STATIC TYPE EARTH

FAULT RELAY

User Manual

Version 1.0

Technical Clarification /Suggestion :

/☎
Technical Support Division, JSK lab
instruments., Plot No :16-b, tropical
colony, Pallikaranai, Chennai -
600100, INDIA. Ph:7667134364 Mail :
sales.jsklab@gmail.com
STATIC TYPE EARTH FAULT RELAY

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

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1. INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES OF PROTECTION SYSTEM

In a power system consisting of generators, transformers, transmission and

distribution circuits, it is inevitable that some failure will occur somewhere in the system. When a
failure occurs on any part of the system, it must be quickly detected and disconnected from the main
supply. There are two principal reasons for it. Firstly, if the fault is not cleared quickly, it may cause
unnecessary interruption of service to the customers. Secondly, rapid disconnection of faulted
apparatus limits the amount of damage to it and prevents the effects of fault from spreading into the
system.
The detection of a fault and disconnection of a faulty section or apparatus can be achieved
by using fuses or relays in conjunction with circuit breakers. A fuse performs both detection and
interruption functions automatically but its use is limited for the protection of low-voltage circuits
only. For high voltage circuits, relays and circuit breakers are employed to serve the desired function
of automatic protective gear. The relays detect the fault and supply information to the circuit breaker,
which performs the function of circuit interruption.

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CHAPTER 2

SWITCHGEAR
AND
PROTECTION SYSTEM

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2. BASICS OF SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION SYSTEM

Switchgear

Refers to various equipment associated with switching of electrical plants and circuits during
normal and abnormal conditions.

Protective Relay

Refers to various subsystems associated with sensing the abnormal operating condition in
an electrical plant and consequent alarm, indication and tripping commands to circuit breaker.

Principle of operation

Fig - 2
The Protective Relays are connected in the secondary circuits of current transformers and/or
potential transformers. The Relay senses the abnormal condition and closes the trip circuit of
associated circuit breaker.

Abnormal Conditions

* Over loads
* Loss of synchronism
* Under voltage, Over voltage
* Under frequency
* Reversal of direction of power flow

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* Poor power factor

* Voltage swings and Current swings
* Temperature rise

Time characteristics of protective relays

The graph is plotted between Operating quantity ( X axis) and Operating time ( Y axis).

Fig - 3

Instantaneous Time Characteristic

The Relay picks up in certain shortest time without any intentional time delay. The
operating time is less than 0.2 seconds.

Inverse Time Characteristic

Operating time varies inversely with respect to operating quantity. e.g. Over current
protection.

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IDMT Characteristic

Inverse Definite Minimum Time Characteristic is combination of both characteristics of

above.

Applications of protection system

Over current protection - Feeders, Lines, Motors, Generators, Transformer, Load circuit,
Individual loads.
Over current protection - Feeders, Lines, Large Motors, Generators, Transformer, Load
circuit.
Differential protection - Large Transformer, Motor, Generator.
Carrier current protection (Phase comparison of carrier signals) - Feeders, Long over head
lines.

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CHAPTER 3

ABOUT THE TRAINER

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3. FRONT PANEL DIAGRAM OF STATIC TYPE EARTH FAULT RELAY

LCD - Display the selection, set mode and relay status.

Key functions of LCD Display

- Selecting increment

- Selecting decrement

- Cursor movement

- Enter

- Reset the relay system

‘9' PIN ‘D’ Connector - Used for PC Interfacing

Power - Power ON/OFF the Switch

LED (Indication)

Aux. Supply - Glows when Auxiliary supply is turned ON.

Alarm - Glows when 80% of set current value is reached.

Trip - Glows when relay is tripped due to over current.

CT Input (1&2) - To apply variable input current (0 - 20A).

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RELAY CONTACTS
NO - Normally open
NC - Normally Closed
COM - Common

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CHAPTER 4

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

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Experiment No. – 1
STATIC TYPE EARTH FAULT RELAY (DMT TYPE)
1.1 AIM

To study the operation of STATIC TYPE EARTH FAULT RELAY in DMT Type Using
STATIC TYPE EARTH FAULT RELAY module.
1.2 CONNECTION DIAGRAM

The connection diagram of STATIC TYPE EARTH FAULT RELAY in DMT Type is
shown in fig-1.1.

Fig. 1.1(Connection Diagram)

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1.3 RESOURCES

1. Module - 1 no

2. Power Cords - 2 nos

3. Patch Cords - 4 nos

1.4 PROCEDURE
1.4.1 Connection

1. Connections should be given as shown in Figure 1.1.

2. Connect output terminals (1, 2) of Module to CT input terminals (1, 2) of Module.

3. Keep the current source varies at zero position.

4. Now switch on the power supply of variable AC current source and Over current Relay.
Now the auxiliary supply LED glows.

