Obremok D S

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID CARS

FUEL ECONOMY
Increasing the fuel economy and environmental cleanliness of cars are the main
directions of the development of motor vehicles. Therefore, leading manufacturers
are developing and bringing to the market cars with an electric drive: hybrid cars and
electric cars. Recently, cars with hybrid power plants can be found more often on the
roads of Ukraine, and at international motor shows in Paris, Detroit, Geneva, Tokyo
and other cities of the world, environmentally friendly vehicles are demonstrated:
from hybrid sports supercars to SUVs with an electric drive. But not always the
technical characteristics of these cars can be adequately evaluated by consumers. In
this regard, the real assessment of energy consumption, cost of operation and
equivalent fuel consumption of hybrid cars becomes an urgent task.
Fuel efficiency of motor vehicles is the main indicator of a modern car. Fuel
consumption in different driving modes is a determining factor when buying a car.
Car consumers prefer economical and ecological cars, and based on this, the most
common hybrid cars Toyota Prius and Chevrolet Volt were chosen to model the fuel
efficiency of hybrid cars.
Advanced research on the development and operation of hybrid cars, as well as
on determining their fuel economy, is being conducted at Kharkiv National
Automobile and Highway University. The materials of this study are a logical
continuation of the work carried out at the department of automotive electronics of
the university.
The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of the use of hybrid
cars through a comparative analysis of their fuel economy. The tasks of the research
are the study of the comparative characteristics of a Chevrolet Volt and Toyota Prius
PHV hybrid cars in the electric car mode and in the hybrid mode, the calculation of
the cost of their energy carriers, which are a component of the operating cost of such
cars, as well as the equivalent fuel consumption depending on the daily mileage of
the car in the territory of Ukraine .
 Two of the most widespread and promising hybrid cars were chosen for
comparative analysis: a Toyota Prius PHV and Chevrolet Volt. The Toyota Prius
Plug-in Hybrid (PHV) car is the latest modification of the most popular hybrid car,
the Toyota Prius, which has been mass-produced since 1997. The Chevrolet Volt is
positioned as an electric car with an increased range (E-REV) and differs from the
Toyota Prius in that its internal combustion engine has no mechanical connection
with the driving wheels, but is used only to generate electrical energy for the traction
electric motor and charge the traction storage batteries.
The cost of operating hybrid cars, unlike ordinary cars with a diesel engine,
depends significantly on the daily mileage. World city car mileage statistics show that
80% of passenger cars in Europe drive no more than 40 km per day, and about 50%
drive up to 20 km. For a car, this actually means at least 2 trips, 10-20 km in each
direction, as a rule, in urban driving mode.
Independent fuel economy tests of the Chevrolet Volt and Toyota Prius PHV
hybrids conducted in the United States have shown that the official data on the
economy and electric mileage of these cars do not quite match the actual
measurements. Tests on the comparative economy of Toyota Prius PHV and
Chevrolet Volt cars showed that the Prius PHV in electric vehicle mode consumes
23.2 kWh. to cover 160 km, and the Volt consumes 39.0 kWh for the same distance.
In hybrid mode, the Prius PHV gets 47.2 MPG, while the Chevrolet Volt gets 31.1
MPG. The Toyota Prius PHV can travel 14.6 miles on a single charge of traction
batteries, the Chevrolet Volt - 33.9 miles.
The results of independent testing on the efficiency of hybrid cars Toyota Prius
PHV and Chevrolet Volt are listed in the European system and summarized in the
table. 1.

Table 1. Results of comparative tests on the economy of hybrid cars

Hybrid cars
Test results
Prius PHV Volt
Electricity consumption in electric vehicle 23,2 39,0
 mode, kWh/160 km
Fuel consumption in hybrid mode,
4,98 7,56
l/100 km
Range on one battery charge in electric vehicle
23,49 54,55
mode, km

Thus, the efficiency of hybrid cars is determined by measuring the

consumption of electrical energy, which is used to charge the traction battery, and
fuel consumption in hybrid mode.
To carry out a comparative analysis between the cost of operation of hybrid
cars Toyota Prius PHV and Chevrolet Volt in Ukraine, it is necessary to determine
the nationwide prices for gasoline and electricity. According to statistical data, in
April 2013, the average retail prices of petroleum products in Ukraine increased by
0.7-1.5%, and the average retail price of A-95 gasoline in Ukraine exceeded UAH
11/l (according to the A-95 Consulting Group ) [4].
Let's calculate the cost of energy carriers (electricity and gasoline) for hybrid
cars, taking into account the real economy testing of Toyota Prius PHV and
Chevrolet Volt hybrid cars. The obtained value is equivalently converted into fuel
consumption.
The results of calculating the energy efficiency of Chevrolet Volt and Toyota
Prius PHV hybrid cars in Ukraine for a distance of 10 to 500 km on one battery
charge are shown in Fig. 1
 Figure 1. Graph of dependence of equivalent fuel consumption on daily
mileage of Chevrolet Volt, Toyota Prius PHV hybrid cars in Ukraine

The fuel efficiency of hybrid cars depends on the daily mileage, unlike
traditional cars with internal combustion engines. The results of the calculation of the
equivalent fuel economy of hybrid cars show that on short distances, when the
electric car mode is used, the cost of operating hybrid cars in Ukraine is 7-10 times
lower than in the hybrid mode. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is advisable to
use hybrid cars in urban driving mode with a small average daily mileage on electric
traction.
Literature
1. Борисенко А.О (2016) Експлуатаційні властивості гібридних
автомобілів. Теорія і практика / Т.О. Бажинова, А.О.Борисенко – Х.: 2016. –
104 с.
2. Смирнов О.П. Розрахунок енергоємності тягових акумуляторних
батарей для електричних транспортних засобів / О.П. Смирнов, А.О. Борисенко,
А.В. Марченко // Автомобільний транспорт. – 2019. – № 45. – С. 23-30