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Course Information
Brief

Course Instructor:
Instructor N.A. Amenaghawon
andrew.amenaghawon@uniben.edu
Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
[CHE 411] Lecture Venue: 500L Class
First term 2018/2019:
Engr. Dr. N.A. Amenaghawon Mondays (11am-1pm)
BEng (Uni. Benin), MSc/DIC
MSc/DIC (Imperial College London), Ph.D (Uni. Benin) Course Website:
MNSChE, MNSE,
MNSE, MNIM,
MNIM, R.Eng (COREN)
COREN) http://amenaghawon.com/view-courses.php?c=4
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City
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Course Information Course Information

Brief Brief

Grading and Assessment:

Assessment
• Continuous Assessment with a weight of 30% of
final mark Recommended text:
• Class activities • Smith, J. M., Van Ness, H.C. and Abbott, M.M.
• Quizzes (2001). Introduction to Chemical Engineering
• Take home assignment Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill, New York.
• Group presentation
• Closed book final exam with a weight of 70% of
final mark
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Course Information Course Information

Course Outline Course Aim

• Introduction to thermodynamics • To introduce students to concepts in chemical

• Introduction to Vapour Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) engineering thermodynamics
• Solution thermodynamics and Ideal behavior
• Phase behaviour at low to moderate pressures
• Partial molar quantities
• Thermodynamic properties of fluids
• Chemical reaction equilibrium
Course outline can be downloaded from the course
website in .pdf format
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Course Information
Course Learning Outcomes

At the end of taking this course, the student

should have been exposed to:
• The basic theory of vapour-liquid equilibrium Introduction to Thermodynamics
• Bubble and dew point calculations
• Partial molar properties of mixtures
• Chemical reaction equilibrium

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Introduction to Thermodynamics Introduction to Thermodynamics

Historical Context Historical Context

Generally began with Otto von Guericke who, in Robert Boyle had learned of Guericke's designs and, in
1650, built and designed the world's first vacuum 1656, in coordination with Robert Hooke, built an air
pump pump

His observed correlation between pressure,

Demonstrated the existence of a vacuum using his temperature, and volume led to the formulation of
Magdeburg hemispheres Boyle's Law

Guericke motivation was to disprove Aristotle's This would form the basis of the design of steam
long-held supposition that 'nature abhors a vacuum engines via the work of Denis Papin, Thomas Savery,
Thomas Newcomen
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Introduction to Thermodynamics Introduction to Thermodynamics

Historical Context Historical Context

Drawing from previous work Sadi Carnot, the "father of

thermodynamics", publish “Reflections on the Motive
Power of Fire” in 1824
The thermodynamicists
A discourse on heat, power, energy and engine efficiency representative of the original
The book outlined the basic energetic relations between eight founding schools of
the Carnot engine, the Carnot cycle, and motive power thermodynamics

It marked the start of thermodynamics as a modern

science
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Introduction to Thermodynamics Introduction to Thermodynamics

Historical Context Historical Context

The first and second laws of thermodynamics

emerged simultaneously in the 1850s, primarily
The first thermodynamic textbook was out of the works of William Rankine, Rudolf
written in 1859 by William Rankine, Clausius, and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)
originally trained as a physicist and a civil
and mechanical engineering professor at
the University of Glasgow

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Introduction to Thermodynamics Introduction to Thermodynamics

Historical Context Historical Context

The foundations of statistical thermodynamics

were set out by physicists such as Josiah Willard
Gibbs, James Clerk Maxwell, and Ludwig • Sadi Carnot, the "father of thermodynamics“
Boltzmann is credited with inventing the Carnot engine

• Johannes van der Waals was a Dutch

theoretical physicist and thermodynamicist
famous for his work on an equation of state
for gases and liquids

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Introduction to Thermodynamics
Basic Concepts
Definition:
• Science of “motion” (dynamics) and/or the
transformation of “heat” (thermo) and energy
into other energy containing forms
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Introduction to Thermodynamics
Basic Concepts
System:
A region containing energy and/or matter and
separated from its surrounding by a boundary
Types:
• Isolated: no communication with the surrounding
• Closed: no mass transfer across the boundary
but energy can
• Open: mass and energy can transfer across the
boundary
• Composite: consists of several subsystems
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Introduction to Thermodynamics
Basic Concepts
System:
A region containing energy and/or matter and
separated from its surrounding by a boundary
Types:
• Simple: has no external influence
• Homogeneous: chemical composition and
properties are macroscopically uniform
• Isotropic: properties do not vary with
direction
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Introduction to Thermodynamics
Basic Concepts
Boundary:
A closed surface surrounding a system
Types:
• Permeable/impermeable: allows (or not)
mass transfer
• Diathermal: does not allow heat transfer
• Moveable/deforming: allows boundary
work
• Rigid: does not allow boundary work
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Introduction to Thermodynamics Introduction to Thermodynamics

Basic Concepts Basic Concepts

Surrounding: The first law:

A region containing energy and/or matter and The total energy content of a system will remain
separated from its surrounding by a boundary constant and if energy disappears in one form, it
will simultaneously reappear in another form
Phase:
A region within which all properties are uniform A statement of the law of conservation of energy
Pure substance:
A substance whose composition is spatially
uniform
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Introduction to Thermodynamics Introduction to Thermodynamics

Basic Concepts Basic Concepts

The first law: The second law:

Illustration Heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder
location to a hotter location

In any cyclic process the entropy will either

increase or remain the same

Places constraints upon the direction of heat transfer

and the attainable efficiencies of heat engines

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Introduction to Thermodynamics Introduction to Thermodynamics

Basic Concepts Applications

The third law:

As the temperature of a system approaches
absolute zero, its entropy becomes constant, or Automobile engines:
the change in entropy is zero Energy conversion from
chemical to heat to mechanical
As a system approaches absolute zero, all
processes cease and the entropy of the system
approaches a minimum value

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Introduction to Thermodynamics Introduction to Thermodynamics

Applications Applications

Automobile engines: Jet engines:

Energy conversion from Energy conversion from
chemical to heat to mechanical chemical to heat to mechanical

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Introduction to Thermodynamics Introduction to Thermodynamics

Applications Applications

Air conditioners: Refrigeration:

Energy conversion from one Energy conversion from one
temperature to another temperature to another

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Introduction to Thermodynamics Introduction to Thermodynamics

Applications Applications

Engine cooling system: Steam engines:

Energy conversion from one Energy conversion heat to
temperature to another mechanical

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Introduction to Thermodynamics
Applications

Nuclear power plant:

Energy conversion from
chemical to heat to mechanical
to electrical

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