Struktur 12

No
Date

Perkembangan Koonitic Mosa kanak-kanak Awal

y Cognitive Development :
Symbolic function
• The ability to use symbols that have
theaning
• Words & Images
• Numbers
•
Example
s
• Deffered
imitation
• Pretend Play 2/
Understanding objects
in space
• Why is H hard for ctuldren under dye 3 to understand
scale thockets and maps?
• Because they need to keep more than one mental
representation in the mind at
one time
• Advancing spatial
thinking :
 Usung simple maps and models
becomes easier after age 3

3/ Understanding of
causality

•
Transduction : Mentally linking phenomena,
whether logical or not
My parents got a divorce because I was bad" familiar
Settings help odvance causality & I am quit so I won't
wake the
baby."

4
Concerva
tion

Something remains the same even if its

appearance as altered
• Matter/mass &
Area
• Liquid
• Volume length
• Number

BOYKO 36 Lines, 6
 mm

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Date

sf
Irreversibility
•
failure to see that an
action
A belief that pouring the
amount of junce.
can go two or more
ways
juice from glass to glass
changes

of
fantasy vs.
Reality
•
Distinguising between real and
imagined events
Magical thinking ... witches and dragons Do you
want to hold a box with an imaginary bunny or
an Imaginary monster?!
Three Types of childhood
Memories
7/

•
Gener
ic
Produces "Scripts'-general outlines of repeated
and familiar
events
Episodic
Remembering a specific event at a
specific time Autobiographical
• Memories that form a person's
life hictory
• Specific and
long-lasting
•

3/
Influences on Memory
Retention

•o
Uniqueness of event, children collaborate with
 parents and adults when constructing
autobrogrophical Memories
o low elaborative
style
& High elaborative style Culture
affecte what children
remember

JOYKO 36 Lines, 6
mm

No Date

of
intelligen
ce

use "scaffolds" to leo

Vygotsky's
Theory
• Children
en use "scaffolds "to learn the temporary support of
adults
• Assess potential with dynamic tests
tone of proximal
development (apo) 10/ Laouage
Development :
 Vocabulari
es

• fast
mapping
Child learns the meaning of a word ocler hearing only once or twice
Theory of mind development plays a role
• By age 3, average child frows 900 - 1.000
words
By age b, knows about 2,600 and understands more than
20.000

n/
Grammar and
syntax
• Children Start Uang plurals, possessives, and
past tense . Know the difference between 1, you
and we
Most Sentences are
declaratie Errors with
irregular verbs Holded
instead of held.

12/ Pragmatics and

Social Speech

•
Pragmatics o How we use
laquage to Communicate
 • Knowing how to ask for
something Social Speech
Speech intended to be
understood by listener Trying
to explain something clearly

No Date

Priva
te
Spee
ch
:
e
lalking aloud with no intended
listener Normal and common in
childhood Dioget : A Sion of
conitive immaturety Vygotsky
Conversation with the self
& More recearch support this
view

197
Delay
ed
laquage
Development
 • About 3% of preschool-age
children
• May be probelms in fast
mapping
• Many children catch up especially if comprehension
is normal
Dialogic reading
helps.

2)
.

&
Preparation for
literacy General
Linguistick skills
Vocabulary, syntax,
etc, Specific Skills
Phonemic awareness: Understanding that words
are composed
of Sound Social
interaction
Reading to
children.
•
•