Mk4su

Tianjin Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue yu Gongcheng Jishu Ban)/
Journal of Tianjin University Science and Technology

ISSN (Online): 0493-2137
E-Publication: Online Open Access
Vol:54 Issue:09:2021
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/MK4SU
STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS USING

BASALT TEXTILE REINFORCED MORTAR (BTRM)
Ayman Shamseldein*, Fareed Elgabbas, Mohamed Kohail, Hany Elshafie
* Corresponding author
Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
ABSTRACT
There is a considerable number of existing reinforced concrete structures worldwide which are not
meet the current design standards because of inadequate design and/or construction or need for
structural upgrading. Inadequate performance of this type of structures are a major concern from a
public safety standpoint. This paper presents an experimental research program aimed at evaluating
a retrofitting technique that utilizes high strength, lightweight, corrosion resistance advanced
composites for retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete slabs. The proposed technique consists of
applying basalt textile reinforced mortar to increase the stiffness and flexural strength of concrete
slabs. A total of seven full scale reinforced concrete slabs were constructed and tested under four
points loading. An increase of 177% to 266% in slabs’ flexural strength were achieved using basalt
textile reinforced mortar depending on the amount of the textiles. This study clearly demonstrated the
effectiveness of the proposed technique in retrofitting reinforced concrete buildings.
Keywords: Tensile properties, basalt, textile reinforced mortar, BTRM.
1. Introduction
There have been major advancements in composite materials used for the repair,
retrofit, and reconstruction of civil infrastructure in the last thirty years. A composite
system is made of two or more materials with different properties that, when
combined, form a material with properties that are superior to those of its
components. A matrix and a reinforcing fiber are commonly used in composites. To
improve the safety and sustainability of civil structures, composite materials for
structural applications have been produced. There will come a period in the life of a
building when it needs to be repaired or demolished. Due to cost and inconvenience,
the latter is usually the least appealing choice. Among the several composite
systems used, especially for the repair of reinforced concrete, fabric-reinforced
cementitious matrix (TRM) and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) have presented
promising research and are considered viable strengthening as alternatives to
traditional strengthening techniques such as steel sections and concrete jackets.
FRP is comprised of fibers embedded into a polymeric resin matrix. The great
success of FRP composites is determined by their high tensile strength, high
strength-to-weight ratio (lightweight), and non-corrosive properties [1]. The use of
FRP in the repair industry has grown in popularity as a result of numerous studies
performed and published to better understand the properties of FRP systems and
their best applications. Despite its many benefits, FRP has some drawbacks: Lack of
Sep 2021 | 153

vapor permeability, failure to bond to a wet surface, and poor behavior at higher
temperatures [2]. Although the use of FRP is more well-established.
A newly developed TRM method is gaining the spotlight in the field of composites for
structural application. TRM recognizes the drawbacks of FRP and compensates for
these shortcomings with its high heat resistance and excellent compatibility with the
concrete substrate. TRM consists of a continuous arrangement of fibers commonly
known as a fabric embedded in an inorganic cement-based matrix. The mechanical
characterization and structural assessment of TRM have progressed significantly.
TRM systems offer favorable tensile behavior, bond properties, and durability
performance, which are necessary for a successful repair system. The flexural,
shear and axial behavior of RC components strengthened with TRM are reported to
be significantly improved in the technical literature [3]–[5]. Schladitz et al. [6]
investigated the effect of the number of plies on the flexural load capacity of
reinforced concrete (RC) slabs strengthened with carbon TRM. The results showed
that the load-bearing capacity increased significantly compared to unreinforced
reference slabs. Also, it was observed that the load increased uniformly with
increasing plie numbers. For the four-plie strengthening of the textile reinforcement,
as compared to its unreinforced equivalent, the load-bearing capacity of the
reinforced concrete slab could be increased by 3.5 times. Aljazaeri et al. [7] studied
the flexure performance of reinforced concrete one-way slabs strengthened with
composite materials. It was concluded that TRM composite can decrease the
application cost substantially and overcome the concerns of fire endurance. Also, it
was concluded that increasing the number of strengthening composite plies did not
correspondingly increase the flexural strength of the strengthened slabs as a result
of the premature debonding failure mode. Loreto et al. [8] investigated the
performance of RC slab strengthened with TRM. The test variables considered were
the number of plies and the strength of concrete. It was found that using one-ply and
four-ply of PBO (Polyphenylene benzobisoxazole)-TRM, the strength enhancement
was 141% and 205% for specimens with low-strength concrete strengthened using
one and four plies, respectively. Also, it was observed that the strength
enhancement was 135% and 212% for specimens with high-strength concrete using
one and four plies, respectively. There is no doubt that TRM systems have shown
superior mechanical and structural performance. However, due to the wide range of
fibers (from low to high modulus) and fabric weights (from low to high equivalent
thickness) available in the market, as well as the ability to create multi-fabric
structures, there is still a significant demand for experimental and theoretical
research to confirm mechanical effectiveness. While TRM has undeniable potential
as a repair system, its full potential has yet to be validated because it is relatively
new material. The literature review has revealed that the behavior of RC slab type
strengthened with basalt TRM was not investigated. Furthermore, the effect of mesh
size, mortar type as well as the mechanical anchorage was not studied before. To
bridge the current dearth of knowledge related to strengthening using basalt textile
reinforced mortar, this research was conducted. This paper contains a description of
the experimental and analytical research program.
Sep 2021 | 154

2. Experimental Program
The experimental program was conducted to assess the flexural behavior of
reinforced concrete slabs strengthened using basalt textile reinforced mortar
(BTRM). Seven full-scale reinforced concrete slabs were constructed and tested as a
one-way slab under four points loading. The details of the test specimens are shown
in Table (1) and Figure (1). One of the tested specimens C1 served as the control
slab which was loaded continuously till failure without retrofitting. The other six slabs
were strengthened then tested under static load. The main test variables included
the textile mesh size, number of plies, mortar type, and mechanical anchorage.
2.1. Test Specimens

All concrete slabs have dimensions of 2.30-m total lengths, 400-mm width and 100-
mm thickness, as shown in Figure (1). All slabs have the same flexural (longitudinal)
reinforcement of three plain steel bars of 8-mm diameter, as bottom reinforcement,
as shown in Figure (1). The flexural reinforcement is chosen to provide an under-
reinforced section. In addition, the slabs were reinforced transversely by plain bars of
8-mm each 200 mm. All slabs and control specimens were poured from the same
patch and wet cured for 28 days. The retrofitted RC slabs were externally
strengthened by TRM. The slabs were then stored under standard laboratory
conditions until the time of testing.
Sep 2021 | 155

Figure (1): Reinforced details of the tested specimens
2.2. Test Matrix

The test variables studied in the current research include the textile mesh size,
number of plies, mortar type, as well as mechanical anchorage. The textile mesh
sizes considered are 5 and 34 mm. The number of plies included is 3, 5, and 8 plies.
The mortar types considered are polymer modified cementitious mortar reinforced
with glass fibers (M1) and commercially available mortar Sika Rep (M2). One steel
mechanical anchorage was considered in the study. The configuration of the
mechanical anchorage is shown in Figure (2). While a detailed test matrix is
presented in Table (1). The specimen code in Table (1) denotes to the test
parameters. The first part identifies the textile mesh size, the second part identifies
the number of plies, while the third part identifies the mortar type. The fourth part is
considered for specimens that reinforced with mechanical anchorage. For instance,
specimen (M34-8-M1-A) refers to a specimen strengthened with textile mesh of size
34 mm and reinforced with eight plies of basalt mesh using polymer modified cement
mortar as well as reinforced with mechanical anchorage.
Table (1): Tested Specimens
Textile Mesh No. of Textile Mechanical
Code Mortar Type
Size (mm) Plies Anchorage
C1 ---- ---- ---- ----
M34-3-M1 3 No
M34-5-M1 5 No
M1
M34-8-M1 34 8 No
M34-8-M1-A 8 Yes
M34-8-M2 8 M2 No
M5-8-M1 5 8 M1 No
Sep 2021 | 156

Figure (2): Configuration of the mechanical anchors at the bottom surface of slabs
2.3. Material Properties

Two basalt textiles with opening sizes of 5 and 34 mm (M5, and M34, respectively)
were used in this study, as shown in Figure (3). The equivalent thickness by weight
for the used textiles were 0.030 and 0.077 mm for meshes size M5 and M34,
respectively. The mechanical properties of the used textile were obtained by tensile
tests, as shown in Figure (4). The elasticity modulus of the textiles was obtained
using chord modulus between 30% and 60% of the tensile strength of textile [9]. The
mechanical properties for the tested textiles are shown in Table (2).
a) Textile mesh of size 5 mm (M5) c) Textile mesh of size 34 mm (M34)

