PREFACE

The magnitude of English mastery urgency has made the author

of this book formulating guidelines provided for students. It aims making

learners to comprehend and apply what they have gotten in English class

into their lives.

Consequently, the book is composed to provide enlightenment for

early age English teachers on how English should be taught and how to

understand the children’s development process. These are efforts to

optimize the teaching learning process. This book can be utilized by

teachers who will teach English for elementary school students; parents

who will start teaching English to their children; and parties who will open

non-formal education institution.

The author is aware that this handbook is still far from

perfection and has weakness in some aspects. Therefore, criticism and

suggestion are welcomed for the improvement of this work. This

worksheet, hopefully, would give significant benefit among teachers,

students, as well as people in general who read it.

Kediri, 20th of October 2021

The Author
 CONTENT

EXPRESSION OF INVIATION

TALKING ABOUT IDOL

QUESTION WORD

TALKING ABOUT FAMOUS PERSON

DIRECTION

PHYSICS VOCABULARY

PREPOSITION

CONVERSATION AT RESTAURANT
 EXPRESSION OF INVIATION

Making Invitation

Would you like to . . . ? Why don’t you come to . . . .?

I would be very happy if . . . ? Like to come to . . . .

Could you come to . . . ? Come and . . . .

Accepting Invitation

Thank you very much for inviting me All right.

That would be very nice. Sure, I am coming

Sure. Why not?

Refusing Invitation

I’m very sorry, I don’t Unfortunately, I can’t . . .

I’d like to, but . . . . Sorry, I can’t.

I’m afraid I’ve . . . . I don’t think I can.

Thank you for asking me, but . . . Sorry, maybe next time
 Some dialogue examples:

Dialogue 1:

Vina is very busy doing her English homework, while Sheila, her friend,

phones Vina to come to her party.

Sheila : Hello, this is Sheila. May I speak to Vina?

Vina : This is Vina speaking.

Sheila : Oh, hi Vina. I wonder if you’d like to come to my house tonight.

We’re having a great party.

Vina : I don’t think I can. I’m doing my homework. I’m afraid I couldn’t

finish my homework.

Sheila : That’s alright.

Vina : I hope you enjoy your party.

Sheila : Thanks Vina.

Dialogue 2:

Zarah : Good afternoon, dear friend!

Etra : Good afternoon. Why are you very happy?

Zarah : Don’t you know , today is my birthday.

Etra : Really ? Oh, happy birthday

Zarah : Yeah , thank you. Would you mind to come to my birthday party

tonight?

Etra : Oh, I’d love to come. Where will the party be held ?

Zarah : at Garing’s cafe at 8 p.m.

 Etra : Okay. Who will you invite?

Zarah : I invite my classmates and some friends from our piano course. I

invite your crush, Toni, too.

Etra : Haha. Yeah, I hope he will come to your birthday party.

Zarah : Yeah, it would be nice if you can go together with him.

Etra : May be I’ll ask him later.

Zarah : Okay, good luck!

Etra : Yeah, wish your party will be great and fun. See you!

Dialogue 3:

Etra : Hi Toni. Do you get a birthday invitation from Zarah?

Toni : Yeah, the party will be held tonight, right?

Etra : How about going there together after piano course?

Toni : Why not! What are you going to give to Zarah?

Etra : Hhmm, I think it will be great to give her a surprise.

Toni : Hhmmm, how about playing One Day song in her birthday?

Etra : What a great idea! That’s one of her favorite song.

Toni : Yeah, let’s practice for tonight’s show.

Etra : But we have to wait until Zarah go home. Oh look, she’s already
picked up by her driver.

Toni : Let’s go come to the class!

 TALKING ABOUT IDOL

Agnes Monica

Agnes Monica is an Indonesian Singer, I think all of you have

known “Agnes Monica” because she is the most popular singer in

Indonesia, besides as a singer, she is a model, singing coach, and actress.

She has built a reputation as the best singer in Indonesia because she

has launched an oversea album in USA.

