MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-KAMAYA POINT

DGE303/EGE303 DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMICS

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS WITH
Associated Marine Officers and Seamen’s Union of the Philippines – PTGWO-ITF
ANALYTIC GEOMETRY
Kamaya Point, Alas-asin, Mariveles, Bataan
TITLE CALCULUS1 MODULE
ISSUE NO. 0 REV. 0 DATE EFFECTIVE: PAGE 1 OF 5
Course: Differential Calculus with Analytic Geometry
Module Number: 5
Topic: Hyperbola
Learning Outcomes: The students should be able to:
. I 1. identify an equation of a hyperbola and its transverse axis.
2. write the equation of a hyperbola in standard and in general form.
3. draw the conic section by using the special features like center, vertices, foci, transverse and conjugate axes,
auxiliary rectangle, lines of asymptote, ends of the latus rectum, and directrices.

Keywords and Concepts:

Center Auxiliary rectangle

Vertices Lines of asymptote
Foci Latus Rectum
Transverse axis Directrices
Conjugate axis Eccentricity

Lecture
A: Definition: A hyperbola is the set of points in a plane such that the difference of the distances of each point
from two fixed points called foci is constant.
PF1  PF2  2 a

F2
1
●
P

Features of a hyperbola:
Center: (h,k)
Transverse axis: Line through CV1V2 where a = │CV│
Conjugate axis : Line through CB1B2 where b = │CB│
Two Foci: F1 and F2
Distance from center to a focus: c = │CF1│
Equation relating the lengths a,b,c : c = a + b2 2 2

Auxiliary rectangle: The rectangle with: center at C, length 2a, and width 2b.
The lines of asymptote of the hyperbola are diagonals of the auxiliary rectangle.
Length of Half of a Latus Rectum : │FE│=b2 /a
Distance between center C and a directrix │CD│ = a2 /c
The eccentricity: e=c/a Since c > a, then e>1
 MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-KAMAYA POINT
DGE303/EGE303 DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMICS
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS WITH
Associated Marine Officers and Seamen’s Union of the Philippines – PTGWO-ITF
ANALYTIC GEOMETRY
Kamaya Point, Alas-asin, Mariveles, Bataan
TITLE CALCULUS1 MODULE
ISSUE NO. 0 REV. 0 DATE EFFECTIVE: PAGE 2 OF 5
B. Equations:
I. General equation: Ax2 + By2 +Dx +Ey +F=0 with A and B having different signs
II. Standard form of the equation:

(x  h) 2 (y k)) 2
1.  1
a2 b2
Center : (h, k)
Transverse Axis : horizontal

(y  k ) 2 (x  h ) 2
2.  1
a2 b2
Center : (h, k)
Transverse Axis : Vertical

The features of a hyperbola are summarized in the following table:

Standard Form of (x  h) 2 (y k) 2 (y k) 2 (x  h) 2

Equation  1  1
a2 b2 a2 b2
Transverse axis horizontal y=k vertical x=h
Center (h, k) (h, k)
Vertices V1 V2 (h±a, k) (h, k±a)
Foci (h±c, k) (h, k±c)
Ends of Conjugate axis (h, k±b) (h±b, k)
B1 B2
Ends of Latus Rectum (h+c, k± b2/a) (h±b2/a, k+c)
(h-c, k± b2/a) (h±b2/a, k-c)
Lines of asymptote y k x h y k x h
 
b a a b

Examples:
1. Given: 9x2 – 4y2 – 90x+189=0
Req’d: i. Express the equation in standard form
ii. Coordinates of: C, V, B, F, Ends of LR
Equations of the lines of asymptote
iii. Graph. Label the points and lines required in ii
Solution: a. Express the equation in standard form:
9x2 – 4y2 – 90x+189=0
9x2 -90x– 4y2 =– 189
9(x2– 10x+25) – 4y2=– 189+225
9(x-5)2– 4y2=36
 MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-KAMAYA POINT
DGE303/EGE303 DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMICS
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS WITH
Associated Marine Officers and Seamen’s Union of the Philippines – PTGWO-ITF
ANALYTIC GEOMETRY
Kamaya Point, Alas-asin, Mariveles, Bataan
TITLE CALCULUS1 MODULE
ISSUE NO. 0 REV. 0 DATE EFFECTIVE: PAGE 3 OF 5
2 2
( x  5) y
Standard form:  1
4 9
b. Features of the hyperbola
Standard Form of Equation ( x  5) 2 y 2 (x  h) 2 (y k) 2
 1  2
 1
4 9 a b2
(h,k): (5,0) a=2 b=3 c= 4  9  3.6 b2/a=4.5
Transverse axis: horizontal y=k y=0
Center: (h, k) (5,0)
Vertices V1 V2: (h±a, k) V1(3,0) V2(7,0)
Foci F1 F2: (h±c, k) F1(1.4, 0) F2(8.6, 0)
Ends of Conjugate axis B1 B2 B1(5, 3) B2(5,-3)
(h, k±b)
Ends of Latus Rectum: E1(1.4, 4.5) E2(1.4, -4.5)
(h-c, k± b2/a) E1’(8.6, 4.5) E2’(8.6, -4.5)
(h+c, k± b2/a)
Lines of asymptote: 3
y (x  5)
y k x h 4

b a

c. Graph

Y E1’(8.6,4.5)
● ●
E1(1.4,4.5)
B1(5,3)
●

● ● ● ● ● X
(0,0) F (1.4,0) V (3,0)
1 1 C(5,0) V2(7,0) F2(8.6,0)