Figure (3): Shapes of the used basalt textiles
Sep 2021 | 157

Figure (4): Test setup for textile specimens in tension
Table (2): The Average Mechanical Properties of Used Textiles

Textile Mesh Size Tensile Strength Ultimate Strain Tensile Modulus of
(mm) (MPa) (%) Elasticity (GPa)
5 (1.2%) 810 (8.1%) 2.8 (9.5%) 29 (8.7%)
34 (2.9%) 980 (8.8%) 2.5 (9.8%) 38 (9.3%)
Note: Average values, coefficient of variations are in parentheses.
Two types of mortar were considered in the study. The first type (M1) consists of
Portland cement, sand with a maximum grain size of 2.36 mm, water, and latex. The
second type addition to glass fibers with a length of 6 mm and an aspect ratio of 461.
The second type was commercially available fiber reinforced polymer modified
cement mortar (M2). The mixing proportions and mechanical properties of the used
mortars are given in Table (3). The mechanical properties of the different used
mortar types were obtained by casting and testing of three 50 mm cubes at 28 days
for compressive strength, according to ASTM C109 [10]. In addition, the tensile
strength was obtained by testing three 50 mm cubes at 28 days using an indirect
tension test according to IS 5816. The mechanical properties of the used mortar are
listed in Table (4).
Table (3): Mix Proportions per Cubic Meter of Mortars (kg/m3)

Mortar Type C FA W L GF
M1 550 1400 265 90 0.90
Sep 2021 | 158

Cement based one component, polymer modified, fiber

M2
reinforced, thixotropic structural repair mortar
C: Cement; FA: Fine Aggregate; W: Water; L: Latex; GF: Glass Fiber; fc: Comp.
Strength (28 days) and fctr: Tensile Strength (28 days).
Table (4): Mechanical Properties of Used Mortars

Mortar Type fc (MPa) fctr (MPa)
M1 23.5 1.7
M2 40.0 3.4
The 28-day design strength of the concrete used in constructing the slabs was 25
MPa. During casting, six cubes were prepared and tested at the time of testing the
slabs. All slabs were reinforced using high-strength steel bars of plain surface. The
measured mechanical properties of the reinforcing bars are summarized in Table
(5). The anchors used for mechanical anchorage was 10 mm diameter.
Table (5): Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Steel Bars

Yield stress Elongation
Bar diameter (mm) Tensile strength (MPa)
(MPa) (%)
8 377 566 37.5
2.4. Specimen Preparation and Testing
Figure (5) shows a schematic drawing for the test setup. The specimens were tested
as one way slab under four-point loading. The load was applied monotonically using
500-kN capacity hydraulic jack. The load was measured using 450-kN capacity load
cell. Linear Variable Displacement Transducers (LVDTs) were used to measure the
vertical displacements at mid span and quarters of the span. The concrete
compressive strain at the extreme top fiber of the slab middle section and the tensile
strain at rebar were measured using electrical strain gauges. A data acquisition
system connected to a computer was used to collect the data in real time during
testing to help to monitor the slab behavior.
Sep 2021 | 159

Figure (5): Test Setup
2.5. Strengthening Scheme

The bottom sides of the slabs were firstly roughened using a hammer and chisel to
enhance the bond between TRM and concrete. The retrofitted RC slabs were
externally strengthened by applying TRM on the bottom face between the supports
for a total length of 1.90 m. The procedure of applying the strengthening system
firstly applied a layer of mortar then the ply of textile was pressed into the mortar.
After that, a layer of mortar was introduced above the textile ply and this procedure
was repeated until all plies are applied. For specimens reinforced with mechanical
anchors, holes of diameter 14 mm were drilled firstly with a depth of mm. Then, the
holes were cleaned from dust using a blower. Finally, the holes were filled with
Sikadur 31 CF and the anchors were inserted in the holes.
3. Test Results and Discussion

Table (5) and Table (6) summarize the test results of all slabs in terms of cracking
load (Pcr), yield load (Py), ultimate load (Pu), as well as the deflection corresponding
to yield load (y), and deflection corresponding to ultimate load (u). The tables also
presented the capacity enhancement ratio, which is the ratio between the ultimate
capacity of the strengthened specimen to the control one, as well as the ductility ratio
which is defined as the ratio between the ultimate and the yield deflection.
Table (5): Test Results: Loads and Strains

Pcr Py εy** εc*** Pu Enhancement
Code
(kN) (kN) (%) (%) (kN) Cracking Ultimate
Sep 2021 | 160

