Figure 14.

1 Varying capacity and utilisation along a supply chain

 Exports UK Manufacturers Imports Suppliers

Wholesalers Cash and carry

Wholesalers

Retail multiples
Inedpendent
Catering trade
Retailers
retailers

Figure 14.3 Structure of the UK frozen food industry

 1. Identify the logistics process to benchmark
and the measures of performance

2. Find the competitor with best performance

and collect information on its operations

3. Compare operations, find and analyse

differences in performance

4. Find reasons for the difference in performance

and look for ways of overcoming them

5. Redesign the process in the light of these

analyses and establish new performance goals

6. Implement plans, monitor progress

and continue benchmarking

Figure 14.4 Steps in benchmarking

 Figure 14.5 A flow chart for the
proceess of making a purchase.

Receive requestfor Check budgets and Send RFQ to shortlist Follow-up Yes Do necessary
purchase get clearance of suppliers needed? follow-up

No

Pick best quote

No
Yes
Sort-out Yes Issue purchase Satisfactory Discuss, negotiate
Problems?
problems order result? and finalise

No

Arrange payment
Process chart
Number Description
1 Get details of deliver
2 Unload lorry
3 Check goods
4 Move to storage
5 Store
6 Take from store
7 Move to consolidation
8 Wait for check
9 Check goods
10 Move to shelves
11 Put onto shelves
Totals
Figure 14.6 Example of a process chart
Operation Move Store Delay Inspect Time Distance Comment
X 10
X 45
X 25
X 15 100
X 450
X 15
X 10 75
X 20
X 15
X 12 110
X 30
647 285
 2 5 8

10 11
1 4 6

3 7

Figure 14.8 Precedence diagram for worked example

Multiple activity chart

Time Operator 1 Operator 2 Machine A Machine B Machine C

2 Load A Load B Load Load
4 Load A Load B Load Load
6 Load A Load B Load Load
8 Load C Operate Operate Load
10 Load C Operate Operate Load
12 Load C Operate Operate Load
14 Unload A Unload B Unload Unload Operate
16 Unload A Unload B Unload Unload Operate
18 Load A Load B Load Load Operate
20 Load A Load B Load Load
22 Load A Load B Load Load
24 Unload C Operate Operate Unload
26 Unload C Operate Operate Unload
28 Load C Operate Operate Load
30 Unload A Load C Unload Load

Totals 24 24 30 28 20

Figure 14.9 Example of a multiple activity chart