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New Types of Fuzzy Bi-Ideals In Ordered Semigroups

Article  in  Neural Computing and Applications · August 2012

DOI: 10.1007/s00521-012-0843-3

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Neural Comput & Applic (2012) 21 (Suppl 1):S295–S305
DOI 10.1007/s00521-012-0843-3
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
New types of fuzzy bi-ideals in ordered semigroups
Asghar Khan • Nor Haniza Sarmin •
Bijan Davvaz • Faiz Muhammad Khan
Received: 14 March 2011 / Accepted: 12 January 2012 / Published online: 10 February 2012
 Springer-Verlag London Limited 2012
Abstract In Jun et al. (Bull Malays Math Sci Soc (2)
32(3):391–408, 2009), (a, b)-fuzzy bi-ideals are introduced
and some characterizations are given. In this paper, we
generalize the concept of (a, b)-fuzzy bi-ideals and define
(2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideals in ordered semigroups, which is
a generalization of the concept of an (a, b)-fuzzy bi-ideal
in an ordered semigroup. Using this concept, some char-
acterization theorems of regular, left (resp. right) regular
and completely regular ordered semigroups are provided.
In the last section, we give the concept of upper/lower parts
of an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal and investigate some
interesting results of regular and intra-regular ordered
semigroups.
Keywords Regular, left (resp. right) regular and
completely regular ordered semigroups  Bi-ideals 
Fuzzy bi-ideals  ð2; 2 _qk Þ-fuzzy bi-ideals
A. Khan (&)
Department of Mathematics, COMSAT Institute of Information
Technology, Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa, Abbottabad, Pakistan
e-mail: azhar4set@yahoo.com
N. H. Sarmin  F. M. Khan
Department of Mathematical Sciences,
Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
e-mail: nhs@utm.my
F. M. Khan
e-mail: faiz_zady@yahoo.com
B. Davvaz
Department of Mathematics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
e-mail: bdavvaz@yahoo.com
1 Introduction
The fundamental concept of a fuzzy set, introduced by
Zadeh [21], provides a natural frame-work for generalizing
several basic notions of algebra. A new type of fuzzy
subgroup, that is, the (a, b)-fuzzy subgroup, was intro-
duced in an earlier paper of Bhakat and Das [1, 2] by using
the combined notions of ‘‘belongingness’’ and ‘‘quasi-
coincidence’’ of a fuzzy point and a fuzzy set. In particular,
the concept of an (2; 2 _q)-fuzzy subgroup is a useful
generalization of Rosenfeld’s fuzzy subgroup [17]. Davvaz
[5] introduced the concept of (2; 2 _q)-fuzzy sub-near-ring
(R-subgroups, ideals) of a near-ring and investigated some
of their properties. Davvaz and Khan [3] discussed some
characterizations of regular ordered semigroups in terms of
(a, b)-fuzzy generalized bi-ideals of ordered semigroups,
where a; b 2 f2; q; 2 _q; 2 ^qg and a 6¼2 ^q. Also Khan
et al. introduced the concept of an (a, b)-fuzzy interior
ideals and gave some basic properties of ordered semi-
groups in terms of this notion (see [12]). In [18], regular
semigroups are characterized by the properties of
(2; 2 _q)-fuzzy ideals. Jun [8], introduced the concept of
(2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy subalgebras of a BCK/BCI-algebra and
gave some basic properties of BCK-algebras. In [19],
Shabir et al. gave the concept of more generalized forms of
(a, b)-fuzzy ideals and defined (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy ideals of
semigroups, by generalizing the concept of [x; t]qF and
defined [x; t]qkF, as F(x) ? t ? k [ 1, where k 2 ½0; 1Þ;
(also see [9, 10, 20]). For further reading regarding (a, b)-
fuzzy subsets and its generalization, we refer the reader to
[4, 7, 11, 13, 15, 16].
The topic of these investigations belongs to the theo-
retical soft computing (fuzzy structure). Indeed, it is well
known that semigroups are basic structures in many
applied branches like automata and formal languages,
123
S296
coding theory, finite state machines and others. Due to
these possibilities of applications, semigroups and related
