In recent years, along with the development of digital signal technology, fields

such as communication, broadcasting, recording media, including CD (Compact

Disc) and DVD (Digital Versatile Disk), medical imaging, and printing have
brought considerable development in photo, video and audio fields, all under the
name of multimedia industry or IT (Information Technology). The reduction of
data volume by compression encoding, which plays a role in photo, video and
audio digital signal technology, is a signal theory. A consecrated signal theory is
Shannon Sampling Theorem, but there are also newer signal theories, such as
Wavelet Transformation Theory. For example, an audio CD uses PCM (Pulse
Code Modulation), which does not involve compression. However, the signal
theory behind this process is identical to Shannon Sampling Theorem.

So far, the MPEG format has been a well known video compression technology for
video clips, animated videos and other videos. However, in recent years, video signal
digital compressing technology has become very used, due to popularization of
technologies such as the MPEG-2 format, originally used in digital broadcasting and
DVD, or MPEG-4, originally used in 3G mobile phones internet streaming and mobile
communication. With this background, we witness even more progress, such as media
storage capacity increase, network speed increase, processor performance
improvements, and large scale production and price reduction of system LSI. In this
way, it has been gradually prepared an environment to sustain a system which can run
videos that demand digital compression.

MPEG-2 (ISO - International Organization for Standardization / IEC - International

Electrotechnical Commission: 13818-2) is defined as a general-purpose image encoding
system that can be used for both interlaced scanning systems and progressive scanning
systems, as well as for standard and high definition images. Today, MPEG-2 is used by a
wide range of applications for both professional and consumer use. MPEG-2 can
provide high quality images and high compression rates. For example, if we have a
standard resolution video of 720x480 pixels, it can perform a data compression of 4~8
(Mbps) bit rate for interlaced image data. Moreover, if we have a high resolution video
of 1920x1080 pixels, it can perform a data compression of 18~22 (Mbps) bit rate for
interlaced image data.

In general, a video encoding acquires data volume compression by reducing the

temporal and spatial redundancy. Therefore, in the inter-frame prediction encoding,
which reduces temporal redundancy, previous frames and next frames are checked to
detect movement in block units and to build a predicted image. The differential values
between the predicted image obtained and the picture to be encoded are the final
encoded result.