CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Security A protection from threats, danger or harm,

equipment from authorized access and use or
potential damage or loss, avoidance of workplace
violence and preparedness for emergency
situation or crisis
Safety Free absent from danger

Health The state of physical, socially and mentally

wellbeing of a worker

Accident/ Incident An unexpected, unplanned event in a sequence of

events that occurs through a combination of
causes which result in physical harm to an
individual, damage to property, near-miss, a loss
or any combination of these effect
Injury The inflictions or resulting effects onto a human
body resulting from an accident/incident

Near miss accident An accident at a place of work which has the

potential to cause injury to any person or damage
to any property
Dangerous Occurrence Occurrence arising out of or in connection with
work activity stipulated in Second Schedule, FMA
(1967)
Danger Relative exposure to hazard

Hazard A source or situation with a potential for harm in

terms of human injury or ill-health, damage to
property, damage to the environment or a
combination of these
Risk A combination of the likelihood of an occurrence
of a hazardous event with specific period or in
specified circumstances and the severity of injury
or damage to the health of people, property,
environment or any combination of these caused
by the event
Environment Air, land, water, flora & fauna, natural resources,
human, surroundings and its interaction
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF OSHE IN MALAYSIA
1872 -ROBENS Committee, UK was formed to
investigate the high rate of industrial accidents,
diseases and deaths at work place

1994 -Self-regulations by employers and employees

-The Act shall be supported by regulations and
codes of practices

1999 -Government start enforcing OSH Act 1994 and

directs all organization to comply
2000 -Government makes it mandatory for all
construction workers in construction industry to
undergo compulsory safety training and issuance
of Green Card to permit entry and work at the
work site

HISTORY OF OSHE IN MALAYSIA

Steam Boiler Safety (before 1914) > Machinery Safety (1914-1952) > Industrial Safety (1953-1967) >
Industrial Safety and Hygiene (1970-1994) > Occupational Safety and Health (1994-onwards)

ACCIDENT CASES
Bhopal Disaster, India -Chemical leak in 1984 in the city of Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh, India. At the time it was
called the worst industrial accident in history

Minamata Disease, Japan -It started with the town cats. In the mid-1950s,
the people of Minamata, Japan began to notice
their cats were going crazy and falling into the
sea.
-It is because of high levels of mercury
poisoning which they then named Minamata
Disease
-Women gave birth to poisoned babies, with
severe deformities including gnarled limbs,
mental retardation, deafness, and blindness

Deep Water Horizon -It also called Gulf of Mexico oil spill, largest
marine oil spill in history caused by an April
20,2010.
 -Explosion on the Deepwater horizon oil rig due
to a blowout which is the uncontrolled release
of crude oil or natural gas from an oil well
Bright Sparkle, Malaysia -Fireworks factory and fire happened in Sungai
Buloh, Malaysia 7th May 1991
-It caused by explosive chemicals spilt during an
experiment in the canteen of the facility

OBJECTIVES OF OSHE IN ORGANIZATION

1. To manage OSH and welfare matters of workers at a workplace and work environment
2. To protect lives and well being of the workers in an organization through minimizing risks,
hazards, dangers arising from the work activities and preventing accidents at work
3. To comply with all related government and national law regulations, codes of practices,
world and international standard, industry standard and others requirements
4. To minimise the OSHE impacts on efficiency, productivity and business performance

IMPORTANCE OF OSHE IN ORGANIZATION

1. Helping organization creates safer work environment

2. To minimize OSHE hazards at workplace and surroundings
3. To avoid many investigations of workplace accidents and environmental accidents
4. Reducing injuries and injuries related costs
5. Minimize losses to organization: productivity, delays, interruptions, miss schedule and
delivery, energy conservation, preservation of natural resources
6. Improving business opportunities because customer is favoured to purchased product or
services from companies with an OSHMS
7. Providing measurable system to verify the OSH performance in the companies
8. Demonstrate the companies is meeting a legal requirement

BENEFITS OF OSHE IMPLEMENTATION

1. Improves workers productivity

2. Custs down on absenteeism
3. Reduce compensation payments
4. Improves company image and reputation
5. Custs down healthcare and insurance costs
6. Minimizes penalties and fines lawsuits
7. Creates confidence from public, investors and government
IMPLEMENTATION OF OSHE IN ORGANIZATION
Top management (planning and commitment)
Middle Management (leading and compliance
to OSHE Laws)
Employees Involvement (organizing OSHE
programs)
Coordinate OSHE programs (documentations,
investigations)
Management and Employees (control and
monitor all OSHE programs)
OSHE ISSUES
Fire at Bitumen Factory, Kemaman
Fire at Pusat Tahfiz Darul Quran Ittifaqiyah,
Jalan Keramat Ujung
Fire at Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru
Covid-19
Top management to formulate OSHE policies,
OSHE targets, establish OSHE system, provide
resources
Management to lead, set up OSHE
Organizational chart, establish safe work culture,
provide directions, and compliance to OSH
regulations
Organize OSHE programs, education, trainings,
activities to achieve OSH Objectives
Coordinate efforts to implement OSHE
inspections, audits, promotions, investigations,
documentations
Controls to monitor OSHE programs, prevention
programs to minimize accidents, safety controls
systems, SHC review effectiveness of programs,
accidents statistics
Gas explosion that destroyed 2 oil tanks
The fire started out in one of the bedrooms at
the top floor of the three-storey religious school
(killed 23 (21 pupils and 2 tcers)
Due to short-circuit-a fire which broke out on
the second floor of the ICU of Hospital Sultanah
Aminah here has killed at least six patients and
triggered the evacuation of hundreds of others