Law Enforcement Administration
Law Enforcement Administration - the process
involved in ensuring strict compliance, proper
obedience of laws and related statutes. Focuses on
the policing process or how law enforcement
agencies are organized and manage in order to
achieve the goals of law enforcement most
effectively, efficiently and productively.
Law - the system of rules that a particular country or
community recognizes as regulating the actions of its
members and may enforce by the imposition of
penalties.
Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law,
regulation or command.
Administration - an organizational process
concerned with the implementation of
objectives and plans and internal operating
efficiency. Connotes bureaucratic
structure and behavior, relative routine decision-
making and maintenance of the internal
order.
Sir Robert Peel - considered a "father of law
enforcement".
Sir Robert Peels Nine Principles of Policing
1. The basic mission for which the police exist is to
prevent crime and disorder.
2. The ability of the police to perform their duties is
dependent upon public approval of police actions.
3. Police must secure the willing cooperation of the
public in voluntary observance of the law to be able
to secure and maintain the respect of the public.
4. The degree of cooperation of the public that can
be secured diminishes proportionally to the
necessity of the use of force.
5. Police seek and preserve public favor not by
catering to public opinion but by constantly
demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.
6. Police use physical force to the extent necessary
to secure observance of the law or to restore order
only when the expertise of persuasion, advice and
warning is found to be insufficient.
7. Police at all time should maintain a relationship
with the public that gives reality to the historic
tradition; the police are the public and the public are
the police. The police being only full time individuals
charged with the duties that are incumbent on all of
the citizens.
8. Police should always direct their actions strictly
towards their functions and never appear to usurp
the powers of the judiciary.
9. The test of police efficiency is the absence of
crime and disorder not the visible evidence of police
action in dealing with it.
Administration of Police Organization
Police - one of the pillars of the criminal justice
system that has the specific
responsibility of maintaining law and order and
combating crime within the society.
- comes from Latin "politia"-civil administration
which itself derives from
the ancient Greek police "city"
Administration - an organizational process
concerned with the implementation of objectives
and plans and internal operating efficiency.
Organization - a group of persons working together
for a common goal or objectives.
Police Organization - a group of trained personnel in
the field of public safety administration engaged in
the achievement of goals and objectives that
promotes the maintenance of peace and order,
protection of life and property, enforcement of the
laws and the prevention of crimes.
Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law,
regulation or command.
Law Enforcement Agency - pertains to an
organization responsible for enforcing the laws.
Objectives - refer to the purpose by which the
organization was created. Refer to the goals of the
organization.
Supervision - means the act of watching over the
work or tasks of the members of the organization to
ensure that desired results are achieved.
Management - the process of directing and
facilitating the work of people organized in
formal groups in order to achieve objectives.
Judicious or wise use of resources (manpower,
material,money,equipment, supplies and time).
Hierarchy - represents the formal relationship
among superiors and subordinates in any given
organization. Serves as the framework for the flow
of authority downward and obedience upward,
through the department.
Authority - the right to command and control the
behavior of employees in lower positions within an
organizational hierarchy. Must be viewed in terms of
prescribed roles rather than of individuals.
A particular position within the organization. Carries
the same regardless of who occupies that position.
Management/Administrative Functions
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Directing
4. Controlling
5. staffing
6. Reporting
7. Budgeting
Principles of efficient Management
* Division of work - work specialization can increase
efficiency with the same amount of effort.
* Authority and Responsibility- authority includes
the right to command and the power to require
obedience. One can not have authority without
responsibility.
* Discipline - necessary for an organization to
function effectively, however, the state
of the disciplinary process depends upon the quality
of its leaders.
* Unity of Command - subordinate should receive
orders from one superior only.
* Scalar Chain - the hierarchy of authority is the
order of ranks from the highest to the
lowest levels of the
organization. Shows the vertical hierarchy of the
organization which defines an
unbroken chain of
units from top to bottom describing explicitly the
flow of authority.
Organizational Units in the Police Organization
1. Functional Units
Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a
large department; comprised of
several divisions.
Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.
Section - functional unit within a division that is
necessary for specialization.
Unit - functional group within a section or the
smallest functional group within an organization.
2. Territorial Units
Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is
assigned for duty.
Route - a length of streets designated for patrol
purpose, also called line beat.
Beat - an area designed for patrol purposes whether
foot or motorized.
Sector - an area containing two or more beat, route
or post.
District - a geographical subdivision of a city for
patrol purposes, usually with its own station.
Area - a section or territorial division of a large city
each comprised of designated districts.
EVOLUTION OF THE POLICING SYSTEM
ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE”
POLITEIA – Greek word which means government of
the city
POLITIA – Roman word which means condition of
the state or government
POLICE – French word which was later adopted by
the English language
THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE
1. HOME RULE THEORY
- policemen are regarded as servants of the
community, who rely for the efficiency of their
functions upon the express needs of the people.
- policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the
preservation of public peace and security.
2. CONTINENTAL THEORY
- policemen are regarded as state or servants of the
higher authorities
- the people have no share or have little
participation with the duties nor connection
with the police
organization.
CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE
1. OLD CONCEPT
- police service gives the impression of being merely
a suppressive machinery
- this philosophy advocates that the measurement of
police competence is the increasing number of
arrests, throwing offenders in detention facilities
rather than trying to prevent them from committing
crimes
2. MODERN CONCEPT
- regards police as the first line of defense of the
criminal justice system, an organ of crime prevention
- police efficiency is measured by the decreasing
number of crimes
- broadens police activities to cater to social services
and has for its mission the welfare of the individual
as well as that of the community in general.
EARLY POLICING SYSTEM
1. KIN POLICING
- the family of the offended individual was expected
to assume responsibility for justice
- the family of the victim was allowed to exact
vengeance
2. EGYPT
- ancient rulers had elite unit to protect them
- created the MEDJAYS, a form of police force whose
duties include guarding of the tombs and
apprehending thieves
- introduced the use of dogs as guards and
protectors.
3. ROME
- created the first organized police force called
VIGILES OF ROME, or VIGILES
URBANI (watchmen of the
city), which had the primary task of firefighting and
policing
- the Vigiles acted as night watch, apprehending
thieves, keeping an eye out for burglars and hunting
down runaway slaves, and were on occasion used to
maintain order in the streets
- the Vigiles dealt primarily with petty crimes and
looked for disturbances of the peace while they
patrolled the streets
- created a special unit called PRAETORIAN GUARDS,
a special force of guards used by Roman Emperors as
the Emperors' personal guards
- as personal guards of the Emperor, their primary
duty was to protect the Emperor from assassination
and other forms of attack against the Emperor.
4. ENGLAND
a) FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM/MUTUAL PLEDGE SYSTEM
- required all males aged 12 and above to join a
group of nine to form a TYTHING
- members of the tything are called a TYTHINGMEN
- a CONSTABLE served as a leader of ten tythings
- the primary task of the things was to protect their
village from thieves andanimals
- tythings were later organized into SHIRES
- a shire was headed by a leader called SHIRE REEVE,
which is the origin of the word “sheriff”
- their duty was to apprehend offenders
b) PARISH CONSTABLES
- a parish official charged with controlling crimes
- appointed to serve for one year
- duties included organizing watchmen to guard the
gates
- during trouble, the watchman would raise a “HUE
AND CRY”, a call to arms where the rest of the parish
would stop what they were doing and come to the
aid of the constable.
MODERN POLICING SYSTEM
1) ENGLAND
a. BOWSTREET RUNNERS - a group of men
organized to arrest offenders.
- organized by Henry Fielding, a magistrate in
London,in 1749 in London, England.
- the name was adopted from the name of the street
where the office of Henry Fielding was located.
- when Henry Fielding retired as magistrate, he was
replaced by his blind brother, John Fielding
b. METROPOLITAN POLICE OF ACT 1829
- the law that created the first modern police force
in London England, called the Metropolitan Police
Service.
- this law was passed through the initiative of Sir
Robert Peel, a member of the Parliament
- the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police
Service is the Scotland Yard, now known as the New
Scotland Yard
SIR ROBERT PEEL - recognized as the father of
modern policing system.
2. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
a. NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT
- created in 1845 in New York, USA
- recognized as the first modern style police
department in the US.
- the largest police force in the world
- modeled after the Metropolitan Police Service of
London
b. BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT
- the oldest police department in the US
- the first night watch was established in Boston in
1631.
- formally founded in May, 1854.
AUGUST VOLLMER - recognized as the Father of
Modern Law Enforcement for his contributions in
the development of the field of criminal justice in
the US
- author of the book, Police Administration, which
served as the basic guide in the
administration of the police organization in the US
- was the first police chief of Berkeley, California.
Important Personalities in the Evolution of
Philippine Policing
Brig.Gen. Rafael Crame - the first Filipino Chief of the
Philippine Constabulary in 1917.
Col. Antonio Torres - the first Filipino Chief of Police
of the Manila Police Department in 1935.
Col. Lambert Javalera - the first chief of police of the
Manila Police Department after the Philippine
Independence from the United States of America in
1946
Dir.Gen. Cesar Nazareno - the first chief of the
Philippine National Police.
HIGHLIGHTS OF RA 6975 – THE DEPARTMENT OF
THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT OF
1990, RA 8551 – THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
REFORM AND REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1998 and
RA 9708
A. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENT (DILG)
- formerly Department of Local Government (DLG)
- reorganized under RA 6975
ORGANIZATION: - consist of:
a) the Department proper
b) existing bureaus and offices of the DLG
c) local government units (LGU)
1) provincial governors
2) city and municipal mayors
d) the National Police Commission
e) the Philippine Public Safety College
f) Philippine National Police
g) Bureau of Fire Protection
h) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
- the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under
RA 6975
- headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the
President and who shall serve at the
pleasure of the President
- the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2)
Undersecretaries and three (3) Assistant
Secretaries
a) Undersecretary for Local Government
b) Undersecretary for Peace and Order
- No retired or resigned military officer or police
official may be appointed as
Secretary within one
(1) year from date of retirement or resignation
- the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the
National Police Commission
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DILG
1. Assist the President in the exercise of general
supervision over local governments;
2. Advise the President in the promulgation of
policies, rules, regulations and other
issuances on the general supervision over local
governments and on public order and safety;
3. Establish and prescribe rules, regulations and
other issuance's implementing laws on
public order and safety, the general supervision over
local governments and the promotion of local
autonomy and community empowerment and
monitor compliance thereof;
4. Provide assistance towards legislation regarding
local governments, law enforcement
and public safety; Establish and prescribe plans,
policies, programs and projects to promote peace
and order, ensure public safety and further
strengthen the administrative, technical and fiscal
capabilities of local government offices and
personnel;
5. Formulate plans, policies and programs which will
meet local emergencies arising from natural and
man-made disasters; Establish a system of
coordination and cooperation among the citizenry,
local executives and the Department, to ensure
effective and efficient delivery of basic services to
the public;
6. Organize, train and equip primarily for the
performance of police functions, a police
force that is national in scope and civilian in
character.
RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE
DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE
(DND)
- under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines
(AFP) was in charge with external security while the
DILG was in charge with internal security
- under RA 8551, the Armed Forces of the Philippines
is now in charge with both internal and external
security with the PNP as support through
information gathering and performance of
ordinary police functions.
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
- an agency attached to the DILG for policy
coordination
- shall exercise administrative control and
operational supervision over the PNP.
VISION OF THE NAPOLCOM
"We envision the National Police Commission as a
highly dynamic, committed and responsive
administering and controlling body, actively and
effectively facilitating the evolvement of a highly
professional, competent, disciplined, credible and
trustworthy PNP"
MISSION OF THE NAPOLCOM
"To administer and control the Philippine National
Police with the end in view of maintaining a highly
professional, competent, disciplined, credible and
trustworthy PNP”
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NAPOLCOM
A. Exercise administrative control and operational
supervision over the Philippine
National Police (PNP) which shall mean the power
to:
1. Develop policies and promulgate a police manual
prescribing rules and regulations for efficient
organization, administration, and operation,
including criteria for manpower allocation
distribution and deployment, recruitment, selection,
promotion, and retirement of personnel and
the conduct of qualifying entrance and promotional
examinations for uniformed members;
2. Examine and audit, and thereafter establish
standards for such purposes on a continuing basis,
the performance, activities, and facilities of all police
agencies throughout the country;
3. Establish a system of uniform crime reporting;
4. Conduct annual self-report surveys and compile
statistical data for accurate assessment of the crime
situation and the proper evaluation of the efficiency
and effectiveness of all police units in the country;
5. Approve or modify plans and programs on
education and training, logistical requirements,
communications, records,information systems,
crime laboratory, crime prevention and crime
reporting;
6. Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National
Appellate Board, personnel administrative actions
involving the demotion or dismissal from the service
imposed upon members of the Philippine National
Police by the Chief of the Philippine National Police;
7. Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the
Regional Appellate Boards, over administrative cases
against policemen and over decisions on claims for
police benefits;
8. Prescribe minimum standards for arms,
equipment, and uniforms and, after consultation
with the Philippine Heraldry Commission, for insignia
of ranks, awards, medals of honor;
9. Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in
matters pertaining to the discharge of its own
powers and duties,and designate who among its
personnel can issue processes and administer oaths
in connection therewith;
10. Inspect and assess the compliance of the PNP on
the established criteria for manpower allocation,
distribution and deployment and their impact on the
community and the crime situation, and thereafter
formulate appropriate guidelines for maximization of
resources and effective utilization of the PNP
personnel;
11. Monitor the performance of the local chief
executives as deputies of the Commission; and
12. Monitor and investigate police anomalies and
irregularities.
B. Advise the President on all matters involving
police functions and administration;
C. Render to the President and to Congress an
annual report of its activities and
accomplishments during the thirty (30)days after the
end of the calendar year, which shall include an
appraisal of the conditions obtaining in the
organization and administration of police agencies in
the municipalities, cities and provinces throughout
the country, and recommendations for appropriate
remedial legislations;
D. Recommend to the President, through the
Secretary, within sixty (60) days before
the commencement of each calendar year, a crime
prevention program; and
E. Perform such other functions necessary to carry
out the provisions of R.A. 6975, as
amended, other existing laws and Presidential
issuance's, and as the President may direct.
COMPOSITION OF NAPOLCOM
1. One chairperson
2. Four regular commissioner
3. The Chief PNP as ex officio member
Note:
* shall serve a term of office of six (6) years without
reappointment or extension
* three of the four regular commissioners shall come
from civilian sector and not former members of the
police or military
* the fourth regular commissioner shall come from
the law enforcement sector either active or retired
* at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners
shall be a woman
* from among the three regular commissioners from
the civilian sector, the Vice Chairperson shall be
chosen
* the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive
Officer of the Commission
* refer to the organizational structure of the
NAPOLCOM
Important dates in the history of modern Philippine
Policing
1901 - ACT no. 175 of the Philippine Commission
established the Philippine
constabulary on august 8, 1901.
1905 - the Philippine constabulary school was
established at the sta.lucia barracks in Intramuros on
February 17, 1905.
1908 - the Philippine constabulary school was
transferred to Baguio City.
1916 - the Philippine constabulary school was
renamed academy for officers of the Philippine
constabulary.
1917 - on December 17, 1917, Brigadier General
Rafael Crame from Rizal Province, became the first
Filipino chief of the Philippine constabulary.
1926 - the academy for officers of the Philippine
constabulary was renamed Philippine Constabulary
Academy.
1936 - the Philippine Constabulary Academy became
the present day Philippine Military Academy.
1938 - The Philippine Constabulary became the
existing and organized national police force of the
country pursuant to commonwealth act no. 343
dated June 23, 1938 and EO no. 389 dated
December 23, 1950. This decree integrated local
police forces into the Philippines constabulary
operational and organizational set up.
1966 - congress enacted RA no. 4864, the police act
of 1966. This law also created the Police Commission
(POLCOM).
1972 - The POLCOM was reorganized as the National
Police Commission.
1975 - PD 765 was enacted. This law is called the
Police Integration Law of 1975. The Integrated
National Police was established with the Philippine
Constabulary as nucleus under the Department of
national Defense. The NAPOLCOM, originally under
the office of the President was transferred to the
Ministry of National defense.
1985 - The National Police Commission was returned
to the office of the President pursuant to E.O 1040.
1989 - Executive order 379 placed the Integrated
national Police directly under the command,
supervision and control of the President. This order
vested the NAPOLCOM with the powers of
administrative control and supervision over the
Integrated National Police.
1990 - RA 6975 was passed on December 13, 1990
establishing the Philippine National Police under a
reorganized Department of the Interior and Local
Government (DILG). A new National Police
Commission was created under the DILG.
1998 - congress passed into law RA no. 8551 on
February 25, 1998, otherwise known as the
Philippine National Police reform and reorganization
act of 1998. This act strengthened and expanded
NAPOLCOM,s authority over the PNP to include
administration of police entrance examination and
conduct pre-charge investigation against police
anomalies and irregularities and summary dismissal
of erring police members.
FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
1. PRIMARY OR LINE FUNCTIONS
- functions that carry out the major purposes of the
organization, delivering the services and dealing
directly with the public
- the backbone of the police department
- examples of the line functions of the police are
patrolling, traffic duties, crime
investigation
2. STAFF/ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
- functions that are designed to support the line
functions and assist in the performance
of the line functions
- examples of the staff functions of the police are
planning, research, budgeting and legal advice
3. AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
- functions involving the logistical operations of the
organization
- examples are training, communication,
maintenance, records management, supplies
and equipment management
ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION
1. OPERATIONAL UNITS
- those that perform primary or line functions
- examples are patrol, traffic, investigation and vice
control,
2. ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS
- those that perform the administrative functions
examples are personnel, finance, planning and
training.
3. SERVICE UNITS
- those that perform auxiliary functions
- examples are communication, records
management,supplies.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
- the systematic arrangement of the relationship of
the members,
positions,departments and
functions or work of the organization
- it is comprised of functions,
relationships,responsibilities and authorities of
individuals within the organization
KINDS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES
1. LINE
- the oldest and simplest kind; also called military
- defined by its clear chain of command from the
highest to the lowest and vice versa
- depicts the line functions of the organization
- orders or commands must come from the higher
level of authority before it can be carried out
- involves few departments
2. FUNCTIONAL
- structure according to functions and specialized
units
- depicts staff functions of the organization
- responsibilities are divided among authorities who
are all accountable to the authority
above.
3. LINE AND STAFF
- a combination of the line and functional kind
- combines the flow of information from the line
structure with the staff departments that service,
advise, and support them
- generally more formal in nature and has many
departments
ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES
FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF AN ORGANIZATION
1. AUTHORITY
- the supreme source of government for any
particular organization
- the right to exercise, to decide and to command by
virtue of rank and position
2. MUTUAL COOPERATION
- an organization exists because it serves a purpose.
3. DOCTRINE
- provides for the organization’s objectives
- provides the various actions, hence, policies,
procedures, rules and regulations of the org. are
based on the statement of doctrines
4. DISCIPLINE
- comprising behavioral regulations
ELEMENTS OF POLICE ORGANIZATION
1. UNITY OF COMMAND
- dictates that there should only be ONE MAN
commanding the unit to ensure uniformity in the
execution of orders
2. SPAN OF CONTROL
- the maximum number of subordinates that a
superior can effectively supervise
Factors affecting the span of control:
a) Leadership qualities of the supervisors
b) Nature of the job and work conditions
c) Complexity of task
d) Education and skill of the employees
3. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
- conferring of an amount of authority by a superior
position to a lower-level position.
4. HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY
- the relationship between superiors and
subordinates
- serves as the framework for the flow of authority
downward and obedience upward
through the department
HIERARCHY - represents the formal relationship
among superiors and subordinates in
any given
organization
5. SPECIALIZATION
- the assignment of particular personnel to particular
tasks
SPECIALIZATION OF JOBS (AREAS OF
SPECIALIZATION)
- the designation of certain activities or tasks as ones
that must be performed in a highly.
technological,scientific or precise manner
- areas of police specialization include undercover
works, crime scene operations, legal
advising, computer work, SWAT operations and
others
SPECIALIZATION OF PEOPLE (SPECIALISTS)
- the designation of particular persons as having
expertise in a specific area of work
- signifies the adaptation of an individual to the
requirements through extensive training
6. CHAIN OF COMMAND
- the arrangement of officers from top to bottom on
the basis of rank or position and authority.
7. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
- dictates that immediate commanders shall be
responsible for the effective
supervision and control.
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING
SYSTEM
The institution of police in the Philippines formally
started during the Spanish period. The establishment
of the police force was not entirely intended for
crime prevention nor peacekeeping. Rather, it was
created as an extension of the colonial military
establishment.
Ancient Roots
The forerunner of the contemporary police system
was the practice of barangay
chieftains to select
able-bodied young men to protect their barangay Post Martial Law Regime
during the night and were not required to work Executive Order No 1012 – transferred to the city
in the fields during daytime. Among the duties of and municipal government the operational
those selected were to protect the properties supervision and direction over all INP units assigned
of the people in the barangay and protect their crops within their locality; issued on July 10, 1985
and livestock from wild animals. Executive Order No 1040 – transferred the
administrative control and supervision of the INP
Spanish Period from the Ministry of National Defense to the
Carabineros de Seguridad Publica – organized in National Police Commission
1712 for the purpose of carrying RA 6975 – otherwise known as the Department of
the regulations of the Department of State; this was the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990,
armed and considered as the mounted police; enacted on December 13,1990; reorganized the DILG
years after, this kind of police organization and established the Philippine National Police,
discharged the duties of a port, harbor and Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail
river police. Management and Penology and the Philippine
Guardrilleros/Cuardillo – this was a body of rural Public Safety College.
police by the Royal Decree of 18 January 1836, this RA 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine
decree provided that 5% of the able-bodied male National Police Reform and Reorganization Act
inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in of 1998, enacted on February 25, 1998; this law
this police organization for three years amended certain provisions of RA 6975.
Guardia Civil – this was created by a Royal Decree RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975
issued by the Crown on 12 February 1852 and RA 8551 on the minimum educational
to partially relieve the Spanish Peninsular troops of qualification for appointment to the PNP and
their work in policing towns, it consisted of a body adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12
of Filipino policemen organized originally in each of August 2009.
the provincial capitals of the central provinces of - An Act extending for five (5) years the
Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor reglementary period for complying with the
American Period minimum educational qualification for appointment
The Americans established the United States to the PNP and adjusting the promotion system
Philippine Commission headed by General thereof,amending for the purpose pertinent
Howard Taft as its first governor-general. On January provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 and for other
9, 1901, the Metropolitan Police Force of Manila was purposes. Administration of Police Organization
organized pursuant to Act No 70of the Taft
Commission. This has become the basis for the Review Questions 1
celebration of the anniversary of the Manila’s Finest 1.A primary subdivision of a bureau with a
every January 9th. department wide
ACT NO 175 – entitled “An Act Providing for the responsibility for providing a specific specialized
Organization and Government of an Insular functions.
Constabulary”,enacted on July 18, 1901. A.Section
Henry T. Allen - Captain of the 6th US cavalry, a B.Sector
graduate of West Point class 1882. C.Squad
Father of the Philippine Constabulary. The first chief D.Detail
of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901.
ACT NO 183 - created the Manila Police Department, 2.A subdivision of a squad
enacted on July 31, 1901. A.Section
CAPT GEORGE CURRY - the first chief of police B.Unit
of the Manila Police Department in 1901. C.Sector
Act No 255 – the act that renamed the Insular D.Detail
Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary,
enacted on October 3, 1901 3.A subdivision of a unit.
Executive Order 389 – ordered that the Philippine A.Section
Constabulary be one of the four B.Unit
services C.Squad
of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, enacted on D.Detail
December 23, 1940.
Post-American Period 4.A subdivision of a section.
RA 4864 – otherwise known as the Police A.Precinct
Professionalization Act of 1966, enacted on B.Unit
September 8, 1966; created the Police Commission C.Squad
(POLCOM) as a supervisory agency D.Detail
to oversee the training and professionalization of the
local police forces under the Office of the 5.The primary geographic subdivision of a precinct.
President; later POLCOM was renamed into National A.Post
Police Commission (NAPOLCOM). B.Sector
Martial Law Period C. Section
PD 765 – otherwise known as the Integration Act of D.Unit
1975, enacted on August 8, 1975; established the
Integrated National Police (INP) composed of the 6.The primary subdivision of a sector.
Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and the A.Post
integrated local police forces as components, under B.Beat
the Ministry of National Defense C. Unit
- transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the D.Sector
President to the Ministry of National Defense
7.One of several tours of duty. 2. It post the location of murder's, rapes, robberies,
A.Detail carnapping and other major crimes of the locality.
B.Post A. Crime hot spots
C. Shift B. Crime incident location
D.Beat C. Crime spot map
D. Crime mapping
8.Fixed geographic location usually assigned to an
individual officer 3. It post the the motor vehicle and pedestrian
A.Post accident which occur in the area.
B.Beat A. Traffic spot map
C. Shift B. Traffic crime map
D.Section C. Traffic statistic report
D. Traffic incidence report
9.The primary geographic subdivision of the patrol
operation bureau. 4. Useful to indicate the traffic accidents and crime
A. Precinct location.
B.Section A.Traffic map
C. Sector B. Traffic and crime map
D.Unit C. Crime map
D. Spot map
10.It means planning the work of the department
and of thepersonnel in an orderly manner. 5. Each time any file is issued, a record should be
A.Plan made on a color charge-out which is often called a
B.Delegate “Substitution Card” or an “Out Card” which takes the
C. Oversee place of a file that has been removed from the
D.Organize cabinet.
A. Borrower's card
Memorize the following: B. Document card
1.Organize - it means planning the work of the C. Borrower's slip
department and of the personnel in an orderly D. Charged out card
manner.
2.Oversee - It means that the supervisor ensures 6. A file showing the history of each police officer,
that the work that has been organized and both prior and subsequent to joining
delegated is satisfactorily completed. the force, is indispensable.
3.Delegate - It means giving someone else the A. Personal records
responsibility and authority to do something. B. Policy,order,memoranda file
4.Precinct - the primary geographic subdivision of C. Assignment record
the patrol operation bureau. D. Correspondence file
5.Post - Fixed geographic location usually assigned to
an individual officer. 7. This consist of set or records of communications
6.Shift - one of several tours of duty. classified, arranged and filed alphabetically by the
7.Beat - the primary subdivision of a sector. subject to which they pertain.
8.Sector - the primary geographic subdivision of a A. Personal record
precinct. B. Policy,order,memoranda file
9.Unit - subdivision of a section. C. Assignment record
10.Squad - a subdivision of a unit. D. Correspondence file
11.Detail - a subdivision of a squad.
12.Section - a primary subdivision of a bureau with a 8. This consist of photographic records of known
department wide responsibility for criminals and describe the procedure how criminals
providing a specific specialized functions. commit crime.
A. Modus operandi file
Answers: Administration of Police Organization B. Operation file
1. A C. Method of operation file
2. D D. Criminal file
3. C
4. B 9. A notation put into a file to indicate that a record
5. B is not stored in that file but in some other location
6. B specified therein. It tells the filer or searcher where
7. C to find the needed material.
8. A A. Reference
9. B B. Cross reference
10. D C. File notation
D. Cross location
Administration Of Police Organization Review
Questions 2 10.Making an identifying mark on the item to be
1. A nationwide, cooperative statistical effort of law stored to indicate what classifications it is to be filed.
enforcement agencies voluntarily reporting data on A. Identifying
crimes brought to their attention. B. Classifying
A. National Crime Reporting C. Coding
B. Uniform Crime Reporting D. Differentiating
C. National Statistic Report
D. National Police Crime Report
Remember the ff: Administration of Police Administration of police organization review
Organization questions 3
1. Uniform Crime Reporting - A nationwide, 1. There are how many staff directorate in the
cooperative statistical effort of law enforcement Philippine National Police?
agencies voluntarily reporting data on crimes A. 8
brought to their attention. B. 10
2. Crime spot map - It post the location of murder's, C. 12
rapes, robberies, carnapping and other major crimes D. 14
of the locality.
3. Traffic spot map - It post the the motor vehicle 2. The second highest ranking officer in the PNP.
and pedestrian accident which occur in the area. A. Deputy Director General for Operation
4. Spot map - Useful to indicate the traffic accidents B. Chief of the Directorial Staff
and crime location. C. NCR Director
5. Charged out card - Each time any file is issued, a D. None of the Above
record should be made on a color charge-out which
is often called a Substitution Card or an Out Card 3. What is the rank of the PNP Chief of the
which takes the place of a file that has been Directorial Staff?
removed from the cabinet. A. 3 Star General
6. Personal records - A file showing the history of B. 2 Star General
each police officer, both prior and subsequent to C. 1 Star General
joining the force, is indispensable. D. None of the Above
7. Correspondence file - This consist of set or
records of communications classified, arranged and 4. This theory of Police service is followed by the
filed alphabetically by the subject to which they PNP.
pertain. A. Continental Theory
8. Modus operandi file - This consist of photographic B. Home Rule Theory
records of known criminals and describe the C. Modern Rule Theory
procedure how criminals commit crime. D. None of the Above
9. Cross reference - A notation put into a file to
indicate that a record is not stored in that file but in 5. Under this theory of police service, policemen are
some other location specified therein. It tells the considered servants of the community.
filer or searcher where to find the needed material. A. Continental Theory
10.Coding - Making an identifying mark on the item B. Home Rule Theory
to be stored to indicate what classifications it is to be C. Modern Rule Theory
filed . D. None of the Above
11. The accredited professional organization for
criminologists in the Philippines is the PCAP - 6. Under this theory of police service, policemen are
Professional Criminologist Association of the considered servants of the higher authority and
Philippines. people have little share or no share of all there
12.The Professional Criminologists Association of the duties nor any direct connection with them.
Philippines (PCAP) was accredited by PRC on March A. Continental Theory
25, 1990 as the professional organization for B. Home Rule Theory
criminologists in the country. C. Modern Rule Theory
13. The Board of Examiners for Criminology was D. None of the Above
created on July 1, 1972, pursuant to Republic Act No.
6506 entitled “An Act Creating the Board of 7. This concept of police service says that
Examiners for Criminologists in the Philippines and punishment is the sole instrument of crime control,
For Other Purposes.” throwing more people to jail rather than keeping
14. The first Board, constituted in 1987, was them out of jail.
composed of A. Old Concept
1. Dr. Sixto O. de Leon as Chairman B. Modern Concept
2. Atty. Virgilio B. Andres as member C. Community Concept
3. Jaime S. Navarro as member D. None of the Above
15.Republic Act No. 6506 - An Act Creating the
Board of Examiners for Criminologists in the 8. This concept of police service says that the
Philippines and for Other Purposes. yardstick of efficiency of police is the absence
16. Lourdes W. Aniceto - the present chairman of of crime.
the board of criminology. A. Old Concept
17. Ernesto V. Cabrera - the present member of the B. Modern Concept
board of criminology. C. Community Concept
D. None of the Above
1. B
2. C 9. This type of organizational structure divides
3. A authority between several specialist.
4. D A. Line Organization
5. D B. Functional Organization
6. A C. Line Staff Organization
7. D D. None of the Above
8. A
9. B 10.It is the simplest type of organizational
10. C structure,Channels of authority and responsibility
extends in a direct line from top to bottom within
the structure.
A. Line Organization B. Line and Staff principle
B. Functional Organization C. Principle of balance
C. Line staff Organization D. Principle of delegation result
D. None of the Above
9. To ensure the effectiveness of the structure in
Answer: meeting the organization's objective.
1. B A. Functional Principle
2. D B. Line and Staff principle
3. A C. Principle of balance
4. B D. Principle of delegation result expected
5. B
6. A 10.That which implies the system of varied
7. A functions, arrange into a workable pattern.
8. B A. Functional Principle
9. B B. Line and Staff principle
10. A C. Principle of balance
D. Principle of delegation result expected
Administration of Police Organization Reviewer 4
1. This type of organizational structure is found in Answer:
almost all police organization today. 1. C
A. Line Organization 2. A
B. Functional Organization 3. B
C. Line Staff Organization 4. C
D. None of the Above 5. A
6. B
2. An organization is effective if it enables the 7. C
individual to contribute to the organizations 8. A
objective. 9. C
A. Principle of Unity of Objective 10. B
B. Principle of Organizational efficiency
C. Scalar Principle Administration of Police Organization Review
D. Unity of Command Questions 5
1. The authority delegated should be adequate to
3. Organization is effective if it is structured in such a ensure the ability to accomplish expected result.
way to aid the accomplishment of the organization's A. Functional Principle
objective with a minimum cost. B. Line and Staff principle
A. Principle of Unity of Objective C. Principle of balance
B. Principle of Organizational efficiency D. Principle of delegation result expected
C. Scalar Principle
D. Unity of Command 2. The responsibility of the subordinates to their
superior for performance is absolute and superior
4. The vertical heirarchy of an organization which can not escape responsibility for the organization on
defines an unbroken chain of units from top to activities performed by their subordinates.
bottom describing explicitly the flow of authority. A. Principle of Absolute Responsibility
A. Principle of Unity of Objective B. Principle of balance
B. Principle of Organizational efficiency C. Principle of Parity and Responsibility
C. Scalar Principle D. Principle of delegation
D. Unity of Command
3. The responsibility for actions can not be greater
5. A subordinate should only follow the command of than that implied by the authority delegated nor
one superior. should it be less.
A. Unity of command A. Principle of Absolute Responsibility
B. Span of control B. Principle of balance
C. Delegation of authority C. Principle of Parity and Responsibility
D. Principle of balance D. Principle of delegation

6. The control of superior should not be more than 4. This law organized the Manila Police department.
what he can effectively direct. A. Act 183
A. Unity of command B. R.A. 8551
B. Span of control C. E.O. 1012
C. Delegation of authority D. E.O. 1040
D. Principle of balance
5. Transferred the operational supervision and
7. The assignment of authority and responsibility to direction over all INP units to the city and municipal
another person. government.
A. Unity of command A. Act 183
B. Span of control B. R.A. 8551
C. Delegation of authority C. E.O. 1012
D. Principle of balance D. E.O. 1040

8. Refers to the division of work according to type, 6. Transferred the administrative control and
place, time and specialization. supervision of the INP from Ministry of National
A. Functional Principle Defense to the office of the Napolcom.
A. Act 183 4. A PNP officer before eligible for promotion to the
B. R.A. 8551 rank of Senior Inspector must first secure what
C. E.O. 1012 mandatory training requirement.
D. E.O. 1040 A. General Staff Course
B. Officer Senior Executive Course
7. The Transfer of the administrative control and C. Officer Advance Course
supervision of the INP from Ministry of National D. Officer Basic Course
Defense to the office of the Napolcom took effect
on. 5. Before an officer is appointed to the rank of PNP
A. July 10, 1985 Inspector, He/She must finish what mandatory
B. July 10, 1986 training requirement?
C. July 10, 1987 A. General Staff Course
D. July 10, 1988 B. Officer Senior Executive Course
C. Officer Candidate Course
8. The Manila Police Department was organized on. D. Officer Basic Course
A. July 31, 1900
B. July 31, 1901 6. Before a PNP enlisted personnel is appointed to
C. July 31, 1902 the rank of SPO3 to SPO4, what mandatory training
D. July 31, 1903 requirement must he/she undertake?
A. Senior Leadership Course
9. Granted to those who possesses the mandatory B. Basic Leadership Course
promotional requirement. C. Public Safety Basic Course
A. Regular Promotion D. None of the Above
B. Special Promotion
C. A and B 7. Before a PNP enlisted personnel is appointed to
D. None of the Above the rank of PO2 to PO3, what mandatory training
requirement must he/she undertakes?
10.Extended to PNP members who acted A. Senior Leadership Course
conspicuously beyond and above the call of B. Basic Leadership Course
duty. C. Public Safety Basic Course
A. Regular Promotion D. None of the Above
B. Special Promotion
C. A and B 8. Highest award in the PNP.
D. None of the Above A. Medalya ng Kasanayan
B. Medalya ng Kabayanihan
Answer: C. Medalya ng Katapangan
1. D D. Medalya ng Kagitingan
2. A
3. C 9. PNP's mandatory retirement age.
4. A A. 55
5. C B. 56
6. D C. 60
7. A D. 65
8. B
9. A 10. Optional retirement requires the approval of the
10. B A. DILG Secretary
B. Napolcom
Administration of Police Organization Review C. Chief of the PNP
Questions 6 D. President of the Philippines
1. A PNP officer before eligible for promotion to the
rank of Senior Superintendent must first obtained Answer:
what mandatory training requirement? 1. A
A. General Staff Course 2. B
B. Officer Senior Executive Course 3. C
C. Officer Advance Course 4. D
D. Officer Basic Course 5. C
6. A
2. A PNP officer before eligible for promotion to the 7. C
rank of Superintendent must first secure what 8. D
mandatory training requirement? 25
A. General Staff Course 9. B
B. Officer Senior Executive Course 10. B
C. Officer Advance Course
D. Officer Basic Course Note:
Mandatory Promotional Requirement
3. A PNP officer before eligible for promotion to the 1. Educational Attainment
rank of Chief Inspector must first secure what 2. Time in Grade
mandatory training requirement. 3. Eligibility
A. General Staff Course 4. Mandatory Training Requirement
B. Officer Senior Executive Course 5. Performance Evaluation Rating
C. Officer Advance Course 6. Awards and Commendations Received
D. Officer Basic Course 7. Clearances
Mandatory Training Requirement
1. Senior Superintendent - GSC (General Staff
Course, MNSA, or MPSA (Master in Public Safety
Administration)
2. Superintendent - OSEC (Officer Senior Executive
Course)
3. Chief Inspector - Officer Advance Course
4. Senior Inspector - Officer Basic Course
5. Inspector - Officer Candidate Course
6. SPO3 to SPO4 - Senior Leadership Course
7. SPO1 to SPO2 - Basic leadership Course
8. PO2 to PO3 - Public safety Basic Course
Performance Evaluation Rating - made by supervisor
twice a year. January to June, July to December
5 - Outstanding
4 - Very Satisfactory
3 - Satisfactory
2 - Fair
1 – Poor
Administration of Police Organization Definition of
Terms
Area - a section or territorial division of a large city
each composed of designated districts.
Beat - an area designated for patrol purposes
whether on foot or motorized.
Bureau - largest organic unit within a large
department.
Commanding Officer- an officer who is in command
of the department, a bureau, a division, an area, or a
district.
Department Rules - rules established by department
directors\superiors to control the conduct of the
members of the police force.
District - a geographical subdivision of a city for
patrol purposes usually with its own station.
Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.
Duty Manual - describes the procedures and defines
the duties ofofficers assigned to specified post or
position.
Formal Organization - is defined as those
organizations that areformally established for
explicit purpose of achieving certain goals.
Functional Organization - The functional
responsibility of each functional manager is
limited to the particular activity over which he has
control, regardless of who performs the function.
Henry Allen - a captain, first chief of the
constabulary.
Informal Organization - are those sharing the basic
characteristic of all organizations arise through the
social interactions of individuals or through family
grouping.
Leave of Absence- period, which an officer is
excused from active duty by any valid reason,
approved by higher authority.
Length of Service- the period of time that has
elapsed since the oath of office was
administered.Previous active services may be
included or added.
Line Organization - is the simplest and the oldest
types of organization where responsibility extends in
a direct line from top to bottom within the
structures and authority is definite and absolute.
line and staff organization is a combination of the
line and functional types.
Off Duty - the nature of which the police officer is
free from specific routine duty.
On Duty - the period when an officer is actively
engaged in the performance of his duty.
Order – an instruction given by a ranking officer to a
subordinate.
Organization - It is a form of human association for
the attainment of goal or objective.
patrol officer - is the backbone of the police
department.
PD 765 - created the PC-INP.
Police - is a branch of the criminal justice system
that has the specific responsibility of maintaining law
and order and combating crime within the society.
Police organization - is a group of trained personnel
in the field of public safety administration engaged
in the achievement of goals and objectives that
promotes the maintenance of crimes.
Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is
assigned for duty, such as a designated desk or office
or an intersection or cross walk from traffic duty .It is
a spot location for general guard duty.
Ranking Officer- the officer who has the senior rank
in a team or group.
RA 4864 - established Napolcom.Known as police act
of 1966.
Rafael Crame – first filipino chief of the
constabulary.
Report - usually a written communication unless
otherwise specifies to be verbal reports;
verbalreports should be confirmed by written
communication.
Route - (line beat) a length of street designated for
patrol purposes.
Section - functional units within a division.
Sector - an area containing two or more beat, route,
or post.
Sick leave - period which an officer is excused from
active duty by reason of illness or injury.
Special Duty - the police service, its nature, which
requires that the officer be excused from the
performance of his active regular duty.
Superior Officer- one having supervisory
responsibilities, either temporarily or permanently,
over officers of lower rank.
Suspension - a consequence of an act which
temporarily deprives an officer from the privilege of
performing his duties as result of violating directives
or other department regulations.
Sworn Officers - all personnel of the police
department who have taken oath and who
posses the power to arrest.
Unit - functional group within a section; or the
smallest functional group within an organization.
Patrol Organization and Operation
Patrol - from french patrouiller - to paddle, paw
about, patrol.
- keep watch over an area by regularly walking or
traveling around or through it.
- a person or group of people sent to keep watch
over an area.
Patrol officers - are uniformed officers assigned to
monitor specific geographical
areas, that is to move through their areas at regular
intervals looking out for any signs
of problems of any kind.
History of Patrol
1. Ancient China - law enforcement was carried out
by prefect. Prefects were government officials
appointed by local magistrates who reported to
higher authorities such as the governors who in turn
were appointed by head of state usually the
emperor of the dynasty.
2. Ancient Greece - publicly owned slaves were used
by magistrates as police.In
Athens, a group of 300 Scythian slaves (rod-bearers)
was used to guard public
meetings to keep order and for crowd control and
also assisted with dealing with criminal, handling
prisoners and making arrests.
3. Roman empire - the army rather than a dedicated
police organization provided security. Local
watchmen were hired by cities to provide some
extra security.Magistrates such as procurators,
fiscals and quaestros investigated crime. Under the
reign of Augustus, 14 wards were created, the wards
were protected by seven squads of 1000 men called
vigiles who acted as firemen and night watchmen.
Their duties included apprehending thieves and
robbers and capturing run away slaves.
The vigiles were supported by the urban cohorts
who acted as a heavy duty riot
force and praetorian guard if necessary.
praetorian guard - bodyguards used by roman
emperors.
urban cohorts - were created by Augustus to
counter balance the enormous power of the
praetorian guard in the city of Rome and serve as
the police force.
vigiles - (watchmen of the city) - were the
firefighters and police of ancient Rome.
ward - a subdivision of a municipality.
4. Medieval England - the Anglo-Saxon system of
maintaining public order since the Norman conquest
was a private system of tithing, led by a constable to
enforce the law.
tithing - was a grouping of 10 households.
constable - is a person holding a particular office
most commonly in law enforcement. The office of
constable can vary significantly in different
jurisdiction.
5. Spain - modern police in Europe has a precedent
in the Hermandus or (brotherhood)
- peace keeping association of individuals, a
characteristic of municipal life in medieval
Spain. The first recorded case of the formation of the
hermandad occurred when the towns and the
peasantry of the north united to police the pilgrim
road to Santiago de compostela in galicia and
protect the pilgrims against robber knights.
6. France - The first police force in the modern sense
was created by the government of king Louis XIV in
1667 to police the city of Paris, then the largest city
in Europe.
7. Britain and Ireland - in England, a system of
sheriffs, reeves and investigative juries to provide
basic security and law enforcement.
Sheriff - is a contraction of the term "shire-reeve" -
designated a royal official
responsible for keeping the peace through out a
shire or county on behalf of the king.
Reeve - a senior official with local responsibilities
under the crown. ex., chief magistrate of a town or
district.
Shire - traditional term for a division of land in the
UK and Australia.
Jury - is a sworn body of people convened to
render impartial verdict officially submitted to them
by a court or to set a penalty or judgement.
Thief taker - a private individual hired to capture
criminal.
Bow street runners - London's first professional
police force.
Henry Fielding - a magistrate educated at Elton
college who founded the Bow
street runners originally numbered just six.
Statute of Winchester - in 1285, obliged the
authorities of every town to keep
a watch at the city gates and arrest all suspicious
night walkers.
Sir Robert Peel - prime minister of England from
Dec. 1834 to April 1835 and
again From Aug.1841 to June 1846. While home
secretary, help create the modern concept of the
police force leading to officers being known as
bobbies in England and peelers in Ireland.
Patrick Colquhoun - (1745 - 1820) - a Scottish
merchant and a magistrate who
founded the first regular preventive police force in
England, the Thames river police.
8. In the US - the first city police services were
established in Philadelphia in 1751, Boston 1838 and
new york 1845.
August Vollmer - first police chief of Berkeley
California. He is sometimes called the father of
modern law enforcement in the US.
1. He was the first chief to require that police
officers attain college degrees.
2. First police chief to create a motorized force
placing officers on
motorcycles and cars so that they could patrol
broader areas with greater efficiency .
3. He was also the first to use the lie detector in
police work.
O.W. Wilson - studied under August Vollmer.
Became Chief of Police of the
Fullerton police department. He also became chief of
police of the Wichita police
department. He introduced the following reforms
and innovations:
1. requires new policeman to have college
education.
2. use of police car for patrol, mobile radios and use
of a mobile crime laboratory.
3. he believe that the use of a two way radio allowed
better supervision of patrol officers.
What are the 3 main task of supervision?
1. Organize - means planning the work of the
department and of the personnel in an orderly
manner.
2. Delegate - means giving someone else the
responsibility and authority to do something. The
supervisor confers upon a subordinate officer the
same authority and responsibility that the supervisor
possesses to accomplish the specific task The
supervisor remain responsible for the completion of
the delegated task.
3. Oversee - means that the supervisor ensures that
the work that has been organized and delegated is
satisfactorily completed.
Community policing - is the process by which an
organized group of citizens devoted a time to crime
prevention within a neighborhood. When suspecting
criminal activities, members are encourage to
contact the authorities and not to intervene.
Beat patrol - the deployment of officers in a given
community, area or locality to prevent and deter
criminal activity and to provide day to day services to
the community.
Sting Operations - organized groups of detectives
who deceived criminals into openly committing
illegal acts of conspiring to engage in criminal
activity.
Hotspots of Crime - the view that a significant
portion of all police calls in cities
typically radiate from a relatively few locations.
Models of Policing
1. Neighborhood Oriented Policing - a philosophy of
police suggesting that problem
solving is best done at the neighborhood level,
where issues originate not at a far-off central
headquarters.
2. Pro Active Policing - aggressive law enforcement
style in which patrol officers take the initiative
against crime instead of waiting for criminal acts to
occur.
3. Problem Oriented Policing - a style of police
management that stresses pro active problem
solving instead of reactive crime fighting.
4.Community Oriented Policing - programs designed
to bring the police and the public closer together
and create more cooperative working environment
between them.
5. Reactive Policing - the opposite of Pro Active
policing where the police wait for crime to occur.
Blue Curtain - describes the secrecy and insulation
from others in society that is a
consequence of the police subculture.
Cynicism - the belief that most peoples actions are
motivated solely by personal needs and selfishness.
Civilian Review Board - ex. PLEB - organized citizen
groups that examine police misconduct.
Watchman - style of policing characterized by an
emphasis on maintaining public order.
Fleeing Felon Rule - the oldest standard relating to
the use of deadly force.
Beats - designated police patrol areas.
Internal Affairs - unit that investigates allegations of
police misconduct.
Deadly Force - police killing of a suspect who resists
arrest or presents a danger to an
officer or the community.
Booking - the administrative record of an arrest
listing the offenders name, address,
physical description, date of birth, time of arrest,
offense and name of arresting officer.
It also include photographing and fingerprinting of
the offender.
Line Up - placing a suspect in a group for the
purpose of being viewed and identified by a witness.
Stop and Frisk - the situation in which police officers
who are suspicious of an individual run their hands
lightly over the suspects outer garments to
determine if the person is carrying a concealed
weapon. Also called Inquiry of Pat Down.
Foot Patrol - police patrol that takes officer out of
cars and puts them in walking beat to strengthen
ties with the community.
Excited Delirium - an overdose of adrenaline that
can occur in heated confrontation
with the police.
* Patrol reduces crime by creating an impression of
omnipresence.
Responding to Crime - total response time is
comprised of four dimensions.
1. Discovery Time - interval between the commission
of the crime and its discovery.
2. Reporting Time - interval between the discovery
of the crime and when it is reported to the police.
3. Processing Time - interval between receiving the
call and dispatching the officers for service.
4. Travel time - the amount of time it takes for the
police to travel to the scene of the crime.
The Phantom Effect - "residual deterrence" most
people believe that the police is
present even when the are not in sight.
Sworn Date - the date that a sworn employee took
the oath of office for their position.
Advantages of Foot/Bicycle Patrol
1. Increased personal contact between the police
and citizen.
2. Increased observation ability.
3. Increased ability to gather information
4. Economical
Advantages of Motorized Patrol
1. Increased speed and mobility
2. Increased conspicuousness
3. Availability of additional equipment
4. Increased transportation capability
5. Deceased response time
6. Communications
Basic Preventive Patrol Methods Utilized by an
Officer
1. Frequent check and contact with business
premises
2. Frequent check of suspicious persons
3. Fluctuating patrol patterns
4. Maintenance of visibility and personal contact
5. Daily individual patrol and community action plan
Factors to be Considered in Becoming Familiar with
the Community
1. General population information
2. Appropriate geographical information
3. Recent criminal activity
4. Specific factors that may influence patrol
functions ex. location of hospitals, high
crime areas,
community habits.
How to Prepare for a Normal Patrol Shift
1. Gathering information through crime reports and
briefings
2. Gathering needed materials ex. report forms,
citation books
3. Obtaining and checking equipment
4. Planning work around identified priorities
5. Preparing daily patrol and community action plan
What an Officer on Night time Patrol Should be
Looking for
1. broken glasses
2. open doors and windows
3. pry marks
4. suspicious vehicles
5. persons on foot
6. differences in normal lighting (on or Off)
7. unusual sounds
8. access to roof tops or upper floors
Definition of Terms
1. Section - a primary subdivision of a bureau with a
department wide responsibility for
providing a
specific specialized functions.
33
2. Unit - a subdivision of a section usually small in
size with personnel assigned to
perform a
specialized activity, one or two employees
performing assigned work.
3. Squad - a subdivision of a unit.
4. Detail - a subdivision of a squad.
5. Precinct -the primary geographic subdivision of
the patrol operation bureau.
6. Sector - the primary geographic subdivision of a
precinct, supervised by a
sergeant.
7. Beat - the primary subdivision of a sector.
8. Watch/Shift - one of several tours of duty.
9. Post - a fixed geographic location usually assigned
to an individual officer.
10.Task Force - an adhoc work group normally a. Policeman became public servant
established by bureau commander to b. The Police has a broad power of arrest
respond to a specific incident or series of related c. Grand Jury was created to inquire on the
incidents. Task Force assignment is temporary. violations of the law.
11.Chief of Police - overall commander of the A. Statute of 1295
department. B. Star Chamber Court
12.Chain of Command - a fundamental component C. Legies Henry
of proper supervision.The chain of D. Magna Carta
command
requires that each employee reports and is 10. Shire means
accountable to only one direct A. Ruler
supervisor. B. District
C. Police
Patrol Organization and Operation Reviewer 1 D. Judge
1. Sir Robert Peel introduced the Metropolitan Police
Act and passed 11. Reeve means
by the parliament of England on A. Ruler
A. 1828 B. District
B. 1829 C. Police
C. 1830 D. Judge
D. 1831
Answer:
2. Considered as the father of modern policing 1. B
system. 2. A
A. Sir Robert Peel 3. A
B. August Vollmer 35
C. Edgar Hoover 4. A
D. Henry Armstrong 5. A
6. A
3. In the principles of law enforcement enunciated 7. B
by Sir Robert Peel, the basic mission of the police is 8. D
A. Prevention of crime 9. C
B. Enforcement of the law 10. B
C. Maintenance of peace and order 11. A
D. None of the above
Patrol Organization and Operation Reviewer 2
4. One of the feature of this act is that no freeman 1. A round line or district area regularly traversed by
shall be taken or imprisoned except by the judgment foot
of his peer police patrol.
A. Magna Carta A. Bureau
B. Statute of 1295 B. Division
C. Legies Henry C. Section
D. None of the above D. Beat

5. The closing of gates of London during sun down. 2. One of the advantage of this patrol is that the
This mark the beginning of the curfew hours patrolman knows the area and people in his beat.
A. Statute of 1295 A. Bicycle Patrol
B. Statute of 1775 B. Horse Patrol
C. Statute of 1827 C. Motorized Patrol
D. Statute of 1834 D. Foot Patrol

6. A Position having power to arrest, punish, and 3. Backbone of the police service in the community.
imposes imprisonment. A. Police Intelligence
A. Justice of the Peace B. Police Investigation
B. Sheriff C. Police Patrol
C. Star Chamber Court D. None of the above
D. traveling Judge
4. One of the following types of police patrol is
7. A Special Court that tried cases against the state. currently not used in the Philippines.
A. Shire-Reeve A. Mobile Patrol
B. Star Chamber Court B. Foot Patrol
C. Magna Carta C. Animal Patrol
D. Legies Henry D. Aircraft Patrol
5. It is the largest segment of a police station.
8. He is held responsible in passing judgment that A. Police Patrol
was taken from the shire-reeve in view of some B. Police Investigation
abuses. C. Police Intelligence
A. Legies Henry D. None of the Above
B. star Chamber Court 6. From the time of the receipt of the call by the
C. Justice of the Peace police
D. Traveling Judge dispatcher to the arrival of the mobile patrol at the
9. An Act enacted in England with the following scene.
features: A. Response Time
B. Preparation Time C. Henry Fielding
C. Speed Time D. None of the Above
D. None of the Above
5. Required all men in a given town to serve on the
7. Which of the following kind of patrol is most night watch.
effective in parade and crowd control. A. Hue and Cry
A. Foot Patrol B. Shires
B. Horse Patrol C. Parish constable
C. Mobile Patrol D. Watch and Ward
D. Aircraft Patrol
6. Ten tithings or 100 families under the charge of a
8. One of the advantage of this kind of patrol is constable.
stealth silence for movement. A. Shire
A. Foot Patrol B. Parish Constable
B. Bicycle Patrol C. Beadies
C. Mobile Patrol D. Hundred
D. Horse Patrol
7. Groups of hundreds within a specific geographic
9. An electronic equipment that has helped the area.They were put under the control of the King
police in its record, storage, and location system. and were governed by a shire-reeve or sheriff.
A. Walkie Talkie A. Shires
B. Vault B. Parish Constable
C. File Room C. Beadies
D. Computer D. Tithings

10. One electronic gadget or equipment that has 8. Ten families who grouped together to protect one
assisted immediately the police investigation and another and to assume responsibility for the acts of
interrogation in his work. the group member.
A. Walkie Talkie A. Hundred
B. Tape Recorder B. Shires
C. Computer C. Tithings
D. None of the Above D. Beadies

Answer: 9. Enacted in 1285 in England, it established a

1. D rudimentary criminal justice system in which most of
2. D the responsibility for law enforcement remained
3. C with the people themselves.
4. D A. The Hue and Cry
5. A B. shire-reeve
6. A C. Statute of Winchester
7. B D. Magna carta
8. B
9. D 10.He was responsible for organizing and supervising
10. B the watch
A. Shire-reeve
Patrol Organization Reviewer 3 B. Shire
1. Backbone of the police department. C. Magistrate
A. Intelligence D. Parish Constable
B. Patrol
C. Investigation Answer:
D. Vice Control 1. B
2. B
2. Established the fist English police department, the 3. A
London metropolitan police in 1829. 4. A
A. O.W Wilson 5. D
B. Sir Robert Peel 6. D
C. Henry Fielding 7. A
D. None of the Above 8. C
9. C
3. He laid the foundation for the first modern police 10.D
force. he was appointed magistrate in Westminster
in 1748. Patrol Organization and Operation Reviewer 4
A. Henry Fielding 1. He assisted the justices of the peace by presiding
B. Sir Robert Peel the courts, ordering arrest, calling
C. O.W. Wilson witnesses and examining prisoners
D. None of the Above A. Parish Constable
B. Sheriff
4. A Chicago Police department superintendent, he C. Magistrates
introduced a one man mobile patrol except in ghetto D. Shire
and crime ridden section of the city. The rationale is
that help is a microphone away. 2. This office was created to assist the shire-reeve in
A. O.W. Wilson non urban areas
B. Sir Robert Peel A. Justice of the Peace
B. Parish Constable 4. D
C. Magistrates 5. D
D. Watchmen 6. A
7. C
3. This office was created to assist the shire-reeve in 8. D
urban areas. 9. B
A. Justice of the Peace 10. C
B. Parish Constable
C. Magistrates Patrol Organization and Operation Reviewer 5
D. Watchmen 1. An area containing two or more beat, route, or
post.
4. Patrolling the streets from dusk till dawn to insure A. Sector
that all local people were indoors and quite and to B. District
insure that no strangers were roaming around. C. Area
A. Justice of the peace D. None of the Above
B. Parish Constable
C. Magistrates 2. A geographical subdivision of a city for patrol
D. Watchmen purposes usually with its own station.
A. Sector
5. A system of apprehending criminals whereby a B. District
complainant goes in the middle of the C. Area
street and shout at the top of his voice calling all D. None of the Above
males to assemble and indicates the
whereabouts of the culprit. 3. A section or territorial division of a large city each
A. Royal Judge composed of designated districts.
B. Magistrates A. Sector
C. Watchmen B. District
D. Hue and Cry C. Area
D. None of the Above
6. He conducts Criminal investigation and give
punishment. 4. All personnel of the police department who have
A. Royal Judge taken oath.
B. Magistrate A. Duty officer
C. Watchmen B. Subordinate officer
D. Parish Constable C. Sworn officer
D. Commanding officer
7. Suspects were required to place their hands in
boiling water. When not hurt, he will be acquitted, if 5. Describes the procedure that defines the duties of
not he is guilty of the crime. officers assigned to specific post or position.
A. Hue and Cry A. Duty Manual
B. Shire B. Mission Order
C. Trial by Ordeal C. Special Order
D. None of the Above D. Office Manual

8. An Anglo-saxon period of policing system where 6. The Japanese Military Police.

the residents themselves were required to preserve A. Kempetai
the peace and order and protect life and properties B. Sepuko
of the people. C. Arigato
A. Hue and Cry D. Kimchi
B. Royal Judge
C. Trial by ordeal 7. The Manila Police Department was formally
D. Tun policing system organized on this date.
A. July 31, 1901
9. The cooperative human effort to achieve the B. July 31. 1902
purpose of criminal justice system. C. August 1, 1901
A. Civil Administration D. August 1, 1902
B. Police Administration
C. Patrol Administration 8. The PC (Philippine Constabulary) was organized as
D. None of the above the first insular police force on this date.
A. July 31, 1901
10.This law established the Napolcom under the B. July 31, 1902
office of the President. It is also known C. August 1, 1901
as the Police Act of 1966. D. August 1, 1902
A. R.A. 6975
B. C.A. 181 9. The First Chief of the PC (Philippine Constabulary).
C. R.A. 4864 A. Ronald John Hay
D. R.A. 4668 B. Henry Allen
C. George Cury
Answer: D. John Burnham
1. C
40 10. The First chief of police of Manila.
2. A A. Henry Allen
3. B B. George Cury
C. Howard Taft intelligence objectives when normal police
D. Tomas Clark operations fail.
command post/holding area - area where case
Answer: conferences, briefings and
1. A debriefings are being conducted by the responding
2. B agencies.
3. C dragnet operation - is a police operation purposely
4. C to seal off the probable exit
5. A points of fleeing suspect from the crime scene to
6. A prevent their escape.
7. A Management or Administrative Functions
8. C 1. Planning
9. B 2. Organizing
10. B 3. Directing
4. Controlling
Police Operational Planning 5. Staffing
Police Operational Planning - the act of determining 6. Reporting
policies and guidelines for 7. Budgeting
police activities and operations and providing
controls and safeguards for such activities Guidelines in Planning
and operations in the department. Involvesstrategies 1. What - mission/objective
or tactics, procedures, policies or 2. Why - reason/philosophy
guidelines. 3. When - date/time
Operational Planning - the use of rational design or 4. where - place
patten for all departmental 5. How - strategy/methods
undertakings rather than relying on chance in an Characteristics of a Good Plan
operational environment. The 1. A Plan must have a clearly defined objective
preparation and development of procedures and 2. A Plan must be simple, direct and clear
techniques in accomplishing each of 3. A Plan must be flexible
4. A Plan must be attainable
the primary tasks and functions of an organization. 5. A Plan must provide standards of operation
Police Planning - an attempt by police 6. A Plan must be economical in terms of resources
administrators in trying to allocate anticipated needed for implementation.
resources to meet anticipated service demands. The Types of Plan
systematic and orderly 1. Procedural/Policy Plan
determination of facts and events as basis for 2. Operational Plan
policyformulation and decision 3. Tactical Plan
making affecting law enforcement management. 4. Administrative/Management Plan
Planning - the determination in advance of how the 5. Extra-Departmental Plan
objectives of the organization will
be attained; involves the determination of a course Police Operational Planning Reviewer 1
of action to take in performing a 1. The determination in advance of how the
particular function or activity. The process of objectives of the organization will be
developing methods or procedures or an attained.
arrangement of parts intended to facilitate the A. Planning
accomplishment of a definite objective. B. Organizing
The process of deciding in advance what is to be C. Directing
done and how it is to be done. D. Controlling
Plan - an organized schedule or sequence by
methodical activities intended to attain a 2. involves the determination and allocation of the
goal or objectives for the accomplishment of mission men and women as well as the
or assignment. A method or way resource of an organization to achieve pre-
of doing something in order to attain objectives and determined goals or objectives of the
provides answers to the 5Ws and 1H. organization.
Strategy - a broad design or method or a plan to A. Planning
attain a stated goal or objective. B. Organizing
Tactics - are specific design, method or a course of C. Directing
action to attain a particular D. Controlling
objective in consonance with strategy.
Procedures - are sequences of activities to reach a 3. It involves the overseeing and supervising of the
point or to attain what is desired. human resources and the various
Policy - a course of action which could be a program activities in an organization to achieve through
of actions adopted by an individual, group, cooperative efforts the predetermined
organization or government or the set of goals or objectives of the organization.
principles on which they are based. A. Planning
case operational plan (COPLAN) - a definite target B. Organizing
- specific activity C. Directing
conducted in relation to an intelligence project D. Controlling
under which it is affected. Several
case operations may fall under one intelligence 4. It involves the checking or evaluation and
project.- refers to a preparatory measurement of work performance and
plan on how to carry out a case operation which is
the last resort to pursue
comparing it with planned goals or objectives of the A. Goal
organization, and making the necessary corrective B. Objective
actions so that work is accomplished as planned. C. Plan
A. Planning D. Strategy
B. Organizing
C. Directing 2. Specific commitment to achieve a measurable
D. Controlling result within a specific period of time.
A. Goal
5. The task of providing competent men to do the B. Objective
job and choosing the right men for C. Plan
the right job-involves good selection and processing D. Strategy
of reliable and well-trained
personnel. 3. An organize schedule or sequence by methodical
A. Staffing activities intended to attain a goal
B. Reporting and objectives for the
C. Budgeting accomplishment of mission or assignment.
D. Controlling A. Goal
6. The making of detailed account of activities, work B. Objective
progress, investigations and C. Plan
unusual in order to keepevery one informed or what D. Strategy
is going on.
A. Staffing 4. Is an attempt by administration to allocate
B. Reporting anticipated resources to meet anticipated
C. Budgeting service demands.
D. Controlling A. Police Planning
7. The forecasting in detail of the results of an B. Planning
officially recognized program of C. Strategy
operations based onthe highest reasonable D. Plan
expectations of operatingefficiency.
A. Staffing 5. A process of preparing for change and copping
B. Reporting uncertainty formulating future causes
C. Budgeting of action, the process of determining the problem of
D. Controlling the organization coming up with
8. This is intended to be used in all situations of all proposed resolution and finding best solution.
kinds, which shall be outlined to A. Police Planning
guide officers and men in the field. B. Planning
A. Field Procedure C. Strategy
B. Headquarter's Procedure D. Plan
C. Special Operating Procedure
D. None of the Above 6. It is a broad design, method, a plan to attain a
9. To be included in these procedures are the duties stated goal or objective.
of the dispatcher, jailer, matron, A. Police Planning
and other personnel concerned, which may be B. Planning
reflected in the duty manual. It also C. Strategy
involves coordinated action on activity of several D. Plan
offices.
A. Field Procedure 7. It is a specific design, method, or course of action
B. Headquarter's Procedure to attain a particular objective in accordance with
C. Special Operating Procedure strategy.
D. None of the Above A. Tactic
10.Certain special operations also necessitate the B. Procedure
preparation of procedures as guides. C. Policy
A. Field Procedure D. Guidelines
B. Headquarter's Procedure
C. Special Operating Procedure 8. A sequence of activities to reach a point or to
D. None of the Above attain that which is desired.
A. Tactic
Answer: B. Procedure
45 C. Policy
1. A D. Guidelines
2. B
3. C 9. A product of prudence or wisdom in the
4. D management of human affairs.
5. A A. Tactic
6. B B. Procedure
7. C C. Policy
8. A D. Guidelines
9. B
10. C 10.A rule of action for the rank and file to show
them and they are expected to obtain
Police Operational Planning Reviewer 2 the desired effect.
1. A general statement of intention and typically A. Tactic
with a time horizon. B. Procedure
C. Policy and suppression and security and public safety
D. Guidelines operations.
A. Fundamental Doctrine
Answer: B. Operational Doctrine
1. A C. Functional Doctrine
2. B D. None of the Above
3. C
4. A 8. This provides guidance for special activities of the
5. B PNP in the broad field of interest such as personnel,
6. C intelligence, operations, logistics, planning.
7. A A. Fundamental Doctrine
8. B B. Operational Doctrine
9. C C. Functional Doctrine
10. D D. None of the Above

Police Operational Planning Reviewer 3 9. Doctrine formulated jointly by two or more

1. Set of procedure to meet varying degree of bureau in order to effect a certain operation with
emergency while at the same regard to public safety and peace and order.
time providing continuing police coverage of areas A. Fundamental Doctrine
not affected by the emergency. B. Operational Doctrine
A. General Emergency Plan C. Complimentary Doctrine
B. Specific Emergency Plan D. Ethical Doctrine
C. Policy
D. Guidelines 10.It defines the fundamental principle governing
the rules of conduct, attitude, behavior and ethical
2. A sub-type of plan to meet unusual needs which is norm of the PNP.
similar to general emergency plan A. Fundamental Doctrine
but it is basically to certain specific situation. B. Operational Doctrine
A. General Emergency Plan C. Complimentary Doctrine
B. Specific Emergency Plan D. Ethical Doctrine
C. Policy
D. Guidelines Answer:
1. A
3. It relates to plans which are strategic or long 2. B
range in application, it determine the 3. A
organizations original goals and strategy. 4. B
A. Strategic plan 5. C
B. Intermediate plan 6. A
C. Operational plan 7. B
D. None of the Above 8. C
9. C
4. It relates to plans which determine quantity and 10. D
quality efforts and accomplishment. It refers to the
process of determining the contribution on efforts Notes:
that can make or provide with allocated resources. 1. Index Crimes - crimes against person
A. Strategic plan 2. Non Index Crimes - crimes against properties
B. Intermediate plan 3. Characteristics of a good plan - SMART
C. Operational plan a. Simple
D. None of the Above b. Measurable
c. Attainable
5. It refers to the production of plans which d. Realistic
determines the schedule of special activity and are e. Time Bound
applicable from one week to less than a year
duration. Police Operational Planning Reviewer 4
A. Strategic plan 1. An organization is more effective if it enables the
B. Intermediate plan individual to contribute to the organization.
C. Operational plan A. Principle of Unity of Objective
D. None of the Above B. Principle of Organizational Efficiency
C. The Scalar Principle
6. It is the basic principle in planning, organizing, and D. Functional Principle
management of the PNP in support of the overall
pursuit of the PNP vision, mission, and strategic 2. Organizations structure is effective if it is
action plan of the national objective. structured to aid the accomplishment of
A. Fundamental Doctrine organizations objective with minimum cost.
B. Operational Doctrine A. Principle of Unity of Objective
C. Functional Doctrine B. Principle of Organizational Efficiency
D. None of the Above C. The Scalar Principle
D. Functional Principle
7. The principles and rules governing the planning,
organization, direction, and employment of the PNP 3. The vertical hierarchy of the organization which
forces in the accomplishment of basic mission of defines an unbroken chain of scale of units from top
maintenance of peace and order, crime prevention to bottom describing explicitly the flow of authority.
A. Principle of Unity of Objective
B. Principle of Organizational Efficiency Notes:
C. The Scalar Principle 1. Scalar Principle
D. Functional Principle a. Unity of Command
b. Span of Control
4. This implies a system of varied function arranged c. Delegation of Authority
into a workable pattern. The line organization refers d. Chain of Command
to the direct accomplishment of the objective. The 2. Five Approaches in Planning
staff refers to the line organization which is an a. Synoptic Planning
advisory or facilitative capacity. - feasibility study
A. Principle of Unity of Objective - acceptability study
B. Principle of Organizational Efficiency - cost effective analysis
C. The Scalar Principle b. Must and Wants analysis
D. Functional Principle c. Incremental Planning
d. Trans-active Planning
5. The right to exercise, decide and command by e. Advocacy Planning
virtue of rank and position. Police Operational Planning Reviewer 5
A. Authority 1. Standard Operating procedures shall be planned
B. Doctrine to guide members in routine and field operations
C. Discipline and in some special operations.
D. None of the Above A. Policy/Procedural Plan
B. Operational Plan
6. It provides for the organizations objectives, it C. Tactical Plan
provides the various actions, hence, D. Extra-Office Plan
policies, procedures, rules, and regulation of the
organization are based on 2. Procedures for coping with specific situations at
the statement of doctrines. known locations.
A. Authority A. Policy/Procedural Plan
B. Doctrine B. Operational Plan
C. Discipline C. Tactical Plan
D. None of the Above D. Extra-Office Plan

7. It is imposed by command or self restraint to 3. Plans for the operation of special divisions like
insure supportive behavior. patrol, detective, traffic, vice and
A. Authority juvenile control division.
B. Doctrine A. Policy/Procedural Plan
C. Discipline B. Operational Plan
D. None of the Above C. Tactical Plan
D. Extra-Office Plan
8. Procedures for coping with specific situations and
locations. 4. The active interest and participation of individual
A. Procedural Plan office is so vital to the success of
B. Tactical Plan the integrated police programs tha the integrated
C. Operational Plan police shall continually seek to motivate, promote
D. Extra-Office Plan and maintain an active public concern in its affairs.
A. Policy/Procedural Plan
9. Plans for the operation of special divisions like B. Operational Plan
patrol, detective, traffic, vice, and juvenile control C. Tactical Plan
division. D. Extra-Office Plan
A. Procedural Plan
B. Tactical Plan 5. It shall map out in advance all operations involved
C. Operational Plan in the organizations management of personnel and
D. Extra-Office Plan material and in the procurement and disbursement
of money.
10. Standard operating procedures shall be planned A. Policy/Procedural Plan
to guide members in routine and field operations B. Operational Plan
and in some special operations. C. Management Plan
A. Procedural Plan D. Extra-Office Plan
B. Tactical Plan
C. Operational Plan 6. Forecasting future events and determining the
D. Extra-Office Plan most effective future activities for the company.
A. Planning
Answer: B. Organizing
1. A C. Commanding
2. B D. Coordinating
3. C
4. D 7. Consist of the ways in which the organizational
5. A structure is established and how the authority and
6. B responsibility are given to managers a tasked called
7. C delegation.
8. B A. Planning
9. C B. Organizing
10. A C. Commanding
D. Coordinating
8. Managers must supervise subordinates in their analyze information which is used to that
daily work, and inspire them to achieve company organization.
goals. Likewise it is the responsibility of managers to Counter Intelligence - refers to effort made by
communicate company goals and policies to intelligence organizations to prevent
subordinates. hostile or enemy intelligence organization from
A. Planning successfully gathering and collecting
B. Organizing intelligence against them.
C. Commanding Human Intelligence - category of intelligence
D. Coordinating derived from information collected and
provided by human sources.
9. Concerned with activities designed to create a Dead Drop/Dead Letter Box - is a method of
relationship between all the organizations efforts espionage trade craft used to
and individual task. pass items between 2 individuals using a secret
A. Planning location and thus not require to meet
B. Organizing directly.
C. Commanding Live Drop - 2 persons meet to exchange items or
D. Coordinating information.
Dead Drop Spike - is a concealment device used to
10. It is a manager's duty to observe and report hide
deviations from plans and objectives, and to make money,maps,documents,microfilm and other items.
initiatives to correct potential deviations. Cut-Out - is a mutually trusted intermediary,method
A. Planning or channel of
B. Organizing communication,facilitating the exchange of
C. Controlling information between agents.
D. Coordinating Espionage/Spying - involves a government or
individual obtaining information that is
Answer: considered secret of confidential without the
1. A permission of the holder of the
2. C information.
3. B Agent Handling - is the management of
4. D agents,principal agents and agent networks
5. C by intelligence officers typically known as case
6. A officers.
7. B Case Officer - is an intelligence officer who is trained
8. C specialist in the management of
9. D agents and agent network.
10. C Agent - acts on behalf of another whether
individual,organization
Notes: orforeign government, works under the direction of
1. Types of Plans a principal agent or case officer.
a. Policy/Procedural Plan Cryptography - is the practice and study of
b. Tactical plan techniques for secure communication in
c. Operational Plan the presence of third parties called adversaries.
d. Extra-Office Plan 54
e. Management Plan Eaves Dropping - Is the act of secretly listening to
2. Henry Fayol - (1841 - 1926) - concern was the private conversation of others
efficiency and without their consent.
effectiveness of the entire organization Propaganda - is a form of communication that is
characterized by aimed at influencing the attitude of a
five specific functions. community toward some cause or position.
a. Planning Flip - apprehended criminals who turn informants.
b. Organizing Snitches - jail house informants.
c. Commanding Means of Information Gathering
d. Coordinating 1.Overt
e. Controlling 2.Covert
3. Five M of management Intelligence Cycle - is the process of developing
a. Manpower unrefined data into polished
b. Machine intelligence for the use of policy makers.
c. Money 1. Direction - intelligence requirements are
determined by a decision maker to meet
d. Means/Method his/her objective.
e. Material 2. Collection - is the gathering of raw information
based on requirements.
Intelligence and Secret Service 3. Processing - converting the vast amount of
Definition of Terms: information collected into a form usable By analyst.
Intelligence Agency - is a government agency 4. Analysis - conversion of raw information into
responsible for the collection,analysis intelligence. It includes:
or exploitation of information and intelligence in (1) integrating
support of law enforcement,national (2) evaluating
security,defense and foreignpolicy objectives. (3) analyzing data and preparing intelligence
Intelligence Officer - is a person employed by an product.
organization to collect,compile and 5. Dissemination - is the distribution of raw or
finished intelligence to
the consumer whose needs
initiated the intelligence requirement.
6. Feedback - is received from the decision maker
and revised requirement issued.
Evaluation - systematic determination of merit,
worth and significance of something or
someone using criteria against a set of standards.
Collation - is the assembly of written information
into a standard order.
Crime Triangle
1. the offender
2. the victim
3. the location
Crime Intelligence - information compiled, analyzed
and/or disseminated in an effort
to anticipate, prevent, or monitor criminal activity.
Strategic Intelligence - information concerning
existing patterns or emerging trends
of criminal activity designed to assist in criminal
apprehension and crime control
strategies for both short and long term investigative
tools.
the safeguarding of information against espionage,
personnel against subversion and
installations or material against sabotage.
A. Combat intelligence
B. Police intelligence
C. Military intelligence
D. Counter intelligence
4. Those which seek to conceal information from the
enemy.
A. Passive counter intelligence measures
B. Active counter intelligence measures
C. Strategic intelligence
D. Tactical intelligence
5. Those that actively block the enemy's attempt to
gain information of enemy's effort to engage in
sabotage or subversion.
A. Passive counter intelligence measures
B. Active counter intelligence measures
C. Strategic intelligence
D. Tactical intelligence

Tactical Intelligence - information regarding a 6. When the source of the information comes from a
specific criminal event that can be police intelligence officer of long
used immediately by operational units to further a experience and extensive background, the
criminal investigation plan tactical evaluation of reliability of information is
operations and provide for officer safety. labeled.
Open Source - refers to any information that can be A. A
legitimately obtained e. free on B. B
request, payment of a fee. C. C
Source - the place or person from which information D. D
is obtained.
Intelligence Assessment - is the development of 7. When there is no adequate basis estimating the
forecasts of behavior or reliability of an information,the evaluation of the
recommended courses of action to the leadership of reliability of the information is labeled.
an organization based on a wide A. A
range of available information sources both overt B. F
and covert. C. E
Intelligence Analysis - is the process of taking known D. D
information about situations
and entities of strategic, operational, or tactical 8. The current head of the PNP directorate for
importance, characterizing the known intelligence is
and with appropriate statements of probability. the A. Catalino Cuy
future actions in those situations B. Cipriano Querol Jr.
and by those entities. C. Lina Sarmiento
Cryptanalysis - from the Greek word Kryptos-hidden D. Angelito Pacia
and Analyein-to loosen or to unite
- is the art of defeating cryptographic security 9. Knowledge in raw form is known as
systems and gaining access to the A. Intelligence
contents of encrypted messages without being given B. Information
the cryptographic key. C. Awareness
Intelligence and Secret Service Reviewer 1 D. Cognition
1. Knowledge of a possible or actual enemy or area
of operations acquired by the 10.The resolving or separating of a thing into its
collection,evaluation and interpretation of military component parts.
information. A. Analysis
A. Combat intelligence B. Evaluation
B. Police Intelligence C. Collation
C. Military Intelligence D. Collection
D. Counter intelligence
Remember the ff: Intelligence and Secret Service
2. Knowledge of the enemy,weather and the terrain Methods of reporting information
that is used in the planning and A. Evaluation of reliability of information - indicated
conduct of tactical operations. by a letter as follows:
A. Combat intelligence A - completely reliable
B. Police intelligence B - usually reliable - informant is of known integrity
C. Military Intelligence C - fairly reliable
D. Counter-intelligence D - nor usually reliable
E - Unreliable
3. Activity pertains to all security control measures F - reliability not judge - no adequate basis
designed to ensure estimating the reliability of the source.
B. Evaluation of accuracy of information - indicated C. Tactical intelligence
by numerals as follows: D. Long-term intelligence
1 - confirmed by other agencies
2 - probably true 8. Deals with political, economic, military capabilities
3 - possibly true and vulnerabilities of all nations.
4 - doubtfully true A. Strategic intelligence
5 - improbable B. Counter intelligence
6 - truth can not be judged C. Tactical intelligence
D. Long-term intelligence
1. C
2. A 9. Tradecraft techniques for placing drops by tossing
3. D them while on the move.
4. A A. Tosses
5. B B. Dropping
6. A C. Throwing
7. B D. Drops
8. B
9. B 10.A dead drop that will be retrieved if it is not
10. A picked up by the intended recipient after
a set time.
Intelligence and Secret Service Reviewer 2 A. Picked drop
1. Ancillary materials that are included in a cover B. Timed drop
story or deception operation to help C. Abandoned drop
convince the opposition or casual observers that D. Recovered drop
what they are observing is genuine.
A. Walk-in You may want to read the ff: intelligence and secret
B. Warming room service
C. Window Observing A. Four Axioms of intelligence
D. Window dressing 1. Intelligence is crucial to intel security
2. Intelligence is crucial to all types of operations
2. A surveillance team usually assigned to a specific 3. Intelligence is the responsibility of all intelligence
target. agencies
A. Window observer 4. Intelligence of the government must be superior
B. Window dressing to that of the enemy.
C. Stake-out team B. Intelligence - product resulting from the
D. Watcher team collection, evaluation analysis, integration
and the interpretation of all available information.
3. A location out of the weather where a surveillance - is a processed information.
team can go to keep warm C. Data + analysis = Intelligence
and wait for the target. D. Police intelligence - used in the preparation and
A. Warming room execution of police plans,polices
B. Rest room and programs.
C. Station room
D. Waiting room Answers: Intelligence and Secret Service
1. D
4. A defector who declares his intentions by walking 2. D
into an official installation, or otherwise making 3. A
contact with an opposition g government, and asking 4. D
for political asylum or volunteering to work in place. 5. A
Also known as a volunteer. 6. C
A. Enemy traitor 7. C
B. Asylum seeker 8. A
C. Enemy defector 9. A
D. Walk-in 10. B

