CHAPTER 2 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

Regardless of the type of functions to be performed or law enforcement operations to be

conducted, all law enforcement officers must know by mind and heart and shall comply with
and apply the principles and guidelines relative with operational procedures. Hence, it is the
responsibilities of every law enforcement officers "to serve the people and to protect their
properties." Law enforcement operations must be conducted to control and prevent the illegal
or criminal activities of syndicates or organized crime preying innocent people.

Moreover, no law enforcement operations shall be conducted without the approval of the chief
or head of office of the concerned law enforcement agency. A pre-law enforcement operations
clearance shall be filed by the team leader of the operating team prior to the conduct of the
operations and shall be approved by the head or chief of office of the concerned regional,
provincial, city, or municipal law enforcement offices. This clearance shall be submitted to the
operations office of the concerned law enforcement agency for record purposes.

What are Operational Procedures?

Operational procedures refer to the standard policies designed to give guidance and direction to
law enforcement officers regardless of the types of functions to be performed or law
enforcement operations to be conducted. These are aimed of determining future course of
actions or conditions in order to operate effectively in any given situation. This also provides
detailed written instructions on how to perform routine law enforcement operations and explain
the process being described. It is likewise specific to law enforcement operations to describe
the activities necessary to complete the tasks in accordance with the rules and regulations,
statutes, rules of law, and the Constitution.
Operational procedures also refer to the prescribed manner of handling situation to control the
effect of man-made incident. Hence, if the law enforcement agency already has detailed
instructions for incident handling that forms part of its operational procedures, then, this
simply requires it to make these instructions known by their respective law enforcement
officers. To facilitate this, the conduct of the various law enforcement operations carried out by
law enforcement officers must be properly guided by these procedures. Operational procedures
must, therefore, be adopted to ensure positive outcomes and meet the wants and needs and
expectations of the people.

Framework in Operational Procedures

Wall The law enforcement officer plays a fundamental role in society in serving and
protecting the people in upholding the law. This places a high level of responsibilities on law
enforcement agencies which are required to fulfil their duties in absolute respect of the
applicable rules of law. This is far from an easy undertaking; the legal, ethical and professional
requirements that have to be met are very demanding. However, compliance with the rules of
law that establishes the indispensable framework in enabling law enforcement agencies to
effectively maintain peace and order and ensure public safety is a must.
While the law enforcement paradigm is derived mainly from human rights law, law
enforcement operations are covered by the code of conduct and ethical standards derived from
the constitutional provisions of the Bill of Rights. Law enforcement authorities must be careful
not to blur the lines and leave law enforcement officer in uncertainty over the precise mission
and the applicable paradigm. Precautions are also needed to be taken when law enforcement
officer return to law enforcement duties after having a direct part in hostilities.

However, although law enforcement officer is required to uphold human rights law, some law
enforcement officers are also potential violators. Moreover, it must be understood that where
those who are supposed to uphold the law and human rights, commit human rights violations;
thus, the very relationship between the law enforcement agencies and the different stakeholders
was placed at stake. It is therefore important to hold law enforcement officer accountable for
his or her acts, if it clearly violates the rules on operational procedures in undertaking different
law enforcement operations.

The different law enforcement agencies of the country must also be held accountable to the
three branches of the government such as the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary with
regard to its overall performance, that is, how far it meets the needs of the community
members it is serving. Performance appraisal needs to go much further than merely looking at
crime rates and arrest figures. It should seek to determine the level of trust and confidence
existing between the law enforcement agency and the general public, and the extent to which
they are responsive to the needs and wants of community-members.

Principles in Operational Procedures

Here are the principles in operational procedures:

1. Principle of Legality. All action of law enforcement officers should be based on provisions
of the law. This is the legal ideal which requires that all law enforcement officers must strictly
follow the rules of the law. This also requires them to resolve conflicts by applying the rules
and regulations as provided by the operational procedures that have been adopted by the
respective agencies beforehand, and not to alter the legal situation retrospectively by
discretionary departures from established rules of law, statutes, and the provisions of the
Constitution.

