蕨類孢子育苗的重要考量

Some important considerations for reproducing ferns by spores.

By Brian Avilés Rossi

City: Lima - Peru.
Email: barashan08@gmail.com
中⽂翻譯：⾼炳煌
台南 – 中華民國台灣
Email: bobbygau@gmail.com
 重要注意事項 / Important note
這裡所分享的資訊，並不意在引為手冊或準則，僅是我的實驗與觀察所得，不只可應用於鹿角蕨繁殖，其他蕨類亦適用。

此份資訊亦包含許多人的大方分享，特別是 Santiago Arnanz Ayuso。

最後，並非我所提到的東西均為孢子育苗所需，請依據自身情況，適當調整。

希望我些微的經驗能對您有所幫助。

（譯者註）原作為西班牙文與英文並行，中文翻譯力求接近作者原意，若有不清楚，請參照原文。

The information that I share here does not have the pretension of being a manual and nor of being a protocol, it is only information product of my
experiments and observations, not only in the reproduction of platycerium ferns but also of other ferns.

The information that I share here is also the result of the knowledge that kindly gave me other people, especially Santiago Arnanz Ayuso.

And finally, not all the things I mention here are necessary to reproduce ferns by spores, you will have to adjust to your own conditions and do your own
experiments until you find what suits you and the space where you live.

I share my humble and scant experience with the purpose of being useful to some extent.
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

開始育苗前
BEFORE PLANTING

• 收集孢子 • Collection of spores

• 選擇播種介質 • Choice of planting medium
• 選擇育苗場所 • Choice of the place of cultivation
• 其他重要細節 • Other important details
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

收集孢子 / Collection of spores

必須是成熟孢子才能順利發芽，可以從母株孢子葉葉背的孢子囊顏色來判斷，你可能需要一些練習來區分成熟與未成熟孢子。
底下的照片可用以協助我們認識不同色調所代表的孢子成熟程度。
過早取下的孢子，因為未達成熟狀態，將無法順利發芽。同樣地，太晚取下孢子，因為孢子囊已經將孢子灑出至空氣中，收集的孢子數量不足，
孵出的苗也會較少。
以下連結可以找到更多相關資訊：
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xF83pHEx6Q (孢子從孢子囊彈出)

https://www.dropbox.com/s/uj7cob507m7colj/How%20To%20Collect%20Fern%20Spores.pdf?dl=0 (如何找出收集孢子的較佳時機)

太年輕 成熟 太老 太年輕-太老-成熟
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

收集孢子 / Collection of spores

In order for the spores to germinate they must be mature spores, we will know this with the color of the spore patch of the mother plant. Learning to
differentiate mature spores from those that are not mature is learned through practice.
In this photo we can recognize different tones of color that help us and indicate the state of the spores.
If we collect the spores before the right time, they will not germinate, they will be immature spores, and if we collect them after the right time we will not
have much success, the spores will disappear since the sporangia expel the spores into the air.
I share a link where you will find more information on this subject.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xF83pHEx6Q (here you see the spores being expelled from the sporangia)

https://www.dropbox.com/s/uj7cob507m7colj/How%20To%20Collect%20Fern%20Spores.pdf?dl=0 (here to download a document to identify a better time

to collect the spores)
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

收集孢子 / Collection of spores

可以將成熟孢子囊堆從孢子葉上剪下，面朝下，放置在一張 To collect the spores we can cut the spore patch and place it
白紙上方，以方便觀察灑出的孢子，暗色紙張較不易觀察。 looking down on a clean sheet of white paper, it is important
室溫較高時，大約三天即可完成，室溫較低時，可能會需要 that the color of the leaf is white to be able to observe the
到一個禮拜。在較高室溫情況下，孢子囊堆較易乾燥並釋出 spores. if it is a dark colored paper we will not be able to see the
所有孢子。 Spores We should wait approximately 3 days if the ambient
temperature is high and about 1 week if the ambient
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ycFOBp9EPk
temperature is low. At higher temperature the spore patch will
(這個連結可以看到已經釋出孢子的蕨類葉片以及掉落的空孢 dry and release all spores.
子囊。後續會再討論)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ycFOBp9EPk
(here you will see a leaf of fern that has already discharged the
spores, and has also unloaded the empty sporangia, we will talk
later on this point)
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

