MEB3023 - Lecture2 (A) - V Belt Drivers

Lecture-2(a)
V-Belt Drives
©2021
@2022 Mechanical Engineering Design, MEB3023 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO# CO Description POs Addressed
Design the basic mechanical components in

CO1 engineering systems. PO1, PO2, PO3, PO4
Develop engineering models of the

CO2 PO1, PO2, PO3, PO4
components / systems.
Apply materials selection in the design of

mechanical systems, e.g. for DFM and DFA.
Apply Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

(FMEA) on mechanical system design.
©2022
@2022 Mechanical Engineering Design, MDB3083 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
©2022
@2022 Mechanical Engineering Design, MDB3083 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
CONTENT
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types of Belts (Recap!)
1.3 V-Belt Drives
1.4 Worked Examples
At the end of his session

Students will be able to design the V
belt drive for a given application using
manufacture's data
©2021
(Recap!)
Mechanical Drives
Flexible Drive
Rigid drive
- belts, chains,
- gears
and ropes
• Flexible drives transmit power over long distances.

• The intermediate link absorbs shock and vibration.
• Flexible drives are less costly as compared to gear drives.
• Flexible drives provide considerable flexibility in terms of locating driving
and driven shaft.
Limitation:
• Flexible drives occupy more space.
• Velocity ratio is small and the velocity may not be constant.
©2021
Types of Belts
©2021
Design /Selection Procedure
(Recap!) Read the given information:
• Center to center distance,
• Angular speed of the driving pulley,
• Velocity ratio,
• Nominal power to be transmitted, and
• Operating condition.
Make decisions on:

• Diameter of the driver pulley,
• Belt material, and
• Belt width. No
Perform calculations to verify:

Is f’ < f?
• Coefficient of friction
Yes
Documentation
©2021
(Recap!)
The mechanical efficiency of a flat-belt drive is approximately 98

percent. Because of its high value, the efficiency is often neglected.
If a designer should choose to include it, where would he or she
insert it in the flat-belt protocol?
@2022
©2021 Mechanical Engineering Design, MEB3023 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
Characteristics V-belt drive
• Permits high speed ratios and provide long life.

• They are quiet and low maintenance.
• Efficiency ~ 94 to 98%
• Mainly used in electric motors, compressors and pumps.
Limitation:
• May slip and creep.
• Should not be used if synchronous speed is required.
©2021
V-belt drive
Image courtesy: chemverse.in
©2021
• The cross-sectional dimensions of V belts have been standardized by
manufacturers, with each section designated by a letter of the alphabet for
sizes in inch dimensions.
• To specify a V belt, provide the belt-section letter, followed by the inside
circumference in mm.
• The pitch length is obtained by adding a quantity to the inside circumference.
• For best results, a V belt should be run quite fast: 20 m/s is a good speed.
Trouble may be encountered if the belt runs much faster than 25 m/s or much
slower than 5 m/s.
©2021
©2021
©2021
• Pitch length :
• Center to center distance:
D = pitch diameter of the large sheave

d = pitch diameter of the small sheave.
Note: Longer center distances are not recommended for vibration

reasons. In general, D < C < 3x(D+d).
Link-type v-belt.
©2021
Note:
• The rating for v-belts is in terms of hours or number of belt passes.
• Standard tables provide rating for D=d design with moderate length
and steady load.
Question:
• Can we directly use a table prepared this way (e.g. Table 17-12) for
design evaluation or analysis?
Example:
– C-section belt, H should be

corrected !
– 7.06 kW
– 300 mm diameter
– 15 m/s peripheral speed
– Belt to be used under conditions not tested for before.
©2021
Allowable power :
where Ha = allowable power, per belt, Table 17–12
K1 = angle-of-wrap correction factor, Table 17–13
K2 = belt length correction factor, Table 17–14
©2021
Allowable power :
©2021
V belt the effective coefficient of friction (f)
In a V belt the effective coefficient of friction f is f/sin(φ/2),

which amounts to an augmentation by a factor of about 3
due to the grooves. The coefficient of friction is declared
to be 0.5123 for grooves.
©2021
Design Power :
where Hnom is the nominal power,
Ks is the service factor given in Table 17–15,
nd is the design factor .
Number of belts:
©2021
Calculation of centrifugal force
- The given table (Table 17.12) ignores tension due to
bending of the belt about the pulley.
- The modified equation is
For Type-B
cross-section
v-belt
©2021
Initial tension:
©2021
Note the
difference!
For Type-B cross-

