In Maths, sets are a collection of well-defined objects or elements.

A set is represented by a capital

letter symbol and the number of elements in the finite set is represented as the cardinal number of a
set in a curly bracket {…}. For example, set A is a collection of all the natural numbers, such as A =
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,…..∞}. 

The sets are represented in curly braces, {}. For example, {2,3,4} or {a,b,c} or {Bat, Ball,
Wickets}. The elements in the sets are depicted in either the Statement form, Roster Form or
Set Builder Form.

What are the types of Sets?

 Empty Set or Null set: It has no element present in it. ...
 Finite Set: It has a limited number of elements. ...
 Infinite Set: It has an infinite number of elements. ...
 Equal Set: Two sets which have the same members.

Operations on Sets

Operation Notation Meaning

Intersection A∩B all elements which are in both A and B

Union A∪B all elements which are in either A or B (or both)

Difference A−B all elements which are in A but not in B

Complement ˉA (or AC ) all elements which are not in A

Example 1:

Let A={1,2,3,4}A={1,2,3,4} and let B={3,4,5,6}B={3,4,5,6} .
Then:

A∩B={3,4}A∩B={3,4}
A∪B={1,2,3,4,5,6}A∪B={1,2,3,4,5,6}
A−B={1,2}A−B={1,2}
AC={all real numbers except 1,2,3 and 4}AC={all real numbers except 1,2,3 and 
4}
Example 2:

Let A={y,z}A={y,z} and let B={x,y,z}B={x,y,z} .
Then:

A∩B={y,z}A∪B={x,y,z}A−B=∅AC={everything except y and z}