Grade 10 IB PHYSICS summer hw 2020 [155 marks]

1. [1 mark]
A student is verifying the equation
2𝜆𝑌
𝑥=
𝑧
The percentage uncertainties are:

What is the percentage uncertainty in x?
A. 5 % B. 15 % C. 25 % D. 30 %

2. [1 mark]
What is a correct value for the charge on an electron?
A. 1.60 x 10–12 μC B. 1.60 x 10–15 mC
C. 1.60 x 10–22 kC D. 1.60 x 10–24 MC
3. [1 mark]
The volume V of a cylinder of radius R and height H is given by V = 𝜋R2H. The volume of the
cylinder was measured with an uncertainty of 10% and the height was measured with an
uncertainty of 6%. What is the uncertainty in the radius of the cylinder?
A. 1% B. 2% C. 4% D. 8%
4. [1 mark]
Two lengths, 𝑎 and 𝑏, are measured to be 51 ± 1 cm and 49 ± 1 cm respectively. In which of
the following quantities is the percentage uncertainty the largest?
5
A. 𝑎 + 𝑏 B. 𝑎 − 𝑏 C. 𝑎 × 𝑏 D. 6


5. [1 mark]
An object is thrown from a cliff at an angle to the horizontal. The ground below the cliff is
horizontal.
Three quantities are known about this motion.
I. The horizontal component of the initial velocity of the object
II. The initial angle between the velocity of the object and the horizontal
III. The height of the cliff
What are the quantities that must be known in order to determine the horizontal distance
from the point of projection to the point at which the object hits the ground?

A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III

6. [1 mark]
A waiter carrying a tray is accelerating to the right as shown in the image.
What is the free-body diagram of the forces acting on the tray?



7. [1 mark]
A projectile is fired at an angle to the horizontal. The path of the projectile is shown.

Which gives the magnitude of the horizontal component and the magnitude of the vertical
component of the velocity of the projectile between O and P?

8. [1 mark]
A stopper of mass 8 g leaves the opening of a container that contains pressurized gas.The
stopper accelerates from rest for a time of 16 ms and leaves the container at a speed of 20
m s–1.
What is the order of magnitude of the force acting on the stopper?
A. 10–3 N
B. 100 N
C. 101 N
D. 103 N



9. [1 mark]
A horizontal spring of spring constant k and negligible mass is compressed through a
distance y from its equilibrium length. An object of mass m that moves on a frictionless
surface is placed at the end of the spring. The spring is released and returns to its
equilibrium length.

What is the speed of the object just after it leaves the spring?

9 : 9 :
A. 𝑦8: B. 𝑦8 9 C. 𝑦 : D. 𝑦 9

10. [4 marks]
A mass is suspended from the ceiling of a train carriage by a string. The string makes an
angle θ with the vertical when the train is accelerating along a straight horizontal track.

What is the acceleration of the train?
;
A. g sin θ B. g cos θ C. g tan θ D. <=>?

11. [1 mark]
Which statement applies to an object in translational equilibrium?
A. The object must be stationary.
B. The object must be moving with constant acceleration.
C. The resultant force acting on the object must be zero.
D. There must be no external forces acting on the object.

12. [1 mark]
A truck is pulled up an inclined plane at constant speed by an electric motor. The gain in
@
potential energy of the truck is 48 kJ. The efficiency of the electric motor is .
A

How much energy is dissipated in pulling the truck up the plane?

A. 16 kJ B. 24 kJ C. 32 kJ D. 64 kJ
13. [1 mark]
Balls X and Y are at the same height. X is projected horizontally at the same time that Y is
dropped. Y is the same size as X but has half its mass.

Ignoring air resistance, which statement is true?
A. Y will hit the ground before X.
B. Y will hit the ground after X.
C. Y will hit the ground at the same time as X.
D. The outcome can only be determined if the initial speed of X is known.
14. [1 mark]
A speed boat tows a water skier so that the skier accelerates.

The magnitude of the force exerted on the skier by the tow rope must be
I. greater than the magnitude of the total resistive force acting on the skier
II. equal to the magnitude of the force exerted on the tow rope by the skier
III. equal to the magnitude of the force causing the boat to accelerate.
Which of the above factors is/are correct?

A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II only D. III only

15. [1 mark]
Two steel balls, of mass 𝑀 and 2𝑀, fall at constant speeds in a tube filled with oil.

