We the students of Mechanical Engineering (Un-Aided) Department,

presenting a micro project of subject Advance Manufacturing Process (AMP)

on the topic of Different Types Of Lathe Machines.

The following are the group members:

 Umar Dulout 17715

 Fardeen Khatri 17716
 Fardeen Shaikh 17717
 Ayyan Gaonkhadkar 17718.

Under the guidance of

Lathe machine: Main Parts, Operation
and Working
Lathe was actually the first machine tool which came into being as a useful
machine for metal cutting. Lathe can be defined as a machine tool which holds the
work between two rigid and strong supports, called centres, or in a chuck or Face
plate while the lathe revolves.
The following are some of the important Parts of lathe machine.

1. Bed
The bed of Lathe acts as the base on which the different fixed and operations parts of the
Lathe are mounted.

2. Tool post
It is bolted on the carriage. It is used to hold the tool at correct position. Tool holder
mounted on it.

3. Chuck
Chuck is used to hold the workspace. It is bolted on the spindle which rotates the chuck and
work piece. It is four jaw and three jaw according to the requirement of machine.

4. Head stock
Head stock is the main body parts which are placed at left side of bed. It is serves as holding
device for the gear chain, spindle, driving pulley etc. It is also made by cast iron.

5. Tail stock
Tail stock is situated on bed. It is placed at right hand side of the bed. The main function of
the tail stock is to support the job when required. It is also used to perform drilling
operation.

7. Legs
Legs are used to carry all the loads of the machine. They are bolted on the floor which
prevents vibration.

8. Carriage
It is situated between the head stock and tail stock. It is used to hold and move the tool post
on the bed vertically and horizontally. It slides on the guide ways. Carriage is made by cast
iron.

9. Apron
It is situated on the carriage. It consist all controlling and moving mechanism of carriage.

10. Chips pan

Chips pan is placed lower side of bed. The main function of it to carries all chips removed by
the work piece.

11. Guide ways

Guide ways take care of movement of tail stock and carriage on bed.

12. Speed controller

Speed controller switch is situated on head stock which controls the speed of spindle.

13. Spindle
It is the main part of lathe which holds and rotates the chuck.

Lathe Machine Operation –

1. A cylindrical work piece fixed to the chuck. A chuck may have three jaw or for jaw
according to the requirement. The work piece is at the center or some eccentric
according to the process perform.
2. The spindle starts to rotate and set it at desire speed. The spindle speed plays a huge
role during cutting. The spindle rotates the chuck and work piece.
3. Now check the work piece is turning properly. If it not set the work piece using dial
gauge.
4. Now set the tool at desire feed by moving the tool post and carriage. The feed also play
main role during cutting. Large feed may cause unwanted temperature increase.
5. After it tool is introduce between moving work piece at desire feed rate. It cut the
metal from work piece. The feed rate is set at the cutting condition.
6. Now all unwanted metal is removed by moving the carriage form horizontally and
vertically as desire according to the job requirement. After complete all process we got
a well finished job.
7. Lathe can perform turning, boring, chamfering, shaping, facing, drilling knurling,
grooving as shown in figure.
  Types of Lathe Machine
1. Speed Lathe/ Wood Lathe

These are some of the products which can be easily made on wooden lathes or
speed lathes. As name suggest, there is a high speed spindle which can be operate in
3 to 4 varying speeds ,near 1000 to 2100 rpm, by shifting the position of the drive
belts on the pulley system.

Yes it is very simple in design because the components like gearbox, feed rod, lead
screw, carriage, are not the part of these lathes which make it more simple and easy
to operate in any condition. The major components of these lathes are headstock,
tailstock, tool rest, and bed.

Unlike other lathes, there is less precision in these lathes since the cutting tool is
operated by hand. So these lathes require good skill and steady hands to provide
spick and span contours and smooth curves accurately on the workpiece.
Operations that can be done on these lathes are wood turning, metal spinning,
polishing, centering.
2. ENGINE LATHE

It is all started during the 19th and 20th century when the Engine lathes were
considers as the ‘KING’ of all machines. It was one of the most common machine set
up in every blacksmith shop. The usage of word “engine” is little confusing here.
During its early days it was operated on the steam engines, as steam engines were
the major invention and power source during the industrial revolution, and with the
advancement of time it shifted its power source to the motors.

Due to availability for low and high power operation these are widely used in
industries and available in many sizes which can vary up to 60 feet.

Now come to its major mounting parts like headstock, tailstock, carriage, compound
rest, cross slide, lead screw, feed rod etc. All are mounted on the machine in which
headstock and tailstock are mounted in the longitudinal direction of machine with
gear selector, rpm selector, feed selector in the former and barrel in the later one.
More importantly, similar to speed lathe, headstock contain spindle which has a
wide range of speed ratios in the presence of gearbox.

Carriage travels in the longitudinal direction of the bed for the turning operation.
Compound rest and cross slide are mounted on the top of the carriage to provide
angular movement and cross or transverse movement.
Lead screw is used to make threads on the work piece and feed rod is used to give
the linear moment to the carriage in the longitudinal direction of the machine.
3. TOOL–ROOM LATHE

What if I want make precision tools and products?

Some products like metal die, precision tools, jigs and fixture require more precision
and accuracy to work; in that case tool room lathe machines are used. Unlike engine
lathes, these are much more precise and accurate.
These are also well-known as the standard manufacturing lathes and are used for
various operations such as boring, drilling, turning, reaming, producing screw
threads, knurling, taper turning, and sometimes adapted for the special milling
operations with the appropriate fixture.

These have gearbox attached in the head-stock which provide wide range of speeds
ratios, can vary from a very low speed to a very high speed, and extended range of
thread pitches.
4. CAPSTAN AND TURRET LATHE

What if someone wants to go for a mass production? Because mass

production produce work piece in large quantities with duplicate products,
which by nature known as interchangeability, reduces error, saves time. All
this can be done by using capstan and turret types of lathe machine.

It is essentially a tool for production of work piece in large quantities with

duplicate products, which by nature are usually interchangeable. It is used
where sequence of operations are required on the work piece.

For operating these machines not so skilled labours are required. Whatsoever
skill is needed of the operator is the setting of the tools in the turret or
capstan head, and after the completion of this task further operations of these
machines are automatic.
 5. SPECIAL PURPOSE LATHE
These lathes are constructed for special product making which cannot be performed on
the standard lathes. As the name suggest, these lathes are used for special purpose such as
heavy duty production of identical parts.

(i) Wheel Lathes

 These are very large in size and made for turning solid wheels and
tired wheel, worn out treads of locomotive wheels, roadways wheels
etc. into a proper required profile by removing spots, shelling,
unwanted shapes.

(ii) Bench Type Jewelers Lathes

 These are the miniature of standard lathes which are designed for the
machining of the small parts with greater precision. It contain collet
type chuck, feed screw, precise manual cross feed etc. Since the
controls and feeds are calibrated in smaller increment which result in
better precision of the work piece.
(ii) Automatic lathes
a) Swiss type Automatic Lathe Machine

 With the advancement of technology there is a transition from

manually to semiautomatic to automatic lathes. These are high speed,
heavy duty, mass production lathes in which all the job handling
operations and all the processing operations are done automatically.
Ex – Single spindle automatic, swiss type automatic lathe, etc.

b) Single spindle automatic lathe

 These machines produce short work pieces of simple form by means of

cross sliding tools. Machines are simple in design.
 Head stock with spindle is mounted on bed.
 2 cross slides are located on bed at front end of spindle.
 CAMS on cam shaft actuate movements of cross slide through system
of levers.
 (iv) Crankshaft Lathe

 It carries all the attachments like taper turning, threading etc. It is

mainly used for turning very long parts like Turbine, Crank shafts and
Engine shafts etc.

A crankshaft is a shaft driven by a crank mechanism, consisting of a series of cranks

and crankpins to which the connecting rods of an engine are attached. It is a
mechanical part able to perform a conversion between reciprocating
motion and rotational motion. In a reciprocating engine, it translates reciprocating
motion of the piston into rotational motion, whereas in a reciprocating compressor,
(v) Vertical Lathes

These machines are employed for jobs like heavy and dense flywheel, large
gear blanks etc.

Vertical lathe machine is similar to the horizontal lathe in which the machine
stands up on its ends. Some industries use this instead of horizontal lathe
because sometimes space comes up as a constraint. While others prefer it for
doing turning and boring on large and heavy rotating parts which cannot be
otherwise supported on other lathes. It has a heavy and dense base to the
lowermost part which carries a face plate to grasp the work piece.
 6. CNC LATHE

One of the most prevaliling technology through which and shape and size can
be machined into a desired product.

Computer numerically controlled or CNC Lathes are the latest variety of lathes
that are unique and very accurate. They are simple to set and operate, and can
rapidly perform monotonous jobs. The object to be produced is pre-designed, and
the tool path is pre-programmed either by a CAD/CAM process, or manually by a
programmer. The work piece is then loaded on the machine, and set as required. The
lathe thereafter continues to automatically manufacture the required product, with
intermittent supervision of the machine operator.

A CNC lathe is digitally controlled through the computer menu. The program may be
altered as required and displayed on the computer screen, together with a computer
generated view of the process. These high speed CNC lathes are very useful for
cutting curved shapes and complex forms without using any special shaping tools.