Chapter - 7

Physiology
& injuries
in sports

Physical Education

Presented By - Zaki Saudagar ❤

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CONTENTS
● Physiological factors determining
components of physical fitness
● Effect of exercise on Muscular System
● Effect of exercise on Cardio-Respiratory
System
● Sports injuries: Classification (Soft
Tissue Injuries -Abrasion, Contusion,
Laceration, Incision, Sprain & Strain;
Bone & Joint Injuries - Dislocation,
Fractures - Green-Stick, Comminuted,
Transverse Oblique & Impacted)

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 Sports Physiology
It is the study of long and short term effects of training
and body conditions of athlete
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 Physiological
factors
determining the
components
of physical
fitness
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Physiological factors
determining Strength

Size of muscles

Body weight

Muscle composition

Intensity of nervous impulse

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Physiological factors
determining Speed

Mobility of nervous system

Muscle composition

Explosive strength

Flexibility
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Physiological factors
determining Endurance

Aerobic capacity

Lactic acid tolerance

Movement economy

Muscle composition
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Physiological factors
determining Flexibility

Muscle strength

Age and gender

Stretchability of muscle

Internal environment

Previous injury
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Effects of exercise on
cardiorespiratory system

● Increase the size of heart

● Decrease in resting heart rate
● Increases blood flow
● Decrease in blood pressure
● Increase in blood volume
● Decrease in rate of respiration
● Increase in endurance
● Increase lungs efficiency
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Effects of Exercises on
muscular System
● Change in shape and
size of muscles
● Formation of more
capillaries
● Control extra fat
● Increases food storage
● Exercise and its health
benefits
● Non functioning fibre
become actives
● Efficiency and
movement of muscles
● Body posture remain
correct
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 Sports
Injuries 16
Sports Injuries
It is common in the field
of sports. during
practice training or
competition any player
can be injured. It is
natural to get injured.

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Classification

Soft tissue injuries

Bone injuries

Joint injuries

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Soft Tissue Injuries

Contusion -
Direct head or without
any sports equipment
can main cause of it. It
is due to the minor
accident

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Soft Tissue Injuries

Strain -
It can be mild as
vessels severe. It can
be occur at any time
during the practice
aur competition it is
caused by twisting or
pulling of muscles

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Soft Tissue Injuries

Sprain -
It is the alignment
injury. It may occur
due to overstretching
or tearing of ligament

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Soft Tissue
Soft TissueInjuries
Injuries

Abrasion -
It is a major injury
usually occur due to
friction with certain
equipment or fall over
the area where the
bones very close to
the skin.

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Soft TissueInjuries
Soft Tissue Injuries

Laceration -
A laceration is a kind of
tear-like wound or cut within
the skin or flesh that is open
and may be deep, caused by
a blunt impact to soft tissue.
It is an injury in the form of
a cut owing to separation of
connective tissues.

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Soft TissueInjuries
Soft Tissue Injuries

Incision -
A clean, straight cut caused by
a sharp edge (i.e. a knife).
Tends to bleed heavily as
multiple vessels may be cut
directly across. Connecting
structures such as ligaments
and tendons may also be
involved.

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Bone Injuries

Simple fracture
Compound fracture
Complicated fracture
Greenstick fracture
Impact fracture

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Simple Fracture
Fracture of the bone only, without damage
to the surrounding tissues or breaking of
the skin.
Compound Fracture
A compound fracture is a break or crack
in your bone that is visible through your
skin.
Transverse Fracture

It is a fracture where the bone

breaks at a right angle to the long
axis of the bone. Transverse
fractures most often occur as the
result of strong force applied
perpendicular to the long axis of a
bone.
Oblique Fracture

An oblique fracture is
characterised by a break that is
curved or at an diagonal angle to
the bone. A sharp blow that comes
from an angle (i.e. above or below)
may cause oblique fractures.
Complicated Fracture
Complicated fracture – structures surrounding
the fracture are injured. There may be damage
to the veins, arteries or nerves
Greenstick Fracture
A greenstick fracture is a fracture in a
young, soft bone in which the bone
bends and breaks
Impact Fracture
An impacted fracture occurs when the
broken ends of the bone are jammed
together by the force of the injury
Joint Injuries

Dislocation of joints Main

injury. The player usually
face dislocation of joints in
your finger and hand.
● Dislocation of lower jaw
● Dislocation of shoulder
joint
● Dislocation of hip joint
● Dislocation of wrist
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