5. The methods developed by intelligence operatives Intelligence and Secret Service Reviewer 3
to conduct their operations. 1. Technical air sampler sensors designed to sniff for
A. Trade craft hostile substances or parties in a
B. Operational technique dark tunnel system.
C. Trade secret A. Chemical sniffers
D. Operational secret B.Tunnel sniffers
C. Dog sniffers
6. It focuses on subject or operations and usually D. Air sniffers
short term.
A. Strategic intelligence 2. A major electronic communications line, usually
B. Counter intelligence made up of a bundle of cables.
C. Tactical intelligence A. Cable line
D. Long-term intelligence B. Trunk line
C. Telephone line
7. Concerns with the security of information, D. DSL
personnel, material and installations.
A. Strategic intelligence 3. A counter-surveillance ploy in which more than
B. Counter intelligence one target car or target officer is
being followed and they suddenly go in different 2. Smoking-bolt operation - A covert snatch
directions, forcing the surveillance operation in which a special entry team
team to make instant choices about whom to follow. breaks into an enemy installation and steals a high-
A. ABC technique security device, like a code
B. Star-burst maneuver machine, leaving nothing but the "smoking bolts."
C. AC technique 3. Information - unprocessed information or raw
D. Sudden change maneuver data.
4. Intelligence information - Information gathered
4. A chemical marking compound developed by the or received which is of intelligence
KGB to keep tabs on the activities of interests.
a target officer. Also called METKA. The compound is 5. Intelligence community - It is an integrated and
made of nitrophenyl pentadien neatly organized entity composed
(NPPD) and luminol. of units or agencies which have intelligence interest
A. Spy dust and responsibilities.
60 6. Informant - is anyone who can furnish
B. Chemical dust information.
C. Sulfuric acid 7.Rolling car pickup - A clandestine car pickup
D. Potassium nitrate executed so smoothly that the car hardly stops at all
and seems to have kept moving forward.
5. A ploy designed to deceive the observer into 8. Terms:
believing that an operation has gone bad 1. Wanted list - It is for crime suspects with warrant
when, in fact, it has been put into another of arrest.
compartment. 2. Watch list - It is for those without warrant of
A. Burned arrest.
B. Deceiving 3. Target list - It is for organized crime groups.
C. Spoofing 4. PIR - Priority Intelligence requirement
D. Misleading 5. OIR - Other intelligence requirements
6. SOR - Specific order request
6. The special disguise and deception tradecraft 9. R.A. 8551 - Placed PNP as support to the AFP in
techniques developed under Moscow Counter insurgency operations thru intelligence
rules to help the CIA penetrate the KGB's security gathering.
perimeter in Moscow. 10.The intelligence cycle (PNP Directorate for
A. Silver bullet Intelligence)
B. Golden bullet 1. Directing
C. Bronze bullet 2. Collecting
D. Titanium bullet 3. Processing
4. Dissemination and use
7. Any form of clandestine tradecraft using a system
of marks, signs, or codes for Definition of Terms: Next Page
signaling between operatives. 1. B
A. Ciphers 2. B
B. Signs 3. B
C. Signals 4. B
D. Code 5. C
6. A
8. Any tradecraft technique employing invisible 7. C
messages hidden in or on innocuous 8. A
materials. This includes invisible inks and microdots, 9. D
among many other variations. 10. A
A. Secret writing
B. Secret message Intelligence and Secret Service Definition of Terms
C. Hidden message 2 Methods Of Collecting Information
D. Hidden writing Overt/Open – overt info. Are obtained from open
and easily available sources like magazines,
9. An apartment, hotel room, or other similar site reports and files.
considered safe for use by operatives Covert/Close
as a base of operations or for a personal meeting. 3 Defined Objectives Of Police Intelligence
A. Meeting place To assist the commander in the success of the team
B. Dead drop Discover and Identify criminal activities
C. Drop To assist in the apprehension of criminals
D. Safe house 3 Types Of Channels In Special Communication
Systems
10.When an operation goes bad and the agent is 1. Regular
arrested. 2. Secondary
A. Rolled up 3. Emergency
B. Rolled down 4 Phases/Steps of Informant Recruitment
C. Burned out 1. Selection
D. Burned down 2. Investigation
3. Approach
Remember the ff: Intelligence and Secret Service 4. Testing
1. Sun Tzu - The Chinese general who wrote The Art Area of Interest – subject of information gathering
of War in about 400 b.c. (person,place,things or an activity)
Briefs – the form in which the finished product of
intelligence is presented to the commander the
police department.
Bugging – the placement of a hidden microphone in
a particular room to obtain information.
Burned – the agent was identified and known.
CIA – established in 1946.
Ciples – are fundamental guides to action, broad
statement of truth from which others are
derived.
Classification/Types Of Police Intelligence
1. Strategic Intelligence
2. Counter Intelligence
3. Line Intelligence
Coding – is the process of putting the codes and
ciphers to plain text message.
Collate – to bring together and compare the
truthfulness of the information.
Collection – to accumulate knowledge on a subject
or area of interest.
Cooperative Members of the Community - a rich
source of information on criminals,
criminal activities and even subversive groups.
Criminal Syndicate – it is a stable business with
violence applied and directed at unwelcome
competitors.
Criminal World – the social organization of criminals
having its own social classes.
Cryptoanalysis – is the process of putting the plain
text message tocodes and cipher.
Cryptograph – the art and science of making,
devising, inventing, or protecting codes and
cipher.
Counter Intelligence – type of intelligence activity
which deals with defending the
organization against it criminal activities.
Counter Intelligence Security Measures
1. Physical Security – a system of barrier placed
between the potential intruder and the
material to be protected.
2. Personnel Security – includes all security
measures designed to prevent unsuitable
individuals of doubtful loyalty from gaining access to
classified matter, securing
facilities and to prevent the appointment,
employment, or retention as employees of
such individuals.
3. Operational Security – measures taken in
conducting operations or action in a secure
and efficient manner.
4. Security Survey/Inspection – conducted in order
to assist the chief of office in
determining the security measures required to
protect key installation from possible
sabotage, espionage, subversion and unauthorized
disclosure of or access to classified defense
information or materials.
5. Community Security – is the protection resulting
from all measures designed to deny
unauthorized person information of value which
may be derived from the possession
and study of communications or to mislead
unauthorized persons and the
interpretation of the result of such study.
Counter Surveillance – if a surveillance team is
watched by the supervisor or a designated
unknown individual to know if the team is doing its
job as planned or is being watched by
companions of the subject.
Covert Operation – if the information is obtained
without the knowledge of the person against
whom the information or document may be used or
if the method or procurement is done not
in an open manner.
Detection of Criminal – the primary purpose of
police counter intelligence.
Decipher – to reconvert the cipher into plain text
message.
Documentary Security Classifications
1. Top Secret
2. Secret
3. Confidential
4. Restricted
Encipher – conversion of plain text message to
ciphers.
Evaluation – it is the critical appraisal of information
as a basis for its subsequent
interpretation which includes determining the
pertinence of information and the reliability of
the source.
- to judge the information as to its truthfulness or
importance.
Financial Gain – the most common reason why an
informer is giving information.
Frederick The Great – father of organized military
espionage.
Information – are knowledge, data, news, opinion or
the like transmitted from one person to
another.
Integrate – to make the entire or all the information
the subject matter.
Interpret – to explain the meaning or to expand the
information from the unknown to known.
Intelligence – product resulting from the collecting
information concerning an actual and potential
situation and condition relating to foreign activities
and to foreign or enemy held areas.
- product resulting from collection, evaluation,
analysis, integration, and interpretation of
available information concerning area of interest.
Interpretation – determining the significance of the
information with respect to what is already
known and it draws conclusions as to the probable
meaning of the evaluated information.
Kinds Of Surveillance
1. Surveillance of place
2. Tailing or shadowing
3. Undercover investigation or Roping
Line Intelligence – types of intelligence which is of
immediate nature and necessary for more
effective police planning and operation.
Method of Casing
1. Personal Reconnaissance – the most effective
2. Map Reading
3. Research Work
4. Operational Data Research
Military Intelligence – it is an evaluated and
interpreted information concerning an actual
or possible enemy or theater of operations including
weather and terrain together with
the conclusions drawn therefrom.
Need To Know Principle – in intelligence
dissemination, even a ranking law enforcer who
has no business on the classified information is not
furnished the report.
OB File – identification, location, and knowing the
intents of criminal syndicates, notorious characters
and even people with subversive desires must be
made available for use.
Order Of Battle – an intelligence document
describing the identity, strength, command
structure and disposition of the enemy/criminals.
Organized crime – it is the combination of two or
more persons for the purpose of
establishing criminal activity.
Overt Operation – if the information or document
are procured openly without regard as to whether
the subject of the investigation becomes
knowledgeable of the purpose for which it is being
gathered.
Parker – internal affairs is my defense and
intelligence is my offensive arm.
Police Counter Intelligence – it is the detection,
prevention, or neutralization of any
activity inimical to the harmony and best interest of
the police organization.
Police Intelligence – an evaluated and interpreted
information concerning organized crime
and other major police problems.
Reconnaissance – to gather specific or detailed
information at a particular time and place.
Roping – undercover assignment, form of
investigation in which the investigator assume a
different and unofficial identity/cover story in order
to obtain information.
Safe House – a clandestine place where the
intelligence agent and his superior meet.
Schulmoister – Napoleon's secret military agent.
Security Inspection – conducted in order to
determine degree of compliance with
established security policies and procedures.
Stool Pidgeon – an individual who sells information
to different groups of law enforcers.
Strategic Intelligence – intelligence which is
primarily long range in nature with little or no
immediate practical value.
Sun Tzu – he was the writer of the book “Art of
War”.
Surveillance – to gather general information over a
wide area and takes a longer time frame.
Tactical Interrogation – a process or method to
obtain information from a captured enemy.
Walshingham – protector of queen Elizabeth.
Wilhelm Von Stieber – a CIA intelligence officer who
spied for soviet union from 1985 – 1994, he had
perpetrated the costliest breach of security in the
agency's history.
Industrial Security Management
RA no. 5487 - (as amended by PD no. 11) - Private
security agency law.
Private Detective Agency - is any person who for
hire or reward or on commission
conducts or carries on or holds himself out as
conducting or carrying on a detective
agency or detective service.
Private Detective - any person who is not a member
of a regular police agency or
armed forces who does detective work for
hire,reward or commission.
PADPAO - Philippine Association of Detective and
Protective Agency Operators.
Watchmen/Security Guard - person who offers or
renders personal service to watch
or secure either residential or business
establishment or both or any
building,compound or area for hire or compensation
or as an employee thereof.
Security Agency - any person, association,
partnership or corporation who recruits,
trains, muster ,furnishes, solicitindividuals or
business firms, private or government
owned or controlled corporation to engage his
services or those of its watchmen.
Who May Organize Security Agency
1. Any Filipino Citizen or a corporation, partnership
or association.
2. With a minimum capital required by law.
In case of corporation, association, or partnership -
must be 100 % owned and controlled by Filipino
citizen.
No person shall organize or have interest in more
than one agency.
Qualification of an Operator or Manager of a
Security Agency:
1. At least 25 years of age
2. College graduate and/or commissioned officer in
the inactive service of the AFP
3. Good moral character
4. No previous record of any conviction of any
crime/offense involving moral turpitude
5. Not suffering from any of the following
disqualifications:
1. dishonorably discharged or separate from the AFP
2. mentally incompetent
3. addicted to the use of narcotic drugs
4. habitual drunkard
An elective or appointive government employees
who may be called upon on
account of the function of their respective offices in
the implementation and enforcement of the
provision of RA 5487 and person related to such
government employees by affinity or consanguinity
in the third civil degree shall not hold any interest,
directly or indirectly in anysecurity guard agency.
Basic Qualification of a security Guard
1. Filipino citizen
2. High school graduate
3. Physically and mentally fit
4. Not less than 21 nor more than 50 years old
5. At least 5'4" in height
6. Not suffering from any disqualification under RA
5487
Veterans shall be given priority in employment as
security guard or private
detective.
Person convicted of any crime involving moral
turpitude shall not be employed
as security guard or private detective.
Private detective, detective agency, security guard,
security agency must first
obtain license from the PNP.
Employees employed solely for clerical or manual
work need not be licensed.
The license shall be displayed at all times in a
conspicuous and suitable place in
the agency office.
The PNP shall exercise general supervision over the
operation of all private
detective and security guard agencies.
The City/Municipal Mayors has the power as
director of the City/Municipal civil
defense to deputize private detective and security
guards to help maintain
peace and order or prevent or arrest law violators in
case of emergency or in
times of disaster or calamity. They shall take orders
from the Chief of Police for
the duration of the fire, inundation, earthquakes,
riots or other emergency.
A security guard or security agency is entitled to
possess firearms.
 Firearm must not be higher than .45 caliber.
Agency is entitled to possess firearm not exceeding
one firearm for
every security guard in its employ.
Security guard is entitled to possess not more than
one riot gun or shotgun.
Firearms shall be carried by the security guard only
during his tour of duty in
proper uniform within the compound of the
establishment except when he
escorts big amount of cash or valuables in or out of
said compound.
The Chief PNP shall prescribe the uniform,
ornaments, equipment and
paraphernalia to be worn by the security guards.
Uniforms must be different from the PNP/AFP.
Salary of security guard - not lower than the
minimum wage prescribe by law.
Limitations and Prohibitions on a Security Agency
1. No agency operating in the City of manila and
suburbs may employ more than
1000 watchmen or
security guards.
2. No agency operating in other cities and first class
municipalities may employ more
than 500 watchmen
or security guards.
3. No agency operating in municipalities other than
first class may employ more than
200 watchmen or
security guards.
4. No person, corporation, partnership or association
may organize more than one
agency in any one city
or municipality.
5. No agency shall offer, render or accept services to
gambling dens or other illegal
enterprises.
6. The extent of the security service being provided
by any security agency shall not
go beyond the
whole compound or property of the person or
establishment requesting the security
service except when they escort big amount of cash.
Who can Issue rules and regulations to carry out
the purpose of RA
5487? ans. the chief PNP, in consultation with the
Philippines Association of Detective
and Protective Agency Operators.
What are the penal provisions for violation of
RA5487 or its implementing
rules? ans.
1. Suspension, fine or cancellation of license to
operate with the forfeiture f bond filed
with the
Chief PNP.
2. Imprisonment ranging from 1 to 4 years and fine,
in the discretion of the courts.
Physical security - describes the measures that are
designed to deny access to
unauthorized personnel from physically accessing a
building, facility, stored
information and guidance on how to design
structures to resist potentially hostile acts.
- a system of barriers placed between a potential
intruder and the
material or installation to be protected.
Security - the predictable state or condition which is
free from harm, injury,
destruction, intimidation or fear. Freedom from fear
or danger or defense against
crime.
Physical Security System - a barrier or system of
barriers placed between the
potential intruder and the matter to be protected.
Protective device against hazards,
threats, vulnerability and risks.
Purpose/Goals of Physical security
1. deter potential intruders - ex. warning signs,
perimeter markings
2. distinguish authorized from unauthorized people -
ex. using pass card
3. delay or prevent intrusion attempt - ex. wall, door
lock, safe
4. detect intrusion and monitor/record intruders - e.
CCTV, intrusion alarm
5. trigger appropriate incident responses - ex.
security guards
How to deter potential intruders
1. install warning signs -
2. build fences
3. put vehicle barriers
4. install vehicle height restriction
5. implement restricted access point
6. install sight lighting and trenches
How to distinguish authorized from unauthorized
people - access control at the
1. gates
2. doors
3. locks
How to detect intrusion
1. install alarms
2. install intrusion detection monitor
3. install video monitoring system - ex. cctv
Vigiles (in Rome) - origin of the watchmen although
their principal duty was as a fire
brigade.
Notable security guards:
1. Frank Wills - detected the Watergate burglars
ultimately leading to the
resignation of US president Richard Nixon.
Target hardening - the reduction in criminal
opportunity, generally through the use
of physical barriers, architectural design and
enhanced security measures of a
particular location.
Defensible Space - the range of mechanisms that
combine to bring an environment
under the control of its residents.
Demography - the study of the characteristics of
population groups.
Principles of Physical Security
1. An intruder must be able to acquire access to the
property in order to benefit.
2. The type of access necessary will depend upon a
number of variable factors and
therefore may be
achieved in a number of ways.
3. There is no impenetrable barrier.
4. Security is built upon a system of defense in depth
resulting to accumulated delay
time which may lead
to the apprehension of the intruder.
5. Each installation is different from the others.
2 Kinds of Barriers
1. Natural
2. Artificial
5 Types of Barriers
1. Human
2. Animal
3. Natural
4. Energy/Electrical/Electronic
5. Structural
3 Line of Defense
1. Perimeter Barrier - 1st line of defense.
2. Building Exterior - 2nd line of defense. 1.Natural barriers - natural terrains features must be
3. Interior Controls - 3rd line of defense. considered from the stand point
Perimeter Barrier - main purpose is to deny or of their values to
impede access or exit of unauthorized intruder as cover and concealment. Normally the
persons. first type considered very often we
Other Purposes have to accept
1. It defines the boundary of the property to be and work around them.
secured. 2.Fences
2. It creates a physical and psychological deterrent to a. solid fence - one is constructed in such a way that
unauthorized entry. visual access through the
3. It delays intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension fenced structure is
of intruders. denied.
4. It assists in a more efficient and economical b. full view fence - constructed in such a way that
employment of guards. usual access is permitted through
5. It facilitates and improves the control of the fence.
pedestrian and vehicular traffic. Advantages of a full view fence
Components: 1. removing patrols and stationary guards are able to
1. Types of Fencing (solid/full view) keep area surrounding of the
2. The top guard installation under
3. Types of Protective Alarms Systems observation.
4. Types of Protective and Emergency Lighting's 2. it does not create shadows which would provide
5. CCTV Cameras and other Electronic Security cover and concealment for the
Systems/Energy Barriers intruder.
Building Exterior - Components: Disadvantages of a full view fence
1. walls 1. It allows visual access to the installation, its
2. Doors personnel, its guard and its activities.
3. Windows 2. It allows the intruders to become familiar with the
4. Roof Openings movements and the time
5. Fire Escapes schedule of the guard
6. Protective Alarm Systems patrols thereafter allowing him to pick the time for
7. Protective and Emergency lightnings attempting penetration which
8. CCTV Cameras and other Electronic Security would most
Systems/Energy Barriers advantageous to the intruder.
Interior Controls - Components: Advantages of solid fence
1. ID Systems 72
2. Protective Alarm Systems 1. Denies visual access of the installation of the
3. Protective Emergency Lighting's intruder.
4. Communication Systems 2. Denies the opportunity for the intruder to become
5. CCTV Cameras and other Electronic Security familiar with the personnel,
Systems/Energy Barriers activities and the time
6. Restricted Areas (storage areas/utilities) schedule of the movements of guards in the
7. Access Control installations.
8. Key Control
9. Emergency Plans Disadvantages of solid fence
10.Guards 1. It prevents the guards from observing the area
Natural barriers or features - such as around the installation.
cliffs,ravines,and rivers which delay or make more 2. It creates shadows which may be used by the
difficult to entry of intruders. intruder for cover and concealment.
Barriers - any line of boundary and
separation,natural or artificial,places,or serving as Minimum acceptable requirements for fence used
limitation or obstruction.Anything that bars,keep security barriers
out,obstruct progress,or prevents 1. Height - 8 feet at a minimum.
encroachment or intrusion. 2. Slack at the bottom - not to exceed 2 inches. If the
Structural barriers - features constructed by man fences are not tight then it
regardless of their original intent should extend even
that tends to delay the closer to the ground.
intruder.ex.walls,ceilings,locks,safe,windows. 3. Wooden fence post - minimum horizontal
Human barriers - guards,charges of quarters,office dimension of 4X4 inches.
personnel,shop workers etc. who 4. Steel fence post - the round type should at least
stand between the intruder and the matter to be be 2 inches at the smallest
protected. diameter.
Animal barriers - usually guard dog.ex. trained 5. Fence post - should be set in concrete or in firm
German shepherdsused as soil using commercial drive anchors
guards,goose,and turkeys can also be included. to a depth of 3
Energy barriers - usually electrical or electronics feet and the maximum distance post is 10 feet.
devices used to provide assistance 6. Fence top (Top Guard) - there should be
to guard personnel.ex. protective something on the top of the fence to deter
lightnings,antiintrusion devices. persons attempting
Full view fence - it is designed primarily to prevent to go over fence. ex. use of barb wire overhang. The
physical access between two arms holding the barbwire
areas.Constructed in such a way that visual access is should be extended at 45
permitted through the fence. degree angle in the direction of the expected
Physical Security Features: approach.
7. Fence area - it should be declared trees and
vegetation and debris of other
materials which
would offer concealment of the intruder or would
aid him in scaling the fence.
8. Fence Gates - gates should be limited to the no.
necessary for efficient and sage
operation of the
installation.
9. Fence Opening - all opening in the fence in excess
of 96 inches must be locked
barbed or screen in
such a way that they may be interlocked and opened
from the inside and only by
selected personnel.
10. Multiple fence - is used should at least be 10 feet
apart and the overhang on the
top of the inner
fence should point inward.
4 Basic functions that must be accomplished by the
guard system
1. Detect intruders
2. Sound alarms
3. Apprehend unauthorized personnel
4. Identify authorized personnel
Personnel Control Identification
2 Types of identification
1. Personal Recognition - is the most effective
2. Artificial Identification - badges, passes etc.
System of Employment of Personnel Control
Identification
1. Pass system - a method used by security to screen
visitors or person admitted into
building premises.
2. Single pass or Badge system - the least expensive
and the least secure.
3. Group pass and Badge system - one ID for one
group.
4. Multiple pass system - separate pass is required
for access to various areas in need
ex.color coding
5. Spot magnetized identification passes - a code
may be placed in the device and
when passes through a
machine, the code on the device is read, if it
contains wrong code or no code at
all,it will alarm.
6. Access list - it contains the names of authorized
persons or personnel and is
checked against
identification cards such as drivers licenses, draft
registration etc.
Visitor control - the measures used would depend
on the sensibility of the installation
but could include the following:
1. Escort - expensive but most secure
2. Time traveled - if there is a long delay or time
lapse between the departure and
arrival, the visitor may
be required to show cause for the delay.
3. Visitors logs - should contain identifying data,
reasons of visit, time in and hour etc.
4. Visitors entrances - separate access for visitors
and separate for employees .
Utility and maintenance personnel - escort system
could be used. If these people visit
the installations on a regular basis some of the
systems previously could be used.
Package control - there should be provisions made
to check packages being taken in
and taken out.
Photography - extreme caution must be exercised in
areas where classified information
is displayed to preclude unauthorized taking of
pictures of the installation.
Vehicular control and identification
* Most common identification is for registering at
the headquarters or gates and
putting of sticker on the windows of the vehicles.
* For visitors,the following systems are used:
1. Escort
2. Driver pool - the most secure but the most
expensive.In this system,car is driven
by qualified driver employed by the installation from
the entrance to its destination and after
the conclusion of the business of the visitor.car is
driven back to the installations entrance.
3. Time travel - used in less sensitive installations
4. Grid system - a very complicated system. The
installation is divided into grid ad
squares like a map .Each square is given a no. or
letter designation. The visitor is then given a map
and shown the route to take to his destination and
should not deviate from the prescribed route,
otherwise he could be stopped and questioned by
the guards.
5. Search of vehicles - sign should be put at the
entrance to the installation that any
Vehicle entering is subject to search anytime.
Types of Protective Alarm Systems
1. Central station system - the control station is
located outside the installations.When
the alarm is
sounded by a subscriber, the central station notifies
the police or protection agency.
2. Property system - the control system is located
inside the installations with its own
firefighter,law
enforcer,ambulance,or bomb disposal unit.
3. Local alarm - the signalling is near the alarm itself.
When the intruder enters the
installation,the alarm
goes off scaring the intruder.Purpose is just to scare
not to apprehend intruder.
4. Auxiliary alarm - the installation owned the
protective alarm with a unit in the
nearest police
station so that in case of need,direct call is possible.
Kinds of Alarms
1. Intrusion alarm - any detecting devices using
electric and their combinations to
signal an alarm
when actuated.
2. Laser beam alarm - a laser emitter floods the wall
or fence with a beam so that
when this beam is
disturbed by a physical object,an alarm is activated
3. Photocell alarm - an invisible or visible beam is
emitted and when disturbed,it
activates an alarm
or mechanical device that opens a door or lift
movable barriers,activated by light.
Basic component of an alarm system
1. Annunciation - the heart of the system of the
detecting device and is the component that activates
the triggering unit.
2. Transmission - it transmit what is detected.
3. Triggering device - the one which emits those Physical Security
aural or visual signals or both. * Protective barrier - is the physical type of security.
Security Survey - The detailed check and audit of * Barrier - any structure or physical device capable of
what an installation or plant does restricting, deterring, delaying illegal access into
not have in relation to its protection from hazards. installations.
Security Inspection - a process where physical * Perimeter barrier - a medium or structures which
examination is conducted to define the physical limits of an
determine compliance with established security installation or area
policies and procedures as a result of to restrict or impede access thereto. Any physical
security survey. barrier used to supplement the
Purpose of security survey protection of the
1. To determine existing state or condition of inside perimeter.
security * Inside Perimeter - a line of protection adjacent to
2. To locate weaknesses and possible defense the protected area and passing
3. To determine degree of protection required through points of
Security hazards - an act or condition which result in possible entry into the area. ex. doors and windows
a situation conductive to a breach of the protection * Outside perimeter - a line of protection but some
system and the subsequent loss or compromise of what removed from the protected
defense, area. ex.fence
information, company secrets, or damage to
property, personnel, or facilities. Types of Perimeter Barrier Opening
Hazards - exposure to loss or injury. 1. Gates and Doors
2. Elevators
Two General Categories of Security Hazards 3. Air intakes,Exhaust tunnels
1. Human hazard - caused by human action. 4. Clear Zone
Ex.sabotage, pilferage, theft 5. Top Guard
2. Natural Hazard - caused by natural phenomena. 6. Guard Control Stations
7. Tower
Types of Human Hazards 8. Barrier maintenance
1. Human carelessness 9. Sign and Notices
2. Accident Protective Alarms - supplemental physical barriers in
3. Disaffection a form of sound that cause
4. Disloyalty alarm installed indoors or outdoors in an installation.
5. Subversion
6. Sabotage Types of Alarm Systems
7. Espionage 1. Metallic foil wire
8. Pilferage 2. Ultrasonic Detection Device
9. Theft 3. Vibration Detection Device
10.Vandalism 4. Microwave Motion Detection Device
5. Audio Detection Device
Protective Security - measures taken by an 6. Photo Electric or Electric Eye
installation or unit to protect against Kinds of Alarms
sabotage,espionage or subversion and at the same 1. Bill Traps
time provide freedom of action in 2. Foot Rail Activator
order to provide the installation or unit with the 3. Knee or thigh button
necessary flexibility to accomplish its 4. Foot button
mission. 5. Double squeeze button
3 Aspects of Security Protective Lighting - provide illumination on areas to
1. Physical Security - measures taken to prevent be secured that adds
physical access or entry to an psychological deterrence.
installation. Types of protective Lighting
2. Personnel Security - measures taken to insure that 1. Stationary luminary - consist of series of fixed
only authorized personnel have luminaries to flood given area
access to continuously
classified documents or information. Example: glare protection type
3. Document and Information Security 2. Standby Lighting - provides continuous lighting
Types of Security through manual operations.
1. Physical Security - the most broad. 3. Movable Lighting - stationary or portable manually
2. Industrial Security - security of business operated search lights.
installations and industrial plants. 4. Emergency Lighting - duplication of existing
3. VIP Security - protection of high level officers and lighting system that is utilized in the
important personnel. event of
4. Bank Security - security of money and assets electric failure.
stored or in transit.
5. Hotel Security - security for hotel guest and their Types of Lighting Equipment
personal belongings andproperty as well as 1. Street lights - used in parking areas
properties of the hotel. 2. Search Lights - highly focused incandescent lamps
6. Document security - protection of vital records used to pinpoint potential
from loss or unauthorized access. trouble spot.
7. Communication Security - measures to prevent or 3. Flood Lights - project light in a concentrated beam
delay the unauthorized person used in boundaries and fences.
in gaining information through communication. 4. Fresnel Lights - wide beam units primarily used to
extend illumination in long
horizontal strips to protect approaches to perimeter Industrial Security Management Reviewer 1
barrier. 1. The Private Security Agency Law is known as
A. R.A. No. 5487
Protective Locks and Keys B. R.A. No. 5467
1. Lock - a mechanical,hydraulic,electrical or C. R.A. No. 5476
electronic device designed to prevent D. R.A. No. 5478
entry into a building,room,container or hiding place
and to prevent the removal of items 2. Any Person who, for hire or reward or on
without the consent of the owner. commission, conducts or carries on or holds
2. Padlock - portable and detachable lock having or himself or itself out as conducting or carrying on a
sliding hasp that passes through a staple ring. detective agency or detective service.
3. Peterman - A term used in England for lock picker, A. Private Security Guard
safe cracker and penetrators of B. Private Detective
restricted areas or rooms. C. Private Security Agency
D. Private Detective Agency
Types of Locks
1. Lever locks - used in cabinets,drawers,safe deposit 3. Any Person who is not a member of a regular
box. police agency or the Armed Forces of
2. Disc-Tumble Locks - used in car doors. the Philippines who does detective work for hire,
3. Warded Locks - offer little security,used only to reward or commission.
provide privacy. A. Private Detective Agency
4. Combination Locks B. Private Detective
5. Card Operated Locks C. Private Security Guard
6. Electromagnetic Locks D. Private Security Agency
7. Code operated Locks
4. Any Person who offers or renders personal service
Types of Keys to watch or secure either residential or business
1. Master Key - a special key of opening a series establishment or both, or any building, compound or
locks. area including but not limited to logging concession,
2. Grand Master Key - a key that will open everything agricultural, mining, or pasture lands for hire or
in a system involving two or compensation or as an employee thereof is known
more as
master key groups. A. Security Guard
3. Change Key - a key to a single lock within a master B. Private Security Agency
keyed system. C. Private Detective Agency
4. Sub Master Key - a key will open all lock with a D. Private Security Agency
particular area or grouping in a
given facility. 5. Any Person, Association, Partnership or
Corporation who recruits, trains, muster,
Types of Security Cabinets furnishes, solicits individuals or business firms,
1. Safe private or government owned or
2. vault controlled corporations to engage his service or
3. File Room those of its watchmen is known as
A. Private Security Guard
Protective Cabinets - considered as the third line of B. Private Detective
defense against unauthorized C. Private Detective Agency
D. Private Security Agency
persons.
Key Control - a system of controlling keys devised 6. Security Agency must be owned and controlled by
and regulated for disposal, how many percentage of Filipino
storage and withdrawals. ownership?
Close-in Security Formations A. 100% Filipino
1. One Man Security - 360 degrees coverage. B. 90% Filipino
2. Two Man Security - Each guard has 180 degrees C. 75% Filipino
coverage. D. 60% Filipino
3. Three Man Security - has equal areas of coverage
4. Four Man Security 7. How many security agency may a person organize
5. Five Man Security - modified diamond. or have an interest in?
6. Six Man Security - (defensive circle) too much A. Four
crowd requires arm lock formation. B. Three
Note: Six Man Security is the most effective. C. Two
Defensive In Depth Barriers D. One
1. Outer Ring - securing sidewalks, in front of
quarters or offices, covering all 8. The Operator or Manager of a security agency
entrances, front, must be at least
center, side and rear. A. 25 Years of Age
2. Middle Ring - security covering inside quarters, B. 30 Years of Age
office, residence, all stairways and C. 35 Years of Age
elevators. D. 40 Years of Age
3. Inner Ring - immediately outside the high risk
personnel door or the one closest to 9. The Operator or Manager of a security agency
the VIP. must be at least a
A. Ph. D. Degree Holder
B. Master's Degree Holder D. One Firearm For Every Five Security Guard
C. College Graduate
D. High School Graduate 8. When may a security guard carry firearm outside
of the establishment he is guarding?
10. An Operator or Manager of a security agency A. In Case of Emergency or Disaster
must have no previous record of any B. When Summoned By PNP Member For Help
conviction of any crime or offense involving C. When In Hot Pursuit Of A Thief Or Robber
A. Crimes Against Person D. When He Escorts Big Amount Of Cash
B. Crimes Against Property
C. Crimes Against Chastity 9. A Security Agency operating in the City of Manila
D. Moral Turpitude may employ not more than
Answer: A. 500 Security Guards
1. A B. 1000 Security Guards
2. D C. 1500 Security Guards
3. B D. 2000 Security Guards
80
4. A 10. A Security Agency operating in places other than
5. D Metropolitan Manila, other cities and first class
6. A municipalities may employ not more than
7. D A. 500 Security Guards
8. A B. 1000 Security Guards
9. C C. 15000 Security Guards
10. D D. 2000 Security Guards
Answer:
Industrial Security Management Reviewer 2 1. B
1. One of the following is not a disqualification for an 2. B
operator or manager of a 3. C
security agency 4. C
A. Mental Incompetent 5. C
B. Womanizer 6. C
C. Narcotic Drug Addict 7. A
D. Habitual Drunkard 8. D
9. B
2. One of the following is not a requirement to 10. A
qualify as a security guard
A. Filipino Citizen Notes: In case of conflict between The Private
B. College Graduate Security AgencyLaw (RA No. 5487) and
C. Physically and Mentally Fit the Implementing Rules and Regulations issued by
D. Not More Than 50 Years Old the chief PNP, The Private
Security Agency Law shall prevail.
3. A Security Guard must be at least
A. 5'2" in Height Industrial Security Management Reviewer 3
B. 5'3" in Height 1. A Security Agency operating in municipalities
C. 5'4" in Height other than first class may employ
D. 5'5" in Height A. Not more than 200 security guard
B. Not more than 300 security guard
4. A Security Guard must not be less than C. Not more than 400 security guard
A. 19 Years of Age D. Not more than 500 security guard
B. 20 Years of Age
C. 21 Years of Age 2. How many security agency may a person,
D. 22 Years of Age partnership, or association organize in one
city or municipality?
5. Who has the power to promulgate the rules and A. One
regulations to carry out the B. Two
provisions of R.A. No. 5487 C. Three
A. The President of the Philippines D. Four
B. The DILG Secretary
C. The Chief of the PNP 3. Security Agencies may offer or render services to
D. The DOJ Secretary the following establishments
except one
6. Who has the power to exercise general A. Night Clubs
supervision over the operation of all Private B. Coffee Shops
Detective or Security Guard Agencies? C. Gambling Dens
A. LGU D. Restaurants
B. DILG
C. PNP 4. The Chief PNP in issuing rules and regulations
D. DOJ implementing R.A. No. 5487 or the Private Security
Agency Law must consult with the
7. A Security Agency is entitled to possess firearm in A. SAGSD
a number not exceeding B. PADPAO
A. One Firearm For Every Two Security Guard C. DILG
B. One Firearm For Every Three Security Guard D. LGU
C. One Firearm For Every Four Security Guard
5. A Violation of the provisions of the private minimum of
security agency law may result in any of A. 10 Licensed Private Detective Under Its Employ
the following except one B. 30 Licensed Private Detective Under Its Employ
A. Suspension C. 50 Licensed Private Detective Under Its Employ
B. Fine D. 100 Licensed Private detective Under Its Employ
C. Cancellation of License To Operate
D. None of the Above 3. What is the maximum number of private security
personnel that a private security agency may
6. In a Security Agency, All of the following except employ?
one should secure a license A. 500
A. Those employed to manage the agency B. 1000
B. Those employed to supervise the security guards C. 1500
C. Those employed to do investigative work D. 2000
D. Those employed solely to do clerical work
4. What is the maximum number of private security
7. A Written Order or Schedule issued by a superior personnel that a company guard force may employ?
officer assigning the performance A. 500
of private security or detective services duties is B. 1000
known as C. 1500
A. License To Operate D. 2000
B. Designation Order
C. Duty Detail Order 5. What is the maximum number of private security
D. License To Exercise Profession personnel that a private detective
agency may employ?
8. In a Security Agency, Which of the following is A. 500
allowed to issue Duty Detail Order? B. 1000
A. The Branch Manager C. 1500
B. The Security Guard Supervisor D. 2000
C. The Most Senior Security Guard
D. The Chief Of The PNP SAGSD or Representative 6. A License to operate a private security agency
shall be valid for how many years?
9. New Applicants for a license to operate a Security A. One
Agency shall be required to obtain a minimum B. Two
capitalization of C. Three
A. 250,000 pesos D. Four
B. 500.000 pesos
C. 750,000 pesos 7. The Application for renewal of license to operate a
D. 1,000,000 pesos private security agency shall be
filed at least how many days before expiry date?
10. No regular license shall be granted to any Private A. 15
Security Agency unless it has a B. 30
minimum of C. 45
A. 200 licensed private security personnel in its D. 60
employ
B. 300 licensed private security personnel in its 8.Under the Implementing Rules and Regulations of
employ R.A. No 5487, What is required to
C. 500 licensed private security personnel in its be displayed at all times in a conspicuous and
employ suitable place in a security agencies
D. 1,000 license private security personnel in its office or headquarters?
employ A. Business Permit
Answer: B. DTI Registration
1. A C. Articles of Incorporation
2. A D. License To Operate
3. C
4. B 9. Services of any security personnel may be
5. D terminated on which of the following
6. D ground?
7. C A. Expiration of Contract
8. A B. Revocation of License To Exercise Profession
9. D C. Physical and Mental Disability
10. A D. All Of The Above

Industrial Security Management Reviewer 4
1. No Regular License shall be granted to any
company guard force unless it has a
minimum of
A. 10 Licensed Guard Under Its Employ
B. 30 Licensed Guard Under Its Employ
C. 50 Licensed Guard Under Its Employ
D. 100 Licensed Guard Under Its Employ
2. No Regular License shall be granted to any private
detective agency unless it has a
10. All of the following except one is a ground for the
termination of the services of any
security personnel
A. Violation of Pertinent Rules Promulgated by the
PNP
B. Conviction of a Crime Involving Moral Turpitude
C. Lost of Trust and Confidence
D. Filing of a Criminal Offense in the Prosecutor's
Office
Answer:
85
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. B
6. B
7. D
8. D
9. D
10. D
Industrial Security Management Definition Of
Terms
3 Categories of Security Guards Belonging to the
Blue Army
1. Agency Guards
2. Company Guards
3. Government Security Guards
Access List – an authenticated list of personnel given
to security allowing entry to a
compound or installation or a part thereof.
Alarm – a device that signals.
Clear Zone – the exterior and interior parallel area
near the perimeter barrier of
an industrial compound to afford better observation
and patrol movement.
Controlled Area – an area near or adjacent to limited
or exclusive areas where entry is
restricted.
Dry Run – practical test or exercise of a plan.
Ducks – in England, an owner to protect his
compound used and they are not only
effective but cheap to maintain.
Duress Code – a type of code system so that security
personnel when forced by armed
men intending to enter an installation can give alarm
by the use of certain words in
casual conversation with other personnel in the
installation.
Exclusion Area – a restricted area containing
materials of security interest.
Human Made Hazards in an Industrial Firm
1. Pilferage
2. Sabotage
3. Arson
Key Control – the management of keys in a plant,
office or business organization to
prevent unauthorized access.
Main Office – all agencies shall maintain a main
office in their registered addresses.
PADPAO – Philippine Association of Detective and
Protective Agency Operator
PCSUSIA/SAGSD – the government agency that
issues licenses for private and government security
guard.
Perimeter Barrier – the first line of physical defense
of a building, compound, or
comples viewing from the outside.
Peterman – a term used in England for lock pickers,
safe crackers and penetrators of
restricted/prohibited areas.
Private Detective – any person who does detective
work for hire, reward or commission
other than members of the PNP, NBI, AFP, BJMP and
other law enforcement agency of
the government.
Private Detective – Qualifications – in addition to
those prescribed for a security guard.
1. Holder of a Baccalaureate degree or Bachelor of
Laws
2. Holder of a degree of Bachelor of Science in
Criminology
3. Gaduate of a criminal investigation course offered
by the PNP.NBI or any police
training school or detective training with
authorized/recognized training center.
4. Advance ROTC/CMT graduate
Private Security Agency Law – RA 5487
Relative Criticality of Operation – the importance of
an establishment with reference to
the national economy and security.
Relative Vulnerability – the susceptability of a plant
or establishment to damage, loss,
or destruction of operation due to various hazards.
Restricted Area – if access is limited only to the
authorized.
Safe – a metallic container used for the safekeeping
of documents or other small items
in an office or installation.
SAGSD – Security Agency in Guard Supervisory
Division
Security Guard – one who is a holder of a security
guard license duly issued by the PNP
Security Guard – Qualifications
1. Filipino Citizen
2. High School Graduate
3. Physically and Mentally Fit
4. At least 18 yrs. Old but not more than 50 yrs. Old
5. Has undergone pre-licensing training course
6. Must not possess any of the disqualification for
operator or manager.
Security Service Contract – agreement/contract
between the agency and client
stipulating among other things the money to be paid
by the client and salary
of individual security guard.
Security Survey – also known as security audit, risk
assessment, and vulnerability
assessment.
Top Guard – this is an additional outwardly inclined
structure usually barbed wires
placed above a vertical fence to increase physical
protection from intruders of a
certain area.
Vault – a heavily constructed container usually part
of a building structure used for
keeping and protecting cash and documents.
Victimology – a special study concerned with what
makes an individual a victim of
crime.
Law Enforcement Administration Review Questions
1. The amount and nature of the demands of the
police service
A.Clientele
B.Purpose
C.Time
D. Process Answer: C
2. The PNP has a program which ensures the
deployment of policemen in busy and
crime prone areas. This is called
A. patrol deployment program
B. roving patrol program
C. patrol and visibility program
D. police patrol program Answer: C
3. All regional appointments of commissioned
officers commence with the rank of:
A. Senior Police Officer I
B. Inspector
C. Police Officer III
D. Senior Inspector Answer: B
4. In busy and thickly populated commercial streets
like those in Divisoria, police
patrol is very necessary. Since there are several
types of patrol, which of the following
will you recommend:
A. Horse patrol
B. Mobile patrol
C. Foot patrol
D. Helicopter patrol Answer: C
5. It is the product resulting from the collection,
evaluation, analysis, and
interpretation of all available information which
oncerns one or more aspects of criminal
activity and which is immediately or potentially
significant to police planning.
A. Investigation
B. Information
C. Data
D. intelligence Answer: D
6. These are work programs of line divisions which
related to the nature and extent of
the workload and the availability
of resources.
A. administrative plan
B. operational plan
C. strategic plan
D. tactical plan Answer: B
7. It is the premier educational institution for the
police, fire and jail personnel.
A. Philippine Military Academy
B. Development Academy of the Philippines
C. Philippine College of Criminology
D. Philippine Public Safety College Answer: D
D. Casing Answer: C
12. In the civil service system, merit and fitness are
the primary considerations in the
A. two-party system
B. evaluation system
C. promotional system
D. spoils system Answer: C
13. In the de-briefing, the intelligence agent is asked
to discuss which of the following:
A. his educational profile and schools attended
B. his personal circumstances such as his age,
religious affiliation, address,
etc.
C. his political inclination and/or party affiliation
D. his observations and experiences in the
intelligence Answer: D
14. It is a natural or man-made structure or physical
device which is capable of restricting, determine, or
delaying illegal access to an installation.
A. alarm
B. wall
C. barrier
D. hazard Answer: C
15. What form of intelligence is involved when
information is obtained without the knowledge of
the person against whom the information or
documents may be used, or if the information is
clandestinely acquired?
A. covert
B. overt
C. active
D. underground Answer: A

