Types of lathes and their

parts

GROUP:
408
“
THE LATHE

Lathes are machines that allow us to machine geometrically shaped parts. through revolutions.
”
These machines operate by rotating a workpiece, clamped in the head, at different revolutions per minute,
depending on the composition of the material, the appropriate specifications and technological conditions for
machining.
 
Example of a mechanical lathe.
 All lathes remove chips from parts that rotate on their
axis of rotation and being machined, so your work will
be distinguished by the fact that the generated surface
will be circular, having its axis of rotation (or axis of
rotation) as its center. revolution

Roughing or finishing work can be carried out on the lathe on

a regular basis of the following surfaces:

• Cylindrical (exterior and interior)

• Conics (exterior and interior)
• Curved or hemispherical
• Irregular (but according to a center of rotation)
Special jobs can be done such as:
• Thread cutting
• Drilling (Millán, 2006)
Lathe parts
 ADVANCE BOX

The advance mechanism makes automatic advance possible and regulates its magnitude.
Since changing wheels on the lyre is a slow and cumbersome operation, the Most lathes have
a bed in the front part, a gearbox, more or less complex, to obtain various speeds at its output,
without changing the spare wheels
MAIN
CAR
It consists of two parts, one of which slides on
the bedplate guides and the other called apron,
is screwed to the first and slides on the front
of the bench. Some protections provided with
slits, at the front ends and rear of the cart,
which serve as accommodation for some
filters, are intended to chips and dirt do not
get between the sliding surface and the guides
 CROSS TROLLEY
The cross slide moves on the body of the
main slide following the axis rotation of the
main carriage. In the upper part it has a
circular T-shaped slot that serves to house the
heads of the screws that will serve for the tool
carriage. It can scroll manually or
automatically
 STEERABLE TROLLEY
The swiveling carriage, also called tool-carrying carriage, is supported on the cross slide
on a turntable that can rotate about a central axis and be fixed in any position to the cross
slide by means of four screws. It serves to make cones and inclines
 TOOL HOLDERS

The steerable carriage is provided with a

fixed axis on which a turret can rotate
square that allows to fix 4 tools at the same
time and present them at the right time 8
on the piece. To change the tool it is only
necessary to loosen the central nut and
turn, then press again and that's it
PRINCIPAL AXIS
It is the mechanism that supports the most
efforts while it is being machined, since It is
subject to torsional and axial stresses. It is made
of treated steel nickel-chrome, must be robust
and perfectly guided by bushings or bearings so
that there are no deviations, the bar is usually
hollow. at the tip exterior must have a system for
holding the plate
 BENCH

It serves as a support for the other units of the lathe. In its upper part it has guides through
which the mobile head or tailstock and the main carriage move. It is normally hard and
brittle pearlescent gray cast iron capable of withstanding the forces that originate during
work without experiencing appreciable deformations that could falsify the measurements
of the machined parts
 GEARBOX OR FIXED
HEAD

Contains the gears or pulleys that drive

the workpiece and drive units.
Advance. Includes motor, spindle,
speed selector, drive selector forward
and forward direction selector. It also
serves for support and rotation of the
work piece that rests on the spindle
COUNTERPOINT

The tailstock is the element that slides on the bed

and is used to serve as a support and be able to
place the pieces that are turned between points,
as well as other items such as drill chucks or drill
bits for drilling holes in the center of the axes.
This tailstock can be moved and fixed in various
positions along bench length .
 Its function is to hold the part to be machined.
There are several types, such as chuck
independent four-jaw or universal, mostly
used in the machine shop, just like there are
magnetic and six-jaw chucks .

ROTATING HEAD OR CHUCK

Cutting tools
 Cutting tools

Turning tools commonly called burins, differ in two factors, the material from which
they are made and the type of operation they perform.
Chisels can be classified according to their use, the main ones are:

Roughing tools: Side cutting tools:

• straight: right and left • Left
• curved: right and curved • rights

Tuning tools: Shape tools

• pointed • cutting or cutting
• squares • curved shape
• thread
• internal roughing (Amstead et al; 1981)
Cutting tools for
lathe
 Lathe types
There are three types of lathe which have different
characteristics.
 WORKSHOP
LATHES

Shop lathes including bench, fast,

precision, quarter tools or mechanical
workshop and with a neckline or split bed,
are available in different sizes
 The bench lathe

The bench lathe is a small lathe

that is mounted on a bench or a
metal cabinet and are used for light
machining on workpieces little.
Fast lathe

A fast lathe that can be mounted on a bench

or cabinet, characterized by the speed of
preparation and change of the workpiece,
ease of operation and low maintenance.
 Lathe for tool room or machine
shop

The tool room or machine shop lathe is equipped with

attachments and special accessories that allow carrying
out a series of precision operations. Usually used to
produce tools and gauges used in die production work
and tools.
 The neck lathe

The neck lathe (split bed) has a section of the bed, below of the plate that can be
disassembled, to increase the maximum diameter of the work that can be flipped. (Cruz J.
et al; 2008)
 SEMI-PRODUCTION
LATHES.

Semi-production lathes are basically

shop lathes modified with the
addition of a copier attachment or
digital readout system. the lathes
copiers or plotters are used to
reproduce parts that would be very
difficult or expensive to produce on
other types of lathes.
 PRODUCTION LATHES.

Production lathes are used when a large number of parts need to be produced. equal
pieces. Revolving or turret lathes, single-handed automatic lathes, Spindle and
numerically controlled lathes are the most common in this group.
 The revolver or turret
lathe
The revolver or turret lathe is used to
produce a large number of parts the same
that may require operations such as turning,
drilling, drilling, reaming, facing and thread
cutting. On some lathes turret up to 20
different tools can be mounted on one turret
type of ram or tool holder; each tool can be
rotated your position quickly and
accurately.
Automatic lathe

The single spindle automatic lathe is

intended for automatic production and in
series of pieces that require, mainly, turning
and facing. The automatic lathes usually
have two tool sliders mounted on the car.
The tools on the front cursor are used to
turning and drilling. The tools on the back
cursor are used to facing, rabbeting,
chamfering and grooving.
 Numerically controlled lathe
The numerically controlled lathe is one of the most recent
developments in the lathe. basic workshop, which is
controlled with a number tape, is used in particular for
turning and can produce shafts of almost any shape and
size from a economy and automatic mode. (Cruz J. et al;
2008).
 CNC LATHE

Numerical Control (NC) is the original term for this technology. It is currently
interchangeable with the term Computer Numerical Control (CNC).
To understand the CNC, it is necessary to know the differences and
similarities that present the different controllers as well as the standards they
use for their programming. Two worldwide standards are normally followed:
• ISO6983 (International Standardization Organization)
• EIARS274 (Electronic Industries Association)