Paint

Local chemical industry

Background
+ The term "paint" is used to describe a substances that are
made up of a pigment suspended in a liquid.
+ Paint provides decoration and protection for the surface to
which it is applied.
+ Early artists made their own paint using natural earth pigments.
+ The development of paints began when the old artists began
mixing resin with oils and natural colored materials.
+ Thomas Child created the first American paint mill in Boston
around 1700. D. P. Flinn received a patent for a water-based
paint in 1865.
+ Prior to 1930, stone mills were used to grind pigment; however,
steel balls eventually took their place. Today, easily dispersible
pigments are ground in sand mills and high-speed dispersion
mixers.
+ Previously, the use of paints was limited to storefronts due to
the scarcity of paints. Today, paints are applied to all surfaces
that are desired to be protected and attractive.
Raw Materials
+ A paint composed of :
ØPigments: give the paint color .

ØSolvents :make it easier to apply .

ØResins :help it dry .

ØVarious additives :as everything from fillers to antifungicidal agents .

Pigmints
+ Hundreds of different pigments, both natural and synthetic,
exist. The basic white pigment is titanium dioxide, selected for
its excellent concealing properties, and black pigment is
commonly made from carbon black. Other pigments used to
make paint include iron oxide and cadmium sulfide for reds,
metallic salts for yellows and oranges, and iron blue and
chrome yellows for blues and greens.
Solvent
+ Solvents are a variety of volatile, low viscosity liquids.
Petroleum mineral spirits, aromatic solvents like benzol,
alcohols, esters, ketones, and acetone, as well as mineral
spirits are among them.
Resins
+ Linseed, coconut, and soybean oils are the most widely used
natural resins, whereas alkyds, acrylics, epoxies, and
polyurethanes are some of the most widely used synthetic
resins.
Various additives
+ Additives serve many purposes. Some, such as aluminum
silicate and calcium carbonate, are only fillers that give the
paint body and substance without altering its qualities. Other
additives offer paint particular desirable properties, such as
thixotropic agents, which give paint its smooth texture, driers,
anti-settling, anti-skinning, defoamers, and a lot of other
substances, which allow paint to cover properly and persist for
a long time
 The pig is a highly specialist device with an
interference fit with the inside of the pipeline. This
enables the pig to recover the residual liquid product
from the pipe to its destination (tank, packaging,
storage etc.).
Pigging also reduces the amount of waste
produced. By reclaiming product from the
pipeline

WHAT IS PIGGING?

Pigging enables manufacturers to become more

efficient in their manufacturing process. This is
through lowering water usage, cutting waste, making Pigments give the color, consistency and
processing faster, maximizing cleaning processes durability of the finished product.
and reducing energy consumption and carbon
emissions.
 There are four main uses
Types of pigs The benefits of pigging
for pigs:
•
• • • Physical separation between
• Gauging • Reduced Waste and Less different fluids flowing through the
pipeline
• Production Downtime
•
• Cleaning • Faster Changeovers •
• using Less Resources • Internal cleaning of pipelines
• Separation. • Improved Environmental •
Sustainability •
• Inspection of the condition of pipeline
• Lower Water walls (also known as an Inline
Consumption Inspection (ILI) tool)
• Less use of CIP •
•
Chemicals and Cleaning
• Capturing and recording geometric
Agents information relating to pipelines
• Minimized Contamination (e.g., size, position)
and Cross-
Contamination Risks
• Higher Profits,
Productivity and
Efficienc
Quality Control
+ A finished paint is inspected for its :

Fineness of
Density Dispersion
grind

Bleed Rate of
Viscosity
resistance drying

Aesthetic Functional
Texture
components qualities
Aesthetic components
1. Color: is checked by an experienced observer and by spectral analysis to
see if it matches a standard desired color.
2. Resistance of the color to fading: caused by the elements is determined by
exposing a portion of a painted surface to an arc light and comparing
the amount of fading to a painted surface that was not so exposed.
3. Paint's hiding power: is measured by painting it over a black surface and a
white surface. The ratio of coverage on the black surface to coverage on
the white surface is then determined, with .98 being high-quality paint.
4. Gloss: is measured by determining the amount of reflected light given off a
painted surface.
+
Functional qualities
1. Mar resistance: which entails scratching or abrading a dried coat of paint.
2. Adhesion: is tested by making a crosshatch, calibrated to .07 inch (2 millimeters), on
a dried paint surface. A piece of tape is applied to the crosshatch, then pulled off;
good paint will remain on the surface.
3. Scrubbability: is tested by a machine that rubs a soapy brush over the paint's
surface.
4. Weathering: is tested by exposing the paint to outdoor conditions. Artificial
weathering exposes a painted surface to sun, water, extreme temperature,
humidity, or sulfuric gases.
5. Fire retardancy: is checked by burning the paint and determining its weight loss. If
the amount lost is more than 10 percent, the paint is not considered fire-resistant.
+
The Manufacturing 
Process
+
+ 1.Making the paste: Pigment manufacturers send bags of fine grain pigments to paint plants. There, the pigment is premixed with resin (a wetting
agent that assists in moistening the pigment), one or more solvents, and additives to form a paste.
+ 2.Dispersing the pigment :The paste mixture for most industrial and some consumer paints is now routed into a sand mill ( a large cylinder that
agitates tiny particles of sand or silica to grind the pigment particles), making them smaller and dispersing them throughout the mixture.
+ The mixture is then filtered to remove the sand particles.
+ up to 90 percent of the water-based paints designed for use by individual homeowners are instead processed in a high-speed dispersion tank. There,
the premixed paste is subjected to high-speed agitation by a circular, toothed blade attached to a rotating shaft. This process blends the pigment
into the solvent.
+ 3.Thinning the paste:Whether created by a sand mill or a dispersion tank, the paste must now be thinned to produce the final product. Transferred
to large kettles, it is agitated with the proper amount of solvent for the type of paint desired.
+ 4.Canning the paint :The finished paint product is then pumped into the canning room, empty cans are first rolled horizontally onto labels, then
set upright so that the paint can be pumped into them. A machine places lids onto the filled cans, and a second machine presses on the lids to seal
them. A certain number of cans (usually four) are then boxed and stacked before being sent to the warehouse.
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