2. Principle of Necessity. It should not affect or restrict human

rights more than what is necessary. This principle is the basis on which extra-legal actions by
the law enforcement officers, which are designed to restore peace and order and ensure public
safety, are found to be unconstitutional. Necessity is justified when pressure of circumstances
compels to adopt certain course of action. It also includes the ability of the law enforcement
officers to use reasonable force, where the violation of law requires necessity to prevent even
worse harm.

3. Principle of Proportionality. It should not affect human rights in a way that is

disproportionate to the aim. It is a general principle in law enforcement agencies that is used to
convey the idea that the use of deadly force must fit the seriousness of the crime committed
and the threats to lives and properties posed by the criminals. It is used as a criterion of
fairness and justice, especially in Constitutional Law, as a logical method to assist in
discerning the correct balance between the use of force and the severity of the unlawful act by
criminals.

4. Principle of Accountability. Those carrying law enforcement operations should be fully

accountable to the different branches of the government such as the executive, the legislative,
and the judiciary, including the internal affairs service of their respective agencies and the
general public, as well. However, it cannot exist without proper accounting practices; in other
words, the absence of operational procedures that prescribed the rules and regulations of law
enforcement operations as an accounting process means absence of accountability.

Necessity of Operational Procedures

The maintenance of peace and order and ensuring public safety are the core responsibilities of
law enforcement agencies which calls for constant careful balancing of the rights and interests
of all the different sectors of society. Strict compliance with the applicable legal framework is
indispensable to ensure the success of this balancing act. The prevention of violence and
avoidance of the need to resort to force should be the guiding principles of the varied law
enforcement operations to be undertaken by the different law enforcement agencies of the
government.

Law enforcement agencies must create a framework that will enable the law enforcement
officers to act in accordance with the rules and regulations embodied in the operational
procedures. The parameters may include the peaceful settlement of conflicts, adequate law
enforcement officers' training in the numerous aspects of law enforcement operations, the
availability of protective clothing and equipment to reduce the need to resort to the use of
deadly force, and the development, and careful evaluation of non-lethal weapons and
equipment used in operations.

When reasonable force needs to be used to achieve the legitimate objective, the consequences
of such force may nevertheless not outweigh the value of the objective to be achieved, which
will render the use of force disproportionate. In other words, law enforcement officers may not
pursue their objectives regardless of all other considerations. They will even have to consider
withdrawing; thus, not continuing to pursue the legitimate objective if the negative
consequences of the use of force would be too serious, given the reason for the use of such
reasonable force.
Operational procedures play an important role in ensuring compliance with the law and respect
for human rights. In order to be effective and to ensure accountability of law enforcement
agencies, a clear chain of command needs to be established, together with clearly defined
responsibilities and decision-making, as well as the scope for exercising discretion. Law
enforcement operations are carried out by human beings, and its quality; therefore, they depend
highly on the knowledge, abilities, skills, and work-values of individual or groups of law
enforcement officers involved in these undertakings.
Procedures in Inter-Agencies Coordination

The procedures in inter-agencies coordination are:

1. Personal coordination of the team leader or by his or her official representative. The team
leader of any law enforcement agencies operating in a particular territorial jurisdiction shall
coordinate, personally or through an official representative, with the regional, provincial, city,
or municipal law enforcement offices within whose jurisdiction the law enforcement
operations is to be conducted.

2. Coordination by filing the coordination form. Prior to the launching of the law enforcement
operations, except in cases where the formal, that is, writing, inter-unit coordination cannot be
made due to the nature or urgency of the situation such as, but not limited to, cross
jurisdictional pursuit operations, coordination should be made formally using the prescribed
coordination form, which shall be filed with the operations center of the concerned regional,
provincial, city, or municipal law enforcement offices.
3. Coordination by practical or available means of communication. In cases where formal
inter-unit coordination is not feasible, the concerned law enforcement agency shall endeavor to
notify the territorial law enforcement office having jurisdiction over the area of operations
through any practical or available means of communication at any time during the conduct of
law enforcement operations, and if not possible, shall accomplish and furnish the regional,
provincial, city, or municipal law enforcement offices with a written incident report
immediately after the termination of operations. 20

Procedures in the Transportation of Suspects

Circumstances will arise which require an alternative course of action. However, under normal
circumstances, law enforcement officers must transport the suspect in the following manner:
(1) transport no more than two persons in a motor vehicle; hence, only one violent prisoner
should be transported in a motor vehicle; (2) secure all arrested persons in a seatbelt in an
upright position; (3) drive in a manner which minimizes discomfort to passengers; (4) do not
leave the motor vehicle unattended while the person under custody is being held inside; and (5)
do not engage in personal activities, like lunch, coffee, and the like, while the person in
custody is in the motor vehicle.
Moreover, there is a need on the part of the law enforcement officer to observe the following:
(1) deliver the person in custody to the intended destination without delay and by the most
direct route; (2) notify the dispatcher and note the time of arrest, departure from the place of
arrest, arrival at the destination, and return to service; (3) note the odometer mileage at the
beginning and end of a transport involving a person of the opposite sex; and (4) when possible,
prisoners must be transported in the motor vehicle with security barriers between the front and
rear seats.

If circumstances require the use of an unmarked motor vehicle without a security barrier to
transport a prisoner, two law enforcement officers should be present. The passenger must
remain vigilant, focusing his or her attention on the prisoner throughout the transport.
Moreover, two law enforcement officers should also be present when transporting a victim or
witness of the opposite sex or children in conflict with the in a motor vehicle without a security
barrier. The second law enforcement officer may follow behind the transporting officer in
another vehicle, or ride in the transporting motor vehicle.

Finally, any law enforcement officer should not respond to or engage in other law enforcement
operations while transporting a suspect, unless the incident is of such magnitude that a law
enforcement officer or other person is placed in jeopardy of serious bodily harm or death. The
law enforcement officer should be constantly concerned with the safety of the suspect, and
should not expose the suspect to unnecessary hazard.

Procedures in the Use of Restraining Device

When deciding whether to use any restraint, law enforcement officer should carefully balance
his or her safety concerns with factors that include but are not limited to: (1) the circumstances
or crime leading to the arrest; (2) the demeanor and behavior of the arrested person; (3) the age
and health of the person; (4) whether the person, if female is known to be pregnant; (5)
whether the person has a hearing or speaking disability; and (6) whether the person has any
other apparent disability. In such cases, consideration should be given, safety permitting, to
handcuffing at the front in order to allow the person to sign or write notes.

Moreover, situations may arise where it may be reasonable to restrain a person who may, after
brief investigation, be released without arrest. During the actual custody, the use of restraints
on person arrested should continue only for as long as it is reasonably necessary to ensure the
safety of law enforcement officer, or any other person. When deciding whether to remove
restraints from a person under custody, the law enforcement officer should continuously weigh
the safety interests at hand against the continuing intrusion upon the person arrested.

In addition, the person arrested who is known to be pregnant should be restrained in the least
restrictive manner available and reasonable under the circumstances, but in no case shall leg
irons or waist chains be used. Handcuffs behind the body should not be used unless the law
enforcement officer has a reasonable suspicion that the person may resist, attempt escape,
injure him or her, or others, or damage property. When the person is suffering from physical
disability, or is handicapped, no restraints of any kind shall be used.

Whenever a law enforcement officer transports a person with the use of restraints other than
handcuffs, the law enforcement officer shall inform the concerned jail authorities upon arrival
at the jail facilities that restraints were used. This notification should include information
regarding any other circumstances that the law enforcement officer reasonably believes would
be potential safety concerns or medical risks. to the person. For example, prolonged struggle,
extreme agitation, impaired respiration, may have occurred prior to, or during, transportation to
the jail facilities.

Procedures in the Use of Reasonable Force

The excessive use of force during law enforcement operations is prohibited. However, in the
lawful performance of duty, a law enforcement officer may use necessary force to accomplish
his or her mandated tasks of enforcing the law and maintaining peace and order. Therefore, the
law enforcement officer must first issue a verbal warning before he or she can use force against
an offender. As far as practicable, the verbal warning shall be in the dialect that is known to the
offender or in his or her native dialect, or with the use of English or national language.

Basically, the verbal warning shall consist of the following: the law enforcement officer
identifying himself or herself; his or her intention; and what he or she wants the offender to do.
If the offender is a foreigner, the verbal warning shall be done in the English language
followed by a demonstrative act of the law enforcement officers' intent. The verbal warning
shall be done in a loud and clear manner. Failure to issue a verbal warning is excusable in
cases where threat to life is imminent, and there is no other option but to use reasonable force
to subdue the offender, or to contain the threats and dangers to life, limb, and property he or
she possess.
When the suspect is violent or threatening, and that less physical measures have been tried and
deemed inappropriate, a more extreme, but non-deadly measure can be used such as pepper
spray, stun gun, and other non-lethal weapon to bring the suspect under control, or effect an
arrest. Hence, during confrontation with an armed offender, only such necessary and
reasonable force should be applied as would be sufficient to overcome the resistance put up by
the offender; subdue the clear and imminent danger posed by him or her; or to justify the force
or act under the principles of self-defense, defense of relatives, or defense of strangers.

A law enforcement officer, however, is not required to afford the offender attacking him or
her, the opportunity for a fair or equal struggle. The reasonableness of the force employed will
depend upon the number of aggressors, nature and characteristic of the weapon used, physical
condition, size and other circumstances to include the place and occasion of the assault. The
law enforcement officer is given the discretion to consider these factors in employing
reasonable force.
The team leader or officer-in-charge of the law enforcement operations shall, at all times,
exercise control over all law enforcement officers in the area of operations, and shall exhaust
all possible means to apply the necessary and reasonable force to protect lives and properties
during armed confrontation. Moreover, law enforcement officer shall only use the amount of
force that reasonably appears necessary given the facts and circumstances perceived by the law
enforcement officer at the time of the event to accomplish a legitimate law enforcement
operations purpose.

The "reasonableness of force" will be judged from the perspective of a reasonable law
enforcement officer on the scene at the time of the incident. Any evaluation of reasonableness
must allow for the fact that the law enforcement officers are often forced to make split-second
decisions about the amount of force that reasonably appears necessary in a particular situation,
with limited information and in circumstances that are tense, uncertain and rapidly evolving.

Given that no policy can realistically predict every possible situation that the law enforcement
officer might encounter, they are entrusted to use well-reasoned discretion in determining the
appropriate use of force in each incident. It is also recognized that circumstances may arise in
which law enforcement officer reasonably believe that it would be impractical or ineffective to
use any of the tools, weapons, tactical equipment, or methods provided by the various law
enforcement agencies.

Law enforcement officers may find it more effective or reasonable to improvise their response
to rapidly unfolding conditions that they are confronting. In such circumstances, the use of any
improvised device or method must nonetheless be reasonable and utilized only to the degree
that reasonably appears necessary to accomplish a legitimate law enforcement operations
purpose. While the ultimate objective of every law enforcement operations, is to avoid or
minimize injury, nothing is required to law enforcement officers to retreat or be exposed to
possible physical injury before applying reasonable force.

Procedures in the Use of Firearm

The use of firearm is justified only if the criminal offenders or lawless elements possess
imminent danger of causing death or injury to the law enforcement officer or other persons.
The use of firearm is also justified under the doctrines of self-defense, defense of relatives, and
defense of strangers. However, one who resorts to self-defense must face a real threat on his or
her life, and the peril sought to be avoided must be ctual, imminent, and real. Unlawful
aggression should be present to be onsidered as a justifying circumstance.