收集孢子 / Collection of spores

另一種收集孢子的方式可以不需要剪下孢子葉，直接以
小刀或刮鬍刀片將孢子囊堆從孢子葉上刮下到一張白紙
上，所使用的器具需要事先清洗並以酒精消毒，以降低
孢子受到病菌與黴菌的污染。
在沒有風吹的時候將孢子刮下，以避免刮下在白紙上的
孢子被風吹走。選擇在室內操作是一個不錯的地方。
在刮下孢子的同時，許多完整的孢子囊也會被刮下，這
些孢子囊數分鐘後也會裂開釋出孢子。為了收集到所有
孢子，小心地輕折紙張數次以集中孢子。
使用此法，相較於前種方式(剪下孢子葉)最大不同在於，
採集到的孢子粉中含有相當多的孢子囊，需要將空的孢
子囊與孢子分開，只保留孢子。後續會再說明。
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

收集孢子 / Collection of spores

Another way to collect the spores and that does not involve
cutting our plant is to scrape the patch of spores on a white
paper with a knife or razor, previously we must wash and
disinfect this device with alcohol so as not to contaminate
the spores with germs and fungi.
We scrape the spore patch on a white sheet and at a time
when the wind is calm so that our spores fall on the paper
and do not fly away. Inside our house would be a good place
to do this procedure since there is no wind.
When we scrape the leaf of our fern we will be expelling
many sporangia laden with spores that after a few minutes
will expel the spores, here we must take care that we do not
escape those spores, for this we fold the paper several times
to retain all the dust of spores and the spores ejected inside
the leaf.
An important detail is that unlike the previous procedure
(cutting a leaf from our plant) our sample of spores will have
a large number of sporangia and we will need to separate
them (stay with the spores and eliminate the sporangia).
We'll see in the next point.
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

分離孢子與孢子囊 /
Spores separated from sporangia 孢子囊

採集到孢子囊粉後，進一步需要將他們過濾或篩除。可以用手動
方式，略為傾斜紙張，輕吹幾口讓孢子囊掉落，也可以使用篩網
篩除。
孢子
只留下孢子是重要的，因為如果同時將孢子囊播種，可能會帶入
黴菌造成汙染而破壞了育苗。

孢子囊在成熟的過程中一直接觸外在環境，因此可能會帶有環境
中的病菌與黴菌，所以播種時盡量去除孢子囊就顯得異常重要。

戴上口罩以避免口沫汙染到採集的孢子。

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ycFOBp9EPk

(影⽚中可以看到如何不使⽤篩⼦去除孢⼦囊)

手動方式分離孢子囊與孢子
篩網 (參見影片)
50u – 70u
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

分離孢子與孢子囊 /
Spores separated from sporangia Sporengium

When we already have the spores in our white paper we must filter
or sift them, this can be done manually by tilting our white sheet
and giving small blows so that the sporangia fall, or we can use a
sieve to strain the spores.
Spore

It is important to remain alone with the spores because if we sow

the sporangia we can introduce fungi in our planting and that would
be harmful.

The sporangia during their maturation have always been in contact

with the outside environment and can be carriers of germs and
fungi, so it is important to eliminate them and not sow them.

We can use a mouth and nose protector (mask) to not contaminate

the spores collected with our saliva.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ycFOBp9EPk

(Here we can see how to separate spores from sporangia without a

sieve)
Sieve Separating spores of sporangia
without a sieve (see video)
50u – 70u
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

保存孢子 / Store the spores

理想上，採集到孢子到播種，最好不要相隔太久，除了新鮮度降低，
也會增加汙染風險。但有時採集的量較大，或是當下少了些東西，
孢子
就需要先行保存下來，等待稍後再使用。

預先安排的孢子採集或是暫時還沒有要播種時，可以將孢子保存在
合適條件以維持較長活性。

使用玻璃罐裝孢子。玻璃罐預先以清潔劑清洗，並以大量清水沖洗，
最後再以酒精消毒並擦乾。操作時，戴上口罩以避免口沫汙染孢子。

裝好孢子後，將此玻璃罐冷藏保存在 4-10 °C下。

現在，可以靜靜地等待合適時間再取出播種。
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

保存孢子 / Store the spores

Ideally, it should not be long since we collect the spores until they are
Spore
planted as they may lose their freshness or become contaminated. But
sometimes it happens that we have a lot of spores and we want to save
it to plant them in the future. Or it also happens that at that moment we
do not have ready the necessary to do the planting in the moment.

If we have managed to collect the spores and we are not yet going to
plant them, we can store them and store them in adequate conditions to
keep them viable for a long time.

