Chapter 4 Cell Membrane

&
Transport
Outline of Chapter 4
1. Fluid Mosaic Membranes
2. Movement Into & Out of Cells
3. Cell signalling
4.1 Fluid Mosaic Membranes
1. Model of Fluid Mosaic Membrane
• Membrane that is found in the
cell.
• The fluid mosaic model describes
the cell membrane as a tapestry
of several types of molecules
that are constantly moving.
• Example: phospholipids,
cholesterols, and proteins.
• Structure of membrane: The
membrane consists of a lipid
bilayer that is
semipermeable. The lipid bilayer
is known as phospholipid .
 Phospholipid
• Structure(Two Distinct Parts):
Polar head and two non-polar tails.
• Head is phosphate head which is
polar, so that it is soluble in
water.(Hydrophilic)
• Tails are fatty acid which is non-
polar , so that it is insoluble in
water. (Hydrophobic)
• The layer of phospholipid that
spread through the water is
known as phospholipid monolayer .
• When Phospholipid mix with • Phospholipid bilayer is the basic
water would form Spheres , structure of the cell. Besides
which is known as micelles. that, it is two-layer structure
which looks like a sheet.
 • Example
1. Lysosome which is found in
animal cells
Lysosome contain many hydrolytic
enzyme which are used to break
Phospholipid bilayer down many different types of
biomolecules .
• Phospholipid bilayer can form
compartment, which is
establishing each cell.
• Phospholipid bilayer is allowing
for specialisation of process
within the cell.
Structure of a Membrane
• Protein can be either integral(intrinsic)
or peripheral(extrinsic).
• Intrinsic protein is can be determine
by hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
• Extrinsic protein is found at the
inner/outer of the membrane.
• The reason of cell membrane would be
described as mosaic is because the
scattered pattern produced by the
protein within the phospholipid
bilayer.
 Glycoprotein & Glycolipid
• Glycolipid refers to lipids with a carbohydrate attached by a
glycosidic (covalent) bond while glycoprotein refers to any of a class
of proteins which have carbohydrate groups attached to the
polypeptide chain .
 Cholesterols
• Cholesterol is a type of lipid found in
the cell membrane, and it is also
used to synthesise sex hormones. It
is important for our health to keep
cholesterol in the bloodstream at
appropriate levels. Too much
cholesterol in the blood can cause
health conditions like CVD.
 Cell Signalling
• Cell signaling pathways coordinate the
activities of cells, even if they are
large distances apart within the
organism.
• Cell surface membranes are therefore
very important in signalling pathways
as the membrane controls which
molecules (including cell signalling
molecules) can move between the
internal and external environments of
the cell.
• Signalling molecules are often called ligands, which Ligands are
secreted from a cell (the sending cell) into the extracellular spaces
to the target cell. Then target cell will respond to the ligands.