Practical 1

AU-442

To: Sir Faraz Akbar

From: Muhammad Suhaib Uz Zaman Khan
Roll # AU - 19003
Table of Contents
Fundamental difference between FEM & FVM:.......................................3
Describe:...................................................................................................3
Node:......................................................................................................3
Element:.................................................................................................3
Mesh:.....................................................................................................3
Discretization:........................................................................................3
Boundary Condition:..............................................................................3
Modelling:..............................................................................................3
Simulation:.............................................................................................4
Examples:..................................................................................................4
FEM:.......................................................................................................4
Finite element model in biomedical (knee modelling)..........................4
.................................................................................................................................................................4

Finite element model vehicle safety...................................................4

Finite element model aviation............................................................5
Finite element method bicycle frame.................................................5
Finite Element method biomedical (shoulder)...................................6
Finite Volume Method...........................................................................6
References................................................................................................8
Fundamental difference between FEM & FVM:
-> FEM does volumetric integral and are not exactly conservative whereas FVM does surface
integrals and is exactly conservative.
-> FEM provides continuous solution whereas FVM provides discrete solution.
-> FEM is used in case of solids whereas FVM is used in case of fluids.

Describe:
Node: It is a point in space, defined by its coordinates, at which “degrees of freedom” are
defined.

Element: Small pieces you model is divided into are elements. The connect all nodes that lie on
their circumference.

Mesh: A mesh is made up of elements which contain nodes that represent the shape of the
geometry.

Discretization: The process of dividing the body into an equivalent number of finite elements
associated with nodes is called as discretization of an element in finite element analysis. Each
element is associated with the actual physical behavior of the body. The total number of
elements involved and their size variation within a given body are matters of engineering
judgement. The size of the element should be optimal. The smallest element discretized should
produce useful result and avoid computational effort. The body is divided into smaller elements
if the results vary rapidly and into larger elements if the results are constant. Each element
consists of nodes depending on the order of the element chosen. The discretization of the body
is done by using the mesh generation programs.

Boundary Condition: The physical domain under analysis is subjected to constraints, called
boundary conditions, for convergence of the solution to reasonable results. Boundary conditions
are significant in resolving computation problems. A wrong choice of boundary condition can
lead to either divergence of the solution or convergence to the wrong solution. The choice of
applying the right realistic boundary condition is important to avail the full potential. 

Modelling: For a more modern sense - A model is a symbolic device built to simulate and
predict aspects of behavior of a system. The word “model” has the traditional meaning of a
scaled copy or representation of an object. Note the distinction made between behavior and
aspects of behavior. To predict everything, in all physical scales, you must deal with the actual
system. A model abstracts aspects of interest to the modeler. The qualifier symbolic means that
a model represents a system in terms of the symbols and language of another discipline. For
example, engineering systems may be (and are) modeled with the symbols of mathematics
and/or computer sciences.

Simulation: A FEM simulation shows how a component or material reacts to certain

influences. It is based on the finite element method (FEM). With this numerical
calculation method, a component or an entire assembly is divided into a finite number
of elements making it possible to calculate the mechanical behavior of the individual sub-
areas and ultimately that of the entire component. The FEM simulation is based on special
algorithms that determine approximate values using a complex combination of differential
equations. A powerful computer with high computing power is required for a FEM simulation.
FEM software is often combined with CAD applications. The results of the FEM simulation can
be used for a wide variety of areas with various physical issues. One of the most common
applications is strength analysis on solid components with complex shapes.

Examples:
FEM:
Finite element model in biomedical (knee modelling)

Finite element model vehicle safety

Finite element model aviation

Finite element method bicycle frame

Finite Element method biomedical (shoulder)

Finite Volume Method

References
resources.pcb.cadence.com/blog/2020-finite-element-met
Is FEM has any advantages over FVM? Why COMSOL still use FEM? | ResearchGate
https://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/fem/node.php

https://www.ansys.com/blog/fundamentals-of-fea-meshing-for-structural-analysis

What are Nodes and Elements in Finite Element Analysis? - Enterfea

Solved: What does discretization mean in the finite element method... | Chegg.com

https://quickfem.com/wp-content/uploads/IFEM.Ch06.pdf

https://www.gom.com/en/topics/fem-simulation#:~:text=What%20is%20a%20FEM
%20simulation,elements%20(sub%2Dareas).

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_knee_joint_FE_model.png

https://blog.qarnot.com/freefem-and-the-finite-element-method-on-qarnot/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11831-020-09523-0