Load Load
C1 3.30 6.03 1.88 0.20 10.79 --- ---
M34-3-M1 4.80 10.34 1.88 0.20 19.15 1.45 1.77
M34-5-M1 7.90 14.36 1.88 0.20 24.42 2.39 2.26
M34-8-M1 8.80 27.09 1.88 0.02 28.40 2.67 2.63
M34-8-M1-A 7.80 ----* 1.88 0.04 34.00 2.36 3.15
M34-8-M2 7.30 ----* 1.88 0.20 29.60 2.21 2.74
M5-8-M1 7.70 22.06 1.88 0.20 24.37 2.33 2.26
* No yield load was detected for these specimens.
** Strain at yield load.
*** Strain of concrete at failure.
Table (6): Test Results: Deflection

Code y (mm) u (mm) Ductility (u/y)
C1 7.6 92.7 12.2
M34-3-M1 12.7 62.8 4.9
M34-5-M1 9.8 52.0 5.3
M34-8-M1 40.7 54.2 1.3
M34-8-M1-A n/a 68.1 n/a
M34-8-M2 n/a 43.5 n/a
M5-8-M1 40.6 55.6 1.3
3.1. Failure Modes

The control specimen reflected the typical under-reinforced behavior, since the steel
reinforcement reached the yield stress before concrete crushing. Figure (6) shows
the cracks developed in the central portion of the specimen immediately before
failure. The specimens M34-3-M1, M34-5-M1 and M34-8-M1 experienced debonding
between the TRM layers after steel rebar yielding. This failure mode is attributed to
high value of shear flow, which is higher than the bond between the textiles and
mortar, leading to failure by the interlaminar shear between layers. Therefore, using
mechanical anchors in specimen M34-8-M1-A improved the ultimate load and
delayed the delamination of textile plies. The specimen M34-5-M1 failed by steel
yielding followed by rupture of the textile and debonding with concrete substrate.
This may be reasoned to the good bond between textiles and mortar due to the
smaller mesh size compared to the specimens involving M34 mesh size.
C1
Sep 2021 | 161

M34-3-M1
M34-5-M1
M34-8-M1
M34-8-M2
Sep 2021 | 162

M5-8-M1
Figure (6): Failure Modes
3.2 Test results and discussion

Load mid-span deflection diagrams for all specimens are shown in Figures (7). All
specimens exhibited linear-elastic load-deflection relationship till the first crack. The
cracking load was observed at 4.0 kN for the control specimen and increased with
increasing of textile plies. The cracking load for specimens were observed to be
higher than the un-strengthened specimen (C1) by 45%, 139%, 167%, 136%, 121%,
and 133% for specimens M34-3-M1, M34-5-M1, M34-8-M1, M34-8-M2 M5-8-M, and
M34-8-M1-A, respectively. After cracking of concrete and before yielding of steel, the
load-deflection exhibited linear relationships with a slightly steeper slope (Lower
stiffness). Similarly, the reinforcement yield load was observed to progressively
increase with the increase in the strengthening number of plies. After steel yielding,
the effect of TRM was evident resulting in an increase in ultimate load proportional to
the textile amount, but also in a corresponding decrease in ductility. Based on the
measurements on the two sets of strain gauges, Figure (8) shows the experimental
strain readings at different load levels. It was observed that the strain decreases with
the increase in the number of plies. The lowest strain was observed for specimen
M34-8-M1-A, which indicates the effectiveness of the mechanical anchor in
enhancing the behavior.
Sep 2021 | 163

Figure 7: Load mid-span displacement for the tested slabs
Sep 2021 | 164

C1 M34-3-M1
M34-5-M1 M34-8-M1
M34-8-M2 M5-8-M1
Sep 2021 | 165

M34-8-M1-A
Figure (8): Experimental strain readings at different load levels
3.3 Effect of textile mesh size

To investigate the effect of mesh size on the flexural behavior, the percentage of
textile in specimen M5-8-M1 was chosen to be the same as specimen M34-3-M1. As
presented in Table (5), the ultimate load (Pu) of specimen M5-8-M1 was higher than
specimen M34-3-M1 by 27%. This is attributed to the specimens that strengthened
using grid of size M5 have a better bond with the matrix rather than the M34
specimens, due to higher surface area of grids.
3.4 Effect of number of textile plies
Figure (9) illustrates the effect of number of textile plies on the ultimate load of
tested slabs. As presented in Table (5), the ultimate load (Pu) of the BTRM
specimens had increased with the increase of the textile plies due to the increase of
the textile area and the axial stiffness. Increasing the number of plies to 5 and 8
increased the ultimate load by 28% and 48 %, respectively, compared to the three
plies specimen. The rate of ultimate load increase of the specimens was observed to
be reduced with the increase of the number of textile plies. This is due to the
debonding failure mode. Moreover, it was observed that increasing number of plies
increased both cracking and yield loads. Furthermore, increasing the number of plies
decreased the ductility affected by the reduction of deflection at failure.
Sep 2021 | 166

Figure (9): Effect of number of textile plies on ultimate load
3.5 Effect of mortar type

As shown in Table (5), the used mortar types have no significant difference. Since,
the used of mortar type M2 (Includes thixotropic mortar) increased the ultimate load
by 5% compared to mortar M1 (Polymer modified cementitious mortar reinforced
with glass fibers).
3.6 Effect of mechanical anchorage
As presented in Table (5), the use of mechanical anchorage increased the ultimate
load by 20%. The use of steel mechanical anchors in specimen M34-8-M1-A
improved the ultimate load and delayed the delamination of textile plies. However, it
is recommended to study the effect of using of mechanical anchorage made of FRP
to be more compatible with strengthening system.
4. Analytical Study
The analytical study was implemented according to the proposed model by ACI
549.4 [12]. The effective tensile strain level in the TRM fabric attained at failure (εfe)
is limited to the design tensile strain of the TRM fabric (εfd), as defined in Eq. [1]
[1]
Also, the effective tensile stress level in the TRM fabric attained at failure (ffe) in the
TRM composite is calculated in accordance with Eq. [2]
[2]
Nominal flexural strength was calculated by using ACI 318 [13] and ACI 549.4 [12].
First, the neutral axis depth (cu) satisfying the internal force equilibrium expressed by
Eqs. [3-8] was determined by the trial-and-error method:
[3]
[4]
Sep 2021 | 167

[5]
[6]
[ ]
[7]
[8]
[9]
√ [10]
[11]
[12]
Where:
Ts : Tensile force provided by tensile rebar
Tf : Tensile force provided by the TRM composite
C : Compressive force provided by concrete
As: Area of tensile steel rebar
Af: Area of the FRP fabric
fy : Yielding strength of steel rebar
n : Number of FRP fabrics
α1, and β1: Concrete stress block factor
εc: Compressive strain in the concrete
ε′c: strain attained in the maximum compressive strength of unconfined concrete
Ec: Elastic modulus of concrete
ffe: Strength of the TRM composite
εfe: Strain in the TRM composite
Ef: Elastic modulus of the TRM composite
The nominal flexural strength (Mn) can be calculated in accordance with the following
equations:
[13]
( ) [14
( ) [15]
Where d and h are the effective depth and height of specimen cross section,
respectively.
Sep 2021 | 168

Table (7): shows the comparison between the predicted and the experimental load
Experimental Predicted
Experimental/
No. Code ultimate load ultimate load
Predicted
(kN) (kN)
1 C1 10.79 9.88 1.09
2 M34-3-M1 19.15 15.1 1.26
3 M34-5-M1 24.42 21.0 1.16
4 M34-8-M1 28.40 27.0 1.05
5 M34-8-M1-A 34.00 27.0 1.25
6 M34-8-M2 29.60 27.0 1.09
7 M5-8-M1 24.37 11.3 2.15
Average 1.29±0.36
The ratios of the test result to the predicted ultimate load by ACI 549 [12] were
ranged from 1.05 to 2.15. The predicted values were underestimated compared to
experimental as the ACI549 [12] takes into consideration factor of safety.
5. Summary and Conclusions

This paper aimed to evaluate the flexural behavior of strengthened RC slabs using
basalt TRM through an experimental investigate and analytical study. Based on the
presentation and discussion of results above, the following conclusions was drawn:
1. The initial crack load, yield load and ultimate load was observed to increase
with the increase of number of plies.
2. The strain in the steel and concrete was observed to decrease with the
increase of number of TRM plies.
3. For the same reinforcement ratio, reducing of the mesh size resulted in
increasing the ultimate load capacity of the specimens by 27%, as the bond between
the textile and mortar is enhanced.
4. The use of mechanical anchor in the specimen was efficient to increase the
ultimate load by 20%.
5. ACI 549 is more conservative to prediction the ultimate load by average value
of 29%.
References
[1] ACI 440.3-12, “Guide Test Methods for Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) for
Reinforcing or Strengthening Concrete Structures,” pp. 1–23, 2012.
[2] Y. A. Al-Salloum, N. A. Siddiqui, H. M. Elsanadedy, A. A. Abadel, and M. A.
Aqel, “Textile-reinforced mortar versus FRP as strengthening material for seismically
deficient RC beam-column joints,” J. Compos. Constr., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 920–933,
2011.
Sep 2021 | 169

[3] F. J. De Caso Y Basalo, F. Matta, and A. Nanni, “Fiber reinforced cement-

based composite system for concrete confinement,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 32,
pp. 55–65, 2012.
[4] H. M. Elsanadedy, T. H. Almusallam, S. H. Alsayed, and Y. A. Al-Salloum,
“Flexural strengthening of RC beams using textile reinforced mortar - Experimental
and numerical study,” Compos. Struct., vol. 97, pp. 40–55, 2013.
[5] S. Babaeidarabad, G. Loreto, and A. Nanni, “Flexural Strengthening of RC
Beams with an Externally Bonded Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix,” J.
Compos. Constr., vol. 18, no. 5, p. 04014009, 2014.
[6] F. Schladitz, M. Frenzel, D. Ehlig, and M. Curbach, “Bending load capacity of
reinforced concrete slabs strengthened with textile reinforced concrete,” Eng. Struct.,
vol. 40, pp. 317–326, 2012.
[7] Z. R. Aljazaeri and J. J. Myers, “Flexure Performance of RC One-Way Slabs
Strengthened with Composite Materials,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 30, no. 7, p.
04018120, 2018.
[8] G. Loreto, L. Leardini, D. Arboleda, and A. Nanni, “Performance of RC Slab-
Type Elements Strengthened with Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious-Matrix
Composites,” J. Compos. Constr., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1–9, 2014.
[9] S. De Santis and G. De Felice, “Tensile behaviour of mortar-based
composites for externally bonded reinforcement systems,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol.
68, pp. 401–413, 2015.
[10] ASTM International, “ASTM C109 / C109M - 20b. Standard Test Method for
Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube
Specimens),” Annu. B. ASTM Stand., vol. 04, p. 9, 2020.
[11] Bureau of Indian Standards, “IS:5816-1999,2004 Splitting tensile strength of
concrete,” Bur. Indian Stand. Dehli, 2004.
[12] ACI 549.4-20, Guide to Design and Construction of Externally Bonded Fabric-
Reinforced and Steel-Reinforced Grout Systems for Repair and Strengthening of
Concrete Structures. 2020.
[13] ACI Committee 318. (2019). Building code requirements for structural
concrete (ACI 318-05) and commentary (ACI 318R-19). Farmington Hills, Mich.
:American Concrete Institute,
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Tianjin Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue yu Gongcheng Jishu Ban)/

Journal of Tianjin University Science and Technology

STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS USING

Ayman Shamseldein*, Fareed Elgabbas, Mohamed Kohail, Hany Elshafie

Sep 2021 | 153

Sep 2021 | 154

2.1. Test Specimens

Sep 2021 | 155

Figure (1): Reinforced details of the tested specimens

2.2. Test Matrix

Sep 2021 | 156

2.3. Material Properties

a) Textile mesh of size 5 mm (M5) c) Textile mesh of size 34 mm (M34)

Sep 2021 | 157

Figure (4): Test setup for textile specimens in tension

Table (2): The Average Mechanical Properties of Used Textiles

Table (3): Mix Proportions per Cubic Meter of Mortars (kg/m3)

Sep 2021 | 158

Cement based one component, polymer modified, fiber

Table (4): Mechanical Properties of Used Mortars

Table (5): Mechanical Properties of Reinforcing Steel Bars

Sep 2021 | 159

Figure (5): Test Setup

2.5. Strengthening Scheme

3. Test Results and Discussion

Table (5): Test Results: Loads and Strains

Sep 2021 | 160

Table (6): Test Results: Deflection

3.1. Failure Modes

Sep 2021 | 161

Sep 2021 | 162

3.2 Test results and discussion

Sep 2021 | 163

Figure 7: Load mid-span displacement for the tested slabs

Sep 2021 | 164

Sep 2021 | 165

3.3 Effect of textile mesh size

Sep 2021 | 166

Figure (9): Effect of number of textile plies on ultimate load

3.5 Effect of mortar type

Sep 2021 | 167

Sep 2021 | 168

5. Summary and Conclusions

Sep 2021 | 169

[3] F. J. De Caso Y Basalo, F. Matta, and A. Nanni, “Fiber reinforced cement-

Sep 2021 | 170

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