A moving motor vehicle shall not be fired upon except when its occupants pose imminent
danger of causing death or injury to the law enforcement officer or any other person, and that
the use of firearm does not create a danger to the public and outweighs the likely benefits of its
non-use. Therefore, in firing at a moving motor vehicle, the following parameters should be
considered: (1) the intent of the suspect(s) to harm the law enforcement officer other person;
(2) the capability of the suspect to harm with certainty the law enforcement officer or other
person; and (3) the accessibility or the proximity of the suspect to the proximity of the suspect
to the law enforcement officer and other persons.
A law enforcement officer who fires his or her service firearm or weapon during a
confrontation with an offender or offenders must submit an incident report outlining the
circumstances necessitating the use of his or her firearm. Moreover, immediately after an
armed confrontation, the team leader shall: (1) secure the place of engagement; (2) take
photographs; (3) check whether the situation still poses imminent danger; (4) evacuate the
wounded to the nearest hospital; (5) ensure that all persons who died on the spot are not moved
from their original position; (7) arrested suspects should be kept in isolation; (8) conduct
debriefing on all involved law enforcement officers; (9) submit after-operations report; and
(10) ensure the needed psychological counselling for the involved law enforcement officers.

Determining the Reasonableness of Force

When determining whether to apply force and evaluating whether a law enforcement officer
has to use reasonable force, a number of factors should be taken into consideration, as time and
circumstances permit. These factors include, but are not limited to: (1) immediacy and severity
of the threat to law enforcement officer or others; (2) the behavior of the individual confronted,
as reasonably perceived by the law enforcement officer; and (3) law enforcement officer's
factors vs. lawless element's factors, that is, age, size, relative strength, skills, injuries, level of
exhaustion or fatigue, and the number of suspects.

Moreover, the following must be also evaluated in the use of reasonable force: (1) the effects
of dangerous drugs or alcohol; (2) subject's mental state or capacity; (3) proximity of weapons
or dangerous improvised devices; (4) the degree to which the subject has been effectively
restrained and his or her ability to resist despite being restrained; (5) the availability of other
options and their possible effectiveness; (6) seriousness of the suspected offense or reason for
contact with the individual; and (7) prior contacts with the subject or awareness of any
propensity for violence.

Finally, the following must be also considered: (1) training and experience of the law
enforcement officer; (2) potential of injury to law enforcement officer, suspects, and others; (3)
probability that the person appears to be resisting, attempting to evade arrest by flight, or is
attacking the law enforcement officer; (4) the risk and reasonably foreseeable consequences of
escape; (5) the apparent need for immediate control of the subject, or a prompt resolution of
the situation; (6) probability that the behavior of the individual being confronted no longer
reasonably appears to pose an imminent threat; and (7) any other exigent circumstances.

Controversies in the Use of Deadly Force

The use of force by the law enforcement officer is among the most controversial topics of
public debate today. In fact, question regarding how much force the law enforcement officer
should be allowed to use in order to accomplish lawful objectives emerged since the first law
enforcement agency was formally organized. Both the law enforcement agencies and the
general public have struggled to negotiate an acceptable balance to maintaining public order
and safety while at the same time exercising necessary restraint over the broad power to detain,
arrest, and even kill an individual, or group of innocent people.
Moreover, the use of force has long been an essential element of maintaining law and order.
Today, however, the law enforcement agencies have many more options at their disposal for
resolving certain types of volatile and threatening situations, thereby, making the use of lethal
force far less likely and reflexive than in the past years. The use of non-lethal weapons to fill a
very critical gap in what is known as the "use of force continuum" which provides guidance on
how much reasonable force the law enforcement officer should use in response to the
resistance that is offered by the criminals or lawless elements.