8. A crew which is assigned to a mobile car usually 16. The provincial Governor shall choose the
consist of provincial Director from a list of ___________
A. a driver and intelligence agent eligible recommended by the Regional Director,
B. a driver and traffic man preferable from the same province, city,
C. a driver and a recorder municipality.
D. a driver, recorder and supervisor Answer: D A. three (3)
B. five (5)
9. An industrial complex must establish its first line C. four (4)
of physical defense. It must have D. Two (2) Answer: A
A. the building itself
B. perimeter barriers 17. Republic Act 6975 provides that on the average
C. communication barriers nationwide,
D. window barriers Answer:B the manning levels of the PNP shall be
approximately in
10. All of the following are members of the People’s accordance with a police-to-population ratio of:
Law Enforcement Board (PLEB), A. one (1) policeman for every seven hundred (700)
EXCEPT: inhabitants.
A. Three (3) members chosen by the Peace and B. one (1) policeman for every one thousand five
Order Council from among the hundred
respected members of the community. (1,500) C.inhabitants.
B. Any barangay Captain of the city/municipality C. one (1) policeman for every five hundred (500)
concerned chosen by the inhabitants.
association of the D. one (1) policeman for every one thousand (1,000)
Barangay Captains. inhabitants. Answer: C
C. Any member of the Sangguniang
Panglungsod/Pambayan 18. In disaster control operations, there is a need to
D. A bar member chosen by the Integrated bar of the establish a ______where telephones or any means
Philippines of communication shall
(IBP) Answer: D A.ensure open lines of communication.
B.command post
11. It is the circumspect inspection of a place to C.operations center
determine its suitability for a particular D.field room Answer:B
operational purpose.
A. Inspection 19. Registration of a security agency must be done at
B. Surveillance the______.
C. Survey A.Securities and Exchange Commission
B.National Police Commission B. Alexander the Great
C.Department of National Defense C. Genghis Khan
D.PNP Criminal Investigation Group Answer:D D. Frederick the Great Answer: D

20. The cheapest form of police patrol. 29. Which of the following is the most common
A. Bicycle Patrol reason why informer
B. Foot Patrol can give information to the police?
C. Motorcycle Patrol A.wants to be known to the policeman
D. Helicopter Patrol Answer: B B.monetary reward
C.as a good citizen
21. The budget is a _________________ in terms of D.revenge Answer: B
expenditure
requirements. 30. To improve delegation, the following must be
A.tactical plan done, EXCEPT:
B.financial plan A. establish objectives and standards
C.work plan B. count the number of supervisor
D.control plan Answer: B C. require completed work
D. define authority and responsibility Answer: C
22. The term used for the object of surveillance is a
subject while the investigator conducting the 31. What administrative support unit conducts
surveillance is: identification and evaluation of physical evidences
A.rabbit related to crimes, with emphasis on their medical,
B.surveillant chemical, biological and physical nature.
C.traffic enforcement A. Logistics Service
D.patrol Answer: A B. Crime Laboratory
C. Communication and Electronic service
23. It is a police function which serves as the D. Finance Center Answer: B
backbone of the
police service. In all types of police stations, there is 32. Those who are charged with the actual
a specific unit assigned to undertake this function in fulfillment of the agency’s mission are ________.
view of its importance. A. staff
A.vice control B. supervision
B.criminal investigation C. management
C.traffic management D. line Answer: D
D.patrol Answer: D
33. When the subject identifies or obtains
24. It is the weakest link in security chain. knowledge that the investigation is conducting
A.managers surveillance on him, the latter is:
B.Barriers A. cut out
C.Personnel B. sold out
D.inspections Answer: C. burnt out
D. get out Answer: C
25. Which of the following is considered as the most
important 34. Small alley like those in the squatters area of
factor in formulating an effective patrol strategy? Tondo can be best penetrated by the police through:
A.training of station commander A. foot patrol
B.adequacy of resources of the police station B. mobile patrol
C.rank of the patrol commander C. highway patrol
D.salary rates of police personnel Answer: B D. helicopter patrol Answer: A

26. Who among the following have summary 35. Some of the instructions in foot surveillance are
disciplinary powers over errant police members? the following, EXCEPT
A.District Director A. stop quickly, look behind
B.Provincial Director B. drop paper, never mind what happens to the
C.Chief of Police paper
D.Chief, PNP Answer: D C. window shop, watch reflection
D. retrace steps Answer: B
27. You are the Patrol Supervisor for the morning
shift. You don’t have enough men to cover all the 36. On many occasions, the bulk of the most
patrol beats. Which of the following will you valuable information comes from:
implement? A. business world
A. assign roving mobile patrol with no foot patrol B. newspaper clippings
B. assign mobile patrols only in strategic places C. an underworld informant
C. maintain your patrolmen at the station and just D. communications media Answer: B
wait
for calls for police assistance 37. Highly qualified police applicants such as
D. assign foot patrol in congested and busy patrol engineers, nurses and graduates of forensic sciences
beats but assign a roving mobile patrol to cover can enter the police service as officers through:
beats which A. regular promotion
are not covered by foot patrol Answer: B B. commissionship
C. lateral entry
28. The father of organized military espionage was: D. attrition Answer: C
A. Akbar
38. Police Inspector Juan Dela Cruz is the Chief of B. PNP Directorate for Human Resource and
Police of a municipality. He wants his subordinates Doctrine
to be drawn closer to the people in the different Development
barangays. He should adopt which of the following C. PNP Directorate for Personnel and Records
projects? Management
A. COPS on the blocks D. PNP Directorate for Comptrollership Answer: C
B. Oplan Bakal
C. Oplan Sandugo 47. One way of extending the power of police
D. Complan Pagbabago Answer: A observation is to get information from persons
within the vicinity.In the police work,
39. What should be undertaken by a Security Officer this is called:
before he can prepare a comprehensive security A. data gathering
program for his industrial plan? B. field inquiry
A. security conference C. interrogation
B. security check D. interview Answer: B
C. security survey
D. security education Answer: C 48. Dogs have an acute sense of _______________
thus, their utilization in tracking down lost persons
40. This patrol method utilizes disguise, deception or illegal drugs.
and lying in wait A. smell
rather than upon high-visibility patrol techniques. B. hearing
A. low-visibility patrol C. eating
B. directed deterrent patrol D. drinking Answer: A
C. decoy patrol
D. high-visibility patrol Answer: A 49. Intelligence on _________________ makes
heavy use of geographic information because law
41. It enforces all traffic laws and regulations to enforcement officials must know exact locations to
ensure the safety interdict the flow of drugs.
of motorists and pedestrians and attain an orderly A. Logistics
traffic. B. Human Cargo Trafficking
A. Civil Relations Unit C. Narcotics Trafficking
B. Traffic Operations Center D. Economic resources Answer: C
C. Traffic Management Command
D. Aviation Security Command Answer: C 50. Which of the following is most ideally suited to
evacuation and
42. A method of collecting information wherein the search-and-rescue duties?
investigator A. motorcycle
merely uses his different senses. B. helicopter
A. observation C. patrol car
B. casing D. bicycle Answer: B
C. research
D. interrogation Answer: A 51. A method of collection of information wherein
the investigator tails or follows the person or
43. In stationary surveillance, the following must be vehicle.
observed, EXCEPT A. research
A. never meet subject face to face B. undercover operation
B. avoid eye contact C. casing
C. recognize fellow agent D. surveillance Answer: C
D. if burnt out, drop subject Answer: C
52. This is a person who does detective work for
44. Pedro is a thief who is eying at the handbag of hire, reward or commission, other than members of
Maria. PO1 the AFP, BJMP, provincial guards, PNP or any law
Santos Reyes is standing a few meters from enforcement agency of the
Maria.The thief’s government.
desire to steal is not diminished by the presence of A. Secret Agent
the police officer but the _______________ for B. “Tiktik”
successful theft is. C. Private detective
A. ambition D. Undercover Answer: C
B. feeling
C. intention 53. The uprightness in character, soundness of moral
D. opportunity Answer: A principles, honesty and freedom from moral
delinquencies is referred to as
45. Graduates of the Philippine National Police A. integrity
Academy (PNPA) are B. loyalty
automatically appointed to the rank of: C. discretion
A. Senior Superintendent D. moral Answer: A
B. Inspector
C. Senior Police Officer 1 54. Going east while foot patrolling and turning right
D. Superintendent Answer: C after reaching the end of your beat and turning right
after reaching the other end of the road and again
46. PNP in-service training programs are under the turning right until you completed the cycle by
responsibility of the: reaching back to your origin of patrolling.What
A. PNP Directorate for Plans patrol pattern have you applied?
A. clockwise 64. All but one are the primarily line operation in
B. straightway police organization
C. counter clockwise A. patrol
D. free-wheeling Answer: A B. records
C. investigation
55. Which theory of patrol state that police visibility D. traffic Answer: C
increases the opportunity to apprehend criminals by
soothing them and letting them believe that their 65. Criminals can hear the sound of the helicopter
crimes will not be detected? coming and so
A. low profile theory element of surprise is lost which is one of the
B. high visibility ________
C. theory of omnipresence of air patrol:
D. team policing Answer: A A. advantages
B. features
56. Without air force capability, patrol operation C. disadvantages
that covers large D. import Answer: C
park areas, grassy fields or wooded areas requires
the use of 66. What is the patrol used to locate prowlers,
A. bike patrol burglars hiding in
B. horse patrol large buildings or stores, and the control of unruly
C. marine patrol crowds and
D. helicopter patrol Answer: B riots?
A. foot
57. Which of the following refers to the long range B. horse
planning? C. bicycle
A. Intermediate D. dog . Answer: D
B. Strategic
C. Medium 67. Which of the following laws established the
D. short Answer: B Police Organization
under the DILG?
58. The operational plan which is designed to met A. R.A. 5487
everyday or year round needs is called B. R.A. 8551
A. meeting unusual needs C. R.A. 1174
B. extra office D. R.A. 6975 Answer: D
C. regular operating programs
D. special operating programs Answer: C 68. Who is the most important officer in the police
organization?
59. Which of the following is the oldest type of A. investigator
patrol? B. patrol officer
A. horse C. traffic officer
B. foot D. The Chief of Police Answer: B
C. canine
D. police Answer: B 69. Which of the following is the oldest warning
device?
60. The act of expelling a squatter by the legal A. trumpet
process is called: B. horn
A. demolition C. radio
B. squadron D. siren Answer: A
C. eviction
D. tear down Answer: C 70. What type of cover uses actual or true
background?
61. Which of the following is not a commissioned A. artificial
officer? B. multiple cover
A. Inspector C. natural
B. senior superintendent D. cover within a cover Answer: C
C. asst. chief
D. chief superintend Answer: C 71. What is the principle of organization suggesting
that communication should ordinarily go upward
62. Which of the following words has the same and downward through establish channels in the
meaning as the word credibility? hierarchy?
A. ability A. Chain of Command
B. capacity B. Span of Control
C. believability C. Unity of Command
D. vulnerability Answer: C D. Delegation of Authority Answer: A

63. Which of the following best defines the word 72. What is the optional retirement for officers and
self-reliant? new officers of the police service?
A. observation A. 15 years
B. crime prevention B. 25 years
C. called for service C. 30 years
D. criminal apprehension Answer: C D. 20 years Answer: D
73. Governors and mayors, upon having been performing his police duties in consequence of an
elected and having qualified as such,are offense and violation of rules and regulations.
automatically deputized as representatives of the A. dismissal
A. NAPOLCOM B. restriction
B. DND C. suspension
C. PLEB D. reprimand Answer: C
D. none of these Answer: A
82. The credential extended by the Civil Service
74. It is constitutionally and legally mandated to Commission/National Police Commission for the
administer and purpose of conferring status for permanent
control the Philippine National Police. appointment in the police service.
A. DILG A. police credibility
B. DND B. police visibility
C. NAPOLCOM C. Criminology Board Examination
D. DFA Answer: C D. police patrol examination
E. police eligibility Answer: E
75. It is the central receiving entity for any citizen’s
complaint against the members and officers of the 83. In the history of our police force, who was the
PNP. first Director General of the Philippine National
A. DILG Police (PNP)?
B. NAPOLCOM A. Gen. Cesar Nazareno
C. PLEB B. Gen. Raul Imperial
D. IAS Answer: C C. Gen. Umberto Rodriquez
D. Gen. Recaredo Sarmiento Answer: A
76. When we say that a commander is directly
responsible for any act or omission of his 84. The premier educational institution for the
subordinates in relation to the performance of their training, human resource development and
official duties, we are referring to: continuing education of all the personnel of BJMP,
A. chain of command BFP and PNP.
B. delegation of responsibility A. PNPA
C. Command responsibility B. PCCR
D. span of control Answer: C C. PNTC
D. PPSC Answer: D
77. A police strategy which aims to directly involve
members of the community in the maintenance of 85. Under the law,the city/municipal jail warden
peace and order by police officers. should have a rank of __.
A. Integrated Police System A. Inspector
B. Comparative Police System B. Chef Inspector
C. Police Visibility C. Senior Inspector
D. Community Oriented Policing System (COPS) D. Superintendent Answer: C
Answer: D
86. The required rank for the Chief of Jail Bureau.
78. No person in an organization can do all the tasks A. Chief Superintendent
necessary for accomplishing group objective. Also, B. Director General
no one should exercise all the authority for making C. Director
decisions.This refers to D. Deputy Director General Answer: C
A. chain of command
B. command responsibility 87. It exercise supervision and control over the
C. unity of command provincial jails.
D. delegation of authority Answer: D A. BJMP
B. Bureau of Prisons
79. Under RA 6975, a police officer is entitled to a C. Department of Justice
longevity pay equivalent to how many percent (%) of D. Provincial Government Answer: D
his monthly basic salary for every five years of
service, to be reckoned from the date of his original
appointment in the police, fire, jail or other allied 88. The required rank for the head of the Fire
services? Bureau.
A. 2 percent A. Chief Superintendent
B. 5 percent B. Director General
C. 10 percent C. Director
D. 15 percent Answer: C D. Deputy Director General Answer: C

