PROJECT:-PINNAPURAM PUMPING SCHEME

TITLE:- Design of Anchor blocks for above ground level 1700mm Dia. MS Pipe line
Design of Anchor Block -2
At ch 250 m

Refer IS Code IS:5330-1984 Criteria for design of Anchor blocks for Penstocks

d = inside diameter of pipe in m, 1.7 m

f = Co-efficient of friction of pipe on piers. For pedestal supports

deteriorated, Clause 5.5 of IS 5330 – 1984 )(steel on steel greased) 0.25

f’ = friction of expansion joint per mt of circumference = 1.5*u*w*H*e

w = unit weight of water in kn/cum. 10 kn/cum

A = cross-sectional area of pipe at anchor in Sq.m. = =22*1.7^2/28 2.271 sq.m

A’ = cross-sectional area of pipe above upper reducer in Sq.m. =22*1.7^2/28 2.271 sq.m

A” = cross-sectional area of pipe below lower reducer in Sq.m. =22*1.7^2/28 2.271 sq.m

H = maximum head at any point including water hammer in m,

t = thickness of pipe shell in mm u/s of anchor 14 mm

t = thickness of pipe shell in mm d/s of anchor 14 mm

D= outer dia of pipe u/s of anchor = =1.7+2*14/1000 1.728 m

D= outer dia of pipe d/s of anchor ==1.7+2*14/1000 1.728 m

Q = flow in Cum/Sec. 5.1 cum/sec

C/C of saddle supports 12 m

V = velocity in m/s, = =5.1/2.271 2.246 m/sec

2
g = acceleration due to gravity in m/sec2 , 9.810 m/sec

P = dead weight of pipe from anchor uphill to expansion joint in KN,= =0.75*150.001*0.075+0.25*(150.001-8)*0.075)*7850/100 494.582 KN
W = weight of water in pipe P in KN, = =150.001*2.271*10 1403.637 KN

P’ = dead weight of pipe downhill from anchor to expansion joint in N,

= =0.75*8*0.075+0.25*8*0.075)*7850/100 47.100 KN

W’ = weight of water in pipe P’ in N, = =8*2.271*10 181.680 KN

αu = slope angle of penstock upstream of anchor, 0.802 degrees

0.014 radians
αd = slope angle of penstock downstream of anchor, 0.172
=0.437999999999988/(150)) 0.003
p = weight of pipe and contained water from anchor to adjacent
uphill pier in KN, =12*((0.075*0.25+0.075*0.75)*78.5+10*2.271) 343.170 Kn
W(p+w)=

p’ = weight of pipe and contained water from anchor to adjacent

downhill pier in KN, W(p+w)'= 343.170 Kn

a = cross-sectional area of pipe shell at uphill expansion joint in

Sq.m, at supports = =(1.728^2-1.7^2)*22/28 0.075 sq.m
a = cross-sectional area of pipe shell at uphill expansion joint in
Sq.m, at mid span ==(1.728^2-1.7^2)*22/28 0.075 sq.m

a’ = cross-sectional area of pipe shell at downhill expansion joint in

Sq.m.at supports 0.075 sq.m
a’ = cross-sectional area of pipe shell at downhill expansion joint in
Sq.m.at mid span 0.075 sq.m

e = packing length in m, 0.150 m

Ch. At anchor block-1a 30.0000 m

Ch. At anchor block-1 100.0000 m

C/l of penstock at anchor block-1a 262.350 m

C/l of penstock at anchor block-1 263.350 m

Horizontal distance between anchor block 1&2 =100-30)2 70.000 m

Vertical distance between the anchor blocks =263.35-262.35 1.000

L = length of the delivery line between Anchor blocks 1& 2 = =sqrt(70^2+1^2) 70.007 m