Which of the following correctly compares the magnitudes of the net force and of the drag
(resistance) force on the two balls?

16. [1 mark]
Under which conditions of pressure and density will a real gas approximate to an ideal gas?


17. [1 mark]
Q and R are two rigid containers of volume 3V and V respectively containing molecules of
the same ideal gas initially at the same temperature. The gas pressures in Q and R are p and
3p respectively. The containers are connected through a valve of negligible volume that is
initially closed.

The valve is opened in such a way that the temperature of the gases does not change. What
is the change of pressure in Q?
CD ED
A. +p B. @ C. @ D. –p

18. [1 mark]
The fraction of the internal energy that is due to molecular vibration varies in the different
states of matter. What gives the order from highest fraction to lowest fraction of internal
energy due to molecular vibration?
A. liquid > gas > solid B. solid > liquid > gas
C. solid > gas > liquid D. gas > liquid > solid
19. [1 mark]
A container with 0.60kg of a liquid substance is placed on a heater at time t=0. The specific
latent heat of vaporization of the substance is 200kJkg–1. The graph shows the variation of
the temperature T of the substance with time t.

What is the power of the heater?
A. 1200 W B. 3000 W C. 4800 W D. 13 300 W

20. [1 mark]
The molar mass of magnesium is 24g. 12g of magnesium contains the same number of
particles as
A. 6 g of carbon-12.
B. 12 g of carbon-12.
C. 24 g of carbon-12.
D. 6.02×1023 g of carbon-12.
21. [1 mark]
Water at a temperature of 0 °C is kept in a thermally insulated container. A lump of ice, also
at 0 °C, is placed in the water and completely submerged.

Which of the following is true in respect of both the net amount of ice that will melt and the
change in temperature of the water?


22. [1 mark]
A glass block of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in a tank filled with a liquid of higher
refractive index. Light is incident on the base of the glass block. Which is the correct
diagram for rays incident on the glass block at an angle greater than the critical angle?

23. [1 mark]
A string stretched between two fixed points sounds its second harmonic at frequency f.

Which expression, where n is an integer, gives the frequencies of harmonics that have a
node at the centre of the string?
FCG
A. @
𝑓 B. nf C. 2nf D. (2n + 1)f

24. [1 mark]
Properties of waves are
I. polarization
II. diffraction
III. refraction
Which of these properties apply to sound waves?
A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. I, II and III


25. [1 mark]
A point source of light of amplitude A0 gives rise to a particular light intensity when viewed
at a distance from the source. When the amplitude is increased and the viewing distance is
doubled, the light intensity is doubled. What is the new amplitude of the source?

A. 2A0 B. 2√2 A0 C. 4A0 D. 8A0

26. [1 mark]
Which diagram shows the shape of the wavefront as a result of the diffraction of plane
waves by an object?

27. [1 mark]
Two polarizers have polarizing axes that make an angle of 30˚ to each other. Unpolarized
light of intensity I1 is incident on the first polarizer so that light of intensity I2 emerges from
the second polarizer, as shown below.

√A J
The cosine of 30˚ is @ . What is the ratio JK ?
L

A N N M
1. M
2. A 3. 4. A
√A

28. [1 mark]
A wave pulse is sent along a light string which is attached to a heavy rope as shown. The
diagrams are not to scale.

Which diagram shows the shape of the string and the rope after a short time?

29. [1 mark]
Gas particles are equally spaced along a straight line. A sound wave passes through the gas.
The positions of the gas particles at one instant are shown below.
Which of the distances shown is equal to the wavelength of the wave?


30. [1 mark]
The diagrams show the variation with time t of the displacement y of a particle of a medium
through which a wave travels. Which diagram correctly shows the period T and amplitude A
of the wave?

31. [1 mark]
A small ball of weight W is attached to a string and moves in a vertical circle of radius R.

What is the smallest kinetic energy of the ball at position X for the ball to maintain
the circular motion with radius R?
O Q RO Q
A. @
B. W R C. 2 W R D. @


32. [1 mark]
The Earth is a distance 𝑟T from the Sun. The Moon is a distance 𝑟U from the Earth.
VW=XY<=<YZ>=[ \Y][^ _<W]>V<` =< <`] a=W<` ^b] <Z <`] cb>
The ratio VW=XY<=<YZ>=[ \Y][^ _<W]>V<` =< <`] a=W<` ^b] <Z <`] dZZ> is proportional to

e e eL eL
A. ef B. e g C. e Lh . D. e Li
g f f g

33. [1 mark]
An object rotates in a horizontal circle when acted on by a centripetal force F. What is the
centripetal force acting on the object when the radius of the circle doubles and the kinetic
energy of the object halves?
j j
A. N B. @ C. F D. 4F

34. [1 mark]
Particle P is moving with uniform speed in a horizontal circle. Which of the following shows
the correct directions of the acceleration a and the velocity v of P at the position shown?

