TEXT STRUCTURES

by Gideon Kem B. Ubalde

 It was a major catastrophe.

I have decided to let him go.

She rejected my efforts to make her life easier.

The Gov’t wants to ban Facebook.

Smart Communications bought Suncellular network.

A lot of innocent people died.

TEXT STRUCTURES
 To compare means to explore similarities
between subjects, while to contrast means
to look at their differences. Both subjects of
the comparison are usually in the same
category, although they have their
differences.

TEXT STRUCTURES
 Description is the pattern of narrative
development that aims to make vivid a place,
object, character, or group. It is one of four
rhetorical modes, along with exposition,
argumentation, and narration. In practice, it
would be difficult to write literature that
drew on just one of the four basic modes.
Narration Description Exposition Argumentation

TEXT STRUCTURES
 Chronology is the science of arranging
events in their order of occurrence in time.
Consider, for example, the use of a timeline
or sequence of events. It is also "the
determination of the actual temporal
sequence of past events".

TEXT STRUCTURES
 Narrative exposition is the insertion of background
information within a story or narrative. This
information can be about the setting, characters'
backstories, prior plot events, historical context, etc.
In literature, exposition appears in the form of
expository writing embedded within the narrative.
Exposition is one of four rhetorical modes as
elucidated by Alexander Bain and John Genung.

TEXT STRUCTURES
 • Abstract (summary), shortening a passage or a write-
up without changing its meaning but by using different
words and sentences
• Epitome, a summary or miniature form
• Abridgement, the act of reducing a written work into a
shorter form
• Synopsis (disambiguation)
• Overview (disambiguation)

TEXT STRUCTURES
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
 COMPARE AND CONTRAST
 DESCRIPTION
 CHRONOLOGICAL
 PROBLEM-SOLUTION
 EXPOSITORY TEXTS
 SYNOPSIS
 SUMMARIZING / PRECIS