Ch. At anchor block-1 100.0000 m

Ch. At anchor block-2 250.0000 m

C/l of penstock at anchor block-2 263.350 m

C/l of penstock at anchor block-3 263.788 m

Horizontal distance between anchor block 2&3 =250-100)+2 150.000 m

Vertical distance between the anchor blocks =263.788-263.35 0.438

L = length of the delivery line between Anchor blocks 2& 3 = =sqrt(150^2+0.437999999999988^2) 150.001 m

u= co-efficient of friction between packing and liner, as per cl.5.5.1 0.260

u‘ = co-efficient of internal friction between foundation, concrete and

foundation, 0.500

K = weight of anchor in N,

Σ V’ = total vertical forces,

= shearing strength in N/sq.m under saturated

condition,

a” = area under compression in Sq.m, and

Σ T = total horizontal forces,

E.L of c/l of pipe at Anchor block at design point =h1 263.350 m
E.L of highest level of water during upsurge =h2 341.000 m
=341-263.35 77.650 m

Max. head considering water hammer effect 93.180 m

Friction losses 34.500

Total head at anchor block 2 = 127.680 m

f’ =1.5 *u *w*H*e = at d/s of anchor block-2 =1.5*0.26*10*127.68*0.15 74.693 Kn

f’ =1.5 *u *w*H*e = at d/s of anchor block-1 =1.5*0.26*10*113.15*0.15 66.193 Kn

Calculation of Forces:
1) Hydrostatic force acting along axis of pipe on each side bend
 Fs = w.A.H. = =10*2.271*127.68 2899.613 Kn

2) Dynamic force acting against outside of bend ( Fd )

Fd = Q.W.V/g = =5.1*10*2.246/9.81 11.676 Kn

3)Force due to dead weight of pipe from anchor uphill to expansion

joint, tending to slide downhill over pier
Du = P.Sin αu = =(494.582)*"sin"(0.014) 6.924 Kn

4)Force due to dead weight of pipe from anchor downhill to

expansion joint tending to slide downhill over pier
Dd = P'. sin αd = =47.1*"sin"(0.014) 0.141 Kn

5)Sliding friction of pipe on piers due to expansion or contraction

uphill from anchor
Spu = f.cos αu (P+W-p/2)
=0.25*"cos"(0.014)*(494.582+1403.637 -343.17/2 431.616 Kn

6) Sliding friction of pipe on piers due to expansion or contraction

downhill from anchor
Spd = f cos αd (P' + W' - p' / 2)

=0.25*(0.014)*(47.1+181.68-343.17/2 14.299 Kn
7) Sliding friction of uphill expansion joint Seu = f'π(d+2t)/1000
Seu = =66.193*(22/7)*(1.7*1000+2*14)/1000 359.485 Kn

8)Sliding friction of downhill expansion joint

Sed = =74.693*(22/7)*(1.7*1000+2*14)/1000 405.647 Kn

9) Hydrostatic pressure on exposed end of pipe in uphill expansion

joint
Fu = waH = =10*0.075*113.15 84.863 Kn
10) Hydrostatic pressure on exposed end of pipe in downhill
expansion joint
Fd=wa’H = =10*0.075*127.68 95.76 Kn
11) Longitudinal force due to reducer above anchor
Lu = wH(A’-A) = =10*93.18*(2.271-2.271) 0 Kn
12) Longitudinal force due to reducer below anchor
Ld =wA(A-A") = =10*93.18*(2.271-2.271) 0 Kn

Weight of Anchor Block:

Considering the sliding factor of 0.5 for concrete on rock as per Cl.7.2 of
IS 5330 -1984
H= = 0.5 (V+Wa + W (p+w))
Where
H = Horizontal Force.
V = Vertical Force.
W(p+w)'= =12*((0.075*0.25+0.075*0.75)*78.5+10*2.271) 343.170 kn

Calculation of H & V:

Expanding Condition:

H= =(1+2+3+5+7+9+11) Cos αu -(1+2-4+6+8+10-12) Cos αd

=(2899.613+11.676+6.924+431.616+359.485+84.863+0)*COS(0.003)- 367.642 Kns

(2899.613+11.676-0.141+14.299+405.647+95.76-0)*COS(0.014)

V= =(1+2+3+5+7+9+11) Sin αu - (1+2-4+6+8+10-12) Sin αd

=(2899.613+11.676+6.924+431.616+359.485+84.863+0)*"SIN"(0.003)- -36.592 Kns

(2899.613+11.676-0.141+14.299+405.647+95.76-0)*"SIN"(0.014)

For Contraction Condition:

H= = (1+2+3-5-7+9+11) Cosαu – (1+2-4-6-8+10-12) Cos αd

=(2899.613+11.676+6.924-431.616-359.485+84.863+0)*COS(0.003)- -374.743 Kns

(2899.613+11.676-0.141-14.299-405.647+95.76-0)*COS(0.014)

V= = (1+2+3-5-7+9+11) SIN αu - (1+2-4-6-8+10-12) SIN αd

=(2899.613+11.676+6.924-431.616-359.485+84.863+0)*SIN(0.003)- -29.58 Kns

(2899.613+11.676-0.141-14.299-405.647+95.76-0)*SIN(0.014)

Substituting the values of H, V & W(p+w) in the above equation.

For Expanding Condition:
H= = 0.5 ( + V +Wa + W(p+w)

Wa = =H/.5 -(V+W(p+w)
Wa =(Wt. of Anchor Block )= =-((367.642/0.5)-(-36.592+343.17)) -428.706 Kns

For Contraction Condition:

H= = 0.5 ( + V +Wa + W(p+w)

Wa = =H/.5 -(V+W(p+w)

Wa =(Wt. of Anchor Block )'= =-((-374.743/0.5)-(-29.58+343.17)) 1063.076 Kns

Considering the max of the above two values of Wa

Volume of Anchor Block = Wt.of Concrete/Density of concrete = =1063.076/25 42.523 cum

Considering Seismic effects:

Basic horizontal Seismic Coefficient = ( for Zone-II) 0.02

From Table-2 of IS 1893 – 1984

Design Horizontal Seismic Co-efficient &h.

h = BI & o ( As per cl.3.4.2.3 pf IS 1893 – 1984 )
B = a Coefficient depending upon the soil foundation system =

= 1.0 (from Table- 3 of IS 1893 – 1984 ) 1.00

I = a factor depending upon the importance of the structure

= 1.5 (from table-4 of 1893 – 1984 ) 1.5

&h = =1*1.5*0.02 0.03

&v = Vertical Seismic coefficient = ½ x &h =0.5*0.03 0.015

(as per cl.3.45 of IS 1893 – 1984 )

For Expanding Condition:
H + 0.03 (Wa + W(p+w)) = =0.5 (+V-0.015 (Wa+W(p+w)) + Wa+W(p+w))
.4625Wa = = (H-.5v-.4625W(p+w))
 Wa = (Wt. of Anchor Block )'= =-(367.642-0.5*-36.592-0.4625*343.17)/0.4625 -491.291 Kn

Volume of concrete = =-491.291/25 -19.652 cum

For Contraction Condition:

H + 0.03 (Wa + W(p+w)) = =0.5 (+V-0.015 (Wa+W(p+w)) + Wa+W(p+w))
.4625Wa = = (H-.5v-.4625W(p+w))

Wa = (Wt. of Anchor Block )'= =-(-374.743-0.5*-29.58-0.46255*343.17)/0.4625 1121.484 Kn

Volume of concrete = =1121.484/25 44.859 cum

Minimum thickness of concrete required over the steel liner.

Static internal pressure in the pipe = p = wh = =10*127.68 1276.8 Kn/sq.m

Considering the Effect of water hammer effect Max. pressure 1276.8 Kn/sq.m

Design the anchor block for composite section of steel liner and concrete.

Thick of M25 grade concrete all round the Delivery line= 0.75 m

1) Max water Level in reservoir = H1 341.00 m

2) C / L of D/l at anchor block no:2 263.35 m
As per I.S 11639 ( Part - 2) 1995 ,
Pressure shared by steel liner of D/L is given by :
Ps = P*(1/(1+(Ec x R / Es x T)*(1- μs2)/(K1+μc))

P = Total Internal Pressure =(341-263.35)*1000 1276800 N/Sq.m

R = Internal radius of Delivery line =1.7/2 0.85 m
Dia of Delivery line = 1.7 m
C = radius of Extreme surface of Concrete =0.85+0.75 1.6 m
t = Thickness of steel lining = 0.014 m
Ec = Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete=
=5000 fck =5000*(20)*10^6 2.24E+10 N/Sq.m