Born in Jakarta, July 1 1986, Agnes Monica starting her career

at the age six as the child singer. She had released three child album

that took her to the stardom. Agnes monica also starred at the drama

Pernikahan Dini in 2001. At the 2003, the singer launched an album titled

“And the story goes” which made her as the true stars. My favorite song

from Agnes is Matahariku. I always listened this song at the night, but

now I like all of the song.

 Dialogue Examples

Dialogue 1:

Dina : angel, I see you buy a ticket, is it right?

Angel : yes, I buy a ticket for single movie

Dina : I buy it too, when you will watch?

Angel : at 7 pm how about you?

Dina : am I too. Let’s watch the movie together

Angel : by the way, do you like raditya dika?

Dina : yes, he is funny and kind

Angel : we are same again, I like him too

Dina : what do you like from Radit?

Angel : I like his appearance

Dina : oh I see, next time we can follow meet and greet together

Angel : good idea

Dialogue 2:

Alex : Sinta, I hear that last week you visited Bali, That’s right?

Sinta : Yes, that’s right Alex, why?

Alex : Did you go for vacation?

Sinta : No, I went to Bali because I wanted to see my idol

Alex : Really? who’s your idol?

Sinta : Ronaldo, do you know him?

Alex : a singer or an actor?

Sinta : Nope! he is a football player

Alex : wow! really?

Sinta : Yes, I like ronaldo very much and I like Realmadrid

Alex : That’s good, you are a woman but you like footbal

Sinta : Yes of course (ya tentu saja) and you, who is your idol?

Alex : my idol is lionel messi

Sinta : Oh, I see

 QUESTION WORD

Who (siapa) : menanyakan subject person

: menanyakan subject/object non-

What (apa)
person

Which (yang mana) : menanyakan pilihan

Whose (milik siapa) : menanyakan kepemilikan

Where (dimana/kemana) : menanyakan tempat

When (kapan) : menanyakan waktu

Why (kenapa/mengapa) : menanyakan alasan

How (bagaimana) : menanyakan keadaan/cara

How many +
(berapa banyak) : menanyakan jumlah
nPl

How much
(berapa banyak) : menanyakan jumlah
+nU

Translate into Bahasa Indonesia!

1. Who sells many books in the shop?

2. What do they do?

3. Where do they sell many books?

4. What do they sell in the market?

5. Which house is yours?

Fungsi Question Words

1. WHAT

What digunakan untuk menanyakan benda atau suatu hal.

Contoh :

• What do you know about this major?

(apa yang kamu tau tentang pelajaran ini?)

• what are you doing here?

(apa yang kamu lakukan disini?)

• what is the meaning of this word?

(apa arti dari kata ini?)

2. WHERE

Where digunakan untuk menanyakan tempat atau letak dalam

bahasa inggris.

Contoh :

• Where is his house?

(dimana rumahnya?)

• where will you go tonight?

(dimana kamu akan pergi malam ini?)

• where I can live in this city?

(dimana aku bisa tinggal di kota ini?)

3. WHO

Who digunakan untuk menanyakan orang atau subject, who sendiri

memiliki arti siapa.

Contoh :

• who is your enemy?

(siapa musuhmu?)

• who are your bestfriend here?

(siapa sahabat mu disini?)

• who can help me now?

(siapa yang dapat membantuku sekarang?)

4. WHICH

Which digunakan untuk menanyakan orang, benda atau hal

tertentu yang dimaksudkan dari beberapa orang atau benda.

Contoh :

• which books that you want?

(buku mana yang kamu inginkan?)

• which girls that you like?

(gadis-gadis mana yang kamu suka?)

• which menu that you make?

(menu yang mana yang kamu buat?)

5. WHOM

Whom digunakan untuk menanyakan orang yag terkena aksi.

Contoh :

• Whom are you talking about?

(dengan sapa kamu berbicara?)

• whom are you love?

(siapa yang kamu cintai?)

• whom you called last night?