Finally, the central element of understanding the use of force by law enforcement officer is
"time." In particular, the encounter that the law enforcement officer with individuals who truly
intend to harm himself or herself, with a third person can happen, quite literally, within
fractions of a second or two. Given that law enforcement officers do not have the magical
ability to slow or stop time, they must react quickly and, in some instances, actually neutralize
the suspect or himself or herself not to be killed.
Procedures in Providing Medical Assistance is gained.

Prior to booking or release, medical assistance shall be provided to any person arrested who
has sustained visible injury, expresses a complaint of injury, continuing pain, or who has
become unconscious. Moreover, any individual exhibiting signs of physical distress after an
encounter or shootout should be continuously monitored until he or she can be medically
assessed. Based upon the law enforcement officer's initial assessment of the nature and extent
of the subject's injuries, medical assistance may consist of the examination to be made by the
paramedics, or staff of any government hospital in the locality.

to If the person arrested refuses medical attention, such refusal shall be fully documented and
reports must be made, and whenever practicable, should be witnessed by another law
enforcement officer or medical personnel. If a recording is made on an interview with the
suspect, if possible, any refusal to medical assistance should be included in the record. The
team leader, or if not available, the designated custodial officer shall ensure that any person
who is providing medical care or receiving custody of a person following any use of force is
informed that the person is subjected to force.
This notification shall include a description of the force used and any other circumstances that
the law enforcement officer reasonably believes would be potential safety or medical risk to
the suspect. The person arrested who exhibits extreme agitation, violent irrational behavior,
imperviousness to pain, or who requires a protracted physical encounter with multiple law
enforcement officers to be brought under control, may be at an increased risk of sudden death.
Therefore, law enforcement officers who reasonably suspect a medical emergency should
request for assistance to be extended as soon as practicable.
Lastly, before the conduct of custodial investigation, the person arrested shall have the right to
be informed of his or her right to demand physical examination by an independent and
competent doctor of his or her own choice. If he or she cannot afford the services of a doctor of
his or her own choice, he or she shall be provided with a competent and independent doctor to
conduct physical examination once requested. If the person arrested is a female, she shall be
attended preferably by a female doctor.

Respecting and Protecting Human Rights

All law enforcement operations such as prevention, detection and investigation of crime,
protection of person and property, and maintenance of public safety and law and order, shall be
guided by the obligation in respecting and protecting human rights, norms, ethics and standards
in crime prevention and criminal justice, international human rights, and humanitarian law.
Respecting and protecting human rights by law enforcement officer actually enhances the
effectiveness of their respective law enforcement agencies.

Hence, in all aspects of law enforcement operations, law enforcement officers shall ensure
their compliance with human rights standards, shall promptly record and share allegations of
violations with the human rights component, and shall be prepared to intervene, including
through the use of reasonable force where mandated, to stop on-going human rights violations,
and to "protect and serve" the people. Therefore, if human rights are systematically respected
and protected, law enforcement officers have developed professionalism in their approaches of
preventing crime and maintaining public order.
Moreover, the chief or head of office of various law enforcement agencies of the country shall
ensure that adequate instructions are in place to guide law enforcement officers' actions when
confronted with human rights violations while performing their functions. The law
enforcement officers must have a clear understanding on the United Nation's Universal
Declaration of Human Rights. Relatively with this. all law enforcement officers are duty-bound
to observe their respective agency's code of conduct and ethical standards.

Finally, when law enforcement officer is employed and deployed in any types of activities, all
assessment, planning, and undertaking of law enforcement operations shall be undertaken in
coordination with the appropriate components of the objectives, including other rule of law
actors. The law enforcement agencies are an essential link in the criminal justice system chain;
therefore, they must work in tandem with prosecution, court, correction, and community pillars
for the continuing progress of the country.