We can use a new glass bottle which we must previously wash with soap
and water, then rinse with plenty of water (lots of water), then we must
disinfect it with alcohol and dry it with cotton. It is important that we
use a protector (mask) to avoid contaminating the spores with our saliva
when performing this procedure.

Once we have stored our spores in a clean jar, we should store it in the
refrigerator at 4-10 C °.

The spores stored in the refrigerator can wait quietly for the right time
for sowing.
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

選擇播種介質 / CHOOSE THE SOWING MEDIUM

有許多播種用介質可以選擇，然而，最好可以符合以下條件：夠細 (顆粒較
細)、有機、保濕性佳並且含有營養物。

我目前使用種子育苗用的介質，這種介質中含有低劑量肥料。我所使用的牌
子是SUNSHINE PREMIX #3，這種培養土主要由泥苔土組成，含有珍珠岩與
幼苗所需的肥料與營養物質。

我也使用過壓縮的泥炭片，但較費工，泡水還原後還需要撥成碎塊。

也可以使用切碎的水草，不過因為水草不含肥料，需要額外添加肥料進去
(購買肥料並加入低劑量)。使用切碎的樹蕨類樹幹(例如：蛇木屑)，也是相同
情況。
其他還有許多選擇，不過我並沒用過。你可以試試，找出最適合你使用的介
質。重要的是，介質必須是酸性的，泥苔土與水草均符合這個條件。
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

選擇播種介質 / CHOOSE THE SOWING MEDIUM

There are many useful planting media to germinate our spores. However, it must
meet the following conditions: it must be fine (small particles), it must be organic,
it must retain moisture very well and it must have nutrients.

Currently I use substrate for seedbeds, which already comes with fertilizers in low
doses. The brand I use is SUNSHINE PREMIX # 3, this substrate is mixed with
pearlite and is composed mainly of ground peat, and has fertilizers and nutrients
for young plants.

I have also been successful using compact peat discs (jiffys), however these
require more work since they have to be shredded after moistening them
because they are compressed.

We can use crushed sphagnum moss in a very fine way. But this medium does not
have many nutrients and we would have to add them manually (that means
buying fertilizers and dosing them at very low doses, which gives more work). The
same for the trunk of tree fern crushed.
There are other useful substrates but I have not had experience using them, you
can try the medium that would be best for you. An important detail is that the
medium must be acidic, peat moss and sphagnum meet this requirement
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

選擇育苗場所 / CHOOSE PLACE OF CULTIVATION

播種時會使用透明的塑膠容器 (後面會再提到)。需要特別說明一下用來放置
這個已經播種好的塑膠容器的場所。

選擇的育苗場所必須通風、明亮但不會直接曬到陽光，而且維持穩定溫度，
最好高於15oC。

絕對、絕對不要直曬到陽光，因為育苗盒中的高濕度會在上部形成水滴，陽
光透過水滴折射造成的「放大鏡效應」會煮熟播種的種苗。 具有天然光線的浴室

窗戶後方
以下舉一些合適的場所範例，例如：室內不會直曬到陽光的窗戶後方或浴室
內；具有漫射或間接光源的明亮場所。如果選擇在戶外，必須避免陽光直曬
以及會因為吹風造成溫度驟變的地方。

遮陰網
透明屋頂
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

選擇育苗場所 / CHOOSE PLACE OF CULTIVATION

Our sowing will be done in a transparent plastic container (we'll talk about this
later). It is important to talk about the place where we will place this container
after having planted the spores.

The place where we will place our plastic container containing our spores should
be a ventilated place, very illuminated but without direct sun and with constant
temperatures, preferably warm temperatures greater than 15 C °.
Bathroom with natural lighting
It is important that NEVER, NEVER fall direct sunlight on our container because
due to the high humidity inside the tuper will form drops of water that upon Behind a window
receiving direct sunlight will reflect it creating the "magnifying glass effect" and
we could burn our sowing.

An example of a good place for planting is behind a sale of our house that does
not receive direct sunlight, or inside our bathroom. Spaces that are illuminated
throughout the day with diffuse or indirect light. If our place of cultivation is
outside our house we must take the necessary measures to avoid direct sun on
our container and wind currents that cause sudden changes in temperature.

Shading mesh
Translucent roof
 開始育苗前 / BEFORE PLANTING

其他重要細節 / OTHER IMPORTANT DETAILS

在收集與操作孢子時，以下建議可避免或是降低對孢子的破壞或汙染：

• 在潔淨條件下操作至關重要，清洗雙手並戴上口罩防止口沫汙染。

• 使用酒精消毒雙手以及用來刮下孢子的刀片。也可以使用火焰消毒刀片，
但目前我不太使用這種方式。

Some recommendations during the process of collection and manipulation of the

spores, with the purpose of not damaging them or contaminating them or doing
so as little as possible:

• It is important that the process is carried out as cleanly as possible. Clean and
washed hands, mouth guard to avoid spitting saliva.

• Disinfect our hands with alcohol and the knife we ​​use in case we scrape the
spore patch from our plant. In some cases the knife is disinfected with fire,
but currently I do not.
 播種時 / DURING PLANTING

播種時
DURING PLANTING

• 準備⼯作 • The preparations

• 育苗介質殺菌 • Sterilize the planting médium
• 播種時機 • The time to plant
• 播種所需的孢⼦數量 • Amount of spores to be planted
 播種時 / DURING PLANTING

準備⼯作 / The preparations

我們需要⼀個可以微波使⽤的透明塑膠盒，市場上選擇性很多，可以選⼀個
較耐⽤的。必須是透明的，才能讓光線穿透以利光合作⽤。

我們會需要⼀個玻璃噴霧瓶，最好是新的。玻璃材質較不易讓孢⼦黏附在瓶壁，也⽐較容易⽤⽔調配。
這個⽤具將作為播孢使⽤，可以在化妝品店購得。

微波爐⽤來將介質殺菌消毒。將介質中黴菌與其他種⼦或孢⼦移除，⾄關重
要。你也可以使⽤烤箱，不過我沒有使⽤烤箱的經驗。

再次強調，整個過程保持潔淨度是最基本的要求。播種時，⽤來培養的環境很容易會
受到黴菌或藻類的污染，⽽破壞了孢⼦育苗的進⾏。
 播種時 / DURING PLANTING

準備⼯作 / The preparations

We need a container of transparent plastic and that is suitable for microwaves, in
the market there is a lot of variety on these, we choose a resistant one. It must be
transparent to allow the passage of light and that our spores can make
photosynthesis.

We need a glass sprayer and preferably it is new. It must be made of glass so that the spores do not stick to the
walls of the bottle and mix freely with the water. This will be our sowing instrument. You can buy it at any
perfume store.

We need a microwave to sterilize the planting medium. It is important to remove

fungi and seeds and spores of other plants from our substrate. It can also be done
in a common oven however I have no experience using ovens and I could not
guide you on this particular topic.

Again it is important to note that cleanliness is a fundamental requirement throughout the

process. During sowing we will create a micro-space of cultivation that can be susceptible to
any fungus or algae that harms the development of our spores.
 播種時 / DURING PLANTING

育苗介質殺菌 / Sterilize the planting medium

1. 只能使⽤不含任何清潔劑或肥皂的清⽔來清洗⽤來育苗的透明塑膠盒，包含盒⼦
與蓋⼦。如果是新的，清洗也可以洗去製造過程中的⼀些雜質。洗完後，不需要
⽤布擦乾，輕輕甩去多餘⽔分即可。

2. 將播孢使⽤的介質（育苗介質或是泥炭⼟）充填到塑膠容器中，底部算來約3⾄4
公分⾼即可，過多並不需要，苗栽很⼩且根系不會⾧很深。可以使⽤湯匙來加⼊
並抹平介質。

3. 加⼊⾃來⽔完全覆蓋，使得介質像稀飯般的泥巴，濕但不⾄淹⽔。請注意，絕不
要淹⽔，煮過的介質如果淹過多⽔，孢⼦將不會發芽，⽽且容易因為過多的⽔⽽
腐爛。

4. 也可以使⽤煮過的開⽔，我⽬前傾向使⽤熱開⽔，因為病菌較少。

Santiago提供的照⽚
 播種時 / DURING PLANTING

育苗介質殺菌 / Sterilize the planting medium

1. Wash only with water, without any detergent or soap, our plastic container, both the
container and the lid. If it is new, we should wash it, as this will eliminate some
impurities from the plastic when it is manufactured. It is not necessary to dry it with a
cloth, it is better to shake it to expel the excess water.

2. Fill our container with the substrate (substrate for seedlings or peat), 3 or 4
centimeters thick at the base of the container is fine, more substrate is not necessary
since the spores are small and their roots will not grow deeply. A spoon will help us
with this purpose, to throw the earth and create a flat surface.

3. Add tap water to soak our substrate 100%, so that it is like a porridge with the
appearance of mud or mud, very wet but not flooded. Pay attention to this point: IT
SHOULD NOT BE FLOODED. If our substrate is flooded after cooking, the spores we sow
will not germinate and will rot because of the excess water.

4. We can replace the tap water with boiled water without any problem, currently I
prefer to use hot boiled water since it contains less pathogens.

Photos of santiago
 播種時 / DURING PLANTING

育苗介質殺菌 / Sterilize the planting medium

1. 將蓋⼦蓋上，但不要密合，留下些許隙縫，讓加熱過程中產⽣的蒸氣可以逸散。
請注意！完全密封的容器，在微波加熱時恐有爆炸的⾵險。

2. 如果使⽤冷⽔泡介質，可能需要使⽤最⼤功率微波5分鐘，但如果使⽤的是熱開
⽔，3分鐘可能就⾜夠了。

3. 微波完取出放冷，靜置幾分鐘，讓熱氣散去後，即可蓋上蓋⼦。如果在較熱時蓋
上蓋⼦，冷卻後容器會因為形成的真空變形，不容易打開。

4. 蓋上蓋⼦時，請確認有蓋好，以避免殺菌完畢的介質受到污染。接著，讓溫度降
到室溫；以我的經驗，⼤約3⾄4⼩時即可。
 播種時 / DURING PLANTING

育苗介質殺菌 / Sterilize the planting medium

1. Then we must place the lid of the container on top but without covering it. Moreover, I
even ask you to put the lid wrong, leaving a gap so that the water vapor can escape
while the temperature increases inside the microwave. TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THIS
POINT AS IF YOU TAPAS COMPLETELY THE CONTAINER CAN EXPLODE WITHIN THE
MICROWAVE.

2. If the substrate has been moistened with cold water we must program 5 minutes in the
microwave at maximum power. If the substrate has been moistened with hot boiled
water, 3 minutes at maximum power is more than enough.

3. After the cooking time we must remove the container and let it stand a couple of
minutes outside the microwave. When some of the hot steam has escaped you can
already cover the container. This is important so as not to generate a very strong
pressure inside the container due to heat, if this happens the container will be
deformed by the vacuum created inside and uncovering it will be very difficult.

4. Once the container is covered, make sure it is well capped so that no contaminants
enter the sterilized substrate. You must now allow the container to cool for as long as
necessary until it is at room temperature. In my experience this takes about 3 or 4
hours.
 播種時 / DURING PLANTING

播種時機 / The time to plant

1. 播種時需要專注，同時，⼝罩跟乾淨的雙⼿是基本要求。

2. 確認噴霧瓶是潔淨的，必要時，以冷開⽔清洗。

3. 使⽤殺菌消毒過的⼑⽚將些許孢⼦加⼊噴霧瓶中，這些孢⼦將⽤來播種。

4. 加⼊少許無菌⽔到噴霧瓶中。需要使⽤蒸餾⽔，這點很重要。可以在超級市場裡
買到，價錢稍貴。

5. 蓋上瓶蓋，稍微搖⼀下，讓孢⼦均勻懸浮。

6. ⼩⼼專注地打開塑膠透明容器，在介質上噴孢⼦懸浮液3⾄4次，然後輕輕蓋回蓋
⼦，不要引起氣流。這個過程不宜花太⾧時間，應該快速進⾏以避免病菌在播種
過程中再次污染。

Santiago提供的照⽚
 播種時 / DURING PLANTING

播種時機 / The time to plant

1. The time of sowing is the most delicate. Tapabocas and very clean hands are
fundamental requirements.

2. Make sure the spray bottle is clean, you can rinse them with cold boiled water if
necessary.

3. Introduce a bit of spores with the help of the tip of a previously disinfected knife. Then
we will talk about the amount of spores that should be sown.

4. Add some sterile water inside the sprayer that contains the spores, this is important, it
is necessary to use distilled water. Distilled water can be bought at any supermarket, it
is a little expensive but not much.

