L

ENDOCRINE DISORDER

Note: PTH transfers calcium BONES --> BLOOD;

PTH is inversely related to Calcitonin

Note: Thyroid gland secretes T3, T4, Calcitonin

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM (Increased PTH)
 Hypercalcemia
HYPERTHYROIDISM (Increased T3&T4)  Hypophosphatemia
 Grave's disease (hyperthyroid, exopthal,  Calcitonin
dermopathy)  ↓Neuromuscular Excitability: Hypoactive
 Exophthalmos  Pathologic fracture
 Seizure d/t hyperactivity  Exercise is still important!
 PTU and Methimazole (GI Irritant)  Cardiac Dysrythmias
WOF: Agranulocytosis  Polyuria
 Strong Solution of Potassium Iodide/Lugol’s  Supersaturation: Renal calculi
solution
 Thyroidectomy
WOF: Thyroid Storm HYPOPARATHYROIDISM (Decreased PTH)
(Hyperthyroidism d/t leakage & Hyperpyrexia)  Hypocalcemia

WOF: Hypocalcemia  Calcium Gluconate

(accidentally removal of parathyroid gland)  Hyperphosphatemia

 Aluminum Hydroxide: Phosphate binder
WOF: Laryngeal Nerve Damage
(taken c meals)
WOF: Bleeding
 ↑Neuromuscular Excitability: Hyperactive
1. Tetany: Chvostek & Trousseau
HYPOTHYROIDISM (Decreased T3&T4)
T: BP cuff +20 SBP, 3-5
 Hashimoto Thyroiditis (autoimmune)
minutes
 Cretinism: Congenital defect of thyroid
2. Laryngospasm: Tracheostomy set
 Severe: Myxedema Coma
3. Diarrhea
 Levothyroxine for T4 (Morning & empty stomach)
4. Seizure
 Sa thyroid hormone may FOREVER!
 Cardiac Dysrythmias
 Liothyronine (Cytomel) for T3 replacement
 Decreased BP

Note:
Calcium is inversely related to Phosphorus
Calcium is inversely related to Neuromuscular Excitability

APG
ENDOCRINE DISORDER

ADRENAL CORTEX: SSS/GMA

ADRENAL MEDULLA
1. Cushing Syndrome (↑GMA) /SNS/Catecholamine (EPI&NOREPI)
 ↑↑Na ↓K
 Moon-faced 1. Pheochromocytoma
 Immunosuppress d/t ↑cortisol  Benign tumor
 Skin bruising  ↑EPI ↑NOREPI
 Thin extremities  HYPERTENSION
 Central/Truncal obesity  HPD: Headache, Palpitation, Diaphoresis
 Pitting edema  Hypertensive crisis
 Bone weakness  DOC: Phentolamine KCL & Anti-HTN drugs
 F: Hirsutism, Virtilization, Amenorrhea
 M: Gynecomastia
 AVOID STRESS!

2, Addisson’s Disease (↓GMA)

 Addisonian crisis
 Bronze skin/Brown tan
 LIFETIME Corticosteroids
 Immunosuppress d/t corticosteroids
 AVOID STRESS!

APG
ENDOCRINE DISORDER Note: Normal USG: 1.010 - 1.025

POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND PANCREAS

Note: ADH = Vasopressin

1. TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
1. SIADH Juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes
 Increased ADH  Thin

DOC: Declomycin  Pancreatic islet B cell destruction

 Autoimmune
 Increased body weight (Monitor WT)
 DKA/Metabolic Ketoacidosis
 FVE: Dilutional hyponatremia
 MGT: DIE
Do not increased Na
 Diet: (all; complex sugar)
 Cellular edema --> Cerebral Edema
 Insulin
 Fluid Restriction  Exercise (moderate 3x/week)
 Oliguria: ↑urine specific gravity (concentrated) EAT FIRST BEFORE EXERCISING!
DOC: Diuretics
Thiazide diuretics *increased FV 2. TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Adult onset
2. DIABETES INSIPIDUS  Insulin resistant
 Dami ihi, inom  Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Non-
 Diluted ihi (d/t low USG; Polyuria) ketotic Syndrome
 Decreased ADH  MGT: DIE + OHA
 Vasopressin  IVNSS + Regular Insulin (IV)
 Decreased BW (Monitor WT)
Thiazide diuretics
Note: Benedict’s Reagent Test - Benedict's Test is used
to test for simple carbohydrates. The Benedict's
Note: Body weight is the best indicator for fluid retention!
test identifies reducing sugars.
1kg : 1L
NONE TRACES

ROUTE: SUBQ MODE RATE LARGE

Upper arm
Abdomen
Gluteal Muscle
Thigh
ECG

P-WAVE (Atrial Activity/Contraction)

R-WAVE (Atrial Relaxation)

QRS Complex (Ventricular Activity/Contraction)

T-WAVE (Ventricular Relaxation)