1

1 Hydrogen gas reacts with iodine gas. The equation is shown.

H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)

The reaction is reversible and can reach equilibrium.

The graphs show how pressure affects the yield of hydrogen iodide, HI, at two different temperatures.

500 °C

yield of
hydrogen iodide
700 °C

pressure

(a) Explain why the yield at 500 °C does not change as the pressure is increased.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) What can you conclude from the difference in the yield of hydrogen iodide at the two
temperatures shown?
Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

2 Sulfuric acid is manufactured by the Contact process. One step in the Contact process involves a
reversible reaction in which sulfur trioxide, SO3, is formed.

(a) Write a chemical equation for this reversible reaction. Include the correct symbol to show that
the reaction is reversible.

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(b) State the conditions and name the catalyst used in this reversible reaction.

temperature ......................................................................................................................

pressure ............................................................................................................................

catalyst ............................................................................................................................. [3]

(c) Describe how the sulfur trioxide formed is converted into sulfuric acid in the next steps of the
Contact process.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

3 When cobalt(II) chloride is added to water an equilibrium is established.

2–
(a) A student adds water to a blue solution containing [CoCl4] ions.

Describe what the student observes. Give a reason for your answer in terms of the position
of the equilibrium.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]
2–
(b) Another student cools a blue solution containing [CoCl4] . The blue solution turns pink.

What does this information indicate about the forward reaction?

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

4 Hydrogen and iodine react together in a reversible reaction. Hydrogen iodide is formed.

H2(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g)

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colourless purple colourless

gas gas gas

The forward reaction is exothermic.

A gas syringe containing an equilibrium mixture of hydrogen, iodine and hydrogen iodide gases
was sealed and heated to 250 °C. The equilibrium mixture was a pale purple colour.

equilibrium mixture of hydrogen,

iodine and hydrogen iodide
end blocked

The temperature of the gas syringe was increased to 300 °C.

(a) What happened to the position of the equilibrium when the temperature of the gas syringe
was increased from 250 °C to 300 °C?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) What happened to the rate of the forward reaction and the rate of the backward reaction when
the temperature of the gas syringe was increased from 250 °C to 300 °C?

rate of the forward reaction ...............................................................................................

rate of the backward reaction ........................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

5 Iron reacts with chlorine to form iron(III) chloride, Fe2Cl6.

(a) Balance the chemical equation for this reaction.

........Fe + .......Cl2 → Fe2Cl6 [2]

(b) At 400 °C Fe2Cl6 molecules decompose.

Fe2Cl6 ⇌ 2FeCl3

What is meant by the symbol ⇌ ?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]
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6 A sample of solid hydrated copper(II) sulfate is heated gently in a test-tube.

CuSO4.5H2O ⇌ CuSO4 + 5H2O

hydrated
copper(II) sulfate

Solid hydrated copper(II) sulfate is blue.

Describe two observations when the sample of solid hydrated copper(II) sulfate is heated gently
in a test-tube.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

7 When green iron(II) sulfate is heated it loses its water of crystallisation.

The reaction is reversible.

(a) Complete the following equation by writing the sign for a reversible reaction in the box.

FeSO4.7H2O FeSO4 + 7H2O

green white

[1]

(b) Use the information in the equation to suggest how to change white iron(II) sulfate into green
iron(II) sulfate.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]