 Fossil remains, discovered in Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa

S/ Name Dated Location Discovered Year

N

1 Chororapithecus 10 Mill. yrs Bp Anchar,W. Hararghe 2007

2 Ardipithicus ramidus 5.8-5.2 Mill.yrs Bp -Kadabba, M.Awash -

4.2 Mill.yrs Bp -Aramis, Afar 1994

3 Australopithecines 3.6 Mill.yrs Bp Belohdelie, M.Awash -

4 Afarensis/Selam 3.3 Mill.yrs Bp Dikika,Mille,Afar ,A team by 2000

Donald Johanson(USA)

5 Afarnesis/Lucy/Dinkinesh 3.18 Mill.yrs Bp Hadar,Afar 1974 A.D

6 Anamensis Ar.3.8&4.2 Mill.yrs Pliocen strata,kanapoi 1965

Bp W.L.Turkana ,By Bryan
Patterson&William W.(Harverd
University Team)

7 Garhi 2.5 Mill.yrs Bp Bouri, M.Awash B/n 1996-99

 Genus Homo

S/ Name Dated Made tools Sites Dis.year

N

1 Homo Habilis 1.9 Mil.yrs Bp Oldowan -Lower omo basin(Ethiopia) -

-Olduvia Garge(Tanzania)

-Sterkfontein(South Africa)

-L.Turkana(Kenya)

2 Homo Erectus 1.6Mil.yrs Bp Acheulean -Melka kunture

-Konso Gardula

-Gedab

-Indonesia

-Germany

1
 -China

3 Homo Sapiens Sangoons

I Archaic H.sapiens 400,000 yrs Bp Bodo, M. Awash

II Modern H.sapiens 100,000 yrs Bp Porc Epic (near Dire 1967

Dawa)&Kibish(Around L.omo
basin

a 195,000 yrs Bp - Kibish (Around L.omo basin) 2004

re-dated

b 160,000 yrs Bp M.Awash 1997

 Stone tools
 By taking their features, ways and period of production, stone tools can be grouped in to

2-Mode I(Olduwan)

-Mode II(Acheulean)
-Mode III(Sangoon)

S Name Dated Made&Use Character The ways produced Sites Disc.Yr

/ d By istics by
N

1 Mode I(Olduwan) 2.52 H.Habilis Crude & Direct percussion Shungura 1992
mil.yrs Bp mono (near
facial Gona),Afar

2 ModeII(Acheulea) 1.7 mill.yrs H.Erectus Bifacial Indirect percussion & Kella, 1963
Bp pointed Hand-ax or hammar M.Awash
&convex

3 ModeIII(Sangoon) 200,000 H.Sapiens Flexible & Obsidian -Gademotta, -

yrs Bp Finest CERV

-Gorgora

-Kione &

-Yabello

-Midhidhishi
& Gudgud

2
 (Somalia)

Examples of the above types of stone tools have been found in Ethiopia and the Horn.

Fossilized animal bones (3. 4 million years B. P.) were found with stone-tool-inflicted marks on them
(the oldest evidence of stone tool in the world) at Dikika in 2010.3

 Indigenous Religions
S/ People God R.Leaders Spirits Rituals/Rite Ritual
N house

1 Oromo Waaqa Qallu&litti Atete/Ayyana Irrecha Galma

-Abdar(soil fertility)

-Awayi/Tiyyana(sanctity)

-Balas(victory)

-Chato/Dora(wild animals
defender)

-Gijare/Nabi(father&mother's)

-Jaricha(peace)

-Qasa(anti-disease)

2 Hadiya Waa Itto &Albaja -Jara(male's protector)

-Idota(female's guard)

-Hausula

-Qedane

-Warriqa

3 Wolayta Tosa Sharechuwa Ayyana Becha

-Tawa-Awa/moytiliya(father's)

-Sawuna(justice)

-Wambo(rain)

-Micho(goat)

3
S/ People God R.Leaders Spirits Rituals/Rite Ritual
N house

-Nago(sheep)

-Kuchuruwa(emergency)

-Gomashera(war)

-Talahiya(beta
talaye/talheya,omo)

4 Keficho Yero Dugo Eqo

-Kollo(Harvest)

-Showe-kollo(Earth)

-Dude baro(Area)

Local spirits

-Damochechi of channa

-Yaferochi of sharada

-Wagidochi of adio

-Gepetato/king of hill

5 Gedeo Mageno Deraro

6 Boro-Shin Iqa -Gure shuka (of

their locality)

-Shode
De'ana(unexpe
cted disease)

-Marrowa
Shuka
(children,wealt
h,good
r/ship,producti
vities)

7 Kambata Negita(Aricho Magnancho

4
S/ People God R.Leaders Spirits Rituals/Rite Ritual
N house

magano)

8 Konso Waqa

9 Agaw Diban

10 Gurage Waq/Goita

11 Yem Ha'o

12 Konta Docho

13 Nuer Kouth Nhial WiW (of war)

Prepared by: Ibsaa Aadamee Waaree

MATTU UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT