INTRODITION

Digestion in stomach result from action of gastric fluids, which includes

the secretions of digestive enzymes, mucous and hydrochloric acid. The
acidic environment in the stomach make it possible for digestive enzymes
to be converted in active forms and dissolve minerals and kill bacteria
which may enter to our body with food however excessive acid production
leads to the unpleasant system of heartburn and may result in the
formation of ulcer in stomach lining.
Antacids are the weak bases (most commonly carbonates, bicarbonates
and hydroxides that neutralizes excess stomach acids and thus alleviate
symptoms of heartburn
The general neutralization reaction is:
ANTACID (weak base) + HCL (stomach acid)  SALT + H2O + CO2

SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTACIDS

Antacids do not usually have many side effects if they're only taken
occasionally and at the recommended dose.
But sometimes they can cause:
 diarrhoea or constipation
 flatulence (wind)
 stomach cramps
 feeling sick or vomiting
These should pass once you stop taking the medicine.
Speak to a pharmacist or a GP if side effects do not improve or are
troublesome. You may need to switch to another medicine.

CHEMISTRY OF ANTACIDS
The chemistry of antacid is simple – the reduction of hydronium ion
concentration with reaction of base stronger than water
H3O+ + BI- = HBI + H20
The extent to which the function exceeds is a function of relative strengths
of water as a base and antacid as a base

Different antacids react with HCl to form chlorides, water and carbon
dioxide, neutralizing reaction by following reaction

HCl +Al(OH)3→ H2O + AlCl3

Mg(OH)3 + 3HCl → MgCl3 + 3H2O

CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl + CO2 + H2O

HCl + NaHCO3 → NaCl + CO2 + H2O.

Some famous antacid brands

1. Alka – seltzer 2. Gaviscon3.eno

4. Digene5. Milk of magnesia 6. Gas O Fast

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. Beakers 2. Weight box 3.Burette

 4.Titration flask 5.Pippete 6.Volumetric flask

ANTACID MECHANISM
Antacids perform neutralization reaction, i.e. they buffer gastric acid,
raising the pH to reduce activity in the stomach. When gastric
hydrochloric acid reaches the nerves in gastrointestinal mucosa, they
signal pain to the central nervous system. This happens when these nerves
are exposed, as in peptic ulcers. Antacids are commonly used as to
neutralize the stomach acids. The actions of antacids is based on the facts
that a base reacts with acid to form salt and water .