35. [1 mark]
A car travels in a horizontal circle at constant speed. At any instant the resultant horizontal
force acting on the car is
A. zero.
B. in the direction of travel of the car.
C. directed out from the centre of the circle.
D. directed towards the centre of the circle.

36. [1 mark]
An object at the end of a spring oscillates vertically with simple harmonic motion (shm).
The graph shows the variation with time 𝑡 of the displacement 𝑥 of the object.

What is the velocity of the object?
@lm ls
A. − n
sin r n t
@lm ls
B. n
sin r n t
@lm ls
C. − n
cos r n t
@lm ls
D. n
cos r n t

37. [1 mark]
A mass at the end of a vertical spring and a simple pendulum perform oscillations on Earth
that are simple harmonic with time period T. Both the pendulum and the mass-spring
system are taken to the Moon. The acceleration of free fall on the Moon is smaller than that
on Earth. What is correct about the time periods of the pendulum and the mass-spring
system on the Moon?


38. [1 mark]
A mass oscillates with simple harmonic motion (SHM) of amplitude xo. Its total energy is 16 J.
v
What is the kinetic energy of the mass when its displacement is @w ?

A. 4 J B. 8 J C. 12 J D. 16 J
39. [1 mark]
A mass is connected to a spring on a frictionless horizontal surface as shown.

The spring is extended beyond its equilibrium length and the mass executes simple
harmonic motion (SHM). Which of the following is independent of the initial displacement
of the spring?

A. The angular frequency of the oscillation
B. The total energy of the mass
C. The average speed of the mass
D. The maximum kinetic energy of the mass
40. [1 mark]
x
Two waves meet at a point. The waves have a path difference of N. The phase difference
between the waves is
l
1. M
𝑟𝑎𝑑.
l
2. N
𝑟𝑎𝑑.
l
3. @
𝑟𝑎𝑑.

4. π rad.


41a. [2 marks]
A student strikes a tennis ball that is initially at rest so that it leaves the racquet at a speed
of 64 m s–1. The ball has a mass of 0.058 kg and the contact between the ball and the racquet
lasts for 25 ms.
Calculate the average force exerted by the racquet on the ball.

41b. [2 marks]
Calculate the average power delivered to the ball during the impact.

41c. [2 marks]
The student strikes the tennis ball at point P. The tennis ball is initially directed at an angle
of 7.00° to the horizontal.

The following data are available.

Height of P = 2.80 m
Distance of student from net = 11.9 m
Height of net = 0.910 m
Initial speed of tennis ball = 64 m s-1
Calculate the time it takes the tennis ball to reach the net.

41d. [3 marks]
Show that the tennis ball passes over the net.

41e. [2 marks]
Determine the speed of the tennis ball as it strikes the ground.

41f. [3 marks]
A student models the bounce of the tennis ball to predict the angle θ at which the ball leaves
a surface of clay and a surface of grass.

The model assumes
• during contact with the surface the ball slides.
• the sliding time is the same for both surfaces.
• the sliding frictional force is greater for clay than grass.
• the normal reaction force is the same for both surfaces.
Predict for the student’s model, without calculation, whether θ is greater for a clay surface
or for a grass surface.

42a. [1 mark]
A small ball of mass m is moving in a horizontal circle on the inside surface of a frictionless
hemispherical bowl.

The normal reaction force N makes an angle θ to the horizontal.
State the direction of the resultant force on the ball.


42b. [2 marks]
On the diagram, construct an arrow of the correct length to represent the weight of the ball.

42c. [3 marks]
Show that the magnitude of the net force F on the ball is given by the following equation.
:;
𝐹 = <=>?

42d. [4 marks]
The radius of the bowl is 8.0 m and θ = 22°. Determine the speed of the ball


42e. [2 marks]
Outline whether this ball can move on a horizontal circular path of radius equal to
the radius of the bowl.

42f. [1 mark]
The ball is now displaced through a small distance x from the bottom of the bowl and
is then released from rest.

The magnitude of the force on the ball towards the equilibrium position is given by
𝑚𝑔𝑥

𝑅
where R is the radius of the bowl.
Outline why the ball will perform simple harmonic oscillations about the equilibrium
position.

42g. [2 marks]
Show that the period of oscillation of the ball is about 6 s.

42h. [3 marks]
The amplitude of oscillation is 0.12 m. On the axes, draw a graph to show the variation with
time t of the velocity v of the ball during one period.

43a. [1 mark]
The moon Phobos moves around the planet Mars in a circular orbit.
Outline the origin of the force that acts on Phobos.


43b. [1 mark]
Outline why this force does no work on Phobos.

43c. [3 marks]
The orbital period T of a moon orbiting a planet of mass M is given by
𝑅A
= 𝑘𝑀
𝑇@
where R is the average distance between the centre of the planet and the centre of the
moon.
€
Show that 𝑘 = NlL

43d. [2 marks]
The following data for the Mars–Phobos system and the Earth–Moon system are available:
Mass of Earth = 5.97 × 1024 kg
The Earth–Moon distance is 41 times the Mars–Phobos distance.
The orbital period of the Moon is 86 times the orbital period of Phobos.
Calculate, in kg, the mass of Mars.

43e. [3 marks]
The graph shows the variation of the gravitational potential between the Earth and Moon
with distance from the centre of the Earth. The distance from the Earth is expressed as a
fraction of the total distance between the centre of the Earth and the centre of the Moon.

Determine, using the graph, the mass of the Moon.


44a. [2 marks]
An elastic climbing rope is tested by fixing one end of the rope to the top of a crane. The
other end of the rope is connected to a block which is initially at position A. The block is
released from rest. The mass of the rope is negligible.

The unextended length of the rope is 60.0 m. From position A to position B, the block falls
freely.
At position B the rope starts to extend. Calculate the speed of the block at position B.

44b. [2 marks]
At position C the speed of the block reaches zero. The time taken for the block to fall
between B and C is 0.759 s. The mass of the block is 80.0 kg.
Determine the magnitude of the average resultant force acting on the block between B and
C.


44c. [2 marks]
Sketch on the diagram the average resultant force acting on the block between B and C. The
arrow on the diagram represents the weight of the block.

44d. [2 marks]
Calculate the magnitude of the average force exerted by the rope on the block between B
and C.

44e. [1 mark]
For the rope and block, describe the energy changes that take place
between A and B.


44f. [1 mark]
between B and C.

44g. [2 marks]
The length reached by the rope at C is 77.4 m. Suggest how energy considerations could be
used to determine the elastic constant of the rope.

44h. [2 marks]
An elastic climbing rope is tested by fixing one end of the rope to the top of a crane. The
other end of the rope is connected to a block which is initially at position A. The block is
released from rest. The mass of the rope is negligible.

The unextended length of the rope is 60.0 m. From position A to position B, the block falls
freely.
In another test, the block hangs in equilibrium at the end of the same elastic rope. The
elastic constant of the rope is 400 Nm–1. The block is pulled 3.50 m vertically below the
equilibrium position and is then released from rest.
Calculate the time taken for the block to return to the equilibrium position for the first
time.

44i. [2 marks]
Calculate the speed of the block as it passes the equilibrium position.

45a. [2 marks]
Liquid oxygen at its boiling point is stored in an insulated tank. Gaseous oxygen is
produced from the tank when required using an electrical heater placed in the liquid.
The following data are available.
Mass of 1.0 mol of oxygen = 32 g
Specific latent heat of vaporization of oxygen = 2.1 × 105 J kg–1
Distinguish between the internal energy of the oxygen at the boiling point when it is in its
liquid phase and when it is in its gas phase.


45b. [2 marks]
An oxygen flow rate of 0.25 mol s–1 is needed.
Calculate, in kW, the heater power required.

45c. [2 marks]
Calculate the volume of the oxygen produced in one second when it is allowed to expand to
a pressure of 0.11 MPa and to reach a temperature of –13 °C.

45d. [1 mark]
State one assumption of the kinetic model of an ideal gas that does not apply to oxygen.

46. [3 marks]
This question is about internal energy.
Humans generate internal energy when moving, while their core temperature remains
approximately constant.

Distinguish between the concepts of internal energy and temperature.

47a. [2 marks]
A beam of microwaves is incident normally on a pair of identical narrow slits S1 and S2.

When a microwave receiver is initially placed at W which is equidistant from the slits, a
maximum in intensity is observed. The receiver is then moved towards Z along a line
parallel to the slits. Intensity maxima are observed at X and Y with one minimum between
them. W, X and Y are consecutive maxima.
Explain why intensity maxima are observed at X and Y.


47b. [3 marks]
The distance from S1 to Y is 1.243 m and the distance from S2 to Y is 1.181 m.
Determine the frequency of the microwaves.

47c. [1 mark]
Outline one reason why the maxima observed at W, X and Y will have different intensities
from each other.

47d. [2 marks]
The microwaves emitted by the transmitter are horizontally polarized. The microwave
receiver contains a polarizing filter. When the receiver is at position W it detects a
maximum intensity.

The receiver is then rotated through 180° about the horizontal dotted line passing through
the microwave transmitter. Sketch a graph on the axes provided to show the variation of
received intensity with rotation angle.

48a. [3 marks]
This question is about the motion of a ship and observing objects from it.
A security camera on the ship captures an image of two green lamps on the shore. The
lamps emit light of wavelength 520 nm.

The camera has a circular aperture of diameter 6.2 mm. The lamps are separated by 1.5 m.
Determine the maximum distance between the camera and the lamps at which the images
of the lamps can be distinguished.

48b. [2 marks]
The sailors on the ship wear polarized sunglasses when observing the sea from the ship.
Unpolarized light from the Sun is incident on the sea.
Describe the polarization of the sunlight that is reflected from the sea.

48c. [3 marks]
Outline how polarized sunglasses help to reduce glare from the sea.


49a. [7 marks]
This question is about simple harmonic motion (SHM), wave motion and polarization.
A liquid is contained in a U-tube.

The pressure on the liquid in one side of the tube is increased so that the liquid is displaced
as shown in diagram 2. When the pressure is suddenly released the liquid oscillates. The
damping of the oscillations is small.
(i) Describe what is meant by damping.
(ii) The displacement of the liquid surface from its equilibrium position is x. The
acceleration a of the liquid in the tube is given by the expression
2𝑔
𝑎=− 𝑥
𝑙
where g is the acceleration of free fall and l is the total length of the liquid column. Explain,
with reference to the motion of the liquid, the significance of the minus sign.
(iii) The total length of the liquid column in the tube is 0.32m. Determine the period of
oscillation.


49b. [6 marks]
The string in (c) is fixed at both ends and is made to vibrate in a vertical plane in its first
harmonic.

(i) Describe how the standing wave in the string gives rise to the first harmonic.

(ii) Outline how a travelling wave in a string can be used to describe the nature of polarized
light.

50a. [2 marks]
A student is investigating a method to measure the mass of a wooden block by timing the
period of its oscillations on a spring.
Describe the conditions required for an object to perform simple harmonic motion (SHM).


50b. [2 marks]
A 0.52 kg mass performs simple harmonic motion with a period of 0.86 s when attached to
the spring. A wooden block attached to the same spring oscillates with a period of 0.74 s.

Calculate the mass of the wooden block.

50c. [3 marks]
In carrying out the experiment the student displaced the block horizontally by 4.8 cm from
the equilibrium position. Determine the total energy in the oscillation of the wooden block.

50d. [3 marks]
A second identical spring is placed in parallel and the experiment in (b) is repeated. Suggest
how this change affects the fractional uncertainty in the mass of the block.


50e. [1 mark]
With the block stationary a longitudinal wave is made to travel through the original spring
from left to right. The diagram shows the variation with distance x of the displacement y of
the coils of the spring at an instant of time.

A point on the graph has been labelled that represents a point P on the spring.
State the direction of motion of P on the spring.

50f. [2 marks]
Explain whether P is at the centre of a compression or the centre of a rarefaction.


51. [2 marks]
This question is about simple harmonic motion (SHM) and sound.
The diagram shows a section of continuous track of a long-playing (LP) record. The stylus
(needle) is placed in the track of the record.

As the LP record rotates, the stylus moves because of changes in the width and position of
the track. These movements are converted into sound waves by an electrical system and a
loudspeaker.
A recording of a single-frequency musical note is played. The graph shows the variation in
horizontal acceleration of the stylus with horizontal displacement.

The mass of the stylus is 5.5 × 10EN kg. Determine the maximum kinetic energy of the
stylus.

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