Revisiting the Operational Procedures

As the basic foundation of law enforcement operations, the operational procedures have to be
constantly reviewed, revisited, evaluated, and assessed to keep them relevant to the present
time. This is to make certain that the procedures are still effective as when they were
conceptualized. Moreover, the periodic revisions of the operational procedures will definitely
increase the confidence of the law enforcement officers in the field or in actual law
enforcement operations so they will not be caught in legal entanglements while in the
performance of their mandated powers and functions.

The revision of operational procedures requires the preparation of a draft copy in accordance
with the standard template which includes the following sections: purpose, scope, applicability,
procedure, glossary, references, and appendices. There is a need to use sub-section
numberings, such as 6.1, 6.2, and 6.3; and so on to keep the document clear and easy to follow.
Other copies of the superseded operational procedures, like the electronic or hard copies shall
be deleted or destroyed, for security reason, and to avoid bulking of the document.
Moreover, in revising operational procedures, there is a need to edit the current version, and
then make appropriate changes. Next is to distribute the draft copies of the new operational
procedures to all various stakeholders involved for review and comment. In addition,
incorporating relevant comments is a must, for further review if required. Arrangement for
approval of the final operational procedures is likewise needed. However, prior to the release
of the revised operational procedures it must be reviewed, approved, and authorized by the
head or chief of the concerned law enforcement agencies.

However, due to the fact that there are numerous law enforcement agencies of the country that
are actually involved in various law enforcement operations, there is a need that the revised
operational procedures must be consolidated to meet the purposes and objectives of law
enforcement, that is, relatively with its common denominator of "serving and protecting the
people." This common denominator must be in line with the provisions of Article III-Bill of
Rights and Article XIII Social Justice and Human Rights, as enshrined in the 1987
Constitution.

CHAPTER REVIEW

IDENTIFICATION: Write the answer on the space provided before each number.
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE 1.This refers to the standard policies designed to give
guidance and direction to law enforcement officers regardless of the types of functions to be
performed or law enforcement operations to be conducted.

2. The law enforcement paradigm derives mainly from human rights law, law enforcement
operations are covered by the code of conduct and ethical standards derived from the
constitutional provisions of the BILL OF RIGHTS

3. The following are the principles in operational procedures: principle of legality, principle of
necessity, principle of proportionality, and PRINCIPLE OF ACCOUNTABILITY

4.The core responsibilities of law enforcement agencies, and which calls for constant careful
balancing of the rights and interests of all the different sectors of society such as: (a)
maintenance of peace and order; and (b) ENSURING PUBLIC SAFETY
5.The procedures in inter-law enforcement agencies coordination are as follows: (a) personal
coordination of the team leader or representative; (b) coordination by filing coordination form;
and COORDINATION BY PRACTICAL OR AVAILABLE MEANS OF
COMMUNICATION
EXCESSIVE USE OF FORCE 6. during law enforcement operations is prohibited; however, in
the lawful performance of duty, a law enforcement officer may use necessary force to
accomplish the mandated tasks of enforcing the law and maintaining peace and order.
7.The use of firearm is also justified under the following: (a) doctrines of self-defense; (b)
defense of relatives; and (c) DEFENSE OF STARNGERS

8.In determining whether to apply force, it is limited to the following: (a) immediacy and
severity of the threat to law enforcement officer or others; (b) conduct of the individual as
perceived by the law enforcement officer; and (c) LAW ENFORECEMENT OFFICERS
FACTORS VS. LAWLESS ELELMENTS FACTORS

9.Given that law enforcement officers do not have the MAGICAL ABILITY or stop time, they
must react quickly, they have to actually neutralize the suspect or himself or herself not to be
killed. to slow

10.All law enforcement operations shall be guided by the obligation in HUMAN RIGHTS ,
norms, ethics and standards, international human rights, and humanitarian law.

ENUMERATION:

List the four (4) principles in operational procedures.

1.PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY

2.PRINCIPLE OF NECESSITY

3.PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONALITY

4.PRINCIPLE OF ACCOUNTABILITY

ESSAY (15-20): Explain in brief the importance of revisiting the operational pr ocedures.