scientific 

Management theory

also often known as Taylorism, is a management theory first

advocated by Federick W. Taylor. It uses scientific methods to
analyze the most efficient production process in other order to
increase productivity.
 Systems Management theory

Systems management offers an alternative approach to the

planning and management of organizations. The systems
management theory proposes that businesses, like the human
body, consists of multiple components that work harmoniously
so that the larger system can function optimally.
 
 contingency management
theory

is an organizational theory that claims that there is no best way

to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to
make decisions. Instead, the optimal course of action is
contingent (dependent) on the internal and external situation.
Authoritarian and particive theory

An autocratic leader runs the organisation in an authoritarian

style and is known to solely make decisions of
the organisation without involving the subordinates. On the
contrast, a participative leader discharges a democratic
leadership style by engaging the subordinates in decision-
making process.
 theory x and theory y

Theory X and theory Y are part of motivational theories. Both the

theories, which are very different from each other, are used by
managers to motivate their employees. Theory X gives importance
to supervision, while theory Y stresses on rewards and recognition.
 burocratice management theory

is the basis for the systematic formation of any organisation and is

designed to ensure efficiency and economic effectiveness. It is an
ideal model for management and its administration to bring
an organisation's power structure into focus.
 human relations

a general approach to management that emphasizes the

importance of employee attitudes, interpersonal relationships,
group dynamics, and leadership styles in achieving
organizational effectiveness.
 Classic management

believes that employees are strongly motivated by their physical

needs and more specifically, monetary incentives. As such,
organizations that implement this management style often
incorporate regular opportunities for employees to be rewarded
for their productivity with incentives
 modern management

 believes that employees work for numerous reasons, including to

achieve satisfaction, happiness and desired lifestyles. With this
theory, managers understand employees' behaviors and needs and
can implement strategies to meet those needs and support their skill
development over time
 quantity management

In engineering and construction businesses, high-level quantities

are usually available during the bid or pre-contract phase. Hence,
to achieve the scope of work, the focus is primarily on planning
the necessary resources by using productivity to determine
corresponding quantities for each resource.
 organizations as learning
system

How an organization functions as a learning system is based on

a variety of factors — including culture, experience, values and
attitudes — which determine where learning takes place and
the nature of what is learned. Each of the learning orientations
listed below consists of two opposing poles.
 needs theory

also known as Three needs theory, proposed by psychologist

David McClelland, is a motivational model that attempts to
explain how the needs for achievement, affiliation, power
affect the actions of people from a managerial context
 Hyrochy structone

 refers to a company's chain of command, typically from

senior management and executives to general
employees. In other words, this structure applies to
organizations with a sole leader and a flow
of subordinates underneath them
 General system theory

 is about developing broadly applicable concepts and

principles, as opposed to concepts and principles
specific to one domain of knowledge. It
distinguishes dynamic or active systems from static
or passive systems.
 Emotional behavior

proposes that human beings have a limited number of

emotions (e.g., fear, anger, joy, sadness) that are
biologically and psychologically “basic” (Wilson-
Mendenhall et al., 2013), each manifested in an
organized recurring pattern of associated behavioral
components
 organizational Developing

is an objectives basedapproach to systems change

within an organisation. Organization Development
enables organization’s to build and sustain a new
desired state for the entire organization.
 
 Situational theory

 suggests that no single leadership style is best.

Instead, it depends on which type of leadership and
strategies are best-suitedto the task.
 theory Z and quality management

Theory Z is an approach to management based upon a

combination of American and Japanese management
philosophies and characterized by, among other things,
long-term job security, consensual decision making, slow
evaluation and promotion procedures, and individual
responsibility within a group co