Phép chia TL. Céng thite ting quat: thuong = FF a : b . c ss S 86 bj chia a) sé chia CY ‘thuong Pheép chia con di. a: 86 bi chia = © (dur) séchia —thuong —s6 dur Hoge chiing tac6 tha vide: bre + © Chit yi: Sé due phai bé hon sé chia. IL. Cong thite: 1, Chia cho I: Bat ki m@t s6 chia cho 1 van bang chinh nd, cTT@: a:l=a Céng thire todn Phép cong I. Céng thire tng quit: tong a + bse Qe sbhang Shang tong Tinh chat: 1. Tinh chit giao hodn: Két Iugin: Khi di ché cde s6 hang trong mot tong thi tng khong thay d6i TT at =bta Phép nhan 1. Céng thire tong quat tich ax b-e.e Ww thira $6, tich . giao hodn: Kt luan: Khi d6i ché ede thira sé trong mét tich ich khong thay déi axb=bxa 2. Tinh chit kéthop: Két lun: Muon nhan tich hai s6 v6i s6 thir ba, ta ¢6 thé nhin sé thir nhat vai tich hai sO con kai, cITQ: (axb)xe-ax(bxe) Phép trir 1. Cong thiée tng quat: higu a - bw e = nan ~~ sébiui suit nigu IL. Tinh chat: 1 Trivedi 0: . . Két lugin: Bat ki mgt sé trir di 0 vai cTTQ: a-0= a 2. Trie di chink n Két lun: Mét sé trir di chinh nd 2 Tinh chat két hop: Két ludn: Khi ong tng hai 6 thé cng s6 thir nhat v6 cro: (a+b)+e=a4(b to) 3. Tinh chétt : Cong vii ' Két lug: Khi triz mot si 4. Trie di mot hig: Ly s6 do trr di sé bi wirTinh ch4t chia hét 1, Chia hét cho 2: C: 6 tan cung la 0, 2, 4, 6,8 (1a céc sé chan) thi chia hét cho 2. VD: 312;54768: 2, Chia hét cho 3: Cac sé cé téng cdc chit s6 chia hét cho 3 thi chia hét cho 3. VD: Cho sé 4572 Tacé 44+ 5+7+2=18;18:3=6 Nén 4572 : 3 = 1524 3, Chia hét cho 4: Cac sé ¢6 hai chit sé tan cung chia hét cho 4 thi chia hét cho 4. VD: Cho sé: 4572 Tacé 72:4- 18 Nén 4572 :4= 1143 4, chia hét cho 5: Cac sé cd t@n cung la 0 hoge 5 thi chia hét cho 5. VD: 5470; 7635 6 chin vir c6 tong cae chit sb chia hét cho 3 VD: Cho s6 1356 Tac6 143+5+6=15; 15:3=5 Nén 1356: 3-452 6, Chia hét cho 10 (Nghia 1a chia hét cho 2 va 5): Cac s6 tran chuye ( cé hang don vi bing 0) thi chia hét cho 10. VD: 130; 2790 7, Chia hét cho 11: Xét tong cic chit sé & hing chan bing tong cdc chit sb 6 hang lé thi s6 a6 chia hét cho 11. VD: Cho s6 48279 Tacé 4+2+9= 8+7=15 ‘Nén 48279 : 11 = 4389 8, Chia hét cho 15 (Nghia li chia hét cho 3 vi5): Cac s6 ed chit-sé hang don vj 1a 0 ( hoge 5) va tong cdc chit sé chia hét cho 3 thi chia hét cho 15. VD: Cho s6 5820 Tacd 5+84+2+0= 15; 15:3=5 Nen 9820: 15 = 388 9, Chia hét cho 36 (Nghia la hét cho 4 va 9): Cac s6 6 hai téng. VD: Cho sé: 45720 Tacé 20:4-Svi (44+54+7+2+0)=18 18:9=2 Nén 45720: 36 = 1270Toan Trung binh cong Muén tim trang binh efng ( TBC) ctia nhieu so, ta tinh tong cia cic s6 dé roi chia tong d6 cho sb cae $5 ‘ans. CTTQ: —- TBC= ting cic 6 : sé cée sé hang 2, Tim tong cde. Hy TBC nh sé cdc sé hang CTTQ: Ting cae so = TBC x sé cic 96 hang Tim hai s6 khi biét tong va hiéu cia hai sé d6 So dé: q 86.0, <-—-—________4 I Higu sue — Tne cut cia TimsSlin = (Téng + higu) : 2 Tim sbbé = (ting = Timsdlin = shbé + higu TimsSb6 = sblén - hifu hofe sSbE= tng shin Tim hai sé khi biét téng va ti sé cia hai sé a6 Buse 1: Tim téng sé phan bang nhau — Lay s6 phan sd lon + sé phan sé be Bude 2: Tim sé bé = Lay téng : tong sé phdn bang nhau x s6 phiin sé bé Bude 3: Tim sé lén = Hy téng — 36 bé Tim hai sé khi biét hiéu va ti sé cita hai sé dé So ab: S6 len: S6é be = Bude 1: Tim higu sé phin bing nhau = Lay sé phin sé lon - sé phin sé bé Bude 2: Tim sé bé = Lay higu higusé phan bing nhau x Bude 3: Tim sé 1én, lay higu + sé be sé phiin sé bé‘Toan ti lg thuan 1.Khai nigm: Hai dai long ti 16 thuan khi dai Ivong nay ting (hode gidim ) lan thi dai lugng kia eang tang (hoje gidm ) di bay nhiéu Lin, 2 gid :90 km 4 gio :... km? Céch 1; Céch2; ‘Trong mét gid 6 t6 di durge 1a: 4 gid in 2 wos Han 1a: 90 :2=45 (km )(*) (lan) *), ‘Trong 4 gid 6 13 di duge li: Tron gigs 3 t0.di derge ts 45x 180 (km ) 90x 180 (km) Bap s6: 180 km. Bap sé: 180 km () Buse nay 1a bude “ nit vé don vi" (7) Buse niy 1a bude “tim ti sé Toan ti lé nghjch 1.Khéi nigm: Hai dai hrgng ti I nghich khi dai hrong niy tang (hoge gidm ) bao nhiéu lan thi dai Iuong kia /ai gidm (hode tng ) bay nhiéu Kin. 2. Bai ton méu: Mudn dip xong nén nha trong hai ngay, cdn c6 12 ngudi, Hoi mudn dip xong nén nha 46 trong 4 ngiy thi can e6 bao nhigu ngursi? ( Mite lam ciia méi ngudi nhur nhau) Tom tat: 2ngay © 12 ngudi 4ngiy : .... ngudi? Bai giai Céch 1: Mun dip xong nén nha trong 1 ngiy, cin s6 ngudi la: 12. x 2 = 24(ngudi)(*) Mudn dap xong nén nha trong 4 ngay, cin s6 ngubi la: 24 : 4 = 6 (ngudi) Dap s6: 6 ngudi (*) Buse nay 18 bude“ rit vé don vi" 3 2 (lan) (**) i Muén dap xong nén nha trong 4 ngay, cin sé ngudi Li: 12 : 2 = 6( ngudi) ‘Dap s6: 6 nguoi (**) Buée nay la bude “ tim ti so”‘Tim phan sé cia mot sé KL: mudn tim phan sé chia mor sé, ta ly 56 a6 han voi phan $6 -da cho. wide GB ocuaa A x FE 36 cam trong, erro, VD: Trong 16 66 12 qua cam. Hoi 2 wily $6 cam trong 6 8 cauay ‘Tim mt sé biée gia tri phan sé cia sé a6 KL: Mudn tim mges6 khi bid mae gia er phan sé cua sé a6, fa lay gid tri do chia cho phan so. CTTQ: Giver con A = gis ert cia phan sé: & WP: Cho 2 i com trang ream 18 8 qu HOH oar A o6 no his gu? Gini Sheamtongebia: a: 2 = a2 ¢qua 2 cauay Ti s6 phan tram , pan ain nat sé aim nher sau: ‘Tim thiromg cia hai 6 dé didi dang $6 thép phan, Nhan thuong d6 véi 100 va viét them ki higu phan tram (%) vae bén phai tich tim Me Cerra: a: b= TOTP) = STP x 100(%) Giai vp: Ti sé phn tram ctia 315 va 600 1a: a - . 315": G00 ~ 0,525 = 52.5% ‘Tim ti sé phn aim cia 315 va 600 bs. anaes + ta liy s6 dé chia cho 100 ri nhan vi sé phiin tram heie lay s6 dé nhin v6i s6 phan tram ri chia cho 100. CTTO: Git tri % = SOA: 100 x $6 % hose Gia th % = SA x sb % 100 Giai VD: Trudng Dai Tir c6 600 hoe sinh. Sé hoe sini chiém 45% sé. 86 hoe sinh trudng dé la: Sink (oan trutmg. Tinh 96 hoc sinh nf cia > 600°: "TOO" 45°—'270 Choe sinh > crung. DS: 270 hoe sinh 2etjm mot s6-bidt si tri phn trim sua s6-dé: VD: Tim mot s6 biét 30% ctia né bang 72. tay gid tr phan wim cua 0 do chia cho sO phan me ‘Giai tram ri nhan véi 100 hode ta ly gid tei phan Gis tri cha 56 dd 186 d6 nhin véi 100 ri chia cho s6. phan wam, 72: 30 x 100.