LATHE MACHINE

PRINCIPLE OF LATHE
 Lathe is a machine, which is used to remove metal from the
workpiece to required shape and size.

COMPONENTS OF LATHE

TYPES OF LATHES
•Speed Lathe :
It is the simplest type lathe. It is mainly used for metal
spinning, polishing etc.

•Bench Lathe :
It is small sized engine lathe mounted on bench. It is used
for turning small and light weight workpiece.

•Tool Room Lathe :

It is used for production of small tools, gauges, fixtures and accurate
parts in tool room.

•Turret Lathe :
These lathes are used in mass production and for heavy duty
workpieces.

•Capsten Lathe :
These lathes are used in mass production used for light duty
workpieces.

•Special Purpose Lathe :

These lathes are modification of engine lathes developed for
machining special types of workpices.

•Automatic Lathe
•Engine Lathe
•Tracer Lathe
•Computer Controlled lathe
•Swiss Type Automatic Lathe
•Duplicating Lathe
COMPUTER NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED LATHE
 Computer Numerical Controls (CNC)
 Equipped with one or more turrets
 Each turret is equipped with a variety of tools
 Performs several operations on different surfaces of the
workpiece
TURRET LATHE
Capable of performing multiple cutting operations on the
same workpiece
 Turning
 Boring
 Drilling
 Thread cutting
 Facing

Turret lathes are very versatile Types of turret lathes

 Ram-type: ram slides in a separate base on the saddle
 Saddle type:
 more heavily constructed
 Used to machine large workpiece
ENGINE LATHE
BENCH LATHE

AUTOMATIC LATHE
PARTS OF LATHE
 Bed : Supports all major components
 Carriage: Slides along the ways and consists of the cross-slide,
tool post, apron
 Headstock : Holds the jaws for the work piece, supplies power
to the jaws and has various drive speeds
 Tailstock : Supports the other end of the workpiece
 Feed Rod and Lead Screw : Feed rod is powered by a set of
gears from the headstock

LATHE BED
•Heavy, rugged casting

•Made to support working parts of lathe

•On top section are machined ways

•Guide and align major parts of lathe

HEADSTOCK
 Clamped on left-hand end of bed
 Headstock spindle
 Hollow cylindrical shaft supported by bearings
 Provides drive through gears to work-holding devices

CARRIAGE
Used to move cutting tool along lathe bed. Consists of three main
parts

 Saddle
 Cross-slide
 Apron
APRON

TAILSTOCK
ACCESSORIES
Chucks :
 Three jaw chuck (Self Centering Chuck)
This chuck is used to hold circular workpiece and is available in
sizes from 100mm to 600 mm.

 Four jaw chuck (Independent Chuck)

It is used to hold rectangular, square and irregular shaped
workpieces .

 Collet chuck
Pull poerating rod, Push poerating rod and It is ideal for holding
tube and thin walled workpieces.
Centres :
 Live centre
 Dead centre
 Tipped centre
 Ball centre
 Pipe centre
 Half centre

Mandrels :
 Plain mandrel
 Stepped mandrel
 Collared mandrel
 Screwed mandrel
OPERATION LATHE

LATHE OPERATIONS
- Turing - Facing
- Boring - Drilling
- Taper - Camfering
- Grooving - Forming
- Reaming - Undercutting
- Thread cutting - Knurling
BORING
Boring produces circular internal profiles in hollow workpieces.
Boring mills are used for large workpieces. Holes can be bored up to
20M if needed

Machines are available with a variety of features:-

 Horizontal boring machines

 Jig borers

TURNING
Forces in turning

 Cutting force: acts downward on the tool tip

 Thrust force: acts in the longitudinal direction
 Radial force: acts in the radial direction

Roughing and Finishing Cuts

 Rough cut: high speed cut with little regard for dimensional
tolerance
 Finishing cut: lower feed rate and depth of cut

Tool Materials, Feeds, and Cutting Speeds

 Cutting Fluids
CONCEPT OF SPEED, FEED AND DEPTH OF CUT
Cutting speed=( Πdn )/ 1000 mm/min

Feed :

 It is expressed in mm/rev

Depth of cut :

 t=(D-d )/2 mm
SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL GEOMETRY
 Clearance
 Rake
 End cutting edge angle
 Side cutting edge angle
 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY LAB 1
DMM1911
LATHE MACHINE & MILLING MACHINE

MEMBERS:
1. MUHAMMAD DANIAL IQMAL BIN ZAINUDDIN
MB17108
2. ZUL AIMAN HAKIMI BIN ZULAILI
MB17249
3. MUHAMMAD AFIFUDIN BIN MOHD TAJUDIN
MB17174