Introducing

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

 Ecology
Is the branch of Biology that
studies the interrelationships of
organisms with their environment.

oikos home

logos study

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

 Ecosystem
includes all abiotic and biotic factors in
one particular environment

Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors

the living parts of the nonliving parts
an ecosystem of an ecosystem

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

 Bio
Biotic Factors
Producers or autotrophs- those
that can produce their own food.
Example: Plants

Consumers or heterotrophs- those

that consume autotrophs or eat
other heterotrophs.
Example: Animals/Insects

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

 Examples of Biotic
Factors

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

 Consumers- are type of organism that
feeds from the producers and/or another
consumer.

1. Herbivores- are kind of consumer that

eats only the producers.
2. Carnivores- are types of organisms
known as the “meat eaters”.
3. Omnivores- consumers whose primary
food source are the plants and other
animals.

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

 Decomposers- Consumers that obtains
their nourishment by feeding on dead
plants and animals.

1. Scavengers- primary source of food

are the bodies of animals.
2. Detritivores- eat the bodies that are
already decaying.
3. Saprotrophs- feed themselves by
absorbing nutrients from the decaying
organisms thereby speeding the
decomposition process.
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
 A
Abiotic Factors

Are nonliving factors may be energy

and materials that living things need
in order to live. It includes soil,
water, air and sunlight.

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

Examples of Abiotic
Factors

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

 ACTIVITY: Identify the biotic and the abiotic
factors of the ecosystem.

Oxygen Soil Insect Fungi

Rock Wind Human Tree
Sun Hydrogen Moth
Precipitation Algae Fire
Water Snow Bacteria Grass
Amoeba Rabbit

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

 Ecological Relationships
It pertains to the interaction between or
among two different species of organisms.

Predation is when one organism benefits

from killing another organism.
predator- the organism that harm.
prey- the organism being harmed.
(eaten)

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

 Competition is when two organisms are
trying to get the same resources, whether
it's food, water, or sunlight.
Intraspecific- competition within the same
organisms.
Interspecific- competition among two
different organisms.

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

 Mutualism: is often referred to as the
“perfect relationships” wherein both
organisms benefit from each other.

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

 Commensalism: One organism
benefits while the other is
unaffected.

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

 Parasitism: One organism benefits
(parasite), while the other is harmed
(host).
Ectoparasite- found outside the body of
the host.
Endoparasite- found inside the body of
the host.

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX

 Based on the table; create pairs of organisms in
a rice field community that exhibit interactions
then, identify their ecological relationship.

Snake Tree Orchid Rat Mosquito

Carabao Sparrow Farmer Weeds Rice
plant
Competition Predation Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism

© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX