GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

Shivarajkumar
 Terminologies

• guidance : advice or direction for solving a

problem etc.
• counselor : 1 adviser. 2 person giving professional
guidance on personal problems.
Guidance
Guidance is a process of dynamic
interpersonal relationships designed to influence
attitudes and subsequent behavior of a person
Definitions

• Guidance is assistance made available personally

qualified and adequately trained personnel to an
individual of any age to help him to manage his own
life activities, to develop his own points of view, make
his own decision and carry his own burdens
Crow and Crow
• Guidance as a process through which an individual is
able to solve their problems and pursue a path suited
to their abilities and aspirations
: JM Brewer
Contd..
• Guidance is an educational service designed to
help the students make more effective use of the
school training programme
• : Educational Point
 Elements of guidance:
• It focus attention on individual not on problem
• It leads to discovery of abilities of an individual
• Its based upon the assets and limitations of an individual
• It leads to self development and self direction
• Guidance helps an individual to plan wisely for present and
future
• Guidance helps the individual to become adjusted to the
environment.
• Guidance helps to achieve success and happiness.
• It improves capacity related to;
– Education
– Social
– Moral
– Emotional
– Vocational
– Health
Characteristics of guidance
• It helps every individual to help himself to
recognize and use his inner resources
• It is continues process
• Choice and problem points are distinctive
concerns of guidance
• It assistance of individual in process of
development rather then the direction of that
development
• It’s a service ment for all
• Its both generalized and specialized service
Principles of guidance
• Guidance services which are aimed at bringing about
desirable adjustment in any particular area of experience
must be taken into account the all round development of
the individual.
• Individual differs in native capacity, ability, and interest.
• To help the person
– Formulate and accept stimulating, worthwhile, and attainable goals
of behavior.
– Apply these objectives in the conduct of his affairs
• Existing social, economic and political unrest is giving rise
to many maladjustive factors that required the cooperation
of experienced and thoroughly trained guidance counselors
and the individual with a problem
• Individual face problems throughout their life
• Guidance service should not limited to few who
give observable evidence of his needs, but should
extend to all person of all ages who can benefit
either directly or indirectly
• Curriculum materials and teaching procedures
should be based on guidance point of view
• Guidance touches every phases of an individual’s
life pattern
Contd…
• Parents and teachers have guidance point of
responsibility
• Specific guidance problem of any age level should be
referred to persons who are trained to deal with
particular areas of adjustments.
• The data should be accurately recorded and utilized.
• Organized guidance programme should be flexible
• Highly qualified and trained person should act as
chairman or head of the guidance programme.
• Periodic appraisals should made
• Guidance is a slow process
Need for the guidance

• Complex nature of the society

• Individual differences
• Welfare state and the individual
• Changed industrial and educational
pattern of the society
• Changed economical pattern of the
country
• Conservation of the human energy
Areas of guidance
• Education:
Need for the expert help is increasing nowadays to
cope up with the increasing competitive environment in
educational system
• Pre-admission guidance needs
To be imparted to help the students make educational
plans consisted with their abilities and goals.
• Post-admission guidance needs
Impart guidance to enable the students to succeed in
their educational plans. They need to be guided for
developing good study habits, prepare for examinations
properly and with confidence.
Definitions
• Counseling is a method that helps the client to use
problem solving process to recognize and manage
stress and that facilitates interpersonal
relationships among client, family and health care
team.
• Counseling is dynamic and purposeful relationship
between two people, who approach a mutually
defined problems with mutual consideration of
each other to the end that the troubled one or less
mature is aided to a self-determined resolution of
his problem.
Scope of counseling services
• The scope of guidance and counseling is
extremely comprehensive. As the life is getting
complex day by day, the problems in which
expert’s help is required id increasing
proportionately. Individual help is provided
granting loans, scholarships, handling discipline
cases, concern about educational progress,
financial and health matters for the nursing
personnel.
Levels of counseling
• Informal counseling:
• Any helping relationship by responsible person who
may have little or no training for the work
• Non-Specialist Counseling:
• It is a help provided by professional who do great
deal of face to face work with psychological
problems in the course of their work
• Professional counseling:
• It is helping another person with decision and life
plans by the person who specially trained for this
work.
Elements of counseling:

• Counseling involves two persons; it is

communication between counselor and counselee
• Counselor: A professionally trained person who
can assist or help the counselee
• Counselee: A person who seeks help or need
assistance
• Mutual respect, rapport and satisfactory
relationship should be established.
• Counselor should be friendly and cooperative with
counselee. And counselee should have trust in
counselor
Elements that hinder
counseling process:
• Taking more then you handle
• Stereotype the client
• Increase or slow the pace of process according to
needs
• Asking questions for your interest or needs rather
than of clients
 Principles of counseling
• Tailor made to the requirement of an individuals
problem
• Emphasizes thinking with the individual
• Avoid dictatorial attitude
• Maintain relationship of trust and confidence with the
client
• Client’s need is to be put first
• Everyone participating in the counseling process must
be feel comfortable
• The client’s and significant influencing personnel
must be included in counseling
• Skills of warmth, friendliness, openness and
empathy are ingredients of successful counseling
• Counselor has to listen attentively, answer
question objectively; reinforce important
information
• Let the client make voluntary informed decision
• Maintain dignity of an individual as individual is
primary concern in counseling
Qualities of a counselor
Interpersonal relationships
– Friendly nature
– Gets along with others
– Sympathic understanding
– Fairness
– Sincerity
– Patience
– Confidentiality
– Good listener
Personal adjustments
– Shows mature behavior
– Maintains emotional stability
– Flexible and adaptability
– Aware about one’s limitations
– Mentally sound and healthy in all the aspects.
– Able to accept criticism
– Knowledge of self
Educational background
– Should be motivated and committed
– Highly cultured social interest
– Capacity for work
– Positive interest
– Scholastic interest.
– Respect the facts
Health and personal
appearance
– Pleasing voice
– Pleasing appearance
– Freedom from annoying mannerisms
– Poise and neatness
Organizing guidance and
counseling nursing educational
institute
• For constituent colleges on the campus: if 1000
students on rolls:
• A counseling officer assisted by guidance
committee can plan the programme according to
their needs
• If less then 1000 a liaison officer will look after
• If more then 1000 students an assistant counseling
officer may appointed
For affiliated college at
distance
• If 1000 students counseling officer assisted by
guidance committee can plan the programme
according to their needs
• If less then 1000 a liaison officer will look after
At universities
• Deans are assisted with HOD of psychology
and education – guidance committee, counseling
officer, can plan the programme and implement
the activities
Phases of counseling
• Phase I: Establishing Relationships
• Phase II: Assessment
• Phase III: Setting goal
• Phase IV: Interventions
• Phase V: Termination and Follow up
Phase I: Establishing
Relationships
• Begin the phase with,
– Introduce yourself
– Listen attentively
– Always address the individual by his/her preferred
name
– Ensure physical comfort
– Do not interrupt the individual while they are talking
– Observe nonverbal communications
Phase II: Assessment
it involves several skills such as,
• Observations
• Enquiry
• Making associations among facts
• Recording
• Making educated guesses
• Recording
Phase III: Setting goal
The major purpose of the phase to provide the
direction to individual and counselor. The process
of setting goals is corporately done by the
counselor and the individual. It requires:
• The skills of drawing inference
• Differentiation
• Teaching individual realistically
Phase IV: Interventions
It is a phase in which is more influenced by
the viewpoints a counselor holds about counseling
process. After setting the question that follows is
how shall we accomplish these goals? The
intervention will be used depend upon approaches
used by counselor, the problem and the individual
Phase V: Termination and
Follow up
• All counseling has ultimate criterion a
successful termination. It must be done without
destroying the accomplishments gained and
should be done with sensitivity, intention and by
fading. It is not unusual for the individual to have
a feeling of sense loss; hence termination should
be planned over few sessions. Followup
appointments can also be fixed for some time.
Types of counseling
Counselor centered counseling:
• To attempt the reconcile and integrate interests of
the personnel with the interest of more
sophisticated common forces of counseling where
the superior understand the problem, formulates
correct answers persuades the worker to perceive
the answer in the same ways. The client makes
decision, but the counselor does all that he can to
get the counselee make a decision and keeping
with his diagnosis.
Client centered counseling:
• It rests upon the fundamental respect for the
individuals’ belief in person’s ability to solve the
personal problems with the aid of a sympathetic
listener. The counselor’s role is passive. This type
of counseling is a growth experience. The goal is
independence and integration of client rather then
problem oriented. The counselor creates an
environment in which the client can work out his
own abilities.
Short term counseling
• It will be used in situational crisis in which
disruption of life occurred.
• It focuses or concerned of the client or family
• It can be relatively minor concern or major crisis,
but whatever the satiation it need immediate
action. Counselor will assist the client and guides
problem-solving in systematic way or decision
making.
Long term counseling:
• It extends over prolonged period of time. It
focused for the client who experience
developmental crisis may need long term
counseling. Support group can be involved in this
type of counseling.
Other types are,
• Electic counseling
• Psychological counseling
• Student counseling
• Placement counseling
• Marriage counseling
• Individual counseling
• Problem solving counseling