80. This term refers to the period when a police 89. It exercise supervision and control over all city
officer is actively engaged in the performance of his and municipal jails.
duty. A. BJMP
A. off duty B. Bureau of Prisons
B. off limits C. Department of Justice
C. on call D. Local Government Answer: A
D. on duty Answer: D
90. The annual reservation percentage quota for
81. The act of temporarily denying an officer the women in the PNP
privilege of A. 25%
B. 5%
C. 10% A. Arturo Cacdac Jr.
D. 20% Answer: C B. Emilito Sarmiento
C. Rommel Heredia
91. Which of the following administers and attends D. Alexander Roldan Answer: A
to cases involving crimes against chastity?
A. CIDG 101. Registration of a security agency as a
B. DSWD corporation must be
C. Women’s Desk processed at what particular government agency.
D. Homicide Division Answer: C A. PNP SAGSD
B. NAPOLCOM
92. They are automatically deputized as NAPOLCOM C. DND
representatives to exercise supervision and control D. SEC Answer: D
over PNP units.
A. Chief of Police 102. Minimum age requirement for security
B. Judges manager or operator of a security agency.
C. Local Government Executives A. 25 years old
D. Fiscals Answer: C B. 30 years old
C. 35 years old
93. They have the authority to recommend to the D. 40 years old Answer: A
Provincial Director the transfer, reassignment of PNP
members outside of their town residences. 103. He exercises the power to revoke for cause
A. Regional Directors licenses issued to
B. Priests security guards.
C. Chiefs of Police A. Chief PNP
D. Mayors Answer: D B. DILG Usec
C. NAPOLCOM chairman
94. The head of a local peace and order council is the D. DILG Secretary Answer: A
__.
A. judge 104. Refers to a natural or man made structure
B. chief of police which is capable of delaying illegal access to facility.
C. mayor A. Wall
D. governor Answer: C B. Fence
C. Barriers
D. Beach fronts Answer: C
95. The utilization of units or elements, of the PNP
for the purpose of protection of lives and properties, 105. It refers to means and ways that personnel and
enforcement of laws and maintenance of peace and employees
order. making them security conscious.
A. employment A. Security Promotion
B. deployment B. Security Education
C. assignment C. Security Investigation
D. designation Answer: A D. Security Seminar Answer: B

96. The orderly and organized physical movement of 106. Industrial management must establish the first
elements or units of the PNP. line of physical defense,it refers to
A. employment A. Perimeter barriers
B. deployment B. The building itself
C. assignment C. Door,Locks,Window barriers
D. designation Answer: B D. Entry points where security guards are located
Answer: A
97. One of the following exercises control and
supervision over the PNP units during elections. 107. Physical security is a system of barriers placed
A. NBI between the potential intruder and the object
B. Ombusdman matter to be protected.As criminologists,this is
C. COMELEC simply a denial of
D. DILG Answer: C A. Opportunity to commit the offense
B. Opportunity to the object of protection
98. The number of eligible for which the Regional C. Access to the object of protection
Director may recommend for Provincial Director to D. Criminal instinct to surface in the potential
the governor is __. offender Answer: C
A. 2
B. 3 108. Weakest link in the security chain.
C. 5 A. Security Guards
D. 4 Answer: B B. Manager
C. Barriers
99. Who is the current Chief of the PNP? D. Personnel Answer: D
A. Nicanor Bartome
B. Nicanor Bartomeo 109. Perimeter barriers,protective lighting and
C. Nick Bartolome ______ system are
D. Nicanor Bartolome Answer: C known in industrial security as physical security.
A. Guarding
100. The current PNP deputy director General for 103
Administration is B. Reporting
C. Relieving and disadvantages.To determine which type of
D. Accounting Answer: A guarding system an industrial firm will require
management must consult
110. This is an additional outward inclined fixed A. A security consultant not connected to or owning
structure usually barbed wires placed above a a security agency
vertical fence to increase physical protection from B. A military intelligence officer
intruders of a certain area,this is known as C. A police officer
A. Cellar Guard D. A security agency owner Answer: A
B. Tower Guard
C. Top Guard 119. As a security officer,you can not prevent nor
D. Top Tower Answer: C protect natural hazards like storm, earthquakes,
floods and the like. Inorder to reduce the disastrous
111. The exterior and interior parallel area near the effects of these natural hazards you will
perimeter barrier of an industrial compound to A. Call PAGASA and inquire when the next storm is
afford better observation and patrol movement is coming
known as B. Alert your guards when hazards occur
A. Protective zone C. Not take any concern of such hazards
B. Clear zone D. Prepare a disaster or emergency plan
C. Twilight zone for these hazards for the firm Answer: D
D. Patrol lane zone Answer: B
120. Practical exercise or test of a plan or activity to
112. Protective guarding in a compound can be done determine its effectiveness is called
by the use of electronic hardware,human guards and A. Sham drill
even animals.In England,an owner to protect his B. Fire drill
compound used this and they are not only effective C. Dry run
but also the cheapest to maintain.This man is using D. Evacuation plan Answer: C
A. Doberman
B. Tame Tigers 121. The main reason for a personnel security
C. Geese investigation is
D. Duck Answer: C A. To weed out undesirable employees
B. To check loyalty of employees to the organization
113. The government agency that issues licenses for C. To determine the character and reputation of
private and certain employees secretly tagged as risks.
government security guard is D. Preclude assignment to sensitive positions for
A. PNP SOSIA those who are security risks. Answer: D
B. Mayors office
C. PNP FEO 122. In an industrial firm there is a need for
D. PNP SAGSD Answer: D document security.As security officer,you can advice
management on this aspect although this is not
114. If access is limited only to unauthorized totally your assigned work.Document security is not
personnel,this a protection of vital records from
particular place is referred to as A. Authorized handlers
A. Compromise area B. Theft or loss
B. Restricted area C. Compromise or destruction
C. Danger area D. Unauthorized access Answer: A
D. Exclusive area Answer: B
123. As a security chief of an industrial firm,
115. First measure undertaking before a inventory shows that pilferage is rampant in the
comprehensive security warehouses.What will be your choice of action
program for an industrial plan could be developed. A. To resign if you have failed your job
A. Security education B. Deploy intelligence men in pilferage prone areas
B. Security check to catch the culprit
C. Security survey C. Prepare your protective plans and confer with
D. Security Inspection Answer: C management for their immediate implementation
D. Tighten checking at exists of vehicles of the
116. A security of a plant or industrial firm is also compound/complex
known by other terms except Answer: B
A. Robbery evaluation
B. Vulnerability 124. There are many types of electronic and electric
C. Risk Assessment protective
D. Security Audit Answer: B devices available for security buildings,storehouses
and compounds.One of the ff: is true
117. Today there are 3 categories of security guards A. Electronics/electrical devices provide total
belonging to the blue army. protection for the place to be safeguarded
A. Government security guards B. Types of alarms needed can best be given by the
B. Company guards dealers of said devices
C. Agency guards C. Each building or compound requires particular
D. Body guards Answer: D electronic/electrical protective devices
D. Electronic/electrical devices eliminate human
118. Whether to put up its own security guard guards
organic to the firm Answer: C
or hire contractual agency guards have their 125. The management of keys used in plant office or
individual merits business
organization to prevent unauthorized access is B. Company security
referred to as C. Private security forces/agencies
A. Security key control D. All of them Answer: D
B. Lock control
C. key control 135. A fact-finding prove to determine a plant
D. Key management Answer: C adequacy and deficiency all aspects of security with
the corresponding recommendation.
126. It is defined as system of barriers placed A. Security audit
between the matters B. Security survey
protected and the potential intruder C. Security inquiry
A. Computer security D. Security operations Answer: B
B. Personnel security
C. Document security 136. Barrier which includes but not limited to
D. Physical security Answer: D wall,fences,grill etc.
A. Structural barriers
127. This type of alarm system utilizes a station B. Man made barriers
located outside C. Physical barriers
the compound D. Natural barriers Answer: B
A. Auxiliary system
B. Proprietary system 137. One who steals due to his inability to resist the
C. Central alarm system unexpected opportunity and has little fear of
D. Local alarm system Answer: C detection.
A. Systematic
128. It is installed as part of the building which holds B. Outsider
up to 10,000 C. Casual
cubic meters of essential items.At least 12 ft. in D. Insider Answer: C
height with
enough ventilation and fire proof of at least one 138. A barrier which includes but not limited to
hour. mountains, cliffs,
A. Protective cabinet ravines, cliffs, etc.
B. File room A. Energy
C. Vault B. Human
D. Safe Answer: B C. Natural
D. Animals Answer: C
129. It is the susceptibility of a plant or
establishment to damage,loss or disruption of 139. Issued by the security guard for personnel to be
operations due to various admitted to
hazards. the company.
A. Risk analysis A. Duress code
B. Risk assessment B. Pass system
C. Relative vulnerability C. ID
D. Relative criticality Answer: C D. Access list Answer: B

130. It refers to the importance of the establishment 140. In a close-in security formations, a one man
with reference to the national economy and security covers
security. A. 360 degrees
A. Risk analysis B. 180 degrees
B. Relative vulnerability C. 45 degrees
C. Risk assessment D. 90 degrees Answer: A
D. Relative criticality Answer: D
141. A mechanical device of supplying water which
131. The association of all licensed security agencies can be manual
operators or motor driven.
A. POAPAD A. Stand pipe
B. PADPAO B. Fire extinguisher
C. PODPAO C. Fire hydrant
D. PAOPAD Answer: B D. Fire pump Answer: A

132.Who among below can own or operate security 142.Intrusion alarm devices are designed to ______
agency? and not prevent criminals from trespassing and
A. A Filipino citizen should be used normally as an independent adjunct
B. Anyone provided he knows the job and not a replacement of the human guard forces.
C. An alien but living in the Philippines A. Detect
D. All of them Answer: A B. Deterred
C. Provide
133. A licensed issued to operate security agency or D. Impeded Answer: A
company forces.
A. Business license 143. An authenticated list of personnel given to
B. License to engage in business security allowing entry to compound or installation
C. License to operate or part thereof.
D. All of them Answer: C A. Pass system
134. R.A. No. 5487 governs the operation of B. ID
A. Private detective C. Access list
D. Duress code Answer: C C. Security contract
D. Security service contract Answer: D
144. The act or condition affecting the safe
operation of the facility caused by human action, 153. Which below is a qualification for the operator
accidental or intentional. It includes sabotage, or manager of security agency.
espionage, pilferage and theft, disloyalty, A. Commissioned officer of AFP or PNP,inactive or
disaffection and subversive activities. retirees
A. Electronic hazard B. At least 25 years of age
B. natural hazard C. Filipino citizen
C. Artificial hazard D. All of them Answer: D
D. Human hazard Answer: D
154. A security force maintained and operated by
145. Example of the Security Communication any private
system. company for its own security requirements only.
A. Telephone A. Insular security force
B. Paging system B. Company security force
C. Radio C. Government security unit
D. All of them Answer: D D. Private security unit Answer: B

146. The revised rules and regulations governing the 155. A person who offers or renders personal
organization and operation of private detective and services to watch or secure a residence or business
private security agencies and company security establishment or both is
forces throughout the country. A. Watchman
A. Private security law B. Security guard
B. International law C. B only
C. Private law D. B and A Answer: D
D. Security law Answer: A
156. Include all the security measures designed to
147. A metallic container used for the safekeeping of prevent unsuitable individuals or persons of doubtful
documents loyalty to the government from gaining access to
or small items in an office or installation. classified matter or to any security facility and to
A. Steel cabinet prevent appointment or retention as employees of
B. Drawer such individuals.
C. Basket A. Security personnel
D. Safe Answer: D B. Employee security
C. Personnel security
148. A heavily constructed fire and burglar resistant D. Both A and C Answer: C
container usually a part of the building structure
used to keep and protect cash,document and 157. It is an inquiry into the character, reputation,
negotiable instruments. discretion and loyalty of individual in order to
A. Basket determine a persons suitability to be given security
B. Vault clearance.
C. Steel cabinet A. BI
D. Concrete coffin Answer: B B. LAC
C. NAC
149. Steal or plastic pipes located in the building D. PSI Answer: D
from the lowest to the top floor with water under
pressure for use in case of fire. 158. Consist of the investigation of the background
A. Lowering pipe of an individual but limited only to some of the
B. Wet pipe circumstances of his personal life which are deemed
C. Top pipe pertinent to the investigation.
D. Stand pipe Answer: D A. PSI
B. PBI
150. Who among below are exempted from pre- C. CBI
licensing training? D. BI Answer: B
A. AFP and PNP retirees
B. Graduate of ROTC basic or advance 159. A thorough and complete investigation of all or
C. AFP and PNP veterans some of the circumstances or aspect of a persons life
D. All of the above Answer: D is conducted.
A. PSI
151. Tenure of security personnel is based on B. PBI
A. Can be extended by the client C. CBI
B. The service contract between the agency and the D. BI Answer: D
client
C. Labor only contracting between the agency and 160. Among the following,which is the least
the guard expensive and least secure personnel control
D. Tenure provided by the labor code Answer: B identification system?
A. Multiple pass system
152. Before private security agencies render security B. Group pass and badge system
services to its clients,there must be a contract that C. Spot magnetized identification pass
must bind them, it is called D. Single pass or badge system Answer: D
A. Contract service 161. Factors considered in background investigation
B. Service contract except:
A. Integrity A. 4 years
B. Character B. 3 years
C. Personal prestige C. 2 years
D. Loyalty Answer: C D. 1 year Answer: D

162. Motives that cause people to be disloyal 171. The aspect of security which involves the
A. Character application of
B. Revenge security measures For the protection and
C. Moral safeguarding of
D. Reputation Answer: B classified information
A. Top secret
163. Weakness that makes people susceptible to B. Information security
pressure C. Personnel security
A. Jealousy D. Documents security Answer: D
B. Weakness of character
C. Close relative in foreign land 172. Refers to assigned information by one of the
D. All of them Answer: D four classification
categories
164. A security unit maintained and operated by any A. Reclassify
government B. Classified
entity. C. Declassify
A. Insular security force D. Security clearance Answer: B
B. Company security force
C. Government security unit 173. Refers to the administrative determination that
D. Private security agency Answer: C an individual is
eligible for access to classified matter.
165. Cosnsist of the investigation of the background A. Reclassify
of a person B. Classified
particularly all the circumstances of his personal life C. Declassify
A. PSI D. Security clearance Answer: D
B. PBI
C. CBI 174. Means loss of security which results from an
D. BI Answer: C unauthorized
persons obtaining knowledge of classified matter.
166. Any person ,association, partnership, firm or A. Vulnerability
private corporation, who contracts recruits, trains B. Criticality
,furnishes or post any security guards to do its C. probability
functions. D. Compromise Answer: D
A. Insular security force
B. Company security force 175. These are information and material,the
C. Government security unit unauthorized disclosure of which would cause
D. Private security agency Answer: D exceptional grave damage to the nation, politically,
economically or from a security aspect,this category
167. Shall be responsible to the detachment is reserved for the nations closest secret and is to be
commander as far as used with great reserve.
his shift is concerned. A. Restricted matters
A. Officer in charge B. Secret matters
B. Shift in charge C. Confidential matters
C. Security guard on duty D. Top secret matters Answer: D
D. Assistant detachment commander Answer: B
176. These information and material,the authorized
168. Before a security guard can practice his disclosure of
profession,he shall possess a valid security which would endanger national security,cause
license,What is this license? serious injury to
A. Firearm license the interest or prestige of the nation or of any
B. License to operate governmental
C. Drivers license activity or would be of great advantage to a foreign
D. Security guard license Answer: D nation.
A. Restricted matters
169. How many firearms issued for every two guards B. Secret matters
employed by C. Confidential matters
the security agency is allowed by law? D. Top secret matters Answer: B
A. 4
B. 3 177. These information and material,the
C. 2 unauthorized disclosure of
D. 1 Answer: D which while not endangering the national security
would be prejudicial to the interest or prestige of the
170. Firearms of security agency should be covered nation or any government activity or would cause
with firearms administrative embarrassment or unwarranted
license issued by the PNP through its Firearm injury to an individual or would be of the advantage
Explosive to a foreign nation.
Division under the civil security group renewable A. Restricted matters
every B. Secret matters
C. Confidential matters 187. It is an act of spying.
D. Top secret matters Answer: C A. Saboteur
B. Espionage
178. It is information that in some special way C. pilferer
relates to the status or activities of the possessor D. Sabotage Answer: B
and over which the possessor asserts ownership.
A. Transmission security 188. It is one of the most annoying and common
B. Trade secret human hazards which security has to deal with.
C. Patents A. Casual pilferage
D. Proprietary information Answer: D B. Systematic pilferage
C. Pilferage
179. It maybe a formula for a chemical compound,a D. None of the above Answer: C
process of
manufacturing,treating or preserving materials,a 189. One who steals with pre conceived plans and
pattern for takes always any or all types of items or supplies for
machine or device or a list of customers. economic gain.
A. Transmission security A. Casual pilferage
B. Trade secret B. Systematic pilferage
C. Patents C. Pilferage
D. Proprietary information Answer: B D. None of the above Answer: B

180. It is the protection resulting from the 190. What date is the Republic Act No. 5487 or the
application of various measures which prevent or private security agency law passed?
delay the enemy or unauthorized persons in gaining A. June 13, 1999
information through communication. B. June 13, 1969
A. Transmission security C. June 7, 2009
B. Cryptographic security D. June 31, 1969 Answer: B
C. Communication security
D. All of the above Answer: C 191. A natural hazards or acts of god.
A. Calamity
181. That component of communication security B. Phenomenon
which results from the provisions of technically C. Disaster
sound crypto system and their proper use. D. Force majeure Answer: D
A. Transmission security
B. Cryptographic security 192. A restricted area where visitors are limited in
C. Communication security movement and are usually escorted.
D. All of the above Answer: B A. Exclusive area
B. Limited area
182. A system which uses words as the smallest C. Restricted area
element. D. Protected area Answer: B
A. Transposition system
B. Code 193. A structure placed above a vertical fence to
C. Concealment increase protection from intruder.
D. Cipher Answer: B A. Guard house
B. Clear zone
183. A system that manipulate 1,2 or 3 characters at C. Tower guard
a time. D. Top guard Answer: D
A. Transposition system
B. Code 194.A conference similar to entrance conference,this
C. Concealment is only done after the completion of security survey.
D. Cipher Answer: D A. Entrance conference
B. Briefing
184. It is the potential damage or loss of an asset. C. Debriefing
A. Adversary D. Exit conference Answer: D
B. Risk
C. Security hazard 195. It is the lost that would be sustained if a given
D. Criticality Answer: B target or combination of target where totally
removed,destroyed or both.
185. It is the impact of a loss as measured in financial A. Risk reduction
terms. B. Probable maximum loss
A. Adversary C. Risk transfer
B. Risk D. Possible maximum loss Answer: D
C. Security hazard
D. Criticality Answer: D 196. Refers to the amount of loss a target would be
likely to
186. Eliminating or removing the risk totally from the sustain through theft and robbery.
business,government or industrial environment for A. Risk reduction
which the risk manager has responsibility. B. Probable maximum loss
A. Risk self-assumption C. Risk transfer
B. Risk spreading D. Possible maximum loss Answer: B
C. Risk avoidance 197. A term used in England for lock pickers,safe
D. Risk avoidance Answer: C crackers and penetrators of restricted rooms or area.
A. Superman
B. Peterpan
C. Batman
D. Peterman Answer: D

198. The badge or pass coded for authorization to

enter specific areas is issued to an employee who
keeps it in his possession until his authorization
terminates.
A. Pass system
B. Pass exchange system
C. Single pass system
D. Multi pass system Answer: C

199. Company owned alarm system with a unit in

the nearest police station so that in case of need,
direct call is possible.
A. Auxiliary alarm
B. Proprietary system
C. Local alarm system
D. Central station station system Answer: A

200. The system consists of ringing up a visual or

audible alarm system near the object to be
protected.
A. Auxiliary alarm
B. Proprietary system
C. Local alarm system
D. Central station system Answer: C