structures are presently extensively investigated in fuzzy
settings (see e.g., monograph [14]).
Our aim in this paper is to introduce a new sort of fuzzy
bi-ideals and fuzzy left (resp. right)-ideals in ordered
semigroup, called ð2; 2 _qk Þ-fuzzy bi-ideals and charac-
terize regular, left and right regular, and completely regular
ordered semigroups in terms of ð2; 2 _qk Þ-fuzzy bi-ideals.
We define the lower/upper parts of ð2; 2 _qk Þ-fuzzy bi-
ideals. Then some results are given in terms of ð2; 2 _qk Þ-
fuzzy bi-ideals in regular and intra-regular ordered
semigroups.
2 Basic definitions and preliminaries
By an ordered semigroup (or po-semigroup), we mean a
structure ðS; ;  Þ in which the following conditions are
satisfied:
(OS1) ðS; Þ is a semigroup,
(OS2) ðS;  Þ is a poset,
(OS3) a  b ! ax  bx and xa B xb for all x 2 S:
For A; B  S; we denote by,
AB :¼ fabja 2 A; and b 2 Bg:
If S is an ordered semigroup, and A a subset of S, we
denote by (A] the subset of S defined as follows:
ð A :¼ ft 2 Sjt  a for some a 2 Ag:
If A = {a}, then we write (a] instead of ({a}]. The
operator ‘‘(]’’ is a closure operator, and therefore
• extensive (that is, A  ð A),
• isoton (that is, A  B implies ð A  ðB),
• idempotent (that is, ðð A  ð A and therefore
((A]] = (A]).
Let ðS; ;  Þ be an ordered semigroup. A non-empty
subset A of S is called a subsemigroup of S if A2  A: A
non-empty subset A of S is called left (resp. right) ideal
[11] of S if
(i) ð8a 2 SÞð8b 2 AÞða  b ! a 2 AÞ;
(ii) SA  A (resp. AS  A).
A non-empty subset A of S is called an ideal if it is both
a left and a right ideal of S.
A non-empty subset A of an ordered semigroup S is
called a bi-ideal [11] of S if
(i) ð8a 2 SÞð8b 2 AÞða  b ! a 2 AÞ;
(ii) A2  A;
(iii) ASA  A:
123
Neural Comput & Applic (2012) 21 (Suppl 1):S295–S305
An ordered semigroup S is regular [11] if for every
a 2 S there exists, x 2 S such that a B axa, or equiva-
lently, we have (i) a 2 ðaSa8a 2 S and (ii) A 
ð ASA8A  S: An ordered semigroup S is called left (resp.
right) regular if for every a 2 S there exists x 2 S; such
that a B xa2(resp. a B a2x), or equivalently, (i) a 2
ðSa2 ðresp. a 2 ða2 SÞ8a 2 S and (ii) A  ðSA2 (resp. A 
ðA2 SÞ8A  S: An ordered semigroup S is called left (resp.
right) simple [11] if for every left (resp. right) ideal A of S
we have A = S and S is called simple [11] if it is both left
and right simple. An ordered semigroup S is called com-
pletely regular, if it is left regular, right regular and
regular.
Now, we give some fuzzy logic concepts.
A function F : S ! ½0; 1 is called a fuzzy subset of S.
The study of fuzzification of algebraic structures has
been started in the pioneering paper of Rosenfeld [17] in
1971. Rosenfeld introduced the notion of fuzzy groups
and successfully extended many results from groups in
the theory of fuzzy groups. Kuroki [13] studied fuzzy
ideals, fuzzy bi-ideals and semiprime fuzzy ideals in
semigroups.
If F1 and F2 are fuzzy subsets of S then F1  F2 means
F1(x) B F2(x) for all x 2 S and the symbols ^ and _ will
mean the following fuzzy subsets:
F1 ^F2 : S ! ½0; 1jx ! ðF1 ^ F2 ÞðxÞ ¼ F1 ðxÞ ^ F2 ðxÞ
¼ minfF1 ðxÞ; F2 ðxÞg
F1 _F2 : S ! ½0; 1jx ! ðF1 _ F2 ÞðxÞ ¼ F1 ðxÞ _ F2 ðxÞ
¼ maxfF1 ðxÞ; F2 ðxÞg;
for all x 2 S:
A fuzzy subset F of S is called a fuzzy subsemigroup if
F(xy) C min{F(x) , F(y) } for all x; y 2 S:
A fuzzy subset F of S is called a fuzzy left (resp. right)-
ideal [11] of S if
(i) x  y ! FðxÞ  FðyÞ;
(ii) F(xy) C F(y) (resp. F(xy) C F(x)) for all x; y 2 S:
A fuzzy subset F of S is called a fuzzy ideal if it is both a
fuzzy left and a fuzzy right ideal of S.
A fuzzy subsemigroup F is called a fuzzy bi-ideal [11] of
S if
(i) x  y ! FðxÞ  FðyÞ;
(ii) F(xyz) C min{F(x) , F(z) } for all x; y; z 2 S:
Let S be an ordered semigroup and F is a fuzzy subset of
S. Then, for all t 2 ð0; 1; the set UðF; tÞ ¼ fx 2
SjFðxÞ  tg is called a level set of F.
Theorem 2.1 [6] A fuzzy subset F of an ordered semi-
group S is a fuzzy bi-ideal of S if and only if UðF; tÞð6¼ ;Þ is
a bi-ideal of S, for all t 2 ð0; 1:
Neural Comput & Applic (2012) 21 (Suppl 1):S295–S305 S297