●
B2(5,-3)
E2(1.4,-4.5)
● ● E2’(8.6,-4.5)
y= -3/4(x-5) y=3/4(x-5)

2. Given: Hyperbola with C(-3,2), transverse axis is vertical, the curve passes through P(1,7),
and the asymptotes are perpendicular to each other.
Req’d: i. Equation of the hyperbola in standard form
ii. Graph. Label the C, V, F, lines of asymptote.

(y k) 2 (x  h) 2
Solution: The standard form must be   1 where C(-3,2). If the lines of asymptote are
a2 b2
perpendicular to each other, then the lines are the diagonals of a square; i.e., a=b.
 MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-KAMAYA POINT
DGE303/EGE303 DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMICS
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS WITH
Associated Marine Officers and Seamen’s Union of the Philippines – PTGWO-ITF
ANALYTIC GEOMETRY
Kamaya Point, Alas-asin, Mariveles, Bataan
TITLE CALCULUS1 MODULE
ISSUE NO. 0 REV. 0 DATE EFFECTIVE: PAGE 4 OF 5
2 2
(y 2) (x  3)
2
 1.
a a2

(7  2) 2 (1  3) 2
Since P(1,7) is on the curve, then 2
  1 results to a= b=3
a a2

(y 2) 2 (x  3) 2
Standard form of the equation:  1
9 9
b. Features of the hyperbola
Standard Form of Equation (y 2) 2 (x  3) 2
 1
9 9
(h,k): (-3,2) a=3 b=3 c= 9  9  4.24 b2/a=3
Transverse axis: vertical x=h X=-3
Center: (h, k) (-3,2)
Vertices V1 V2: (h, k±a) V1(-3,5) V2(-3, -1)
Foci F1 F2: (h, k±c) F1(-3, 6.24) F2(-3, -2.24)
Ends of Conjugate axis B1 B2 B1(-6,2) B2(0, 2)
Ends of Latus Rectum:
(h± b2/a , k+c) E1(-6, 6.24) E2(0, 6.24)
(h± b2/a, k-c) E1’(-6, -2.24) E2’(0, -2.24)
y k x h y= x +5
Lines of asymptote: 
b a y= ̶ x ̶ 1

c. Graph
Y

y=x+5
E1(-6, 6.24) F1(-3,6.24) E2(0, 6.24)
● ● ●

●
V1(-3,5)

C(-3,2)
B1(-6,2) ● ● ● B2(0,2)

X
V2(-3,-1)
●

● ● ●
E1’(-6, -2.24) F2(-3,-2.24) E2’(0, -2.24)
y= ̶ x ̶ 1
 MARITIME ACADEMY OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC-KAMAYA POINT
DGE303/EGE303 DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMICS
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS WITH
Associated Marine Officers and Seamen’s Union of the Philippines – PTGWO-ITF
ANALYTIC GEOMETRY
Kamaya Point, Alas-asin, Mariveles, Bataan
TITLE CALCULUS1 MODULE
ISSUE NO. 0 REV. 0 DATE EFFECTIVE: PAGE 5 OF 5
Exercises:
1. Given: a. x2 – 4y2 – 6x – 8y + 9=0 b. x2 – y2 +6x +2y = 8
c. 49y2 + 98y – 4x2 +24x – 183 = 0
Req’d: i. Express the equation in standard form.
ii. Coordinates of: C, V, B, F, Ends of LR
Equations of the lines of asymptote
iii. Graph. Label the required points and lines

2. Given: Hyperbola with C(1,-2), transverse axis is horizontal, length of the transverse axis is 6 units,
and the length of the conjugate axis is 10 units.
Req’d: i. Equation of the hyperbola
ii. Graph. Label: C, V, F, lines of asymptote

3. Given; Hyperbola with C(0,0), one focus at (8,0), one vertex at (4,0).
Req’d: i. Equation of the hyperbola in standard form
ii. Graph. Label the following : C, V, F, B

Additional Resources:
a. The Calculus with Analytic Geometry by Louis Leithold
b. Calculus and Analytic Geometry by George B. Thomas Jr and Ross L.Finney
c. Differential Calculus with Analytic Geometry Modules

Assessment and Evaluation:

Summary and Reflection: