Lesson two

UNIT ONE

Negative )‫(النفي‬

(I/ you /we /they ‫( بالنسبة للضمائر‬don't (‫نستعمل للنف ف المضارع البسيط‬
: ‫( عىل الشكل التال‬He /She / it ) ‫( بالنسبة للضمائر‬doesn't ( ‫) نستعمل‬

Subject + Do /Does + Not + Base verb

‫الجدول التال يوضح استعمال النف مع الضمائر ف الجملة‬

Auxiliary
Subject Base verb
verb ‫التكملة‬
‫الضمير‬ ‫الفعل االساسي‬
‫الفعل المساعد‬
I/ you /we Do not Like Coffee
/they
He /She / it Does not Like Coffee

EX:

Affirmative Negative

I am Iraqi. I am not ('m not) Iraqi.

He is an engineer. He is not (isn't) an engineer.
You are a hard worker. You are not (aren't) a hard worker.
I speak Arabic. I do not (don't) speak Arabic.
We usually make experiments We usually don't make
experiments.
They work in a company. They don't work in a company.
He does all the work by himself. He doesn't do all the work by
himself.
She has two brothers. She doesn't have two brothers.
-INTERROGATION- ‫االستفهام‬
‫( يتم وضعه ف‬verb to be ) ‫ اذا كانت الجملة تحتوي عىل‬: ‫االستفهام ف زمن المضارع البسيط‬
‫( عىل‬do /does ) ‫ أما اذا كان بالجملة فعل يتم وضع‬، ‫بداية الجملة ويتبعه الفاعل بعد ذلك‬
. ‫حسب الفاعل ف بداية الجملة ثم نضع عالمة االستفهام ف اخر الجملة‬
EX:
Affirmative Interrogative
I am clever. Am I clever?
He buys a new computer every Does he buy a new computer every
month. month?
I do my job well. Do I do my job well ?
They are foreigners. Are they foreigners?
I speak good English. Do I speak good English ?
He is a teacher Is he a teacher

CARDINAL NUMBERS ‫االرقام العددية‬

1one 11 eleven 21 twenty-one

2 two 12 twelve 22 twenty –two,
3 three 13 thirteen etc.
4 four 14 fourteen 15 30thirty
5 five fifteen 16 sixteen 40 forty
6 six 17seventeen 50 fifty
7 seven 18eighteen 60 sixty
8 eight 19 nineteen 70 seventy
9 nine 20twenty 80 eighty
10 ten 90 ninety
100a hundred /one
hundred

Note: O=naught or zero. In telephone numbers, we say it like the

letter ''O''. In football we say nil .In tennis we say love .
‫ ) وخاصة في أرقام‬Zero …naught …oh () o) ‫ يمكن القول على الرقم‬: ‫مالحظة‬
. (love ) ‫( وفي لعبة التنس‬nil ) ‫ أما في لعبة كرة القدم نقول‬. ‫التلفون‬

0723012…… ‫رقم التلفون‬

Zero seven two three one ……….
Football ….nil
1-0 ‫( تكتب‬one – nil )

101 a hundred and one

200 two hundred (hundred does not have a plural s)
999 nine hundred and ninety nine
1,000 a thousand /one thousand
1,001 a thousand and one
2,250 two thousand , two hundred and fifty (thousand has no plural s)
999,999 nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand ,nine hundred and
ninety -nine
1,000,000 a million /one million
5,000,000 a five million (million does not have a plural s)

999: ‫نقوم بتفصيل هذا الرقم بالشكل االتي‬

( 9 nine … 90 ninety 900 ….nine hundred )

) ‫( أحاد – عشرات – مئات‬

AFFIXES ‫االضافات‬
Affixes are linguistic elements added to words to produce
inflected or derived forms; they are divided into prefixes and
suffixes.
‫و تقسم الى‬. ‫االضافات هي عناصر لغوية مضافة الى الكلمات لتعطي معنى اخر للكلمة‬
‫ ( أو في نهاية الكلمة‬Prefixes( ‫قسمين تكون أما في بداية الكلمة‬
. ) Suffixes)
Prefixes
come ( or are added ) at the beginning of a word to change into
another but related meaning or function and they serve different
purposes e.g., de-, dis-, en- , il- , im- , in- , ir- , mis- , re- , un- …etc

‫(تكون االضافة في بداية الكلمة لتغيير معنى أخر للكلمة وفي بعض االحيان تتحول من‬
. ) ‫اسم الى فعل او الى صفة‬

The original word The purpose The new word

appear treat disappear mistreat )opposite (

legal illegal impatient )opposite (
patient immature )opposite (
mature activate deactivate unusual )opposite (
usual irresponsible )opposite (
responsible rewrite enable )opposite (
write enlarge )opposite (
able )opposite (
large )repetition(
) adj - verb(
verb – adj(