Theorem 2.2 [6] A non-empty subset A of an ordered Then

semigroup S is a bi-ideal of S if and only if
 1. F is a ðq; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S.
1 if x 2 A; 2. F is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S.
vA : S ! ½0; 1jx ! vA ðxÞ ¼
0 if x 62 A;
is a fuzzy bi-ideal of S. Proof (1) Let x; y 2 S; x  y and t 2 ð0; 1 be such that
[y; t]qF. Then y 2 A; FðyÞ þ t [ 1: Since A is a bi-ideal of
If a 2 S and A is a non-empty subset of S. Then, S and x  y 2 A, we have x 2 A: Thus FðxÞ  1k 2 : If
Aa ¼ fðy; zÞ 2 S Sja  yzg: 1k
t  2 ; then F(x) C t and so ½x; t 2 F: If t [ 2 ; then 1k

If F1 and F2 are two fuzzy subsets of S. Then the product FðxÞ þ t þ k [ 1k 1k
2 þ 2 þ k ¼ 1 and so [x; t]qkF. There-
F1
F2 of F1 and F2 is defined by: fore ½x; t 2 _qk F:
Let x; y 2 S and t; r 2 ð0; 1 be such that [x; t]qF and
F1
F2 : S !W½0; 1ja ! ðF1
F2 ÞðaÞ
( [y; r]qF. Then F(x) ? t [ 1, F(y) ? t [ 1 and x; y 2 A; we
ðF1 ðyÞ ^ F2 ðzÞÞ if Aa 6¼ ;;
¼ ðy;zÞ2Aa have xy 2 A: Thus FðxyÞ  1k 1k
2 : If t ^ r [ 2 ; then
0 if Aa ¼ ;: FðxyÞ þ t ^ r þ k [ 1k 1k
2 þ 2 þ k ¼ 1 and so [xy; t ^
1k
Let F be a fuzzy subset of S, then the set of the form: r]qkF. If t ^ r  2 ; then F(xy) C t ^ r and so ½xy; t ^ r 2
 F: Therefore ½xy; t ^ r 2 _qk F:
t 2 ð0; 1 if y ¼ x Let x; y; z 2 S and t; r 2 ð0; 1 be such that [x; t]qF and
FðyÞ :¼
0 if y 6¼ x; [z; r]qF. Then F(x) ? t [ 1, F(z) ? t [ 1 and x; z 2 A;
is called a fuzzy point with support x and value t and is hence xyz 2 A: Thus FðxyzÞ  1k 1k
2 : If t ^ r [ 2 ; then
denoted by [x; t]. A fuzzy point [x; t] is said to belong to FðxyzÞ þ t ^ r þ k [ 1k 1k
2 þ 2 þ k ¼ 1 and so [xyz; t ^
(resp. quasi-coincident with) a fuzzy set F, written as 1k
r]q kF. If t ^ r  2 ; then F(xyz) C t ^ r and so ½xyz; t ^
½x; t 2 F (resp. [x; t]qF) if F(x) C t (resp. F(x) ? t [ 1). If r 2 F: Therefore ½xyz; t ^ r 2 _qk F:
½x; t 2 F or [x; t]qF, then we write ½x; t 2 _qF: The (2) Let x; y 2 S; x  y and t 2 ð0; 1 be such that ½y; t 2
symbol 2 _q means 2 _q does not hold. F: Then F(y) C t and y 2 A: Since A is a bi-ideal of S and
Generalizing the concept of [x; t]qF, in BCK/BCI- x  y 2 A; we have x 2 A: Thus FðxÞ  1k 1k
2 : If t  2 ;
algebras, Jun [8] defined [x; t]qkF, as F(x) ? t ? k [ 1, then F(x) C t and so ½x; t 2 F: If t [ 1k 2 ; then FðxÞ þ t þ
where k 2 ½0; 1Þ:
k [ 1k 2 þ 1k
2 þ k ¼ 1 and so [x; t]qkF. Therefore
3 (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideals ½x; t 2 _qk F:
Let x; y 2 S and t; r 2 ð0; 1 be such that ½x; t 2 F and
In what follows, let S denote an ordered semigroup unless ½y; r 2 F: Then x; y 2 A and we have xy 2 A: Thus
otherwise specified. In this section, we define a more FðxyÞ  1k If t ^ r [ 1k then FðxyÞ þ t ^ r þ
2 : 2 ;
generalized form of ða; bÞ-fuzzy bi-ideals of an ordered 1k 1k
k [ 2 þ 2 þ k ¼ 1 and so [xy; t ^ r]qkF. If t ^
semigroups S, where a; b 2 f2; q; 2 _q; 2 ^qg; a 6¼2 ^q,
r  1k2 ; then F(xy) C t ^ r and so ½xy; t ^ r 2 F: There-
and introduce ð2; 2 _qk Þ-fuzzy bi-ideals S, where k is an
fore ½xy; t ^ r 2 _qk F:
arbitrary element of [0,1) unless otherwise stated.
Let x; y; z 2 S and t; r 2 ð0; 1 be such that ½x; t 2 F and
Definition 3.1 A fuzzy subset F of S is called an ½z; r 2 F: Then x; z 2 A; and so xyz 2 A: Thus
(2; 2 _qk)-fuzzy bi-ideal of S if it satisfies the conditions: FðxyzÞ  1k 1k
2 : If t ^ r [ 2 ; then FðxyzÞ þ t ^ r þ
1. (8x; y 2 SÞð8t 2 ð0; 1Þðx  y; ½y; t 2 F ! k [ 1k 1k
2 þ 2 þ k ¼ 1 and so [xyz; t ^ r]qkF. If t ^
1k
½x; t 2 _qk F), r  2 ; then F(xyz) C t ^ r and so ½xyz; t ^ r 2 F: Thus,
2. (8x; y 2 SÞð8t; r 2 ð0; 1Þð½x; r 2 F; ½y; t 2 F ! ½xyz; t ^ r 2 _qk F: Consequently, F is an ð2; 2 _qk)-fuzzy
½xy; r ^ t 2 _qk F), bi-ideal of S. h
3. (8x; y; z 2 SÞð8t; r 2 ð0; 1Þð½x; r 2 F; ½z; t 2 F !
If we take k = 0 in Theorem 3.2, then we get the fol-
½xyz; r ^ t 2 _qk F).
lowing corollary:
Theorem 3.2 Let A be a bi-ideal of S and F a fuzzy subset Corollary 3.3 [6] Let A be a bi-ideal of S and F a fuzzy
in S defined by: subset in S defined by:
 1k  1
 2 if x 2 A; 2 if x 2 A;
FðxÞ ¼ FðxÞ ¼
0 otherwise. 0 otherwise.

123
S298 Neural Comput & Applic (2012) 21 (Suppl 1):S295–S305

Then If we take k = 0 in Theorem 3.4, we have the following

corollary:
1. F is a ðq; 2 _qÞ-fuzzy bi-ideal of S.
2. F is an (2; 2 _q)-fuzzy bi-ideal of S. Corollary 3.5 [6] Let F be a fuzzy subset of S. Then F is
an (2; 2 _q)-fuzzy bi-ideal of S if and only if
Theorem 3.4 Let F be a fuzzy subset of S. Then F is an
1. ð8x; y 2 SÞðx  y ! FðxÞ  FðyÞ ^ 0:5),
(2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S if and only if
2. ð8x; y 2 SÞðFðxyÞ  FðxÞ ^ FðyÞ ^ 0:5Þ;
1. ð8x; y 2 SÞðx  y ! FðxÞ  FðyÞ ^ 1k
2 ),
3. ð8x; y; z 2 SÞðFðxyzÞ  FðxÞ ^ FðzÞ ^ 0:5Þ:
 1k
2. ð8x; y 2 SÞ FðxyÞ  FðxÞ ^ FðyÞ ^ 2 ;
  Theorem 3.6 A fuzzy subset F of S is an ð2; 2 _qk Þ-fuzzy
3. ð8x; y; z 2 SÞ FðxyzÞ  FðxÞ ^ FðzÞ ^ 1k
2 :
bi-ideal of S if and only if U ðF; tÞð6¼ ;Þ is a bi-ideal of S for
 