= 2.10E+11
Es = Modulus of Elasticity of Steel N/Sq.m

= 0.25
μs = Poisson's ratio of Steel
= 0.15
μc = Poisson's ratio of Concrete

= 6.47
Ec x R / Es x T =

1.79
K1 =(C2 + R2) /(C2 - R2) =(1.6^2+0.85^2)/(1.6^2-0.85^2)

(1- μs2)/(K1+μc) = =(1-0.25^2)/(1.786+0.15) 0.484

Ps = 309223 N/Sq.m

P = Pressure shared by concrete =1276800-309222.922 967577 N/Sq.m

0.9676 N/Sq.mm
Design of hoop reinforcement:
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar = 500 N/Sq.m.m
Hoop tensile stresss in concrete = 0.9676 N/Sq.mm
Hoop tension per metre length of pipe = 725682.8085 N
726 Kn

Allowable tensile stress for reint. Steel .= .55Fy 275 N/Sq.m.m

2
Area of Steel Required(Fe500) =725682.8085/275 2638.85 mm
However Provide 25 dia 180 c/c
as Hoop reinforcement around pipe line
2 2
Area of steel provided = 2728.175 mm > 2638.85 mm
Longitudinal Reinforcement (distribution reint.) = 0.12 %
Thickness of Concrete = 750 mm
2
Longitudinal Reinforcement = 0.12% = =0.12*750*1000/100 900 mm
2
Reinforcement on each face =900/2 450 mm
However Provide 12 dia 200 c/c
2
Reinforcement provided = =22/28*12^2*1000/200 565.71 > 450.00 mm
Hence, O.K.
Base width of Anchor Block:

V = unbalance vertical Force -36.592 Kn

H = unbalance Horizontal Force. 367.642 Kn

Wa = Wt. of anchor block

Based on the above analysis a cover of concrete of .5 mts is provided.
Provide length of the Anchor block 6 m
Width of the Anchor block = c/c of D/L 3.228 m
Depth of Anchor block( Considering 1m depth of foundation) 4.228 m
Volume of Concrete = =6*3.228*4.228-22/28*1.7^2*6) 68.264 cu. M
> 44.859
Hence ok
Wa = =68.264*25 1706.6 kn
Wa+V= =1706.6+-36.592 1670.008 kn

Tan α = H/(Wa+V) = =367.642/1670.008 0.22

α= =(0.22) 0.217 Radians

=0.217*180/() 12.433 Degrees
Ht. C/L of pipe above Foundation level=h 2.628 m
Tan α = e/h
e = h*tanα =2.628*0.22 0.578 m
Hence the base length of anchor block to avoid tension = 6*e
=6*0.578 3.468 m
However provide length of anchor block = 6 m

Maximum and minimum stress at the base of Anchor Block.

Max stress = ((Wa+V)/b*d) *(1+6e/b)

(Wa+V)/(b*d) = =1670.008/(3.228*6) 86.225 KN/sq.m
(1+6*e/b)= =1+3.468/6 1.578

Max.stress= =(86.225*1.578) 136.063 KN/Sq.m<250Kn/sq.mm

Minimum Stress =
(1-6*e/b) =1-3.468/6 0.422

Minimum Stress = ((Wa+V)/b*d) *(1-6e/b) =86.225*0.422 36.387 KN/Sq.m<250Kn/sq.mm

Surface Reinforcement:
As per IS-456-2000 Minimum reinforcement of 0.12% is required in each direction to take care of temperature and shrinkage stresses.
Longitudinal Reinforcement (distribution reint.) = 0.12 %
Thickness of Concrete = 750 mm
2
Longitudinal & TransverceReinforcement = 0.12% = 900 mm
 2
Reinforcement on each face =720/2 450 mm
However Provide 12 dia 200 c/c
2
Reinforcement provided = '= 565.71 > 450.00 mm
Hence, O.K.
Anchor Rods:
The anchor block is safe against sliding, however provide T25 @
2.0mts. c/c anchor rods both ways for additional factor of
safety, (2.0M into rock and 1.0m into concrete)