1.4.2 Testing Procedure For 'Controller Mode’

1. Before you going to do Controller mode you should know about key functions.

- Selecting increment

- Selecting decrement

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- Cursor movement

- Enter

- Reset the relay system

2. Initially keep the current source pot at minimum position. Now press RESET button and
START button of Current Source.
3. The display of STATIC TYPE EARTH FAULT RELAY shows
NUMERICAL RELAY
ACT CURRENT:

4. Press , now the display shows,

PASSWORD
0000

5. Select 1000 by pressing ENTER KEY , now the display shows,

SET CURRENT :00.00

6. To press CURSOR KEY using set current .

7. The display shows,

SET CURRRENT 00.00A

ACTUAL CURRENT 00.00A

To set current value, use the for curser movement and & for increasing

and decreasing the current value.

8. For example if you set the current value as 10A, now the display shows,
SET CURRRENT 10.00A
ACTUAL CURRENT 00.00A

9. After setting the current value, press now the display shows

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1.DMT
2IDMT
3.INSTANTANUOUS

10. For example if you set the time value as 5sec, now the display shows,

SET TIME 05.00sec

(0-50.00 sec)

11. After setting the time value, press . Now increase the supply current given to the over
current Relay by increasing the knob of Current source. When 80% of set current is reached
the Alarm LED glows.
12. Gradually increase the current value above the set value. The display of over current Relay
module shows,

SET CURRRENT 10.00A

ACTUAL CURRENT 11.50A

13. At the instant the relay time is started to trip relay. After the set time (here, 5sec) relay
will trip and the Trip LED glows.
14. After the tripping of relay the display of over current Relay module shows,

RELAY TRIPPED DUE TO

Over current
15. Noted down the readings from display.

16. Keep the current source variac at zero position.

1.6 OBSERVATION & TABULATION
1.6.1 Tabulation :

Actual relay
Set Current
S. No Fault Current (A) Set Time (Sec) tripping Time
(A)
(sec)
STATIC TYPE EARTH FAULT RELAY

Experiment No. – 2
STATIC TYPE EARTH FAULT RELAY (IDMT TYPE)

2.1 AIM

To study the operation of STATIC TYPE EATH FAULT RELAY in IDMT Type Using
STATIC TYPE EARTH FAULT RELAY module.

2.2 FORMULA

Where,

t - Trip time which is automatically calculated by microprocessor

TMS - Set time (Time Multiplier Setting)
K, α, C - Constant
I - Fault Current
IS - Set Current
K = 0.14
α = 0.02
C=0

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2.3 CONNECTION DIAGRAM

The connection diagram of STATIC TYPE EARTH FAULT RELAY in IDMT Type
is shown in fig-2.1

Fig. 2.1(Connection Diagram)

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2.4 APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. Over current module -1 no

2. Power Cords - 2 nos

3. Patch Cords - 4 nos

2.5 PROCEDURE
2.5.1 Connection

1. Connections should be given as shown in Figure 2.1.

2. Connect output terminal (1) of Current Source to CT input terminal (1) of Module
3. Connect output terminal (2) of Current Source to CT input terminal (2) ACC Module.
4. Connect the relay contacts terminal (NO) of Earth Fault Relay module to the input NO
terminal (1) of ACC Module.
5. Connect the power cords at the back side of Module.
6. Keep the current source variac at zero position.
7. Now switch on the power supply of Module. Now the auxiliary supply LED glows.

2.5.2 Testing Procedure for 'Controller Mode’

10. Before you going to do Controller mode you should know about key functions.

- Selecting increment
- Selecting decrement
- Cursor movement
- Enter

- Reset the relay system

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11. Initially keep the current source pot at minimum position. Now press RESET button and
START button of Current Source.
12. The display of STATIC
13. TYPE EARTH FAULT RELAY shows

NUMERICAL RELAY
ACT CURRENT:00

13. Press , now the display shows,

PASSWORD
0000

14. Select 1000 then enter

Set current:10.00
Act current:00.00

Then enter
15. To select IDMT press .,then display shows set time :0.1,then enter
16. The display shows,
Normal very
Extremely
Very long

To select type &

17. now the display shows,

g
SET CURRRENT 10.00A
ACTUAL CURRENT 00.00A

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20. After setting the time value, press . Now increase the supply current given to the Earth Fault
Relay by increasing the knob of Current source. When 80% of set current is reached the
Alarm LED glows.
21. Gradually increase the current value above the set value. The display of Earth Fault Relay
module shows,
SET CURRRENT 10.00A
ACTUAL CURRENT 12.50A

22. When the actual current is increased above the set current then the trip time will be calculated

by the processor and after the t seconds the relay trips and the Trip LED glows.

23. The calculated time for relay tripping is obtained from the formula.

TMS - Time Multiplier Setting

The IDMT used is of normal inverse type. So the values of k, α, C are constant and are K
= 0.14, α = 0.02 and C = 0. I is the Fault Current and Is is the Set Current of the relay unit.
Do the procedure for various set voltage value & noted down the readings in tabulation. Press
the reset button to get normal position.
24. After the tripping of relay the display of Earth Fault Relay module shows,

RELAY TRIPPED DUE TO

Over current

25. Note down the readings from display.

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2.6 OBSERVATIONS & TABULATIONS

2.6.1 Tabulation:

S. No Set current Trip current Time setting Calculated

(A) (A) multiplier relay

(sec) tripping time

(sec)
STATIC TYPE EARTH FAULT RELAY

2.7 RESULT:

Thus, the STATIC TYPE EARTH FAULT RELAY was tested

successfully