(siapa yang kamu telpon malam kemarin?)

6. WHOSE

Whose berhubungan dengan kepemilikan atau kepunyaan yaitu

orang mana yang memiliki suatu hal atau benda yang dimaksudkan.

Contoh :

• whose bag is it?

(tas siapa ini?)

• whose car that we use to go?

(mobil siapa yang kita gunakan untuk pergi?)

• whose novel is it?

(Novel siapa ini?)

7. WHY

Why memiliki arti mengapa, digunakan untuk menanyakan suatu

alasan terhadap suatu hal.

Contoh :

• Why are you learning about that?

(mengapa kamu belajar tentang itu?)

• why are you sad?

(mengapa kamu bersedih?)

• why you miss me?

(mengapa kamu merindukan aku?)

8. HOW

How digunakan untuk menanyakan keadaan suatu benda atau suatu

hal, how memiliki arti bagaimana.

Contoh :

• how is your day?

(bagaimana hari mu?)

• how you answer this question?

(bagaimana kamu menjawab pertanyaan ini?)

• how you treat your mom?

(bagaimana kamu memperlakukan ibumu?)

 TALKING ABOUT FAMOUS PERSON

FROM OTHER COUNTRY

Elizabeth

Elizabeth was the only surviving child of Henry VIII and Anne

Boleyn. At the time of her birth, she was heir to the throne. However,

when Elizabeth was two-years-old, her mother was executed. A year

later, a male heir, Edward, was born.

She only returned to her father's court when he married his

sixth and final wife Katherine Parr. After Henry's death, she lived at

her stepmother's home with her new husband, Thomas Seymour.

However, she left her home following an incident with Seymour. Although
no one really knows what happened, it is thought Katherine found

Elizabeth kissing him.

On King Edward's death of consumption in 1553, Elizabeth's

sister Mary came to the throne, and Elizabeth was briefly confined to

the Tower of London for suspected treason and collaboration with the

rebel Thomas Wyatt. After a few months in the Tower, she was sent to

Woodstock and placed under house arrest for a year. It was only when

Mary I thought she was pregnant that Elizabeth was allowed to return

to her Hatfield residence.

Mary's marriage to Philip II of Spain made it seem possible that

an heir would be born, but Mary died childless in 1558. Elizabeth I was

crowned Queen of England on 15 January 1559.

Elizabeth's 45-year reign - referred to as the Elizabethan era

or the Golden Age of Elizabeth - was one of the more constructive

periods in English history: literature bloomed through the works of

Spenser, Marlowe and Shakespeare; Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh

were instrumental in expanding English influence in the New World;

Elizabeth's religious compromise laid many fears to rest and de-fused a

potential powder keg; and fashion and education came to the fore

because of Elizabeth's penchant for knowledge, courtly behavior and

extravagant dress.

One of the most important concerns during Elizabeth's early

reign was religion. She relied primarily on Sir William Cecil for advice on

the matter. The Act of Uniformity 1559, to which she gave assent
shortly after ascending the throne, required the use of the Protestant

Book of Common Prayer in church services.

Communion with the Catholic Church had been reinstated under

Mary I, but was ended by Elizabeth as she assumed the title of "Supreme

Governor of the Church of England", rather than "Supreme Head". The

Act of Supremacy 1559 was also passed, requiring public officials to take

an oath acknowledging the Sovereign's control over the Church or face

severe punishment.

Her cousin, Mary (Queen of Scots), was a Catholic but remained

the most likely candidate to succeed her. When Mary was driven out of

Scotland, she was received by Elizabeth but seen as a threat and so kept

under lock and key at Fotheringham.

Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth in February 1570,

something his predecessor had been reluctant to do. This made it

impossible for Elizabeth to continue her policy of religious toleration.

Mary Stuart allowed herself to become implicated in yet another treason

plot by Catholic sympathizers, and Elizabeth had her executed in 1587.