= 240 DS: 240 S6A—Gid te % + sé phaneram < 100 S6A-Gid tri % x 100 : 36 phan timHinh binh hanh 1.Tinh chat: Hinh binh hinh cé hai cap a canh déi dién song song va bing nhau » Ki higu: Day laa, chiéu cao li h 2.Tinh chu vi: Chu vi hinh binh hanh la tong d6 dai ciia 4 canh 3.Tinh dién tich: Mu6n tinh dién tich hinh binh hanh, ta iy 46 dai day nhan véi chiéu cao ( cing don vi do) =axh © Muén fim dé dai ddy, ta lay dién tich chia cho chidu cao. a=S:b © Muon fim chiéu r6ng, ta lay dién tich chia cho chiéu dai. b=S:a Hinh thoi cé hai cp canh déi dién song song va bén canh bang nhau Hinh thoi cé hai dung chéo vudng géc véi nhau va cat nhau tai trung diém cia méi dudng. Kihiéu hai dudng chéo la m va n 4 2.Tinh chu vi: Muén tinh chu vi hinh thoi, ta Ne lay s6 do mét canh nhan véi 4. 3.Tinh dign tich: Dién tich hinh thoi bang tich ciia dé dai hai durong chéo chia cho 2 ( cing don vi do). mxn 2Hinh tam gide {Tinh chit: Hinh tam gif ob ba canh, Bebe, 3dinh - Chiéu cao Hi doan thing ha tir dinh vudng g6c voi can di dign, Kihigu déy ia, chieu cao lah ¢ b 2.Tinh chu vi: Chu vi hinh tam giée la tong d6 dai ciia 3 canb. Peatbte 4.Tinh din teh: Magn tnh dgntchhinh tam ei tay dai iy nin v6iciéucao (cing | $= ®¥ B 2 dion vj do) ri chia cho 2 ~ Tinh eanh day: Ta ly dign tich nhiin voi2tdi | a= §x2sh chia cho chigu cao. : = Tinh chiéu cao: Ta liy dign tich nhin vi 2r6i | h= $x 2: a chia cho canh day,Hinh tron 1.Tinh chat: Hinh tron cé tat ci cdc ban kinh bing nhau, + During bao quanh hinh tron goi la duving tron, = Digm chinh giita hink trdn la tim, ki higa la O r = Doan thing ndi tim véi mot diém trén dudng tron goi Liban kinh. Ki higu li r = Doan thing di qua tm vi néi hai diém eita durimg tron goi li dung kinh, Ki higu ld Durdng kinh gdp hai lan ban kinh. d=2xr 2.Tinh chu vi Muon tinh chu vi hinh tron ta lay dung kinh nin véi 96 3,14, C= dx 314 Hoje ta lay ban kinh nhin 2 rdi nhin véi so 3,14. C=rx2 x34 = Tinh durong kin: ta lay chu vi chia cho s6 3,14 d= C: 34 - Tinh bin kinh: ta lay chu vi chia cho 2 r0i chia cho s0 3,14 r= C:2: 3]4 (Tinhranhip: r=C : 6,28) 3.Tinh dig tee Muon tiah dign tich hin tron ta Kay ban kinh hin véi bin kin S=rxrx 34 ign tich, mudn tim bén kinh, ta lam nhur sau: tich chia cho 6 3,14 détim tich ota hai ban kinh 16i tim xem s6 no dé nhin véi chinh né bing tich dé thi day la ban kinh hinh tron. Vb: Git Cho dign tich mt hinh tron bing 28,26 em? Tow ae Tim ban kinh hinh tron d6. C> Vi9 = 3 x 3 nénbdn kinh hinh tron li 3emHinh hop chir nhat 1:Tinh chit: Hinh hp chit nhit 6 6 mgt, Hai mat day vi bn mat bén, = C68 dinh, 12 canh = Cé ba kichthue: b chigu dai (a), chigurg(b), chigu cao(e). 2.Tinh digo tich vung quanh: Mudn tinh dign tieh xung quanh hinh hp chit nhit ta liv chn vi dav nhin véi chiéu cao ( cling mot don vi do ). Sug = P(diy) x ¢ =(at+b)x2x ¢ ~ Muon tim chu vi dy, ta ly dign tich xung quanh chia cho chigu cao, P(diy) = Sxq: ¢ - Muon tim chiéu cao, ta lay dign tich xung quanh chia cho chu vi day ¢ = Sxq: P(diy) ~ Muon tim tong hai dy, ta liy din tich xung quanh chia cho 216i chia cho chiéu cao. (atb)=Sxg:2:h ~ Mun tim chiéu di, ta lay dim tich xung quanh chia cho 2, chia cho chigu cao réitrir di chigu rong, a = Sq: 2ie-b ~ Mudn tim chiéu rng, ta liy digmtich xung quanh chia cho 2, chia cho chigu cao ti trit di chigu dai, b = Sxg: 2ie-aHinh lip phwong 1L.Tinh chat: Hinh lip phuong cb 6 mit li cic hinh yvudng bing ahau, = 068 din, 12 canh dai bing nhau. a Ki higu canh Ii a a 2.Tinh din tich xung quan; Muén tinh dign tich xung quanh hinh kip phyrong ta lay diga tich mot mit nhdn véi 4 Sxq = S(L mit) x 4 3:Tinh dign tich todn phin; Muon tinh dign tich ton phan hinh lap phuong ta lay dign tich mot mat nbn véi 6. Stp = Smit) x 6 Muén tim dign tich mt mit ta liydiga tich xung quanh chia cho 4 hoic ign tich toan phan chia cho 6. S(I mt) = Siq: 4 = Stp 26 = Mudn tim 1 can hink lip phacomg,tatim xem mit sb nio 46 ain v6ichinh né hing din tich mt mit, thi dé la canh. Giti = VD: Cho dig tich mt mgt 25 m2, Tim canh » Tech 2545 x 5 cia hi Kp phuog d6 vay can inh kp phuong la Sm 4.Tinh thé tich hinh Ip phwong: ta liy canh hin v6i canh roi nbn véi canh, Veaxvaxa Mudn tim I can hink lip plucong, ta tim xem mt sO ndo dd nhiin v4i chinh né roi nha tigp vi nb bing thé tich, thi dé li can. Gia VD: Cho thé tich 14 125 nf, Tim canh cia hinh . lip phurong 6. Tad 25= 50545; vay camh hinh lip phuong li SmTodn chuyén dong 1. Ch mgt pin tichuyén dng 2.Ciing wut phi di cng chu dé gip ahau: 1, Van tbe: Main tn vn tli ung 4, Tim hieu vgn toe cia hai chuyen dng: 4 i (We v)= sit suing ha “a "a , Tim quéing dieing cia hai chuyen dng: 2, Quing ding Main th qin dng a= (isd) at “ we vith . play ¢ Tim ial cla tai on a Seyxt : =si (ew) 3. Thoi gian: Mun tinh thi ian ta iy quing TI, Chuyén ng dui nie ddudng chia cho van toc —— testy 1, Chuyén ding aiding: a. Timvan toc xudi dong: vaui = vehuyen + vowie = ss IL Chai phn tircing chuyén déng b. — Timquing dung: L.Cing suit phit di ngwye chigu dé gip nha: $= (vthuyén + voude)x t be c.— Tim thii giant a, Tim tong van toc cua hai chuyen dong: ‘ a ; (lt w)= st t= ss (vhuyén + vue) , Tim quing dieing cia hai chuyen dng: 2 Chuyen ding ngnte ding: se (we) xt Tim vintoc nguoe ding . Vague = vthuyén = vnuie = $ :t c, Tim thoi gian cua hai chuyen dong: wage = luyen = Va ‘ tes: (vit v2) b. Timquing dung $= (vthuyen + vowde) xt . Tim thai giant t=s: (vthuyén = vinutie)