1. a) What is the difference between the natural and built environment?

The natural environment is created by nature and the built environment

is man made

b) i) A-Door B-Window C-Stairs D-Walls

ii) A- Used for privacy and entrances through rooms B- Used for providing
light and ventilation D- Used for dividing the house into sections and privacy

2. a) i) State 2 factors to consider when choosing the site.

Location, History

ii) Name 2 temporary services needed to enable site work

Water distribution and drainage, Electricity supply

iii) State 2 reasons for hoarding the building site

For protection of site belongings, to cut out distractions for workers

b)

3. i) a) State the difference between hardwoods and softwoods.

Hardwoods comes from broad leaf trees and softwoods come from needle
shaped leaf trees

b) Cross Section of a tree

A: Annual Rings
B: Pith
C: Heartwood
D: Cambium Layer
E: Bark
F: Medualla Rays

c) State 2 disadvantages of the quarter sawing method of conversion for

producing lumber for the construction industry.
It produces much waste and is time consuming

ii) Suggest one other method of timber converions that is suitable for
producing lumber for the construction industry.
Plain Sawing Method

iii) State 2 advantages and 1 disadvantage of this method.

There is not alot of waste involve, it drys faster. Boards are not
durable.

d) On a bilding site, structural timber can be affected by distortion,

vegetation growth, severe weather and poor air circulation

i) To avoid wastage of material, outline 3 steps that should be taken to

store structural timber on a building site.
Step 1: Season the Lumber Step 2: Treat the Lumber Steps 3:
Store Lumber in a well ventilated area

ii) Calculate the moisture content for a sample of wood which weighed 24.5
grams when wet and 18.6 grams when dried.
Wet weight-Dry weight/ Dry weight x 100
24.5 - 18.6 = 5.9/18.6 = 0.3172 x 100 = 31.72%

4. a) Give 3 examples of products that are made from each of the following
building construction materials
i) Plywood- Cabinets Desks Tables
 ii) Plastic- Roof Gutters Windows Conduit

c) The height of each riser is 175mm, the total rise is 2625mm and the width
of each tread is 300mm
i) The total number of rises required
Number of rises= Total rise/each riser 2625/175= 15

ii) The total going for the staircase

Number of treads= Tread width/Number of rises 300/15-1= 21 treads

5. a) i) A- Flip knife B- Mortise Guage C- Marking Guage

ii) A- used for cutting

Weather reflects short-term conditions of the atmosphere while climate is the

average daily weather for an extended period of time at a certain location.

Other cultures influenced by the caribbean

british-bricks,flat roofs, arches mdf
india- cisterns open floor plans round roofs
america- split level buildings ,dry wall steel, frame buildings
french- louvered windows, verandas, double doors

Parts of a tree:
bark, pith, cambium layer, heart wood, annual ring, medullary rays, sap wood

What are the types of cement: Normal. Moderate. Low Heat. Rapid Hardening.
Aluminum.
Inorder to make good concrete aggregates must be: Clean, well graded, well shaped,
strong
There are 2 types of aggregates: Coarse and Fine