5. Place the cap on the sprayer and shake a little so that the spore mixes evenly.

6. Carefully and delicately open the container with the sterilized substrate and spray our
spore water 3 or 4 times on the substrate. Then cover the container again gently
Photos of santiago
without generating wind currents. This procedure should not take a long time, should
be brief to not allow the entry of pathogens to our planting.
 播種時 / DURING PLANTING

播種所需的孢⼦數量 / Amount of spores to be planted

我認為這是整個過程中最重要的要點之⼀，但我並無意探究過多，每個⼈
應該⾃⾏試驗。

過多孢⼦將會產⽣以下情況：

- 孢⼦互相競爭養分、⽔、光線和空間。孢⼦將會多花時間這上⾯，⽽不
是在發育上。
- 我觀察到，孢⼦為了競爭光線與空間時會徒⾧，為了競爭⽔分與養分則
會發展出較多的根系。
- 太多孢⼦在有限的空間時，容易造成養分不⾜⽽延緩⽣⾧。
- 較少孢⼦時，原夜體會形成扁平的⼼形，營養⾜夠因此不會互相競爭。
在這種情況下，可以縮短達到成熟階段所需的時間。
- 發芽的孢⼦形成原葉體，具有雄性與雌性器官，受精後形成孢⼦體，因
此，我們的⽬標是提供必要的環境讓孢⼦發展成原葉體，以⾏有性⽣殖。

使⽤較少孢⼦播種
 播種時 / DURING PLANTING

播種所需的孢⼦數量 / Amount of spores to be planted

I consider this point as one of the most important of the entire process.
However I do not want to delve much into this topic, it is more important that
you check for yourself.

If we sow many spores, the following things will happen:

- The spores will compete for nutrients, water, light and space. They will
invest time in competing and not in developing placidly.
- In my observations when the spores compete for light and for space they
take an elongated shape, when they compete for nutrients and water they
develop a lot of roots.
- If there are many spores in very little space, a lack of nutrients will be
generated and their development will be slowed down.
- When you plant few spores they adopt a flattened form and heart form,
there are necessary nutrients for all and they will not be forced to compete
among them. This is important to reduce the time they reach their adult
stage.
- The germinated spores are called prothall and their main function is to
develop the sexual organs that will allow the fertilization and the birth of a
fern. This should be our goal, to provide the necessary conditions for them Planting with few spores
to develop their sexual organs.
 播種時 / DURING PLANTING

播種所需的孢⼦數量 / Amount of spores to be planted

• 多少才算少？多練習幾次你就會知道。以我的經驗，以
⼀個30公分x30公分⼤⼩的容器來說，⼤約2個釘⼦頭的
⼤⼩就差不多了。

成熟的原葉體 • 萬⼀播了過多的孢⼦時，無須緊張，有辦法解決，觀看
以下影⽚會有所幫助。

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IX3HA9QQZ2s
 播種時 / DURING PLANTING

播種所需的孢⼦數量 / Amount of spores to be planted

• How much spore is small? With practice you will get the
exact measurement. In my experience 2 heads of a pin is
more than enough for a container of 30 cm x 30 cm.

Prótalos con forma adulta. • If you planted many spores, calm, it has a solution and you
Prothallus with adult form should not be alarmed. Watch this video and it will help you.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IX3HA9QQZ2s
 秘訣 / TIPS

• 耐⼼等候，播種後約1到3個⽉，你可以⽤⾁眼觀察到⼩⼩的綠⾊ • Be very patient, after the planting can take 1 month or up to 3 to start
原葉體。 seeing small green prothalls with the naked eye.

• 所需的時間受到以下因素影響：蕨類的品種、溫度與孢⼦新鮮度。 • This time will depend on many factors: the type of fern you are
還有其他因素，但我認為這些是最重要的。 sowing, the temperature and how fresh the spores you have planted.
There are more factors at play but I think those are the most
• 多做幾次、試驗不同條件、發揮創意，然後找出最適合⾃⼰的⽅ important ones (in my short experience).
式。
• Make many plantings, experiment, be creative, and choose what is
• 你的⽬標在⾧出成熟、扁平的原葉體，這代表孢⼦正快樂地成⾧。 best for you.

• Your goal should be the adult and flattened form of the prothallus,
with that form he is happy.
 希望這份資料能對你有幫助
預祝成功！
I HOPE THAT THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN ABLE TO HELP YOU.
SUCCESSES!

此份⽂件中所有圖⽚均⾮我所有，主要是從Google搜尋或是Santiago提供，我希望他不會因此感到困擾，哈哈哈！
None of the images in this document are mine, I have taken them from Google and also from Santiago, I hope he does not bother hahaha. By Brian Avilés Rossi