section v-belt
©2021
Note: Np number of passes
If Np is > 109, report

that Np = 109.
For Type-B cross-

section v-belt
©2021
The analysis of a V-belt drive consists of the following
steps:
– Find V, Lp, C, φ, and exp(0.5123φ)
– Find Hd , Ha , and Nb from Hd /Ha and round up
– Find Fc, F, F1, F2, and Fi , and nf s
– Find belt life in number of passes, or hours, if possible
• Allowable Power :
• Design Power :
where Hnom is the nominal power, Ks is the service factor given in Table
17–15, and nd is the design factor .
• Lifetime in hours :
©2021
Design /Selection Procedure
Read the given information:
• Angular speed of the driving pulley,
• Velocity ratio,
• Nominal power to be transmitted, and
• Operating condition.
Make decisions on:

• Diameter of the driver pulley,
• Type and number of belts, and
No
Perform calculations to verify:

• Center distance, Is Np<
• Power capacity / safety factor, and 109
• Number of pass
Yes
Documentation
©2021
Timing Belts
• A timing belt does not stretch appreciably or slip and consequently transmits power
at a constant angular-velocity ratio.
• Timing belts can operate over a very wide range of speeds, have efficiencies in the
range of 97 to 99 percent, require no lubrication, and are quieter than chain drives.
• The five standard inch-series pitches available are listed in Table 17–18 with their
letter designations.
• The design and selection process for timing belts is similar to that for V belts.
©2021
Example-1 (Ex. 17-4)
A 7.46 kW split-phase motor running at 1750 rev/min is used to drive a rotary
pump, which operates 24 hours per day. An engineer has specified a 188 mm
small sheave, a 280 mm large sheave, and three B2800 belts. The service factor
of 1.2 was augmented by 0.1 because of the continuous- duty requirement.
Analyze the drive and estimate the belt life in passes and hours.
Solution:
- Peripheral speed:
V = d n = 17 m/sec
➢ 1. Find V, Lp, C, φ, and
- Pitch length:
exp(0.5123φ)
Table 17–11
L p = L + Lc = 2845 mm
- Center to center distance
= 1054 mm
©2021
➢ 1. Find V, Lp, C, φ, and exp(0.5123φ)
 or
 = 3.054 rad
exp(f φ)= 4.788
0.5123
©2021
➢ 2. Find Hd , Ha , and Nb from Hd /Ha
Allowable power:
Ha = K1 K2 Htab
Design power:
Hd = Ks nd Hnom
©2021
Allowable power:
Ha = K1 K2 Htab
Allowable power:
Type B-section
@d = 188mm & V = 17 m/s
Htab = 3.5 kW
©2021
Allowable power:
Ha = K1 K2 Htab
 = 3.054 rad or 175 
Allowable power:
Double strand
@  = 175 
K1 = 0.99
©2021
Allowable power:
Type B section K2 = 1.05
@ Lp = 2.845 m
Allowable power:
Ha = K1 K2 Htab = 3.64 kW
Design power:
Hd = Ks nd Hnom = 9.7 kW
©2021
Number of belts:
Nb  Hd / Ha = 2.67 ~ 3
Kc = 0.965
Kb = 576
Centrifugal force:
= 48.4 N
©2021
Cont…
©2021
Cont…
©2021
Cont…
K = 5309
b = 10.926
©2021
Reflection

Exercise Problems: 17.18 & 17.20
©2021
Thank You!

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Lecture-2(a)

CO# CO Description POs Addressed

Design the basic mechanical components in

Develop engineering models of the

Apply materials selection in the design of

Apply Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

1.2 Types of Belts (Recap!)

1.3 V-Belt Drives

1.4 Worked Examples

At the end of his session

• Flexible drives transmit power over long distances.

Make decisions on:

Perform calculations to verify:

The mechanical efficiency of a flat-belt drive is approximately 98

• Permits high speed ratios and provide long life.

Image courtesy: chemverse.in

• Center to center distance:

D = pitch diameter of the large sheave

Note: Longer center distances are not recommended for vibration

– C-section belt, H should be

– 15 m/s peripheral speed

– Belt to be used under conditions not tested for before.

In a V belt the effective coefficient of friction f is f/sin(φ/2),

nd is the design factor .

For Type-B cross-

If Np is > 109, report

For Type-B cross-

Make decisions on:

Perform calculations to verify:

exp(f φ)= 4.788

 = 3.054 rad or 175 

©2021 Mechanical Engineering Design, MEB3023 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

©2021 Mechanical Engineering Design, MEB3023 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

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