Proof Let F be an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S. On all t 2 0; 1k
2 :
the contrary assume that, there exist x; y 2 S; x B y Proof Suppose that F is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S
such that FðxÞ\FðyÞ ^ 1k 2 : Choose t 2 ð0; 1 such and x; y 2 S be such that x  y 2 UðF; tÞ for some t 2
1k  1k
that FðxÞ\t  FðyÞ ^ 2 : Then ½y; t 2 F; but F(x) \ t and 0; 2 : Then F(y) C t and by hypothesis
FðxÞ þ t þ k\ 1k 1k
2 þ 2 þ k ¼ 1; so ½x; t2 _qk F; which is 1k
FðxÞ  FðyÞ ^
a contradiction. Hence FðxÞ  FðyÞ ^ 1k 2 for all x; y 2 S 2
with x B y. 1k
t ^ ¼ t:
If there exist x; y 2 S such that FðxyÞ\FðxÞ ^ FðyÞ ^ 2
1k
2 : Choose t 2 ð0; 1 such that FðxyÞ\t  FðxÞ ^ FðyÞ ^ Hence x 2 UðF; tÞ:
1k Now, let x; y 2 S be such that x; y 2 UðF; tÞ for some
2 : Then ½x; t 2 F; ½y; t 2 F but F(xy) \ t and FðxyÞ þ  
t þ k\ 1k 1k
2 þ 2 þ k ¼ 1; so ½xy; tqk F: Thus, ½xy;t2_qk F;
t 2 0; 1k
2 : Then F(x) C t and F(y) C t and by hypothesis
which is a contradiction. Therefore, FðxyÞFðxÞ^FðyÞ^ 1k
FðxyÞ  FðxÞ ^ FðyÞ ^
1k 2
2 for all x;y2S:
1k
Now if there exist x; y; z 2 S such that FðxyzÞ\FðxÞ ^ t ^ t ^ ¼ t:
2
FðzÞ ^ 1k 2 : Then, for t 2 ð0; 1 such that FðxyzÞ\tFðxÞ^
1k
FðzÞ^ 2 ; we have ½x;t2F and ½z;t2F but F(xyz) \ t Hence xy 2 UðF; tÞ:
For x; z 2 UðF; tÞ; we have
and FðxyzÞþtþk\ 1k 1k
2 þ 2 þk ¼1; so ½xyz;tqk F: Thus,
1k
½xyz;t2_qk F; which is a contradiction. Therefore FðxyzÞ  FðxÞ ^ FðzÞ ^
2
FðxyzÞFðxÞ^FðzÞ^ 1k 2 for all x;y;z2S: 1k
Conversely, let ½y; t 2 F for some t 2 ð0; 1: Then t ^ t ^ ¼ t:
2
F(y) C t. Now, FðxÞ  FðyÞ ^ 1k 1k 1k
2  t ^ 2 : If t [ 2 ;
Thus, xyz 2 UðF; tÞ:
then FðxÞ  1k 1k 1k
2 and FðxÞ þ t þ k [ 2 þ 2 þ k ¼ 1; it Conversely, assume that U(F; t)(= ;) is a bi-ideal of S
1k
follows that [x; t]qkF. If t  2 ; then F(x) C t and so  
for all t 2 0; 1k 2 :
½x; t 2 F: Thus, ½x; t 2 _qk F:
Let x; y 2 S with x B y be such that FðxÞ\FðyÞ ^ 1k 2 :
Let ½x; t 2 F and ½y; r 2 F; then F(x) C t and  1k 1k
Choose r 2 0; 2 such that FðxÞ\r  FðyÞ ^ 2 then
F(y) C r. Thus FðxyÞ  FðxÞ ^ FðyÞ ^ 1k 1k
2 t ^ r ^ 2 :
If t ^ r [ 1k 1k F(y) C r implies that ½y; r 2 F but ½x; r2F: Now FðxÞ þ
2 ; then FðxyÞ  2 and FðxyÞ þ t ^ r þ
1k 1k
k [ 2 þ 2 þ k ¼ 1 and so [xy; t ^ r]qkF. If t ^ r þ k\ 1k 1k
2 þ 2 þ k ¼ 1; which implies that ½x; rqk F;
contradiction. Hence FðxÞ  FðyÞ ^ 1k 2 : If there exist
r  1k2 ; then F(xy) C t ^ r and hence, ½xy; t ^ r 2 F; it
follows that ½xy; t ^ r 2 _qk F: Now let ½x; t 2 F and x; y 2 S such that FðxyÞ\FðxÞ ^ FðyÞ ^ 1k 2 : Then choose
 
½z; r 2 F; then F(x) C t and F(z) C r. Therefore t 2 0; 1k2 such that FðxyÞ\t  FðxÞ ^ FðyÞ ^ 1k
2 : Thus
FðxyzÞ  FðxÞ ^ FðzÞ ^ 1k 1k 1k x; y 2 UðF; tÞ but xy 62 UðF; tÞ; a contradiction. Hence
2  t ^ r ^ 2 : If t ^ r [ 2 ;
then FðxyzÞ  1k 1k 1k FðxyÞ  FðxÞ ^ FðyÞ ^ 1k 2 for all x; y 2 S and k 2 ½0; 1Þ: If
2 and FðxyzÞ þ t ^ r þ k [ 2 þ 2 þ
k ¼ 1 and so [xyz; t ^ r]qkF. If t ^ r  1k there exist x; y; z 2 S such that FðxyzÞ\FðxÞ ^ FðzÞ ^ 1k 2 :
2 ; then  
F(xyz) C t ^ r and hence, ½xyz; t ^ r 2 F: Thus ½xyz; t ^ Then choose t 2 0; 1k 2 such that FðxyzÞ\t  FðxÞ ^
1k
r 2 _qk F and consequently, F is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi- FðzÞ ^ 2 : Thus x; z 2 UðF; tÞ but xyz 62 UðF; tÞ; a con-
ideal of S. h tradiction. Hence FðxyzÞ  FðxÞ ^ FðzÞ ^ 1k 2 for all

123
Neural Comput & Applic (2012) 21 (Suppl 1):S295–S305 S299

x; y; z 2 S and k 2 ½0; 1Þ: Therefore F is an (2; 2 _qk )- and

fuzzy bi-ideal of S. h !
\ ^ ^ 1k

Example 3.7 Consider the ordered semigroup S = Fi ðxyÞ ¼ Fi ðxyÞ Fi ðxÞ ^ Fi ðyÞ ^
i2I i2I i2I
2
{a, b, c, d}
^   ^  !
1k 1k
¼ Fi ðxÞ ^ ^ Fi ðyÞ ^
i2I
2 i2I
2
! !
\ \ 1k
¼ Fi ðxÞ ^ Fi ðyÞ ^
i2I i2I
2

Let x;y;z 2 S: Then,

!
 :¼ fða; aÞ; ðb; bÞ; ðc; cÞ; ðd; d Þ; ða; bÞg: \ ^ ^ 1k

Fi ððxyzÞ ¼ Fi ððxyzÞ Fi ðxÞ^Fi ðzÞ^
i2I i2I i2I
2
Then {a}, {a, b}, {a, c}, {a, d}, {a, b, c}, {a, c, d}
and {a, b, c, d} are bi-ideals of S. Define a fuzzy subset ^  ^ !
1k 1k
F of S as follows: ¼ Fi ðxÞ^ ^ Fi ðzÞ^
8 i2I
2 i2I
2
>
> 0:8 if x ¼ a ! !
<
0:7 if x ¼ d \ \ 1k
F : S ! ½0; 1jx ! FðxÞ ¼ ¼ Fi ðxÞ^ Fi ðzÞ^ :
>
> 0:4 if x ¼ c 2
: i2I i2I
0:3 if x ¼ b
T
Then Thus i2I Fi is an (2;2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S. h
8
>
> S if 0\t  0:3
<
fa; c; dg if 0:3\t  0:4
UðF; tÞ ¼ 4 Upper and lower parts of (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideals
>
> fa; dg if 0:4\t  0:7
:
; if 0:8\t  1
In this section, we define the upper/lower parts of an
Then, by Theorem 3.6, F is an ð2; 2 _qk Þ-fuzzy bi-ideal (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal and characterize regular and
 
of S for t 2 0; 1k
2 with k = 0.4. intra-regular ordered semigroups in terms of (2; 2 _qk )-
fuzzy bi-ideals.
Proposition 3.8 If F is a nonzero ð2; 2 _qk Þ-fuzzy bi-
ideal of S. Then the set F0 ¼ fx 2 SjFðxÞ [ 0g is a bi-ideal
Definition 4.1 Let F1 and F2 be a fuzzy subsets of S.
of S . k
Then the fuzzy subsets F1 ; (F1 ^k F2)-, (F1 _k F2)-,
Proof The proof is straight forward. h þk
ðF1
k F2 Þ-, F 1 ; (F1 ^k F2)?, (F1 _k F2)? and ðF1
k F2 Þ?
Lemma 3.9 A non-empty subset A of S is a bi-ideal if and of S are defined as follows:
only if the characteristic function v A of A is an (2; 2 _qk )-
fuzzy bi-ideal of S. k 1k
F1 : S ! ½0; 1jx ! F1k ðxÞ ¼ F1 ðxÞ ^ ;
Proof The proof is straight forward. h 2
ðF1 ^k F2 Þ : S ! ½0; 1jx ! ðF1 ^k F2 ÞðxÞ
Proposition 3.10 If fFi : i 2 Ig is a family of (2; 2 _qk )-
T
fuzzy bi-ideals of an ordered semigroup S. Then i2I Fi is 1k
an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S. ¼ ðF1 ^ F2 ÞðxÞ ^ ;
2
Proof Let fFi gi2I be a family of (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi- ðF1 _k F2 Þ : S ! ½0; 1jx ! ðF1 _k F2 ÞðxÞ
ideals of S. Let x; y 2 S; x B y. Then
! 1k
\ ^ ^ 1k
 ¼ ðF1 _ F2 ÞðxÞ ^
2
;
Fi ðxÞ ¼ Fi ðxÞ  Fi ðyÞ ^
2
i2I i2I
!
i2I ðF1
k F2 Þ : S ! ½0; 1jx ! ðF1
k F2 ÞðxÞ
\ 1k
¼ Fi ðyÞ ^ 1k
2 ¼ ðF1
F2 ÞðxÞ ^ ;
i2I 2

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S300 Neural Comput & Applic (2012) 21 (Suppl 1):S295–S305

and In the following Proposition, we show that, if F is an

k
þk 1k (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S, then F is a fuzzy bi-ideal
F 1 : S ! ½0; 1jx ! F1k ðxÞ
¼ F1 ðxÞ _ ; of S.
2
ðF1 ^k F2 Þþ : S ! ½0; 1jx ! ðF1 ^k F2 ÞðxÞ Proposition 4.6 If F is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of
1k k
¼ ðF1 ^ F2 ÞðxÞ _ ; S, then F is a fuzzy bi-ideal of S.
2
þ Proof Let x; y 2 S; x B y. Since F is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy
ðF1 _ F2 Þ : S ! ½0; 1jx ! ðF1 _k F2 ÞðxÞ
k
bi-ideal of S and x B y, we have FðxÞ  FðyÞ ^ 1k
2 : It fol-
1k
¼ ðF1 _ F2 ÞðxÞ _ ; lows that FðxÞ ^ 1k 1k k
2 2  FðyÞ ^ 2 ; and hence F ðxÞ 
þ k
ðF1
k F2 Þ : S ! ½0; 1jx ! ðF1
k F2 ÞðxÞ F ðyÞ: For x; y 2 S; we have FðxyÞ  FðxÞ ^ FðyÞ ^ 1k :
 2
1k Then FðxyÞ ^ 1k 2  FðxÞ ^ FðyÞ ^ 1k
2 ¼ FðxÞ ^ 1k
2 ^
¼ ðF1
F2 ÞðxÞ _ ;   k k k
2 FðyÞ ^ 1k ; and so F ðxyÞ  F ðxÞ ^ F ðyÞ:
2
for all x 2 S: Now for x; y; z 2 S; we have FðxyzÞ  FðxÞ ^ FðzÞ ^ 1k
 2
Lemma 4.2 Let F1 and F2 be fuzzy subsets of S. Then the and hence, FðxyzÞ^ 1k 1k
2 FðxÞ^FðzÞ^ 2 ¼ FðxÞ^ 2 ^
1k
  k k k
following hold: FðzÞ^ 1k
2 ; and so F ðxyzÞF ðxÞ^F ðzÞ: Consequently,
   k k
k
F is a fuzzy bi-ideal of S. h
(i) F1 ^k F2 ¼ F1 ^ F2 ;
   k k
In [6], regular and intra-regular ordered semigroups are
(ii) F1 _k F2 ¼ F1 _ F2 ;
characterized by the properties of their (2; 2 _q)-fuzzy left
   k k

(iii) F1
k F2 ¼ F 1
F 2 : (resp. right) and (2; 2 _q)-fuzzy bi-ideals. In the follow-
ing, we characterize regular, left and right simple and
completely regular ordered semigroups in terms of
Proof The proof is same as that of [19]. h
(2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy left (resp. right) ideals and (2; 2 _qk )-
Let A be a non-empty subset of S, then the upper and fuzzy bi-ideals.
lower parts of the characteristic function v A are defined as
Lemma 4.7 [11] An ordered semigroup S is completely
follows:
regular if and only if for every A  S; we have, A 
 1k ðA2 SA2 ; or equivalently, a 2 ða2 Sa2  for every a 2 S:
if x 2 A
vkA : S ! ½0; 1jx ! vkA ðxÞ ¼ 2
0 otherwise, Theorem 4.8 An ordered semigroup S is completely

þk þk 1 if x 2 A regular if and only if for every (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of
vA : S ! ½0; 1jx ! vA ðxÞ ¼ 1k S, we have
2 otherwise.
k k
Lemma 4.3 [10]. Let A and B be non-empty subset of S. F ðaÞ ¼ F ða2 Þ for every a 2 S:
Then the following hold: Proof Let a 2 S: Since S is completely regular, by
1. 
(vA ^ vB Þ ¼ vkA\B ;
k Lemma 4.7, a 2 ða2 Sa2 : Then there exists x 2 S; such
2. (vA _k vB Þ ¼ vkA[B ; that a B a2xa2. Since F is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of
S, we have
3. (vA
k vB Þ ¼ vkð AB :
1k
FðaÞ  Fða2 xa2 Þ ^
Lemma 4.4 The lower part vkA of the characteristic  2 
function v A of A is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S if and 2 2 1k 1k
 Fða Þ ^ Fða Þ ^ ^
only if A is a bi-ideal of S. 2 2
 
Proof The proof follows from Lemma 3.9. h 1k
¼ Fða2 Þ ^
2
Lemma 4.5 The lower part vkA of the characteristic  
1k 1k
function v A of A is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy left (resp. right)-  FðaÞ ^ FðaÞ ^ ^
2 2
ideal of S if and only if A is a left (resp. right)-ideal of S.  
1k
¼ FðaÞ ^ :
Proof The proof follows from Lemma 4.4. h 2

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Neural Comput & Applic (2012) 21 (Suppl 1):S295–S305 S301

Thus, FðaÞ ^ 1k 2 1k 1k

2  Fða Þ ^ 2  FðaÞ ^ 2 ; and it
Proof Suppose that F is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal and
k k 2 k
follows that F ðaÞ  F ða Þ  F ðaÞ: Thus F ðaÞ¼F ða Þ
k k 2 by hypothesis, there exists a semilattice Y and a family
for every a2S: fSi : i 2 Yg of left and right simple subsemigroups of S
Conversely, let a 2 S and we consider the bi-ideal such that:
[
B(a2) = (a2 [ a4 [ a2Sa2] of generated by a2. Then by Si \ Sj ¼ ;; 8i; j 2 Y; i 6¼ j; S ¼ Si ; Si Sj  Sij 8i; j 2 Y:
Lemma 3.4, i2Y
 1k
if x 2 Bða2 Þ;
vBða2 Þ : S ! ½0; 1jx ! vBða2 Þ ðxÞ ¼ 2
0 if x 62 Bða2 Þ; k k
(i) To prove that F ðaÞ ¼ F ða2 Þ; for every a 2 S; by
is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S. By hypothesis, Theorem 4.8 and Lemma 4.7, it is enough to prove
vkBða2 Þ ðaÞ ¼ vkBða2 Þ ða2 Þ: Since a2 2 Bða2 Þ; we have vkBða2 Þ ða2 Þ that a 2 ða2 Sa2 : Let a 2 S: Then, there exists Y such
k that a 2 Si : Since Si is left and right simple, we have
¼ 1k 1k 2
2 and hence, vBða2 Þ ðaÞ ¼ 2 : Hence, a 2 Bða Þ and we
2 4 2 2
(Sia] = Si and (aSi] = Si, and so Si = (aSi] = (a(Sia ]
have a B a or a B a or a B a xa for some x 2 S: If ] = (aSia]. Since a 2 ðaSi a; there exists x 2 Si such
a B a2, then, a  a2 ¼ aa  a2 a2 ¼ aaa2  a2 aa2 2 a2 Sa2 that a B axa. Since x 2 Si ; we have x B aya for some
and a 2 ða2 Sa2 : Similarly, for a B a4 or a B a2xa2, we get y 2 Si : Thus, a  axa  aðayaÞa ¼ a2 ya2 2 aSi a 
a 2 ðt2 Ss2  for some s; t 2 S: Therefore, S is completely aSa; and a 2 ða2 Sa2 :
regular. h (ii) Let a; b 2 S: Then, by (i), we have
An equivalence relation r on S is called congruence if k k k
F ðabÞ ¼ F ððabÞ2 Þ ¼ F ððabÞ4 Þ:
ða; bÞ 2 r implies ðac; bcÞ 2 r and ðca; cbÞ 2 r for every
c 2 S: A congruence r on S is called semilattice congru-
ence [11] if ða; a2 Þ 2 r and ðab; baÞ 2 r: An ordered Moreover, by Lemma 4.10, we have
semigroup S is called a semilattice of left and right simple ðabÞ4 ¼ ðabÞ2 ðabÞ2 ¼ ðabÞðabÞðabÞðabÞ
semigroupsif there exists a semilattice congruence r on S
¼ ðabaÞðbababÞ 2 BðabaÞBðbababÞ
such that the r-class (x)r of S containing x is a left and right
simple subsemigroup of S for every x 2 S; or equivalently,  ðBðabaÞBðbababÞ
there exists a semilattice Y and a family fSi : i 2 Yg of left ¼ ðBðbababÞBðabaÞ ¼ ðBðbababÞðBðabaÞ2 
and right simple subsemigroups of S such that ðby Lemma 4.10Þ
[
Si \ Sj ¼ ;; 8i; j 2 Y; i 6¼ j; S ¼ Si ; Si Sj  Sij 8i; j 2 Y: ¼ ðBðbababÞðBðabaÞBðabaÞ
i2Y
¼ ðBðbababÞBðabaÞBðabaÞðby ðð A ¼ ð AÞ
A subset T of S is called semiprime [6], if for every  ðððbababÞSðabaÞðabaÞ  ðbababSaba:
a 2 S such that a2 2 T; we have a 2 T; or equivalently, for
each subset A of S, such that A2  T; we have A  T:
Then, (ab)4 B (babab)z(aba), for some z 2 S: Since F is an
Lemma 4.9 [11] For an ordered semigroup S, the fol- (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S, we have
lowing are equivalent:
1k
FððabÞ4 Þ  FððbababÞzðabaÞÞ ^
(i) ðxÞN is a left (resp. right) simple subsemigroup of 2
S, for every x 2 S; 1k
¼ FððbaÞðbabzaÞðbaÞÞ ^
(ii) Every left (resp. right) ideal of S is a right (resp. left) 
2
ideal of S and semiprime. 1k 1k
 FðbaÞ ^ FðbaÞ ^ ^
2 2


Lemma 4.10 [11] An ordered semigroup S is a semilat- 1k

tice of left and right simple semigroups if and only if for all ¼ FðbaÞ ^
2
bi-ideals A and B of S, we have
Thus,
ðA2  ¼ A and ðB2  ¼ B:



Theorem 4.11 An ordered semigroup S is a semilattice of 41k 1k 1k

FððabÞ Þ ^  FðbaÞ ^ ^
left and right simple semigroups if and only if for every  2
2 2
(2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal F of S, we have 1k
¼ FðbaÞ ^ ;
k k k k
2
F ðaÞ ¼ F ða2 Þ and F ðabÞ ¼ F ðbaÞ for all a; b 2 S:

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S302 Neural Comput & Applic (2012) 21 (Suppl 1):S295–S305

k k k k Proof It is obvious. h
and so F ððabÞ4 Þ  F ðbaÞ; and F ðabÞ ¼ F ððabÞ2 Þ ¼
k k
F ððabÞ4 Þ  F ðbaÞ: In a similarly way one can see that, For an ordered semigroup S, we define the fuzzy subsets
k k
F ðbaÞ  F ðabÞ: ‘‘1’’ and ‘‘0’’ as follows:
Conversely, we know that N is a semilattice of left and 1 : S ! ½0; 1jx ! 1ðxÞ ¼ 1;
right simple semigroups, so by Lemma 4.9, it is enough to 0 : S ! ½0; 1jx ! 0ðxÞ ¼ 0;
prove that every left (resp. right) ideal of S is an ideal of S.
Let L be a left ideal of S and let a 2 L and t 2 S: Since L is for all x 2 S:
a left ideal of S, by Lemma 4.4, Lemma 4.17 [10] Let S be an ordered semigroup and F
 1k
if ta 2 L and G be fuzzy subsets of S. Then, ðF
k GÞ 
vL k : S ! ½0; 1jta ! vL k ðtaÞ ¼ 2
0 if ta 62 L ð1
k GÞ ðresp:ðF
k GÞ  ðF
k 1Þ Þ:
is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy left ideal of S and by hypothesis, we Lemma 4.18 Let S be an ordered semigroup and F an
k
have vL k ðtaÞ ¼ vL k ðatÞ: Since ta 2 SL  L; we have (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S. Then ðF
k 1
k FÞ  F .
vL k ðtaÞ ¼ 1k k 1k
2 ; then vL ðatÞ ¼ 2 and so at 2 L: That is,
Proof Let a 2 S: If Aa = ;, then
LS  L: Thus, L is a right ideal of S. If a2 2 L; then
vL k ða2 Þ ¼ 1k k 2 k
2 and by hypothesis, vL ða Þ ¼ vL ðaÞ: Then, 1k 1k
k 1k ðF
k 1
k FÞ ðaÞ ¼ ðF
1
FÞðaÞ ^ ¼0^
vL ðaÞ ¼ 2 and so a 2 L: Thus, L is semiprime. In a 2 2
k
similar way, one can prove that a right ideal R is a left ideal ¼ 0  F ðaÞ:
of S and semiprime. h
Let Aa = ;, then
In [6], regular and intra-regular ordered semigroups are
characterized by the properties of their (2; 2 _q)-fuzzy bi-ide- ðF
k 1
k FÞ ðaÞ
als. In the following, we characterize regular and intra-regular
ordered semigroups in terms of (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideals. 1k
¼ ðF
1
FÞðaÞ ^
2
Proposition 4.12 If fFi : i 2 Ig is a family of (2; 2 _qk )- 2 3
T k
fuzzy bi-ideals of an ordered semigroup S. Then i2I F i is _ 1k
¼4 ðFðyÞ ^ ð1
FÞðzÞ5 ^
an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S. 2
ðy;zÞ2Aa
Corollary 4.13 If F and G are (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideals 2 0 8 9 13
of S. Then (F ^k G)- is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S. _ < _ = 1k
¼4 @FðyÞ ^ ð1ðpÞ ^ FðqÞÞ A5 ^
Definition 4.14 An (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal F of S is ðy;zÞ2Aa
:ðp;qÞ2A ; 2
z

called idempotent if F1 ^k F2 ¼ F.
_ _ 1k
Lemma 4.15 For an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal F of S, we ¼ ðFðyÞ ^ 1ðpÞ ^ FðqÞÞ ^
ðy;zÞ2Aa ðp;qÞ2Az
2
k
have ðF
k FÞ  F :
_ _ 1k
Proof Let F be an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S and let ¼ ðFðyÞ ^ FðqÞÞ ^
2
a 2 S: If Aa = ;, then ðF
k FÞ ðaÞ ¼ ðF
FÞðaÞ ^ 1k
2 ¼
ðy;zÞ2Aa ðp;qÞ2Az

0^ 1k
k
_ _    
2 ¼ 0  F ðaÞ: 1k 1k
¼ FðyÞ ^ ^ FðqÞ ^
Let Aa = ;, then 2 2
ðy;zÞ2Aa ðp;qÞ2A
2 3 z

_ 1k 1k
ðF
k FÞ ðaÞ¼ 4 ðFðyÞ^FðzÞÞ5 ^ ^ :
ðy;zÞ2Aa
2 2
2 3 2 3
_ 1k _ 1k Since a B yz B y(pq) = ypq and F is an (2; 2 _qk )-
4 FðyzÞ5 ^ 4 FðaÞ5 ^ fuzzy bi-ideal of S, so we have
ðy;zÞ2A
2 ðy;zÞ2A
2
a a
 
1k k 1k 1k 1k
¼FðaÞ^ ¼F ðaÞ: h FðaÞ  FðypqÞ ^  FðyÞ ^ FðqÞ ^ ^
2 2 2 2
   

1k 1k 1k

Lemma 4.16 Every (2;2_qk )-fuzzy one-sided ideal of S ¼ FðyÞ ^ ^ FðqÞ ^ ^ :
2 2 2
is an (2;2_qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S.

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Neural Comput & Applic (2012) 21 (Suppl 1):S295–S305 S303

Thus, 1
k vB Þ ðxÞ ¼ vB k ðxÞ: Since x 2 B; we have vB k ðxÞ ¼ 1k
2 :
_ _  1k
 
1k

1k k k  1k
Thus, ðvB
1
vB Þ ðxÞ ¼ 2 : But, by Lemma 4.3 (3),
FðyÞ ^ ^ FðqÞ ^ ^
ðy;zÞ2Aa ðp;qÞ2Az
2 2 2 we have ðvB
k 1
k vB Þ ¼ vkðBSB ; and vkðBSB ðxÞ ¼ 1k 2 ;
_      hence we have x 2 ðBSB and so B  ðBSB: On the other
1k 1k 1k
 FðyÞ ^ ^ FðqÞ ^ ^ hand, since B is a bi-ideal of S, we have ðBSB 
ðy;pqÞ2A
2 2 2
a ðB ¼ B: h
_ 1k k
 FðaÞ ^ ¼ F ðaÞ: h Lemma 4.21 Let F and G be (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideals of
2
ðy;pqÞ2Aa S. Then (F^ kG)- is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S.

Lemma 4.19 [6] Let S be an ordered semigroup. Then Proof The proof is easy and so is omitted. h
the following are equivalent: Lemma 4.22 [6] Let S be an ordered semigroup. Then
(i) S is regular, the following are equivalent:
(ii) B = (BSB] for all bi-ideals B of S, (i) S is both regular and intra-regular,
(iii) B(a) = (B(a)SB(a)] for every a 2 S: (ii) A = (A2] for every bi-ideals A of S,
(iii) A \ B = (AB] \ (BA] for all bi-ideals A, B of S.
Theorem 4.20 An ordered semigroup S is regular if and
only if for every (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal F of S, we have Theorem 4.23 Let S be an ordered semigroup. Then the
k k
ðF
1
FÞ ¼ F :  k following are equivalent:
(i) S is both regular and intra-regular,
Proof Suppose that F is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S k
and let a 2 S: Since S is regular, there exists x 2 S such that (ii) ðF
k FÞ ¼ F for every (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideals F
a B axa B ax(axa) = a(xaxa). Then ða; xaxaÞ 2 Aa ; and of S,
 
Aa = ;. Thus, (iii) ðF ^k GÞ ¼ ðF
k GÞ ^k ðG
k FÞ for all
1k (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideals F and G of S.
ðF
k 1
k FÞ ðaÞ ¼ ðF
1
FÞðaÞ ^
2 2 3
_ Proof (i)¼)(ii) Let F be an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of
1k
¼4 ðFðyÞ ^ ð1
FÞðzÞÞ5 ^ S and a 2 S: Since S is regular and intra-regular, there exist
ðy;zÞ2Aa
2 x; y; z 2 S such that a B axa B axaxa and a B ya2z. Then,
  a B axaxa B ax(ya2z)xa = (axya)(azxa) and ðaxya; azxaÞ
1k
 FðaÞ ^ ð1
FÞðxaxaÞ ^ 2 Aa : Thus,
2
2 3 1k
_ 1k ðF
k FÞ ðaÞ ¼ ðF
FÞðaÞ ^
¼ 4FðaÞ ^ f1ðpÞ ^ FðqÞg5 ^ 2 2 3
2
ðp;qÞ2A xaxa _ 1k
1k ¼4 ðFðyÞ ^ FðzÞÞ5 ^
 ðFðaÞ ^ f1ðxaxÞ ^ FðaÞgÞ ^ ðy;zÞ2A
2
a
2
1k 1k
¼ ðFðaÞ ^ f1 ^ FðaÞgÞ ^  fðFðaxyaÞ ^ FðazxaÞÞg ^
2   2
1k 1k 1k
¼ ðFðaÞ ^ FðaÞÞ ^ ¼ FðaÞ ^  FðaÞ ^ FðaÞ ^
2 2 2
k  

¼ F ðaÞ: 1k 1k

^ FðaÞ ^ FðaÞ ^ ^
2 2
 
On the other hand, by Lemma 4.18, we have ðF
k 1
k 1k 1k
k k
¼ FðaÞ ^ ^
FÞ ðaÞF ðaÞ: Therefore, ðF
k 1
k FÞ ðaÞ ¼ F ðaÞ: 2 2
 
Conversely, assume that ðF
k 1
k FÞ ¼ F for every
k 1k k
¼ FðaÞ ^ ¼ F ðaÞ:
(2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal F of S. To prove that S is regular, 2
by Lemma 4.19, it is enough to prove that k
On the other hand, by Lemma 4.15, ðF
k FÞ ðaÞ  F ðaÞ:
B ¼ ðBSB for all bi-ideals B of S:
(ii)¼)(iii) Let F and G be (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideals of
Let x 2 B: Since B is a bi-ideal of S, by Lemma 4.4, vB S. Then, by Corollary 4.13, (F ^kG)- is an (2; 2 _qk )-
is an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S. By hypothesis, ðvB
k fuzzy bi-ideal of S. By (ii),

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S304 Neural Comput & Applic (2012) 21 (Suppl 1):S295–S305

 
ðF ^k GÞ ¼ ðF ^k GÞ
k ðF ^k GÞ  ðF
k GÞ : BCK/BCI-algebras, by generalizing the concept of [x; t]qF
and defined [x; t]qkF, as F(x) ? t ? k [ 1, where k 2
In a similar way, one can prove that ðF ^k GÞ  ½0; 1Þ: The theory of fuzzy sets on ordered semigroups can
ðG
k FÞ : Thus, ðF ^k GÞ  ððF
k GÞ ^k ðG
k FÞ Þ : be developed. Since fuzzy ideals of ordered semigroups
Moreover, ðF
k GÞ and ðG
k FÞ are (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy play an important role in the study of ordered semigroup
bi-ideals of S and hence, ðF
k GÞ ^k ðG
k FÞ is an structures, by using the idea of a more generalized from of
(2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal of S. Using (ii), we have quasi-coincidence of a fuzzy point with a fuzzy set, the
concept of an ð2; 2 _qk Þ-fuzzy bi-ideal in an ordered
ððF
k GÞ ^k ðG
k FÞ Þ
  semigroup S is introduced and different characterization
¼ ððF
k GÞ ^k ðG
k FÞ Þ
k ððF
k GÞ ^k ðG
k FÞ Þ theorems are provided. The idea of an upper/lower part of
 
 ðF
k GÞ
k ðG
k FÞ ¼ ðF
k ðG
k GÞ
k FÞ an (2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal is provided and some inter-
k esting results are given by using the lower part of an
¼ ðF
k G
k FÞ ð as ðG
k GÞ ¼ G by (i) aboveÞ
(2; 2 _qk )-fuzzy bi-ideal. In our future work, we will
k
 ðF
k 1
k FÞ ¼ F ð as ðF
k 1
k FÞ concentrate on (a, b)-fuzzy radical and (a, b)-fuzzy prime
k ideals of an ordered semigroup.
¼ F by Theorem 4.20).
Acknowledgments We express our thanks to the referees for their
In a similar way, one can prove that ððF
k GÞ ^k ðG
k valuable remarks and suggestions for the improvement of our paper.
k
FÞ Þ  G : Consequently, ððF
k GÞ ^k ðG
k FÞ Þ 
k k
F ^ G ¼ ðF ^k GÞ : Therefore, we get (ðF ^k GÞ ¼
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