This was the excuse that Philip II of Spain needed to make a determined

invasion attempt. Thanks to Elizabeth's naval leaders, notably Sir Francis

Drake, the Spanish Armada of 1588 was defeated and scattered.

Elizabeth never married and became known as the 'Virgin Queen'.

This is despite having many suitors throughout her reign, including her

'great love' Robert Dudley. The pair were childhood friends and he soon

became her favorite at court. They never married as Robert was already
married to Amy Robsart when Elizabeth became queen. Amy died in

mysterious circumstances - found at the bottom of the stairs - a few

years later and the scandal meant the pair could never wed.

Despite this, Robert remained the queen's favourite until his

death in 1588. She kept his last letter to her for the rest of her life.

Several foreign princes and dukes vied for the hand of Elizabeth, who

successfully used their suits for developing a friendly relationship

without accepting their hand. The man who came closest to marrying the

queen was Francis, Duke of Alencon of France, but he died before

negotiations were finalized. Her death ended the Tudor dynasty.

Elizabeth died on 24 March 1603, and is buried at Westminster Abbey.

 DIRECTION

Some useful vocabularies:

• Straight – Lurus

• Left – Kiri

• Right – Kanan

• Past – Lewat

• Cross – Menyebrang

• Between – Antara

• Behind – Di belakang

• Up – Atas

• Down – Bawah

• Front – Depan

• Beside – Samping

• Near – Dekat

• Opposite / Across – Seberang

• Roundabout – Bundaran

• Sidewalk – Trotoar

• Street – Jalan

• Road – Jalanan

• Corner – Pojok

• Highway – Jalan raya

• Crossroad – Perempatan
• Junction – Persimpangan jalan

• T-junction – Pertigaan

• Signpost – Rambu jalan

• Walkway – Gang / Jalan setapak

• Intersection – Persimpangan

• Bridge – Jembatan

• Freeway – Jalan bebas hambatan

• Lane – Jalur

• Overpass – Jembatan penyebrangan

• Alley – Gang

• Boulevard – Jalan raya

• Tunnel – Terowongan

• Shortcut – Jalan potong

• West – Barat

• Northwest – Barat Laut

• North – Utara

• Northeast – Timur Laut

• East – Timur

• Southeast – Tenggara

• South – Selatan

• Southwest – Barat Daya

• Zebra crossing – Zebra cross / Jalur penyebrangan pejalan kaki

• Traffic lights – Lampu lalu lintas

• Country road – Jalanan pedesaan

 • Exit ramp – Jalan keluar

Vocabulary about direction:

• Go straight – Lurus terus

• Turn left – Belok kiri

• Turn right – Belok kanan

• Go past – Lewati

• Go along – Telusuri

• Around the corner – Setelah belokan / Di dekat sini (idiom)

• Turn back / go back – Balik arah

• Go down – Turun

• Go over – Lewati (atas)

• Go through – Lewati

• Go up – Naiki

• In front of – Di depan
Use these to tell direction:

• First – Pertama

First, you take the Main Street until the Post Office. – Pertama,

Anda lurus di jalan utama hingga ada kantor pos.

• After that – Setelahnya

After that, turn right. – Setelahnya, belok kanan.

• Then – Kemudian

Then, go straight in front of the cinema. – Kemudian, lurus

melewati bioskop.

• Next – Selanjutnya

Next, turn left at the intersection. – Selanjutnya, belok kiri di

persimpangan.

• Finally – Akhirnya

Finally, you will see your destination on the right side of the

road. – Akhirnya, Anda akan melihat tempat tujuan berada di

sebelah kanan jalan.

Vocabulary about public place:

• Cinema – Bioskop

• School – Sekolah

• Hospital – Rumah sakit

• Hotel – Hotel

• Traditional market – Pasar

• Museum – Museum

• Restaurant – Restoran

• Train station – Stasiun kereta

• Shop – Toko

• Office – Kantor

• Park – Taman

• Bus stop – Halte bus

More examples:

• The market is in front of the City Hall. – Pasarnya berada di

depan Balai Kota.

• Go up the hill and you’ll find the bus stop. – Naik bukit dan Anda

akan menemukan halte bus.

• Take a shortcut to the school going through the park. – Ambil

jalan potong ke sekolah dengan melalui taman.

• To get to the building, you have to go over the walkway. – Untuk

sampai ke gedungnya, Anda harus melewati gang.

• Go down the hill and you’ll find the entrance to the park. – Turuni

bukit dan Anda akan menemukan pintu masuk taman.

• If you get to the bridge, you went to far, you’ll have to turn back.

– Jika Anda sampai ke jembatan, Anda sudah kejauhan dan harus

putar balik.

• Go along the main road until you find the gas station. – Telusuri

jalan utama hingga Anda menemukan pom bensin.

• Go past the cinema and you’ll find the library. – Lewati bioskop

dan Anda akan menemukan perpustakaan.

• Turn right on the next corner. – Belok kanan di belokan

selanjutnya

• Turn left on the supermarket. – Belok kiri di supermarket.

• Go straight ontill you see the hospital then turn left. – Lurus

terus hingga Anda melihat rumah sakit kemudian belok kiri.

• Take the third road on the rightand you will see the office on

the right. – Ambil jalan ketiga di sebelah kanan dan Anda akan

melihat kantornya di sebelah kanan.

• The hospital isopposite the railway station. – Rumah sakit berada

di seberang stasiun kereta.

• The shop is nearthe hospital. – Tokonya berada di dekat rumah

sakit.

• At the end ofthe road you will see a roundabout. – Di ujung jalan,

Anda akan melihat bundaran.

 • At the corner ofthe road you will see red building. – Di pojokan

jalan, Anda akan melihat gedung merah.

Asking direction:

• Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the nearest post

office?

(permisi, bisakah kamu memberitahuku kemana arah kantor pos

terdekat?)

• Excuse me, do you know where the nearest post office is?

(permisi, apakah kamu tahu dimana kantor pos terdekat?)

• Excuse me, can you show me the way to the station, please?

(permisi, bisakah kamu menunjukkan jalan ke stasiun, tolong?)

• I’m looking for …

(aku mencari...)

• Is this the right way for …?

(apakah ini jalan yang benar untuk...?)

• Do you know where is...?

(apakah kamu tahu dimana...?)

• Do you have a map?

(apakah kamu punya peta?)

• Could you show me on the map?

(bisakah kamu memperlihatkanku peta?)

• How far is it to...?

(seberapa jauh untuk ke...?)

• Is it far?

(apakah itu jauh?)

• Can you please tell me how I can get to Oxford Street?

(bisakah kamu memberitahukanku arah ke jalan oxford?)

• Where is the nearest supermarket?

(dimanakah supermarket terdekat?)

• How can I get to the local market?

(Kemana arah pasar lokal?)

• I'm trying to get to Downing Street.

(aku mencoba untuk pergi ke jalan downing)

• How do I get to the office?

(kemana arah ke kantor?)

• What's the best way to get to your house?

(kemana jalan yang paling dekat ke rumahmu?)

• Where is Mc Donalds can you tell me please?

(mc donalds ada dimana?bisakah kamu memberitahuku?

Giving Direction:

• Go straight on till you see the hospital then turn left.

(lurus terus sampai kamu melihat rumah sakit lalu belok kiri)

• Turn back, you have gone past the turning.

(kembali, tujuanmu sudah terlewat)

• Turn left when you see a roundabout.

(belok kiri ketika kamu melihat bunderan)

• Turn right at the end of the road and my house is number 67.

(belok kanan di akhir jalan dan nomor rumahku adalah 67)

• Cross the junction and keep going for about 1 mile.

(sebrangi persimpangan dan lurus terus sekitar 1 mil)

• Take the third road on the right and you will see the office on

the right

(ambil jalur ketiga di sebelah kanan dan kamu akan melihat kantor

di sebelah kanan)

• Take the third road on the right and you will see the shop on

the left

(ambil jalur ketiga di sebelah kanan dan kamu akan melihat toko

di bagian kiri)

• Take the second road on the left and you will see the house on

the left

(ambil jalur kedua di sebelah kiri dan kamu akan melihat rumah di

sebelah kiri)
• Take the second road on the left and you will see the hospital

straight ahead

(ambil jalur kedua di sebelah kiri dan kamu akan melihat rumah

sakit didepan)

• The hospital is opposite the railway station.

(rumah sakit ada di seberang stasiun kereta)

• The shop is near the hospital.

(toko ada di sekitar rumah sakit)

• The shop is in between the chemist and KFC.

(tokonya ada di antara ahli kimia dan KFC)

• At the end of the road you will see a roundabout.

(di ujung jalan kamu akan melihat bunderan)

• At the corner of the road you will see red building.

(di pojok jalan kamu akan menemukan bangunan merah)

• Go straight on at the traffic lights.

(lurus saja dari lampu merah)

• turn right at the crossroads.

(belok kanan di persimpangan)

• Follow the signposts for Manchester.

(ikuti rambu jalan untuki pergi ke manchester)

Dialogue example:

Jack : Excuse me. Could you tell me where the National Bank is?

Anna : The National Bank? Oh, I’m afraid that you are quite far

from that.

Jack : What? I’m lost? I thought I was near!

Anna : Oh no. National Bank is in Saigon Road on Nguyen Street!

Jack : Could you please tell me how to get there?

Anna : Hmmm. Let me see... Go straight on this road, turn right at

the traffic lights...

Jack : Is that all?

Anna : Hmmm… Hold on. Let me think... Ah! After that, go past the

big church and turn right into Saigon Road. And...

Jack : Okay. And?

Anna : Opposite Saigon Road is the Nguyen Street. You will see the

Vina Mall. It’s huge. National Bank is next to it. You surely

won’t be lost anymore.

Jack : Got it! But is that the quickest way of getting there?

Anna : Yes, it is.

Jack : Do you have a map?

Anna : I’m sorry I don’t have.

Jack : Okay. Thanks.

Anna : You are welcome.

 PHYSICS VOCABULARY

Some vocabularies:

• Acceleration – Akselerasi / Percepatan

• Adhesion – Adhesi

• Adhesives – Adhesif (melekat)

• Ampere – Ampere

• Amplifier – Penguat

• Anion – Anion

• Antimatter – Antimateri

• Atom – Atom

• Battery – Baterai

• Biophysics – Biofisika

• Buoyancy – Kemampuan mengapung / Tenaga apung

• Calorie – Kalori

• Capacitance – Kapasitansi

• Cathode – Katoda

• Charge – Muatan

• Cohesion – Kohesi

• Conductor – Konduktor

• Convection – Konveksi

• Coulomb – Coulomb

• Current – Arus
• Decibel – Decibel

• Density – Massa jenis

• Diaphragm – Diafragma

• Diffusion – Difusi

• Dimension – Dimensi

• Dynamic – Dinamika

• Distance – Jarak

• Diode – Diode

• Elasticity – Elastisitas

• Electricity – Listrik

• Electromagnet – Elektromagnet

• Electron – Elektron

• Energy – Energi / Daya

• Expansion – Pemuaian

• Fluid – Cairan

• Force – Gaya

• Frequency – Frekuensi

• Friction – Gesekan

• Geophysic – Geofisika

• Gravity – Gravitasi

• Heat – Panas

• Horsepower – Daya kuda

• Impetus – Dorongan / Daya dorong

• Impact – Dampak
• Inductance – Induktansi

• Inertia – Inersia

• Ionization – Ionisasi

• Light – Cahaya

• Liquid – Cair

• Mass – Massa

• Matter – Materi

• Melting – Mencair

• Mechanics – Mekanika

• Molecule – Molekul

• Momentum – Momentum

• Particle – Partikel

• Photon – Foton

• Pressure – Tekanan

• Quantum – Quantum

• Radiation – Radiasi

• Reflection – Refleksi

• Resonance – Resonansi

• Relativity – Relativitas

• Resistance – Hambatan / Resistensi

• Semiconductor – Semikonduktor

• Sound – Suara

• Solubility – Kelarutan / Daya larut

• Sublimation – Sublimasi
 • Space – Antariksa / Ruang Angkasa

• Spring – Pegas

• Spectrum – Spektrum

• Temperature – Temperatur

• Thermal – Termal / Kalor

• Tension – Tegangan

• Trajectory – Lintasan

• Velocity – Kecepatan

• Viscosity – Viskositas

• Wave – Gelombang

• Wavelength – Panjang gelombang

Sentence examples:

No. Kalimat Artinya

Kami mendapat kelas Fisika We get Physics classes every

1
setiap hari kamis Thursday

Guru biologi mengajarkan kami Biology teacher teaches us about

2
tentang reproduksi reproduction

Jaringan kulit terdiri dari The skin net consists of a strong

3
lapisan yang kuat layer
 Rumus ilmu fisika sangat rumit The physics formula is very
4
dan sulit complicated and difficult

Satuan atom adalah satuan

5 The atomic unit is the smallest unit
terkecil

Praktek fisika kami harus Our physics practice must make a

6
membuat sistem yang baku standard system

Gas alam yang dapat digunakan Natural gas that can be used as
7
sebagai bahan baku raw material

Bahan padat jika dilarutkan lama Solid material if dissolved for a

8
– lama akan mencair long time will melt

Tekanan suhu diruang Temperature pressure in the

9
laboratorium sangat panas laboratory room is very hot

Saya melakukan eksperimen

10 I experimented with classmates
bersama teman kelas
 PREPOSITION

1. Preposition In/On/At

Contoh Kalimat

Fungsi Preposition Keterangan Preposition

Digunakan untuk bulan,

tahun, abad, dan periode I started working

In yang panjang. here in 1991.

Digunakan untuk hari dan What are you doing

On tanggal. on Friday?

Digunakan untuk waktu yang There’s a meeting at

Waktu At tepat (khusus/spesifik). 2.30 this afternoon.

Digunakan untuk ruang yang They live in a

In tertutup. charming old cottage.

Digunakan untuk permukaan

secara horizontal atau Look at all the books

On vertikal. on your desk!

Digunakan untuk tempat yang I enjoyed my three

Tempat At spesifik. years at university.

2. At/In/To/Into

▪ At untuk posisi yang tetap, sedangkan In untuk posisi yang

berubah.

Contoh kalimat:

✓ She is at home.

✓ The train is in motion.

▪ In menunjukkan keadaan yang tetap, sedangkan Into

menunjukkan perpindahan.

Contoh kalimat:

✓ There is only one student in the class.

✓ She jumped into the water.

▪ To bisa digunakan untuk menunjukkan petunjuk, tujuan, dan

perbandingan, sedangkan Into menunjukkan perubahan dan

posisi bagian dalam.

Contoh kalimat:

✓ Look to the left! What a beautiful view.

✓ The boy changed into a man.

3. Preposition On/Onto

▪ On bisa digunakan untuk menunjukkan posisi yang tetap

maupun berubah.

Contoh kalimat:

✓ She was sitting on that chair for five minutes.

✓ Snow fell on the hills.

▪ Onto digunakan untuk perubahan level.

Contoh kalimat:

✓ People climbed onto their roofs.

4. Preposition With/By

▪ With menunjukkan alat yang digunakan, sedangkan By

menunjukkan orang yang melakukan kegiatan.

Contoh: This letter was written by Charlie with a pencil.

5. Preposition Since/For/From

▪ Since biasanya digunakan dengan Present Perfect atau Past

Perfect Tense dan hanya digunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu.

Dengan kata lain, kita tidak bisa menunjukkan tempat

menggunakan preposition ‘since’.

Contoh: I had been ill since Monday.

 ▪ For bisa digunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu maupun

tempat.

Contoh:

✓ We walked for miles.

✓ She’s out of the office for a few days next week.

▪ From juga bisa digunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu dan

tempat.

Contoh:

✓ Drinks will be served from seven o’clock.

✓ She took her hairbrush from her handbag and began to

brush her hair.

6. Beside/Besides

▪ Kedua kata ini mempunyai arti yang beda. Beside

menunjukkan posisi, sedangkan Besides digunakan untuk

menambah suatu gagasan. Besides berarti in addition, also,

atau and.

Contoh:

✓ He was sitting beside John.

✓ He has a car besides a motor cycle.

7. Preposition Between/Among

▪ Between biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukkan posisi

diantara dua orang atau benda. Namun bisa juga digunakan

untuk lebih dari dua orang ketika kita mempunyai jumlah

yang pasti dan mempunyai hubungan yang dekat dengan

mereka. Di sisi lain, Among digunakan untuk menunjukkan

posisi diantara lebih dari dua orang atau benda.

Contoh kalimat:

✓ We’ll have to portion the money out between the six of

us.

✓ I saw a few familiar faces among the crowd.

8. Preposition Among/Amongst

▪ Kedua kata ini memiliki makna yang sama. Keduanya bisa

digunakan ketika diikuti oleh ‘the’. Namun jika diikuti oleh

sebuah kata yang diawali oleh huruf vokal, gunakanlah

‘amongst’. Amongst ini biasanya digunakan pada penulisan

sastra.

Contoh kalimat:

✓ They distributed the foods among/amongst the poor.

✓ They distributed the foods amongst us.

 EXPRESSION OF PERMISSION

Expression of Permission

Asking Permission

May I talk with your CEO?

Could I use your phone?

Would you mind if I sit beside you?

Do you mind if I close the door?

Can I ask you to teach me?

Is it okay if I play your piano?

Giving Permission Refusing Permission

Yes, please Unfortunately, you can’t do that

Of course you can Sorry, I think it’s impossible for

No problem you

Please feel free I have to say no for this case

Dialogue example:

Anna : Hi Dad, today is Laura Birthday. Tonight there will be a

party at her house.

Dad : And then?

Anna : May I go to Laura’s Birthday Party?

Dad : At what time you will get home?

Anna : Before 11, I promise.

Dad : Who will pick you up?

Anna : James.

Dad : I have to say no. Unless me who take you there.

Anna : OK dad. I will be ready at 7.

 CONVERSATION AT RESTAURANT

Dialogue 1:

Waiter : May I take your order?

Guess : Yes. I'd like the chicken and a side order of corn.

Waiter : And what would you like to drink?

Guess : I'd like a cup of coffee, please.

Waiter : And what would you like to order?

Guess : I'll take the spaghetti and a salad.

Waiter : What would you like to drink?

Guess : Just water, please.

(after the meal)

Waiter : Would you like something for dessert?

Guess : Yes, I'll have the cake, please.

(after dessert)

Guess : Could we have the check, please?

Waiter : Yes, here it is.

Guess : Hmmm. $23.55. Here you are.

Waiter : Thank you. Come again.

Guess : Thank you. Goodbye.

Dialogue 2:

Waiter : Hello! How are you doing?

Linda : Fine, thank you. Can I see a menu, please?

Waiter : Certainly, here you are.

Linda : Thanks. What’s special today?

Waiter : Spicy grilled chicken with some cheese.

Linda : That sounds good. I’ll have that.

Waiter : Would you like something to drink?

Linda : Yes, I’d like an orange juice.

Waiter : Here you are. Enjoy your meal!

Linda : Thank you.

Waiter : Can I bring you anything else?

Linda : No, thanks. I’d like the bill, please.

Waiter : That’ll be Rp 97,000.00.

Linda : Here you are. Keep the change!

Waiter : Thank you. Have a nice day!

Linda : Thanks, you too. Bye!