Table 1.

Profile Distribution of the Respondents

N = 60

Table 1. Profile Distribution of the Respondents

N = 120
Profile Frequency (f) Percentage (%)
Sex
Female 50 83.3%
Male 10 16.7%
Age
17-22 years old 56 93.3%
23-28 years old 3 5.0%
35 years old and above 1 1.7%
Latest GPA
1.50-1.75 39 65.0%
1.00-1.25 13 21.7%
2.00-2.25 4 6.7%
2.50-2.75 3 5.0%
3.00 and above 1 1.7%

Based on the results given at the table, we can see that most of the respondents
are female and most of them are at the age ranging from 17-22 with almost all of them
having a GPA at above 2.00. This just means that most of the sample population are a
female student with a great academic performance.

According to the study of Faisal, Shinwari, and Hussain (February 2017), it

shows that female undergraduate students were found to outperform most of the male
undergraduates in terms of their GPA. This can show that females are doing better
compared to males during undergraduate period.

https://jpma.org.pk/article-details/8078#:~:text=The%20results%20of%20the
%20study,was%20much%20better%20than%20males.

N=60
Descriptive
N Mean Sum SD
Component 1 60 1.350 81 0.709
Component 2 60 0.200 12 0.755
Component 3 60 1.883 113 1.519
Component 4 60 0.883 53 1.136
Component 5 60 1.500 90 0.597
Component 6 60 0.250 15 0.704
Component 7 60 1.717 103 0.940
 Table 3. Total
Descriptives
N Mean Mode Sum SD
Sleep 60 1.11 1.14 66.7 0.481
Quality
PSQI Total 60 7.78 8.00 467 3.365

Based on the data in the table, we can see that most of the respondents scored
their sleep quality as above average as most of the respondents are not having serious
trouble when it comes to their sleep quality bust most of them are sleeping beyond 12
midnight which is a bad sleeping time for their age.

According to Krishnankutty (February 2021) Sleeping at 10 pm or earlier can

increase incidents of heart attack, strokes, and death by nearly 9% and according to the
new study, the risk factor increases by 10% for those who sleeps past midnight. This
means that sleeping late at night can lead to death and may affect your mental health
and increasing the chance of having heat attacks which is bad for our health.

https://theprint.in/health/sleeping-after-midnight-is-bad-for-your-health-so-is-going-to-
bed-before-10pm-finds-study/607899/

Table 4. Academic Performance

Descriptive
N Mean Sum SD
APRS 1 60 7.27 436 2.570
APRS 2 60 7.72 463 2.026
APRS 3 60 3.62 217 0.825
APRS 4 60 8.25 495 1.410
APRS 5 60 3.47 208 0.650
APRS 6 60 10.67 640 2.384
APRS 7 60 24.75 1485 5.128

Table 5. Total
Descriptives
N Mean Mode Sum SD
Academic 60 9.39 9.57* 563 1.16
Performances
APRS Total 60 65.73 67.00* 3944 8.09
 Based on the table given, we can see many of the respondents are doing great
with their academic performance with a mean above average. This can imply that the
students are performing well with their school responsibilities.

According to the study of Front and Psychol (May 2021), there is a reported data
about the positive relationship of sleep quality and academic performance. This means
that if you have better sleep quality, your academic performance will also get better.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.672238/
full#:~:text=(2020)%20reported%20a%20positive%20relationship,associated%20with
%20poorer%20academic%20performance.

Independent Samples T-Test

Statistic df p Size
Sleep Student's t 1.5447 58.0 0.128 Cohen's d 0.5351
Quality
Student's t
Academic Student's t 0.0991 58.0 0.921 Cohen's d 0.0343
Performance
a Levene's test is significant (p < .05), suggesting a violation of the assumption of
equal variances

Based on this table, we can see that the p-value for sleep quality is above the
threshold with a value of p > 0.05 which indicates that the null hypothesis will be
accepted and there are 95% probability that the alternative hypothesis is false which
indicates that there is no significant relationship between the respondents’ sleep quality
and their academic performance.

According to the study of Jalali, et. Al (July 2020) The results showed no
significant difference between sleep quality and academic achievement. Nevertheless,
longitudinal study should be performed to control for confounding factors. This
furthermore proves that there is no significant relationship between sleep quality and
academic performance. But a further study should be done to provide more accurate
data regarding this.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7381801/
Latest GPA and Sleep Quality
ANOVA - Sleep Quality

Sum of df Mean Square F p

Squares
Latest GPA 0.847 4 0.212 0.910 0.465
Residuals 12.790 55 0.233

Base from the table above, we can see the p-value is P > 0.05 which indicates
that most of the respondents are the same in terms with their academic performance
being high.

This indicates that the sample of the population have great academic
performances because a sample population is a subset, and these subsets are taken
with the use of purposive sampling technique which means taking a subset of chosen
individuals based on the study of the researchers according to Explorable.com (2022)

https://explorable.com/population-sampling

Latest GPA and Academic Performance

ANOVA - Academic Performance

Sum of df Mean F p ω2
Squares Square
Latest 1.67 4 0.418 0.298 0.878 -0.049
GPA
Residuals 77.14 55 1.403

Latest Latest Mean SE df t ptukey

GPA GPA Difference
1.50-1.75 - 1.00-1.25 0.2930 0.379 55.0 0.7726 0.937
- 2.00-2.25 0.3974 0.622 55.0 0.6392 0.968
- 2.50-2.75 -0.0549 0.710 55.0 -0.0774 1.000
- 3.00 and -0.5311 1.199 55.0 -0.4428 0.992
above
1.00-1.25 2.00-2.25 0.1044 0.677 55.0 0.1542 1.000
- 2.50-2.75 -0.3480 0.759 55.0 - -0.4587 - 0.991
 2.00-2.25 - 2.00-2.25 - 2.00-2.25 - 2.00-2.25 - 2.00-2.25 - 2.00-2.25 - 2.00-2.25 -
2.50-2.75 - 2.50-2.75 - 2.50-2.75 - 2.50-2.75 - 2.50-2.75 - 2.50-2.75 - 2.50-2.75 -
0.4524 0.4524 0.4524 0.4524 0.4524 0.4524 0.4524
0.905 55.0 0.905 55.0 0.905 55.0 0.905 55.0 0.905 55.0 0.905 55.0 0.905 55.0
-0.5001 -0.5001 -0.5001 -0.5001 -0.5001 -0.5001 -0.5001
0.987 0.987 0.987 0.987 0.987 0.987 0.987
- 3.00 and - 3.00 and - 3.00 and - 3.00 and - 3.00 and - 3.00 and - 3.00 and
above - above - above - above - above - above - above -
0.9286 0.9286 0.9286 0.9286 0.9286 0.9286 0.9286
1.324 55.0 1.324 55.0 1.324 55.0 1.324 55.0 1.324 55.0 1.324 55.0 1.324 55.0
-0.7013 -0.7013 -0.7013 -0.7013 -0.7013 -0.7013 -0.7013
0.955 0.955 0.955 0.955 0.955 0.955 0.955

Base from the table above, we can see that the latest GPA of the students does
not have a significant relationship between their sleep quality and therefore the null
hypothesis is deemed true and accepted. This is because the P-Value are above the
threshold of 50% which indicates the acceptance of the null hypothesis.

According to the study of Jalali, et. al (2020) the results indicated that the
impaired sleep quality between the groups they studied were not statistically significant.
Although the relationship between sleeping and academic success were introduced
earlier, it still lacks evidence and definitive answer. This means that the relationship
between sleep quality and academic performance were still not proven true and is
therefore not associated with each other.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
342999636_The_Effect_of_Sleep_Quality_on_Students'_Academic_Achievement
 Table 3. Typology of Travelers when grouped according to Profile
N=156, alpha = 0.05
Variable t/F-value p-value Interpretation
SEX
Latest GPA and Sleep Quality 0.910 0.465
Latest GPA and Academic 0.298 0.878
Performance
Educational
Health/Aesthetic Tourism
Reasons for Travelling After
Pandemic 
Tourists’ Typology Classification
Drifter
Explorer
Individual Mass Tourist
Organized Mass Tourist
Perceived Risk