YDS/YÖKDİL Basics 2022 Sonbahar

2022 SONBAHAR
YDS - YÖKDİL
BASICS
HAZIRLIK
remzihoca.com
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics
2022 Sonbahar YDS/YÖKDİL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preposition
. . . . Words
Unit . .▢
.............................................................7 .
List
. . . .of. .Prepositions . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 .
Preposition
. . . . . . . . . .Recognition . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 .
Preposition
. . . . . . . . . .Block . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 .
Verb
. . . . .+. Preposition
. . . . . . . . . .Block . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 .
Preposition
. . . . . . . . . .Block
. . . . .Activity . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 .
Unit
. . . . Words
. . . . . .Review . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 .
Present Tenses
. . . . Words
Unit . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 .
Irregular
. . . . . . . .Verbs . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 .
Table
. . . . . of
. . Present
. . . . . . .Tenses . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 .
Form
. . . . . Recognition . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 .
Form
. . . . . Recognition . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 .
Meaning
. . . . . . . .Recognition . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 .
Example
. . . . . . . .Sentences . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 .
Present
. . . . . . . Tense
. . . . . Questions . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 .
Unit
. . . . Words
. . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 .
Past Tenses
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 .
Past
. . . . .Tenses
. . . . . .Tables . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 .
. . . . . Recognition
Form . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 .
Form . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 .
. . . . . . . .Recognition
Meaning . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 .
. . . . . . . .Sentences
Example . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 .
. . . . .Tense
Past . . . . .Questions . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 .
. . . . Words
Unit . . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 .
Future Tenses
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 .
. . . . . of
Table . . Future
. . . . . .Tenses . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 .
Form . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 .
Form . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 .
Meaning
. . . . . . . .Recognition . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 .
Example
. . . . . . . .Sentences . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 .
Future
. . . . . . Tense
. . . . . Questions . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 .
1 www.remzihoca.com
. . . . Words
Unit . . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 .
Tense Revision
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 .
Table
. . . . . of
. . All
. . .Tenses . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 .
Form
. . . . . Recognition . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 .
Form
. . . . . Recognition . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 .
Meaning
. . . . . . . .Recognition . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 .
Basic
. . . . . Tense
. . . . . .Questions . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 .
Unit
. . . . Words
. . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 .
Simple Modals
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 .
List
. . . .of. .Simple
. . . . . .Modals . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 .
Meaning
. . . . . . . . . .EN-TR . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 .
Meaning
. . . . . . . . . .TR-EN . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 .
Mood
. . . . . Recognition . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 .
Example
. . . . . . . .Sentences . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 .
Unit
. . . . Words
. . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 .
Perfect Modals
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 .
List
. . . .of. .Perfect
. . . . . .Modals . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 .
Meaning
. . . . . . . . . .EN-TR . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 .
Meaning
. . . . . . . . . .TR-EN . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 .
Mood
. . . . . Recognition . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 .
Example
. . . . . . . .Sentences . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 .
Unit
. . . . Words
. . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 .
Modal Revision
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 .
Time
. . . . .Recognition . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 .
Mood
. . . . . Recognition . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 .
Meaning
. . . . . . . . . .EN-TR . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 .
Meaning
. . . . . . . . . .TR-EN . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 .
Modal
. . . . . .Questions . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 .
Unit
. . . . Words
. . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 .
Passive Voice
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 .
Active
. . . . . .&. .Passive
. . . . . . Tenses . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 .
Active
. . . . . .&. .Passive
. . . . . . Modals . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 .
Passive
. . . . . . . Recognition . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 .
Passive
. . . . . . . Recognition . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 .
Passive
. . . . . . . Exercise . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 .
2 www.remzihoca.com
. . . . . . . .Sentences
Example . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 .
List
. . . .of. .Stative
. . . . . .Passive . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 .
Passive
. . . . . . . Questions . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 .
Unit
. . . . Words
. . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 .
Conditionals
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 .
If
. .Types . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 .
Recognition . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 .
. . . . .Recognition
Type . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 .
. . . . . . . . . . .Questions
Conditionals . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386 .
. . . . Words
Unit . . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 .
Verbal
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 .
. . . .of. .Verbals
List . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 .
. . . . . . Recognition
Verbal . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 .
Example
. . . . . . . .Sentences . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 .
. . . . . . Questions
Verbal . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 .
Unit
. . . . Words
. . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 .
Adjective & Adverb

. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434 .
Adjective
. . . . . . . .&
. .Adverb . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 .
. . . . . . . .&
Adjective . .Adverb
. . . . . . Questions . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 .
Unit
. . . . Words
. . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 .
Quantifiers
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 .
. . . .of. .Quantifiers
List . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 .
. . . . . . . . .Questions
Quantifier . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472 .
Unit
. . . . Words
. . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475 .
Transitions
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 .
List
. . . .of. .Transitions . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 .
. . . . . . . . . . EN-TR
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 .
Meaning
. . . . . . . .Exercise . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 .
. . . . . . . .Sentences
Example . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 .
. . . . Words
Unit . . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 .
Conjunctions
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 .
. . . .of. .Conjunctions
List . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 .
. . . . . . . . . . EN-TR
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 .
Meaning
. . . . . . . .Exercise . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 .
3 www.remzihoca.com
. . . . . . . .Sentences
Example . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 .
. . . . Words
Unit . . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529 .
Prepositional Phrases
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 .
. . . .of. .Prepositional
List . . . . . . . . . . .Phrases . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 .
. . . . . . . . . . EN-TR
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 .
. . . . . . . .Exercise
Meaning . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 .
. . . . . . . .Sentences
Example . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 .
. . . . Words
Unit . . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558 .
Correlatives
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564 .
List
. . . .of. .Correlatives . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 .
Meaning
. . . . . . . .Exercise . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569 .
Example
. . . . . . . .Sentences . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 .
Unit
. . . . Words
. . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572 .
Connectors Revision
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 .
Form
. . . . . Recognition . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 .
. . . . . .Recognition
Group . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 .
Connector
. . . . . . . . . Questions . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 .
Unit
. . . . Words
. . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 .
Relative Clause
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 .
RC
. . . .Markers . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 .
RC
. . . .Recognition . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 .
RC
. . . .Questions . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 .
RC
. . . .Reduction
. . . . . . . . Types . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631 .
Unit
. . . . Words
. . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 .
Noun Clause
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647 .
. . . .Markers
NC . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 .
. . . . .SVO
That . . . .Lists . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 .
RC
. . . .vs. .NC . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 .
Dummy . . . .▢
. . . . . . . it. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 .
. . . .Questions
NC . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679 .
Unit
. . . . Words
. . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 .
Clauses Revision
. . . . Words
Unit . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690 .
. . . .vs. .NC
RC . . .Sentences . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696 .
. . . .vs. .NC
RC . . .Questions . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 .
4 www.remzihoca.com
. . . . Words
Unit . . . . . .Review . . . .▢
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706 .
▢ Tamamladığınız alıştırmaları işaretleyebilirsiniz.
Bu dijital kaynak kullanıcının isteği üzerine ders notu olarak çoğaltılmıştır.
5 www.remzihoca.com
Preposition
• Unit Words
• List of Prepositions
• Preposition Recognition
• Preposition Block
• Verb + Preposition Block
• Preposition Block Activity
• Unit Words Review
6 www.remzihoca.com
Unit Words > List of Unit Words
then (adv): o zaman, o halde

Vocabulary
annual (adj): yıllık today (adv): bugün
cheap (adj): ucuz please (excl): lütfen
cold (adj): soğuk, ilgisiz age (n): yaş, çağ
constant (adj): sürekli, sabit air (n): hava, havayolu
distant (adj): uzak, mesafeli airfare (n): uçak bileti ücreti
dizzy (adj): başı dönen airport (n): hava limanı
early (adj): erken, başları area (n): bölge, yüz ölçümü
electronic (adj): elektronik atmosphere (n): atmosfer, ortam
entire (adj): bütün author (n): yazar
essential (adj): gerekli ball (n): top, yumak, balo
far (adj): uzak bank (n): banka, kıyı (nehir, göl), yığın
fatty (adj): yağlı beach (n): plaj
green (adj): yeşil, tecrübesiz biscuit (n): bisküvi
healthy (adj): sağlıklı body (n): vücut, ceset, kütle
important (adj): önemli book (n): kitap
large (adj): büyük bowl (n): kase
military (adj): askeri break (n): ara
old (adj): yaşlı, eski breakfast (n): kahvaltı
open (adj): açık bridge (n): köprü, briç
positive (adj): olumlu brother (n): erkek kardeş
recent (adj): son zamanlardaki building (n): bina, inşa etme
round (adj): yuvarlak cake (n): kek, kalıp
scientific (adj): bilimsel car (n): araba, vagon
similar (adj): benzer cause (n): sebep, amaç
small (adj): küçük century (n): yüzyıl
solar (adj): güneş kaynaklı change (n): değişiklik, para üstü
sudden (adj): ani child (n): çocuk
tremendous (adj): devasa citizen (n): vatandaş
next (adj): sonraki class (n): sınıf (okul), ders, sınıf (toplum)
back (adv): geri climate (n): iklim
carefully (adv): dikkatle clock (n): saat, gösterge
clearly (adv): açık bir şekilde coat (n): palto, kürk, kaplama
never (adv): asla cold war (n): soğuk savaş
now (adv, n): şimdi, hemen computer (n): bilgisayar
percent (adj, adv): yüzde condition (n): durum, koşul, rahatsızlık
pretty (adv): oldukça construction (n): inşaat
7 www.remzihoca.com
control (n): kontrol government (n): hükûmet
country (n): ülke, taşra grandparent (n): dede/nine
couple (n): çift gun (n): silah
credit card (n): kredi kartı happiness (n): mutluluk

crowd (n): kalabalık headache (n): baş ağrısı
cure (n): çare history (n): tarih, geçmiş
curiosity (n): merak home (n): ev, yurt

cycling (n): bisiklet sürme homelessness (n): evsizlik
daughter (n): kız evlat hotel (n): otel
day (n): gün, gündüz hour (n): saat

death (n): ölüm house (n): ev
decade (n): on yıl illness (n): hastalık
density (n): yoğunluk importance (n): önem

diet (n): beslenme, rejim improvement (n): gelişme
difference (n): fark, uyuşmazlık increase (n): artış

discovery (n): keşif infection (n): enfeksiyon
door (n): kapı invention (n): icat, uydurma
driving (n): sürüş king (n): kral

earth (n): dünya, toprak lake (n): göl
effort (n): çaba lamp (n): lamba
election (n): seçim language (n): dil

end (n): son lesson (n): ders
enemy (n): düşman letter (n): mektup, harf
energy (n): enerji level (n): seviye
Europe (n): Avrupa light (n): ışık, ateş (çakmak vs)

exam (n): sınav lion (n): aslan
eye (n): göz, iğne deliği literature (n): edebiyat, yazılı, basılı bilgi
factory (n): fabrika machine (n): makine
failure (n): başarısızlık man (n): adam, insanoğlu
fault (n): hata, fay match (n): maç, kibrit, eş

floor (n): zemin, kat, alan matter (n): konu, madde
food (n): yiyecek medicine (n): ilaç, tıp
forest (n): orman meeting (n): toplantı

France (n): Fransa message (n): ileti
Friday (n): Cuma minute (n): dakika, an
fridge (n): buzdolabı mirror (n): ayna

friend (n): arkadaş mobile phone (n): cep telefonu
garden (n): bahçe Monday (n): Pazartesi
genius (n): deha money (n): para
8 www.remzihoca.com
month (n): ay September (n): Eylül
mosque (n): cami shelf (n): raf

mountain (n): dağ, yığın shop (n): dükkan
movie (n): film size (n): ebat

muscle (n): kas, güç soap (n): sabun
night (n): gece south (adj, n): güney
noise (n): gürültü Spain (n): İspanya

nutrition (n): beslenme speech (n): konuşma
officer (n): yetkili, subay speed (n): hız

party (n): parti (eğlence), parti (siyasi), stage (n): aşama, sahne
taraf
star (n): yıldız, ünlü
passenger (n): yolcu
station (n): istasyon, vaziyet
past (adj, n): geçmiş
step (n): aşama, basamak, adım
person (n): kişi
street (n): cadde
personality (n): kişilik
study (n): araştırma, çalışma
plane (n): uçak, düz yüzey
Sunday (n): Pazar
planet (n): gezegen
surgery (n): ameliyat, muayenehane
plate (n): tabak, tabaka
table (n): masa, tablo
platform (n): sahne, peron
temperature (n): sıcaklık
police (n): polis (teşkilatı)
Black Death (n): Kara Ölüm
post office (n): postane
European Union (n): Avrupa Birliği
predator (n): yırtıcı hayvan
Middle East (n): Orta Doğu
pregnancy (n): hamilelik
the solar system (n): güneş sistemi
present (n): hediye, şu an
thief (n): hırsız
president (n): başkan
tiger (n): kaplan
protection (n): koruma
tower (n): kule
purse (n): cüzdan, el çantası
train (n): tren
question (n): soru, şüphe
tree (n): ağaç
rabbit (n): tavşan
trip (n): gezi
radiation (n): radyasyon, ışıma
tunnel (n): tünel
reason (n): neden, mantık
umbrella (n): şemsiye
report (n): rapor
understanding (n): anlayış
rest (n): dinlenme, geri kalanı
unemployment (n): işsizlik
return (n): dönüş, kâr
university (n): üniversite
road (n): yol
walk (n): yürüyüş
room (n): oda, alan
war (n): savaş
sale (n): satış, indirim
water (n): su
sea (n): deniz
week (n): hafta
season (n): mevsim
weekend (n): hafta sonu
9 www.remzihoca.com
weight (n): ağırlık listen (v): dinlemek
wheel (n): tekerlek, direksiyon look (v): bakmak, görünmek
wind (n): rüzgâr, gaz (mide, bağırsak) lose (v): kaybetmek

window (n): pencere, vitrin, fırsat love (v): sevmek, âşık olmak
winter (n): kış move (v): hareket etmek, taşınmak,

duygulandırmak
woman (n): kadın
need (v): ihtiyaç duymak
work (n): iş, çalışma
put (v): koymak
worker (n): işçi
revolve (v): etrafında dönmek
world (n): dünya
see (v): görmek, anlamak, ziyaret etmek
down (prep, adv): aşağı
send (v): göndermek
everyone (pron): herkes
sit (v): oturmak, sınava girmek
no one (pron): hiç kimse
stay (v): kalmak
all (q): hepsi
steal (v): çalmak
answer (v): cevap vermek
step (v): adım atmak
ask (v): sormak, istemek
study (v): çalışmak (ders), incelemek
benefit (v): yararlanmak
survive (v): hayatta kalmak
bow (v): saygıyla eğilmek
translate (v): tercüme etmek
chat (v): sohbet etmek
travel (v): seyahat etmek, yol almak
come (v): gelmek
understand (v): anlamak
communicate (v): iletişim kurmak,
(hastalık) bulaştırmak visit (v): ziyaret etmek
escape (v): kaçmak wait (v): beklemek
exercise (v): egzersiz yapmak, kullanmak walk (v): yürümek
fight (v): kavga etmek, mücadele etmek, want (v): istemek, gerekmek
savaşmak
wash (v): yıkamak
finish (v): bitirmek
watch (v): seyretmek, dikkatli olmak
fish (v): balık tutmak
wear (v): giymek, yıpranmak
fly (v): uçmak, uçakla gitmek, hızlıca
ayrılmak weight (v): ağırlık bağlamak
give (v): vermek work (v): çalışmak, işe yaramak
go (v): gitmek cost (v): mâl olmak
graduate (v): mezun olmak mating (n): çiftleşme
hear (v): duymak poem (n): şiir
hide (v): saklamak zero (n): sıfır
hold (v): tutmak, düzenlemek goods (n): mal
invite (v): davet etmek, davetiye çıkarmak poet (n): şair
jump (v): zıplamak well-known (adj): iyi bilinen
know (v): bilmek last (adj): son, geçen
last (v): sürmek, dayanmak next door (adj, adv): kapı komşusu
leave (v): ayrılmak, bırakmak turn off (pv): kapatmak (elektrikli aleti),
sapmak (yol)
10 www.remzihoca.com
take off (pv): çıkarmak (kıyafet), kalkış clear (adj): net, açık (hava), saydam
yapmak, başarılı olmak
developing (adj): gelişmekte olan
go up (pv): artmak, patlamak
different (adj): farklı
get in (pv): girmek
difficult (adj): zor
sterilize (v): sterilize etmek, hadım etmek
educated (adj): eğitimli
run off (pv): kaçmak, fotokopisini çekmek
huge (adj): kocaman
send off (pv): postalamak, yaymak, oyun
dışı bırakmak Indian (adj): Hindistan'a ait, kızılderililere
özgü
look like (pv): ... gibi görünmek
medical (adj): tıbbi
freshwater (n): tatlı su
mental (adj): zihinsel
China (n): Çin
outstanding (adj): mükemmel, ödenmemiş
several (adj): ayrı
poor (adj): fakir, yetersiz, zavallı
alternative (adj): alternatif
possible (adj): mümkün
concerned (adj): endişeli, ilgili
resistant (adj): dirençli
dental (adj): dişle ilgili
various (adj): çeşitli
high (adj): yüksek, kafayı bulmuş
deep (adj, adv): derin
new (adj): yeni
quite (adv): oldukça
profound (adj): derin, anlaşılması zor
vitally (adv): hayati derecede
animal (n): hayvan
boat (n): tekne
approach (n): yaklaşım, yaklaşma
communication (n): iletişim
astronaut (n): astronot
culture (n): kültür
behaviour (n): davranış
damage (n): hasar
depression (n): depresyon, buhran
distinction (n): ayrım
disease (n): hastalık
distribution (n): dağıtım
effect (n): etki
entrance (n): giriş
effectiveness (n): etkililik
exposure (n): maruz kalma, açığa
function (n): işlev, tören çıkarma, poz (fotoğrafçılıkta)
human (n): insan fatigue (n): bitkinlik
library (n): kütüphane field (n): arazi, alan
management (n): yönetim fishing (n): balıkçılık
prevention (n): önleme fossil (n): fosil, eski kafalı
resource (n): kaynak fuel (n): yakıt, körük (mecazi)

safety (n): güvenlik hospital (n): hastane
sky (n): gökyüzü income (n): gelir

spaceship (n): uzay gemisi indigestion (n): hazımsızlık
status (n): durum, statü inequality (n): eşitsizlik
therapy (n): terapi innovation (n): yenilik

trash (n): çöp island (n): ada
treatment (n): tedavi, muamele learning (n): öğrenme

arid (adj): kurak life (n): hayat
mortality (n): ölüm oranı, fanilik productivity (n): verim
ocean (n): okyanus public (n): halk

part (n): parça relationship (n): ilişki
patient (n): hasta republic (n): cumhuriyet
people (n): insanlar, halk soil (n): toprak, ülke

performance (n): performans, gösteri traffic (n): trafik, kaçakçılık
population (n): nüfus assess (v): değerlendirmek
rate (n): oran, ücret clear (v): temizlemek

region (n): bölge educate (v): eğitmek
remedy (n): tedavi eliminate (v): yok etmek, saf dışı bırakmak
reserve (n): rezerv, çekingenlik, koruma increase (v): artmak

alanı
keep (v): tutmak, devam etmek
school (n): okul, ekol, sürü (balık)
migrate (v): göç etmek
shore (n): kıyı
sign (v): imzalamak
significance (n): önem
undergo (v): maruz kalmak
source (n): kaynak
political (adj): siyasal
sun (n): güneş
significantly (adv): önemli ölçüde
surface (n): yüzey
breast (n): meme
sustenance (n): gıda, besleyici maddeler,
sürdürülebilirlik business (n): ticaret, iş yeri
teacher (n): öğretmen high school (n): lise
trade (n): ticaret, iş investment (n): yatırım
union (n): birlik, sendika market (n): pazar, piyasa
volume (n): hacim, cilt, ses (gücü) opportunity (n): fırsat
waste (n): israf, atık shelter (n): sığınak
agricultural (adj): tarımsal skin (n): deri, kabuk
free (adj, adv): özgür, bedava, boşta summer (n): yaz mevsimi
social (adj): toplumsal vaccine (n): aşı
unwanted (adj): istenmeyen volunteer (n): gönüllü
young (adj): genç wound (n): yara
autumn (n): sonbahar analyse (v): analiz etmek
awareness (n): farkındalık cause (v): sebep olmak
colony (n): koloni facilitate (v): kolaylaştırmak
deal (n): anlaşma protect (v): korumak
erosion (n): erozyon provide (v): sağlamak
flow (n): akış, akın spread (v): yayılmak
guest (n): misafir test (v): denemek, muayene etmek
issue (n): mesele, sayı (dergi, gazete) throw (v): fırlatmak
obstacle (n): engel numerous (adj): çok sayıda
pollution (n): kirlilik contribute to (pv): sebep olmak
per cent (adj, adv): yüzde fatty food : yağlı yiyecek
dangerous (adj): tehlikeli older brother : ağabey, abi

primary (adj): başlıca, ilkokul, ilk look old : yaşlı gözükmek
valuable (adj): değerli military genius : askeri deha

auction (n): açık artırma know language : dil bilmek
blood (n): kan, soy answer question : soruyu cevaplamak
children (n): çocuklar send message : mesaj göndermek

contribution (n): katkı new approach : yeni yaklaşım
factor (n): etken, (matematik) çarpan human resources : insan kaynakları
faith (n): güven, inanç economic status : ekonomik statü
freedom (n): özgürlük profound effect : derin/büyük etki

kidney (n): böbrek fertile land : verimli arazi
lack (n): eksiklik clear distinction : açık ayrım
moisture (n): nem vitally important : hayati derecede önemli

outcome (n): sonuç human life : insan hayatı
play (n): oyun mortality rate : ölüm oranı

religion (n): din fossil fuel : fosil yakıt
symbol (n): simge developing country : gelişmekte olan ülke
add (v): eklemek, toplamak (matematik) important source : önemli kaynak

boil (v): kaynamak arid region : kurak bölge
defend (v): savunmak newly discovered : yakınlarda keşfedilmiş

determining (adj): belirleyici deep water : derin su
sell out (pv): hepsini satmak undergo change : değişiklik geçirmek
young people : gençler / genç insanlar

Collocations
recent years : son yıllar healthy relationship : sağlıklı ilişki
scientific study : bilimsel çalışma unwanted guest : istenmeyen misafir
climate change : iklim değişikliği increase awareness : farkındalığı

arttırmak
lose weight : kilo kaybetmek/kilo vermek
social issue : toplumsal mesele
listen carefully : dikkatle dinlemek
free flow : serbest akış
solar energy : güneş enerjisi
eliminate obstacle : engeli ortadan
electronic goods : elektronik ürünler kaldırmak
listen to music : müzik dinlemek sign a deal : anlaşmayı imzalamak
sea level : deniz seviyesi protect skin : cildi korumak
mating season : çiftleşme mevsimi political speech : siyasal konuşma
sudden noise : ani gürültü provide shelter : barınak sağlamak
hear noise : ses duymak increase significantly : önemli derecede

artmak
last week : geçen hafta
facilitate communication : iletişimi
go for walk : yürüyüşe çıkmak kolaylaştırmak
go fishing : balığa çıkmak clean water : temiz su
raise awareness : farkındalığı artırmak beyond understanding : anlaşılmayacak
derecede
cause infection : enfeksiyona neden
olmak out of curiosity : meraktan
valuable contribution : değerli katkı reason behind : arkasındaki sebep

work as : ... olarak çalışmak
Prepositions
increase in : ...da artış be known as : ... olarak bilinmek
similar in : ... yönünden benzer at the party : partide
at the airport : hava alanında per hour : saatte
at ... speed : ... hızda approach to : …ya yaklaşım
at the end of sth : bir şeyin sonunda in the library : kütüphanede
look at : …ya bakmak number of : ...nın sayısı
book on : ...üzerine kitap effect on : …üzerinde etki
study on : ... hakkında çalışma, araştırma concerned with : …ile ilgili
on sb's return : birisi döndükten sonra war against : ...ya karşı savaş
graduate from : ...dan mezun olmak at night : geceleyin
by the end of : ...nın sonuna kadar difference between : …arasındaki fark
by plane : uçakla distinction between : …arasında

ayrım/fark
by air : hava yoluyla
at school : okulda
essential to : …için gerekli
innovation in : …da yenilik
benefit from : …dan
faydalanmak/yararlanmak field of : ... alanı
distant from : ...dan uzak important for : …için önemli
chat about : ... hakkında sohbet etmek treatment for : ...için tedavi
book about : ...hakkında kitap resistant to : ...ya karşı dirençli
over the years : yıllar boyunca damage from : ...dan hasar
under control : kontrol altında exposure to : …ya maruz kalma
under ... conditions : ... şartlar altında inequality in : …da eşitsizlik
under construction : inşaat halinde difficult for : ... için zor
without a break : aralıksız / molasız fact about : ... hakkında gerçek
throughout the world : dünyanın her remedy against : ... karşı çare, tedavi
yerinde beneath the surface : yüzeyin altında
step towards : ...ya doğru adım / ...ya off the coast : açıklarında
yönelik adım
volume of : ...nın hacmi
escape into : ...ya kaçmak
trade with : ... ile ticaret
fight against : …ya karşı savaşmak
at the beginning of : …nın başlangıcında
protection against : ...ya karşı koruma
migrate towards : ... doğru göç etmek
above a level : bir seviyenin üzerinde
awareness among : …arasında
temperature above : ...nın üzerinde farkındalık
sıcaklık
flow of : ...nın akışı
below a level : bir seviyenin altında
obstacle to : …ya engel / ...nın önündeki
over a/the decade : on yılda engel
deal with : ... ile anlaşma contribution to : …ya katkı
off shore : açıklarda within minutes : dakikalar içerisinde

protect against : ...ya karşı korumak freedom of : … özgürlüğü
during pregnancy : hamilelikte dangerous for : ... için tehlikeli
without fault : hatasız patient with : ... hastalığı olan hasta

per year : yılda / her yıl into the air : havaya
stay in : ...da kalmak lack of : ... eksikliği
communication between : ... arasındaki translate into : ...ya çevirmek

iletişim
List of Prepositions > List of Prepositions
of ...ın, ...in, ...un, ...ün, sessiz çeviri

1
İsim tamlaması kurarken kullanılır.
of (all) … arasında, ...içinde

2
Bir şeyin benzerleriyle karşılaştırma yaparken kullanılır.
(be) of …e sahip
3
Bazı isimlerle birlikte sahiplik anlamında kullanılır.
the speed of wind
the history of English literature
the problem of homelessness
of all the movies I have watched
Money is of tremendous importance for me.
in
...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki, ...nın içinde
(place)
1
Yer isimleriyle kullanılır.
in
...de, ...da, ..deki, ...daki
(place)
2
“belirli bir alanda” anlamı katar.
in
(time)
3
Zaman isimleriyle kullanılır.
in
…içerisinde, …de, …da
(time)
4
Bir şeyin ne kadar süre içerisinde olacağını ifade eder.
in …açısından, …bakımından
5
Bir şeyin hangi açıdan, hangi bakımdan olduğunu ifade eder.
in
…e, …a, …içine
(direction)
6
bir şeyin içine doğru yönelme
planets in the solar system
workers in the factory
a change in personality
an increase in unemployment
in the early stages of pregnancy
improvements in recent years
I will be back in 15 minutes.
They are similar in density.
Get in the car!
at
(place)
1
Yer isimleriyle kullanılır.
at
(time)
2
Zaman isimleriyle kullanılır.
at
…e, …a
(direction)
3
Bazı fiillerin hangi yöne doğru yapıldığını belirtir.
passengers at the airport
at a constant speed
at the end of 19th century
Train will leave at 11 o’clock.
Don't look at me like that!
on
…de, …da, …deki, …daki, ....nın üzerinde
(place)
1
yüzeyine temas eden
on
…de, …da, …deki, …daki, sessiz çeviri
(time)
2
Günlerle birlikte kullanılır.
on …üzerine, …hakkında
3
about
on
…e, …a, …üzerine., …üstüne
(direction)
4
bir şeyin üstüne doğru yönelme
on
…den sonra, …nın üzerine
(time)
5
after, when
upon
…den sonra, …nın üzerine
(time)
6
after, when
the plates on the table
freshwater lakes on Earth
open on Sundays
a book on pregnancy
scientific studies on climate change
Put your gun on the floor!
The will visit us on their return from Germany.
upon graduating from university
for ...için
1
purpose
for
…dır, …dir, …dur, …dür, sessiz çeviri
(time)
2
Bir şeyin ne kadar süredir devam ettiğini belirtir.
for + zaman dilimi | for + mesafe
a message for you
a medicine for headache
for the past two days
to stay for 6 weeks
We have been walking for 10 km.
by …tarafından, …nca
1
Edilgen anlam olan cümlelerde eylemi yapanı belirtir. (passive voice)
by
…e kadar, …e gelindiğinde
(time)
2
belirtilen zaman ifadesinden önce
by + Ving …erek, …arak

3
Sonrasında gerund geldiğinde bu şekilde çevrilir. (X without +Ving)
by ...ile
4
aracılığıyla, vasıtasıyla (by means of)
by
…yanında, …oralarda, …orada
(place)
5
yakınlarında bir yerde
was translated by a well-known author
a discovery by Galileo
by the end of the month
by 1950
to lose weight by exercising
by listening carefully
to go to Ankara by plane/air
There is a man by the door.
to
…e, …a
(direction)
1
yönelme
to + V1 …mek, …mek için

2
infinitive (to V1)
to …için
3
Bazı sıfatlarla birlikte için anlamında kullanılır.
Give it to your brother!
to walk to the station
to understand clearly
essential to healthy nutrition
I want to go to Paris to visit the Eiffel Tower.
from …den, …dan

1
bir şeyin başlangıcı, çıkış noktası, sebebi
from… to…
…dan …ya
(place & time)
2
zaman veya mesafe aralığı
from… until…
from… till… …dan …ya kadar
3 (place & time)
zaman veya mesafe aralığı
from… on
from… onwards …dan itibaren
4 (time)
Bir şeyin başlangıç noktasını belirtir.
to benefit from solar energy
distant from the Earth
cheap electronic goods from China
from Monday to Friday
from France to Spain
from now until/till September
from then on
from 16th century onwards
about …hakkında, …ile ilgili
1
on the subject of
about
yaklaşık ...
(adverb)
2
approximately
about to do
yapmak üzere
(adverb)
3
is going to do (+ to V1)
to chat about the elections
the book about the war in Middle East
It lasted for about 2 minutes.
It weighs about 7 kilograms.
The plane is about to take off.
with …ile, ...ile birlikte

1
birlikte (together with)
with ...ile
2
aracılığıyla (using)
with …sı olan, …ya sahip, …lı, …li

3
sahiplik (who has, which has, having) (X without)
to live with his grandparents
to go to Paris with his friends
to sterilize with alcohol
to wash with soap
a woman with green eyes
a house with a large garden
over
…üzerinde, …üzerinden, …üzerine
(place)
1
yer isimleriyle
over
…içerisinde, …boyunca, …dır, …dir
(time)
2
zaman ifadeleriyle
over
…üzerinde, …dan fazla
(adverb)
3
more than
4 over bitti, sona erdi
(adverb)
finished
to hold umbrella over his daughter
muscles all over the body
over the years
people over 80 kg
a country with over 75 million people
My exams are over by next weekend.
under
…altında
(place)
1
yer isimleriyle
under ...altında
2
yer olarak değil; soyut olarak bir şeyin altında
under yapılmakta, devam etmekte

3
Belirli isimlerle kullanıldığında devam etmekte şeklinde çevrilebilir.
under
…altında, …dan az
(adverb)
4
less than
to hide under the table
under the control of the government
under these conditions
The bridge is under construction.
under the age of 18
without …sız, …siz, …olmasaydı

1
not having, lacking (X with)
without + Ving …meden, …madan

2
Sonrasında gerund geldiğinde bu şekilde çevrilir. (X by+Ving)
They worked without a break.
an illness without a cure
Without water, we wouldn't survive.
I cannot study without listening to music.
1 within …içerisinde, …de, …da
(time)
belirtilen zaman dilimi içerisinde
within
…içerisinde, …de, …da
(place)
2
belirtilen yerin sınırları içerisinde
to finish within two days
within three weeks
There was no one within the building.
within the European Union
between
…arasında
(place & time)
1
belirli noktalar arasında
a bridge between Asia and Europe
the difference between a star and a planet
between 1960 and 1975
among
…arasında
(place)
1
Sonrasında çoğul isim veya topluluk ismi gelir.
causes of death among women
Can you see her among the crowd?
during
…de, …da, …boyunca, …sırasında, ...esnasında
(time)
1
Sadece zaman ifadeleriyle kullanılır.
during winter months
during the annual meeting
along
…boyunca
(place & direction)
1
Sadece yer isimleriyle kullanılır.
a romantic walk along the beach
trees along the road
throughout
…nın her yerinde
(place)
1
in every part of it, everywhere in
throughout
…boyunca
(time)
2
from the beginning to the end of
women throughout the world
throughout the entire book
throughout the history
throughout the night
through
…içinden, …den, …dan
(direction)
1
bir şeyin bir ucundan diğerinden çıkma
through …ile, …vasıtasıyla

2
using; by means of
to walk through the forest
go through the tunnel
to lose weight through diet
to communicate through telephone
towards
...e doğru
(direction)
1
yönelme
towards the south
a step towards happiness
into
…e, …a, …içine
(direction)
1
bir şeyin içine doğru yönelme
into …e, …a
2
Bir şeyin başka bir şeye dönüşümünü anlatır.
The rabbit escaped into the forest.
to get into the room
translate a poem into Turkish
onto
…e, …a, …üstüne
(direction)
1
bir şeyin üstüne doğru yönelme
He stepped onto the platform.
Put bowls onto the shelf
against ...e karşı

1
opposing
to fight against enemies
protection against infections
above
…üzerinde
(place)
1
seviye olarak üzerinde
5,000 m above sea level
temperatures above zero
below
...altında
(place)
1
seviye olarak altında
below the sea level
children below the age of 5
around
...etrafında
(place & direction)
1
yer ve yönelme
around
yaklaşık ...
(adverb)
2
approximately
around
var, mevcut
(adverb)
3
exists
to sit around the table
to revolve around the Earth
around 2 litres of water a day
Mobile phones are around for over a decade.
across
karşıdan karşıya
(direction)
1
from one side to the other
across
…her yerinde
(place)
2
yer isimleriyle
the shop across the street
to go across the road
all across the country
outside
…dışında, …dışarısında
(place)
1
not in
outside the room
outside the mating season
inside
…içinde, …de, …da
(place)
1
in or into
inside
…içinde, …de, …da
(time)
2
(+ duration of time)
the food inside the fridge
the computer inside the machine
inside a month
beyond
…ötesinde
(place)
1
bir şeyden uzakta
beyond …ötesinde, …meyecek kadar

2
bir şeyin sınırlarının, kapasitenin dışarısında
the area beyond those mountains
beyond the atmosphere
It is beyond my understanding.
away
(place & direction & ...dan uzak, uzağa
1 adverb)
somewhere else
far away from his home
The couple next door moved away.
out
dışarı
(adverb)
1
not in
go out with friends
It is very cold out, today.
out of
…dışında, …dan dışarı
(place & direction)
1
not in
out of …den, …dan

2
Bazı kelimelerle sebep anlamında kullanılır.
to jump out of the window
to ask out of curiosity
near
…yanında
(place)
1
close to
a hotel near the airport
Don't come too near me. I am Covid positive.
beside
…yanında
(place)
1
close to
to wait beside her
Come and sit here beside me.
1 next to
… bitişiğinde
(place)
very close to
the bank next to the station
Can I sit next to the window?
behind
...arkasında
(place)
1
in the back side of sth
She heard a sudden noise behind her.
the reason behind her failure
in front of
...nın önünde
(place)
1
in the front side of sth
in front of the building
in front of the mirror
opposite
…karşısında
(place)
1
facing
a house opposite the mosque
It is opposite the post office.
beneath
...altında
(place)
1
under
to sit beneath a tree
to hide the letter beneath the books
underneath
...altında
(place)
1
under
presents underneath the Christmas tree
He is wearing a T-shirt underneath his coat.
1 up yukarı
(direction)
towards higher position
up to …kadar, …varan
2
ya eşit ya da daha az; belirtilen miktarı geçmez
up to somebody birine kalmış, birine bağlı

3
onun sorumluluğunda
The sales went up last week.
put the plates up on the shelf
up to 40 percent of the citizens
It is up to you.
down
aşağı
(direction)
1
towards lower position
Don't look down! You'll get dizzy.
Can you please sit down?
off Belirli bir çevirisi yoktur. Kullanıldığı cümleye göre farklı şekillerde çevrilebilir.
1
uzaklaşma, uzak (away from)
off kapalı
2
kapalı, çalışmıyor, kapalı halde (not operating)
off izinli
3
izinli olmak, çalışmamak (not at work)
The thieves ran off.
to send off radiation
turn off the lights
I will take a week off next month.
after
...dan sonra
(time)
1
later than
Shall we go for a walk after breakfast?
after leaving the house
1 following ...dan sonra
(time)
later than
following the surgery
following the president’s speech
before
...dan önce
(time)
1
earlier than
before
daha önce
(adverb)
2
Bu anlamda genellikle cümle sonunda kullanılır.
before
…nın önünde
(place)
3
in front of something or somebody
before 17th century
before the lesson
I have never gone fishing before.
Bow before the king!
until
...e kadar
(time)
1
up to the point
until the invention of wheel
until the end of 17th century
till
...e kadar
(time)
1
up to the point
till about ten o'clock.
till the end of the month
since
...dan beri
(time)
1
from a particular time in the past
We’ve been waiting here since two o’clock.
since 1970s
than ...den, ...dan, ...e göre
1
karşılaştırma (comparative)
more important than money
You need that money more than I do.
as ...olarak
1
in the role, status or function of
He works as a police officer.
is known as Black Death
like ...gibi
1
example (örnek)
like ...gibi
2
similar to (benzetme)
predators like lions and tigers
fatty foods like cakes and biscuits
He looks like his brother.
The lamp was round, like a ball.
unlike ....nın aksine, …nın zıttına

1
İki şey arasındaki farklılığı ifade eder.
unlike his older brothers
unlike the rest of the class
despite ...e rağmen

1
zıtlık
despite all our efforts
I love him despite his faults.
notwithstanding …e rağmen
1
zıtlık
notwithstanding their small size
notwithstanding the end of the Cold War
considering
…yı düşünürsek, …yı göz önüne alırsak
given
1
"…e rağmen" ile yakın anlamlıdır.
She looks old considering her age.
Given her age, she is pretty healthy.
besides ...nın yanı sıra, ...ya ek olarak

1
ekleme (addition)
He was a poet besides being a military genius.
He knows three languages besides Turkish.
concerning
…ile ilgili, …hakkında, …konusunda
regarding
1
about
We have several questions concerning the

report.
Do you have any questions regarding this

matter?
including …dahil
1
part of
There'll be eighteen people at the party,

including you and me.
They stole everything in my purse, including my

credit cards.
excluding
except …hariç
1 excepting
not part of
The trip costs $1300, excluding airfare.
She invited everyone except Tom.
He answered all the questions excepting the last

one.
via ...aracılığıyla, ...üzerinden
1
through; using
I sent a message to Karen via her daughter.
We flew to Athens via Paris.
per …de, …da, her, …başına

1
each
How much does it cost per kilo?
a train travelling at 150 km per hour
versus ...e karşı

1
competing, fighting, compared
a match Pendikspor versus Fenerbahçe
driving versus cycling to work
plus artı
1
toplama
minus eksi
2
çıkarma
What is 1050 plus 50?
What is 121 minus 19?
Preposition Recognition > Introduction
1. "…ile" hangisidir? 11. "…etrafında" hangisidir?
A) under B) by A) onto B) beside

C) to D) of C) around D) in
2. "…açısından, …bakımından" hangisidir? 12. "yaklaşık" hangisidir?
A) beyond B) throughout A) throughout B) behind

C) in D) near C) against D) around
3. "…den uzak, …den uzağa " hangisidir? 13. "…e, …a" hangisidir?
A) near B) underneath A) by B) about

C) against D) away from C) around D) at
4. "…de, …da" hangisidir? 14. "…içinden, …den, …dan" hangisidir?
A) during B) through A) through B) towards

C) among D) opposite C) of D) on
5. "…ile, …vasıtasıyla" hangisidir? 15. "…içerisinde, …boyunca, …dır, …dir"

hangisidir?
A) as B) through
C) towards D) beyond A) to B) over
C) from D) upon
6. "…sız, …siz, …olmasaydı" hangisidir?

16. "…altında" hangisidir?
A) to B) without
C) beside D) upon A) of all B) around
C) below D) per
7. "…altında, …dan az" hangisidir?

17. "…de, …da, …deki, …daki" hangisidir?
A) through B) near
C) under D) beside A) on B) throughout
C) opposite D) into
8. "…e, …a, …içine" hangisidir?

18. "karşıdan karşıya" hangisidir?
A) about B) onto
C) within D) in A) along B) within
C) next to D) across
9. "…e doğru" hangisidir?

19. "…dır, …dir, …dur, …dür" hangisidir?
A) towards B) beyond
C) outside D) in front of A) per B) from
C) upon D) for
10. "…e karşı" hangisidir?

20. "…de, …da, …deki, …daki " hangisidir?
A) against B) without
C) below D) over A) around B) near
C) from D) in
21. "…nın her yerinde" hangisidir? 32. "…e, …a" hangisidir?
A) under B) throughout A) between B) to
C) upon D) in C) around D) underneath
22. "…için" hangisidir? 33. "…dışında" hangisidir?
A) about B) for A) out of B) at

C) on D) at C) beside D) among
23. "…olarak" hangisidir? 34. "…üzerinde" hangisidir?
A) as B) inside A) around B) above

C) within D) behind C) in D) throughout
24. "…içerisinde, …de, …da" hangisidir? 35. "…ötesinde, …meyecek kadar" hangisidir?
A) within B) with A) beneath B) to

C) beneath D) onto C) beyond D) beside
25. "…de, …da, …deki, …daki" hangisidir? 36. "yaklaşık" hangisidir?

A) below B) with A) about B) without
C) by D) at C) be of D) beneath
26. "…boyunca" hangisidir? 37. "…üzerine, …hakkında" hangisidir?
A) among B) around A) across B) through

C) next to D) along C) by D) on
27. "…den, …dan" hangisidir? 38. "…e, …a, …üzerine., …üstüne" hangisidir?
A) for B) from A) towards B) on

C) with D) at C) across D) below
28. "…e, …a, …içine" hangisidir? 39. "…yanında " hangisidir?
A) throughout B) with A) between B) on

C) among D) into C) near D) from
29. "…ın, …in" hangisidir? 40. "…hakkında, …ile ilgili" hangisidir?
A) of B) at A) against B) away from

C) to D) over C) into D) about
30. "…erek, …arak" hangisidir? 41. "…boyunca" hangisidir?

A) at B) on A) beneath B) onto
C) out of D) by C) throughout D) at
31. "…mek, …mek için" hangisidir? 42. "…ile" hangisidir?

A) in B) with A) in front of B) under
C) to D) over C) with D) inside
43. "…arasında" hangisidir? 47. "…üzerinde, …dan fazla" hangisidir?
A) around B) beyond A) under B) near
C) next to D) between C) from D) over
44. "…e kadar, …e gelindiğinde" hangisidir? 48. "…sı olan, …ya sahip, …lı, …li" hangisidir?
A) on B) by A) with B) along
C) under D) into C) for D) in
45. "…karşısında" hangisidir? 49. "…arasında, …içinde" hangisidir?
A) out of B) next to A) among B) above

C) opposite D) beneath C) without D) outside
46. "…arkasında" hangisidir? 50. "…tarafından, …nca" hangisidir?
A) opposite B) underneath A) into B) with

C) behind D) inside C) by D) between
Preposition Recognition > Homework
1. "…e, …a" hangisidir? 11. "…yanında" hangisidir?

A) away from B) at A) outside B) beneath
C) for D) by C) beside D) of all
2. "…ın, …in" hangisidir? 12. "…dan itibaren" hangisidir?
A) over B) from A) from / onwards B) from / to

C) as D) of C) throughout D) away from
3. "…her yerinde" hangisidir? 13. "…dan …ya kadar" hangisidir?

A) as B) on A) from / on B) outside
C) over D) across C) from / until D) on
4. "…yanında " hangisidir? 14. "…üzerine, …hakkında" hangisidir?
A) above B) near A) through B) opposite

C) to D) as C) on D) without
5. "…ile, …vasıtasıyla" hangisidir? 15. "…içerisinde, …de, …da" hangisidir?
A) through B) away from A) within B) of

C) beyond D) along C) above D) beyond
6. "…ile, …vasıtasıyla" hangisidir? 16. "…tarafından, …nca" hangisidir?
A) as B) upon A) by B) between
C) along D) through C) at D) with
7. "…olarak" hangisidir? 17. "…mek, …mek için" hangisidir?

A) as B) throughout A) to B) in
C) onto D) inside C) over D) by
8. "…de, …da, …deki, …daki " hangisidir? 18. "…etrafında" hangisidir?

A) in B) from A) around B) within
C) around D) along C) across D) away from
9. "…e, …a, …üzerine., …üstüne" hangisidir? 19. "…yanında " hangisidir?

A) without B) on A) for B) above
C) across D) through C) through D) near
10. "…den sonra, …nın üzerine" hangisidir? 20. "…e, …a, …üzerine., …üstüne" hangisidir?
A) without B) under A) from B) across

C) throughout D) on C) during D) on
21. "…e, …a, …içine" hangisidir? 32. "…her yerinde" hangisidir?
A) about B) in A) as B) from
C) beyond D) on C) across D) beyond
22. "…tarafından, …nca" hangisidir? 33. "…de, …da, …deki, …daki" hangisidir?
A) in B) from A) in front of B) onto
C) under D) by C) at D) among
23. "…boyunca" hangisidir? 34. "yaklaşık" hangisidir?

A) throughout B) outside A) beneath B) opposite
C) among D) against C) about D) within
24. "…e, …a, …üstüne" hangisidir? 35. "… bitişiğinde" hangisidir?
A) next to B) onto A) in front of B) next to

C) as D) behind C) opposite D) towards
25. "…içinde, …de, …da" hangisidir? 36. "…ile" hangisidir?
A) inside B) above A) during B) with

C) outside D) during C) inside D) over
26. "…arasında" hangisidir? 37. "…dan …ya" hangisidir?
A) between B) against A) beyond B) from / to

C) across D) beyond C) per D) near
27. "…sı olan, …ya sahip, …lı, …li" hangisidir? 38. "…içinden, …den, …dan" hangisidir?
A) along B) per A) to B) through

C) with D) during C) into D) outside
28. "…üzerine, …hakkında" hangisidir? 39. "…e, …a, …içine" hangisidir?

A) beside B) by A) outside B) opposite
C) underneath D) on C) in D) of all
29. "…sız, …siz, …olmasaydı" hangisidir? 40. "…içerisinde, …boyunca, …dır, …dir"
hangisidir?
A) through B) without
C) of all D) in front of A) over B) upon
C) between D) below
30. "…dan …ya" hangisidir?

41. "…de, …da, …deki, …daki" hangisidir?
A) beneath B) from / to
C) per D) without A) on B) opposite
C) above D) as
31. "…ile" hangisidir?
A) of B) near
C) in front of D) with
42. "…nın her yerinde" hangisidir? 52. "…içinde, …de, …da" hangisidir?
A) into B) among A) during B) without

C) per D) throughout C) at D) inside
43. "…dan …ya kadar" hangisidir? 53. "…e, …a, …içine" hangisidir?
A) from / until B) from / on A) of B) between

C) along D) in C) into D) onto
44. "…açısından, …bakımından" hangisidir? 54. "…e, …a" hangisidir?
A) to B) in A) away from B) without

C) upon D) on C) at D) upon
45. "…boyunca" hangisidir? 55. "…e doğru" hangisidir?
A) along B) for A) towards B) beyond

C) about D) around C) without D) about
46. "…nın her yerinde" hangisidir? 56. "…dışında, …dışarısında" hangisidir?

A) beside B) under A) outside B) near
C) throughout D) per C) per D) along
47. "…den uzak, …den uzağa " hangisidir? 57. "yaklaşık" hangisidir?
A) away from B) of all A) behind B) next to
C) near D) against C) on D) around
48. "…ötesinde, …meyecek kadar" hangisidir? 58. "…altında " hangisidir?
A) over B) beyond A) of B) within

C) beneath D) between C) inside D) beneath
49. "…ötesinde, …meyecek kadar" hangisidir? 59. "…arasında, …içinde" hangisidir?
A) beside B) beyond A) throughout B) around

C) within D) with C) against D) among
50. "…üzerinde, …dan fazla" hangisidir? 60. "karşıdan karşıya" hangisidir?
A) over B) under A) onto B) for

C) between D) among C) opposite D) across
51. "… arasında, ...içinde" hangisidir?
A) during B) of all
C) to D) under
Preposition Block > Introduction
1: the astronauts in a spaceship high above the sky 6: a profound effect on the economic status of
TR: countries
TR:
2: the effectiveness and safety of alternative

therapies for depression
7: through the study of animal behaviour
TR:
TR:
8: around 33 percent of trash in the United States

TR:
3: a new approach to treatment of the disease
TR:
9: the fertile lands around the lake

TR:
4: the sudden increase in the number of books in
the library
TR:
10: concerned with the prevention of dental disease
TR:
5: another function of human resource management

TR:
Preposition Block > Homework
1: the temperature of the water in an aquarium 10: the most outstanding innovation in the field of
TR: communication
TR:
2: a fishing boat about a mile off the shore

TR:
11: vitally important for the sustenance of human
life
TR:
3: a country with a population of over 70 million
people
TR:
12: treatment for cancer patients from other

countries
TR:
4: an educated woman in this part of the world
TR:
13: the mortality rate among cancer patients

TR:
5: the entrance of the Soviet Union into the war
against Japan
TR:
14: resistant to damage from exposure to the sun

TR:
6: the various causes behind headaches at night

TR:
15: inequality in the distribution of income across
the country
TR:
7: the differences between the old and new culture

TR:
16: quite difficult for developing countries without

fossil fuel reserves
TR:
8: medical waste from hospitals
TR:
9: a clear distinction between learning and

performance at school
17: at different stages in human life
TR:
TR:
18: essential facts about planet Earth

TR:
19: an important source of food for humans in poor, 23: newly discovered islands in deep water off the
arid regions coast of Brazil
TR: TR:
20: a remedy against indigestion 24: the significance of teachers in our lives
TR: TR:
21: the possible causes of mental fatigue

TR: 25: the huge volume of trade with China
TR:
22: beneath the surface of the Indian Ocean

TR:
Verb + Preposition Block > Introduction
1: to undergo a lot of changes over the past few 6: to increase awareness among the public about
years the social issues
TR: TR:
2: to educate young people about healthy

relationships 7: to eliminate all obstacles to the free flow of traffic
TR: TR:
3: to assess the effects of soil erosion on 8: to sign a deal with the Union of Soviet Socialist
agricultural productivity Republics
TR: TR:
4: to migrate towards the south at the beginning of 9: to travel outside the Earth's atmosphere
the autumn TR:
TR:
10: to clear all the pollution off the shore

TR:
5: to keep unwanted guests outside the colony

TR:
Verb + Preposition Block > Homework
1: to test vaccine on human volunteers 9: to provide shelter against predators

TR: TR:
2: to protect your skin against damage from the sun 10: to increase significantly over the past 12 years
in summer months TR:
TR:
11: to stay in a hospital for an extra day

TR:
3: to graduate from high school
TR:
12: to facilitate communication between businesses

TR:
4: to exercise during pregnancy
TR:
13: to raise awareness among people about the

importance of clean water
5: to make a political speech in front of people TR:
without fault
TR:
14: to analyse investment opportunities in

6: to contribute to breast cancer numerous markets throughout the world
TR: TR:
7: to cause 20 per cent to 60 per cent deaths per

year in the United States
TR:
15: to cause infection inside the wound

TR:
8: to throw out of windows onto the street

TR:
Preposition Block Activity > Introduction
a valuable contribution ---- the field ---- medicine
1 A) of / to B) to / of Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
---- sell out in the auction ---- minutes
2 A) within / to B) to / within Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
to defend freedom of religion ---- people ---- all faiths
3 A) from / for B) for / from Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
the primary determining factor ---- the outcome ---- an election
4 A) behind / in B) in / behind Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
to walk ---- the trees ---- their children
5 A) under / with B) with / under Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
blood as an important symbol ---- the plays ---- Shakespeare
6 A) in / of B) of / in Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
dangerous ---- patients ---- kidney damage
7 A) with / for B) for / with Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
to add moisture ---- the air ---- boiling water
8 A) into / by B) by / into Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
a lack ---- awareness ---- people
9 A) among / of B) of / among Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
10 to translate ---- 25 different languages ---- 35 countries
A) into / in B) in / into Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
Preposition Block Activity > Homework
vital ---- success ---- all business
1 A) for / in B) in / for Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
to carry the goods ---- the Silk Road ---- caravans
2 A) by / along B) along / by Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
experimental research ---- social learning ---- psychology
3 A) in / into B) into / in Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
to prevent the release ---- pollutants ---- the air
4 A) of / into B) into / of Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
the development ---- science ---- the world
5 A) in / of B) of / in Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
to cut pieces ---- wood ---- various shapes and sizes
6 A) into / of B) of / into Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
the communication ---- people ---- different companies and governments
7 A) between / in B) in / between Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
to make major contributions ---- the fight ---- terror
8 A) against / to B) to / against Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
serious effects ---- lack of vitamins and minerals ---- the developing brains of young children
9 A) on / of B) of / on Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
10 to provide information ---- the primary activities ---- a business
A) about / of B) of / about Doğru Cevap
Çeviri:
Unit Words Review > Vocabulary
No Soru Kökü A B C D Cevap
1 birlik, sendika rest union star work
2 önem treatment biscuit end significance

edebiyat, yazılı, basılı
3 people military September literature
bilgi
4 bölge difficult region table medicine
5 ani teacher shore sudden tiger
6 konu, madde kidney matter language give
7 neden, mantık reason school invite enemy
8 yazar author floor mental entrance
9 deha throw genius green speech
10 sabun soap survive quite eliminate
11 hazımsızlık speed gun sun indigestion
12 ada sustenance step resistant island
13 endişeli, ilgili illness concerned poem infection
mesele, sayı (dergi,
14 valuable developing issue please
gazete)
15 yararlanmak benefit diet skin medicine
16 başarısızlık open computer failure reserve
17 gelir symbol green income significance
18 satış, indirim mirror improvement autumn sale
19 nüfus child prevention cheap population
20 hamilelik trash wind pregnancy work
21 güvenlik freedom income safety plate
22 farklı step different lose driving
23 göç etmek sale noise speed migrate
24 insan people human look language
25 yıllık annual cheap entire fault
26 yayılmak spread grandparent autumn want
27 beslenme sky round language nutrition
28 maruz kalmak improvement important tunnel undergo
29 davranış cure study behaviour officer
30 kan, soy king blood learning fridge
31 sığınak function inequality shelter dental
32 keşif several September level discovery
33 kolaylaştırmak primary wait invite facilitate
34 akış, akın arid flow fatigue faith
35 benzer public window similar question
36 silah goods high gun get in
37 yağlı election deep outcome fatty
38 durum, koşul, rahatsızlık test communicate population condition
39 ticaret, iş condition important trade resource
40 yüzyıl analyse food function century
41 dinlenme, geri kalanı weight stay field rest
42 koruma developing pollution protection winter
43 yüzey depression everyone listen surface
44 seçim election erosion positive issue
45 derin deep wound library facilitate
46 dirençli war resistant garden discovery
47 ucuz blood volume party cheap
48 inşaat keep ask free construction
49 mal fight goods shore night
50 yırtıcı hayvan hour predator traffic come
51 hasta patient sign guest round
52 mümkün various possible report worker
53 devasa increase auction fly tremendous
54 gerekli grandparent author essential exam
55 önleme umbrella prevention hospital past
56 aşama, sahne concerned stage contribute to old
57 yara significantly behaviour far wound
58 sağlamak provide deal business play
59 nem genius increase moisture cake
60 halk dizzy government public bank
61 düşman culture soil mating enemy
62 bütün hospital entire president need
63 kalabalık curiosity income airfare crowd
64 hayati derecede election water vitally end
65 yoğunluk density assess window performance
66 israf, atık movie waste concerned facilitate
67 okyanus test ocean infection floor
68 fırlatmak throw friend woman waste
69 din percent lose take off religion
çıkarmak (kıyafet), kalkış
70 breast take off factory investment
71 dönüş, kâr platform fridge return developing
72 göndermek winter send speech market
73 sürekli, sabit treatment positive constant shelter
74 yaklaşım, yaklaşma look like market approach damage
75 mâl olmak send off fly worker cost
76 zor difficult volunteer chat driving
77 misafir down profound guest cycling
78 icat, uydurma matter invention carefully officer
79 arazi, alan disease fuel field minute
80 artmak sustenance trade increase auction
81 merak colony play lake curiosity
82 yatırım solar party surgery investment
83 kule tower book lack minute
84 önemli ölçüde field cycling significantly past
85 sıcaklık temperature new sell out deep
86 eğitmek educate room management plate
87 yenilik innovation high migrate investment
88 tekerlek, direksiyon fatty wheel recent fuel
89 anlaşma deal air weight need
90 önemli throw walk survive important
iletişim kurmak, (hastalık)
91 distant educated communicate see
bulaştırmak
maruz kalma, açığa
92 çıkarma, poz exposure rabbit control business
(fotoğrafçılıkta)
93 bitkinlik fatigue escape letter unwanted
94 tedavi, muamele stay work report treatment
95 çalmak steal far benefit area
96 fırsat safety opportunity island relationship
yok etmek, saf dışı
97 opportunity then eliminate street
bırakmak
98 kıyı shore cold war go up biscuit
99 ölüm oranı, fanilik failure mortality shop mountain
100 zemin, kat, alan floor trip street weight
Unit Words Review > Collocation
change lose scientific undergo mortality

vitally profound fertile resources answer
awareness issue eliminate provide significantly
facilitate raise valuable go developing
Fill in the blanks with the words above.
1 ---- study bilimsel çalışma

2 climate ---- iklim değişikliği
3 ---- weight kilo kaybetmek/kilo vermek
4 ---- fishing balığa çıkmak
5 ---- question soruyu cevaplamak
6 human ---- insan kaynakları
7 ---- effect derin/büyük etki
8 ---- land verimli arazi
9 ---- important hayati derecede önemli
10 ---- rate ölüm oranı
11 ---- country gelişmekte olan ülke
12 ---- change değişiklik geçirmek
13 increase ---- farkındalığı arttırmak
14 social ---- toplumsal mesele
15 ---- obstacle engeli ortadan kaldırmak
16 ---- shelter barınak sağlamak
17 increase ---- önemli derecede artmak
18 ---- communication iletişimi kolaylaştırmak
19 ---- awareness farkındalığı artırmak
20 ---- contribution değerli katkı
Unit Words Review > Preposition
Fiil in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
1 increase ---- ...da artış
2 ---- ... speed ... hızda
3 essential ---- …için gerekli

4 benefit ---- …dan faydalanmak/yararlanmak
5 ---- the years yıllar boyunca
6 ---- ... conditions ... şartlar altında
7 ---- a break aralıksız / molasız
8 ---- the world dünyanın her yerinde
9 protection ---- ...ya karşı koruma
10 ---- understanding anlaşılmayacak derecede
11 ---- curiosity meraktan
12 reason ---- arkasındaki sebep
13 ---- hour saatte
14 effect ---- …üzerinde etki
15 difference ---- …arasındaki fark
16 exposure ---- …ya maruz kalma
17 ---- the surface yüzeyin altında
18 ---- the coast açıklarında
19 migrate ---- ... doğru göç etmek
20 awareness ---- …arasında farkındalık
21 ---- pregnancy hamilelikte
22 ---- minutes dakikalar içerisinde
23 patient ---- ... hastalığı olan hasta
24 lack ---- ... eksikliği
25 translate ---- ...ya çevirmek
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Preposition ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Present Tenses
• Unit Words
• Irregular Verbs
• Table of Present Tenses
• Form Recognition 1
• Meaning Recognition
• Example Sentences
• Present Tense Questions

Vocabulary
average (adj): ortalama, vasat plant (n): bitki, santral
big (adj): büyük rarely (adv): nadiren
flat (adj): düz, patlak (lastik), mayasız, fall asleep (pv): uykuya dalmak
sıkıcı, gazı kaçmış cheap (adj): ucuz
special (adj): özel cold (adj): soğuk, ilgisiz
traditional (adj): geleneksel quiet (adj): sessiz
always (adv): daima, tekrar tekrar (şikayet) constantly (adv): sürekli olarak
still (adv): hâlâ, yine de next (adv): daha sonra
usually (adv): genellikle tonight (adv, n): bu gece
age (n): yaş, çağ brother (n): erkek kardeş
coffee (n): kahve children (n): çocuklar
concert (n): konser city (n): şehir
dress (n): elbise course (n): kurs, yemek, saha, gidişat
earth (n): dünya, toprak dinner (n): akşam yemeği
ghost (n): hayalet homework (n): ödev
holiday (n): tatil job (n): iş
hour (n): saat month (n): ay
language (n): dil parent (n): ebeveyn
meal (n): öğün room (n): oda, alan
minute (n): dakika, an semester (n): yarıyıl
morning (n): sabah song (n): şarkı, ötüş
person (n): kişi outside (n): dışarısı
sun (n): güneş everything (pron): her şey
sunlight (n): güneş ışığı complain (v): şikayet etmek
train (n): tren fly (v): uçmak, uçakla gitmek, hızlıca
umbrella (n): şemsiye ayrılmak
world (n): dünya move (v): hareket etmek, taşınmak,

duygulandırmak
believe (v): inanmak
play (v): oynamak, çalmak (müzik aleti), rol
carry (v): taşımak almak
drink (v): içmek, içki içmek sleep (v): uyumak
grow (v): büyümek smoke (v): (sigara vs) içmek, tütsülemek
know (v): bilmek study (v): çalışmak (ders), incelemek
leave (v): ayrılmak, bırakmak take (v): almak, (süre) almak
need (v): ihtiyaç duymak order (v): sipariş vermek, emretmek,

düzen vermek
revolve (v): etrafında dönmek
in front of (prep): ...nın önünde
start (v): başlamak, (iş) kurmak, (araç)
çalıştırmak these days (adv): bugünlerde
turn off (pv): kapatmak (elektrikli aleti), salary (n): maaş
sapmak (yol)
sea (n): deniz
favourite (adj, n): favori
telephone (n): telefon
awful (adj): berbat, müthiş
long (adj): uzun
traffic (n): trafik, kaçakçılık
new (adj): yeni
vacation (n): tatil
pleasant (adj): hoş
vegetarian (n): vejetaryen
relaxed (adj): rahat
wall (n): duvar
steady (adj): devamlı, sabit
weather (n): hava durumu
technological (adj): teknolojik
week (n): hafta
wet (adj): ıslak, yağmurlu
year (n): yıl
wonderful (adj): harika
twice (adv): iki kez
already (adv): çoktan
several (q): birkaç
ever (adv): şimdiye kadar (hiç)
attend (v): katılmak, dikkatini vermek
lately (adv): son zamanlarda
begin (v): başlamak
never (adv): asla
climb (v): tırmanmak, artmak
now (adv, n): şimdi, hemen
happen (v): meydana gelmek
recently (adv): son zamanlarda
invent (v): icat etmek, uydurmak
yet (adv): henüz
look (v): bakmak, görünmek
today (adv): bugün
lose (v): kaybetmek
accident (n): kaza, tesadüf
maintain (v): devam ettirmek, bakım
ankle (n): ayak bileği yapmak, iddia etmek
aunt (n): teyze/hala paint (v): boyamak
beginning (n): başlangıç publish (v): yayımlamak

book (n): kitap rain (v): yağmur yağmak
cigarette (n): sigara read (v): okumak
class (n): sınıf (okul), ders, sınıf (toplum) receive (v): almak
country (n): ülke, taşra return (v): geri dönmek
day (n): gün, gündüz see (v): görmek, anlamak, ziyaret etmek
decline (n): azalma, gerileme snow (v): kar yağmak

distance (n): mesafe stop (v): durmak, engellemek
home (n): ev, yurt twist (v): çevirmek

house (n): ev visit (v): ziyaret etmek
innovation (n): yenilik walk (v): yürümek
key (n): anahtar, tuş write (v): yazmak

letter (n): mektup, harf seaside (n): deniz kenarı
life (n): hayat last (adj): son, geçen
relationship (n): ilişki times (adv): çarpı, defa

reply (n): cevap hear from (pv): (birinden) haber almak
so far (adv): şimdiye kadar infection (n): enfeksiyon
a number of (q): çok sayıda ... pharmacy (n): eczane, eczacılık

get in (pv): girmek photosynthesis (n): fotosentez
put aside (pv): bir kenara koymak planet (n): gezegen
before (adv): daha önce population (n): nüfus

dirty (adj): kirli, alçak, açık saçık rate (n): oran, ücret
muddy (adj): çamurlu severity (n): ciddiyet, sertlik
tired (adj): yorgun, bıkmış species (n): tür (canlı)

the same (adv): aynı şekilde student (n): öğrenci
bridge (n): köprü, briç technology (n): teknoloji

cold (n): soğuk algınlığı treatment (n): tedavi, muamele
eye (n): göz, iğne deliği wedding (n): düğün
road (n): yol thousand (num): bin

village (n): köy experience (v): tecrübe etmek
worker (n): işçi increase (v): artmak
ache (v): ağrımak make (v): yapmak, yaptırmak, varmak
bear (v): tahammül etmek, taşımak, numerous (adj): çok sayıda

doğurmak
turn into (pv): dönüşmek
consider (v): düşünmek
take place (pv): meydana gelmek
drive (v): (araba) sürmek, harekete
geçirmek depend on (pv): bağlı olmak, güvenmek
finish (v): bitirmek spring up (pv): türemek, baş göstermek
quit (v): pes etmek agricultural (adj): tarımsal
repair (v): onarmak environmental (adj): çevresel
sit (v): oturmak, sınava girmek high (adj): yüksek, kafayı bulmuş
want (v): istemek, gerekmek important (adj): önemli
wash (v): yıkamak irreversible (adj): geri dönüşü olmayan
work (v): çalışmak, işe yaramak lost (adj): kayıp
live in (pv): ...da yaşamak natural (adj): doğal, normal
move out (pv): taşınmak poor (adj): fakir, yetersiz, zavallı
catastrophic (adj): feci recent (adj): son zamanlardaki
global (adj): küresel almost (adv): neredeyse
currently (adv): şu anda differently (adv): farklı şekilde
mainly (adv): başlıca greatly (adv): büyük ölçüde
art (n): sanat, beceri nearly (adv): neredeyse
carbon dioxide (n): karbondioksit only (adv): sadece
extinction (n): nesli tükenme significantly (adv): önemli ölçüde
food (n): yiyecek advantage (n): avantaj
gum (n): diş eti, sakız, zamk Amnesty International (n): Uluslararası Af
Örgütü
human (n): insan
century (n): yüzyıl drop (v): düşürmek, azalmak, bırakmak,
arabayla bırakmak
change (n): değişiklik, para üstü
expand (v): genişlemek
charge (n): ücret, suçlama, sorumluluk,
hücum, şarj expect (v): ummak
climate (n): iklim fight (v): kavga etmek, mücadele etmek,

savaşmak
comet (n): kuyruklu yıldız
marry (v): evlenmek
damage (n): hasar
orbit (v): yörüngede dönmek
decade (n): on yıl
use (v): kullanmak
economy (n): ekonomi
widen (v): genişletmek
environment (n): çevre, ortam
mistake (n): hata
expectancy (n): beklenti
make up (pv): oluşturmak, uydurmak, telafi
failure (n): başarısızlık etmek, makyaj yapmak, barışmak
heart (n): kalp, merkez, cesaret account for (pv): oluşturmak, açıklamasını
yapmak
human rights (n): insan hakları
search for (pv): aramak
idiot (n): aptal
warm (adj): ılık, sıcak tutan, içten
income (n): gelir
just (adv): az önce, sadece, tam olarak
level (n): seviye
boy (n): erkek çocuk
marriage (n): evlilik
clothes (n): giysi
media (n): medya
doll (n): oyuncak bebek
oil (n): petrol, yağ
door (n): kapı
poverty (n): yoksulluk
evening (n): akşam
power (n): güç, enerji
floor (n): zemin, kat, alan
productivity (n): verim
friend (n): arkadaş
race (n): yarış, ırk
interruption (n): sözünü vb. kesme
lesson (n): ders
role (n): görev, rol
newspaper (n): gazete
satellite (n): (yapay) uydu
park (n): park
shareholder (n): hissedar
society (n): toplum, dernek
success (n): başarı
son (n): erkek evlat
without (prep): ...sız, ...meden, ...
tax (n): vergi
olmasaydı
water (n): su
enjoy (v): hoşlanmak, keyfini sürmek
wind (n): rüzgâr, gaz (mide, bağırsak)
go (v): gitmek
yield (n): verim
knock (v): vurmak, devirmek
advance (v): ilerlemek
learn (v): öğrenmek
affect (v): etkilemek
lie (v): uzanmak
cause (v): sebep olmak
meet (v): buluşmak, tanışmak, gidermek
commit (v): suç işlemek, adamak, (hapise,
wake (v): uyanmak
hastane) göndermek
every day (adv): her gün come (v): gelmek
early (adj): erken, başları cry (v): ağlamak, bağırmak
great (adj): büyük, mükemmel develop (v): gelişmek, ortaya çıkmak

whole (q): bütün eat (v): yemek
next (adj): sonraki fail (v): kalmak (sınav), başarısız olmak,

arızalanmak, yüzüstü bırakmak
once (adv): bir kez, bir zamanlar
feel (v): hissetmek
very (adv): çok
flow (v): akmak
tomorrow (adv, n): yarın
hear (v): duymak
but (trans): ama
heat (v): ısıtmak
so (trans): bu yüzden
listen (v): dinlemek
before (conj, prep): ...dan önce
melt (v): erimek
every (q): her
promise (v): söz vermek, gelecek vaat
apple (n): elma etmek
area (n): bölge, yüz ölçümü remain (v): kalmak
breakfast (n): kahvaltı run (v): koşmak, yönetmek, akmak, sefer
yapmak, çalıştırmak
car (n): araba, vagon
say (v): söylemek
exam (n): sınav
sweat (v): terlemek
fixture (n): sabit eşya
think (v): düşünmek
garden (n): bahçe
win (v): kazanmak
gas (n): gaz, doğal gaz, benzin
congratulations (n): tebrikler!
grandparent (n): dede/nine
early (adv): erken
guest (n): misafir
get up (pv): kalkmak (yataktan), ayağa
list (n): liste
kalmak
money (n): para
break down (pv): bozulmak, parçalamak,
nephew (n): yeğen (erkek) kendini tutamayıp ağlamak
party (n): parti (eğlence), parti (siyasi), go out (pv): dışarı çıkmak, flört etmek,
taraf çekilmek (gelgit), sönmek (ışık, ateş)
past (adj, n): geçmiş Goodbye! (excl): Güle güle
river (n): nehir Collocations

snow (n): kar average person : ortalama insan
summer (n): yaz mevsimi traditional dress : geleneksel kıyafet
tea (n): çay do homework : ödev yapmak
trip (n): gezi little brother : küçük (erkek) kardeş
work (n): iş, çalışma take course : seyrinde gitmek/ders almak
since (prep): ...den beri get cheap : ucuzlamak
everybody (pron): herkes get cold : soğumak
ask (v): sormak, istemek next month : gelecek ay
blow (v): esmek, üflemek, patlamak several times : birkaç kez
change (v): değişmek, (para) bozdurmak paint wall : duvarı boyamak
this week : bu hafta wind power : rüzgar gücü/enerjisi
short story : kısa öykü respond differently : farklı cevap vermek

traffic accident : trafik kazası heart failure : kalp yetmezliği
receive reply : cevap almak have a cold : üşütmek
long distance relationship : uzun mesafe fitness centre : spor salonu

ilişki
best friend : en iyi arkadaş
smoke cigarette : sigara içmek
fail exam : sınavı geçememek
last year : geçen yıl
go into decline : düşüşe geçmek

Prepositions
with age : yaş ile, yıllandıkça
write letter : mektup yazmak
revolve around : ...etrafında dönmek
steady temperature : sabit sıcaklık
in the morning : sabahleyin
technological innovation : teknolojik
yenilik believe in : ... (nın varlığına) inanmak
muddy road : çamurlu yol complain about : …konusunda şikayet
etmek
wash the dishes : bulaşık yıkamak
at the end of sth : bir şeyin sonunda
have rest : dinlenmek
move to : ...ya taşınmak
take medicine : ilaç almak
write to : yazmak
big house : büyük ev
return from : ...dan (geri) dönmek
global population : küresel nüfus
on holiday : tatilde
increase steadily : sürekli olarak artmak
on Earth : Dünya'da
change life : yaşam tarzını değiştirmek
on the computer : bilgisayarda
environmental tax : çevre vergisi
throughout ... century : ... yüzyıl boyunca
become issue : sorun olmak
in a ... way : ... bir şekilde
human rights : insan hakları
in the world : dünyada
life expectancy : ömür | yaşam
süresi/beklentisi fight for : …için savaşmak
increase greatly : büyük ölçüde arttırmak damage to : …ya hasar
important role : önemli rol power for : ... için güç
agricultural productivity : tarımsal thousands of : binlerce ...
üretkenlik
respond to : …ya cevap, tepki vermek
climate change : iklim değişikliği
at a ... rate : ... bir oranda
global warming : küresel ısınma
at the moment : şu anda
cause damage : hasar vermek
think about : ...yapmayı düşünmek,
big mistake : büyük hata ...hakkında düşünmek
Irregular Verbs > List of Irregular Verbs
V1 V2 V3 TR
arise arose arisen ortaya çıkmak, doğmak
be [am | is | are] was | were been olmak
bear bore borne taşımak, doğurmak
beat beat beaten yenmek, dövmek
become became become olmak
begin began begun başlamak
bend bent bent bükmek
bet bet bet bahse girmek
bid bid bid fiyat teklif etmek
bind bound bound bağlamak
bite bit bitten ısırmak
bleed bled bled kanamak
blow blew blown üflemek, esmek
break broke broken kırmak
breed bred bred beslemek
bring brought brought getirmek
build built built inşa etmek
burn burned | burnt burned | burnt yanmak
burst burst burst patlamak
buy bought bought satın almak
cast cast cast fırlatmak
catch caught caught yakalamak
choose chose chosen seçmek
cling clung clung tutunmak, yapışmak
come came come gelmek
cost cost cost mâl olmak
creep crept crept sürünmek
cut cut cut kesmek
deal dealt dealt ile ilgilenmek, baş etmek
dig dug dug kazmak
do did done yapmak
draw drew drawn çizmek, çekmek
dream dreamed | dreamt dreamed | dreamt hayal etmek
drink drank drunk içmek
drive drove driven sürmek, itmek
dwell dwelt dwelt ikamet etmek
eat ate eaten yemek
fall fell fallen düşmek
feed fed fed beslemek
feel felt felt hissetmek
fight fought fought savaşmak
find found found bulmak
flee fled fled kaçmak
fly flew flown uçmak
forbid forbade forbidden yasaklamak
forget forgot forgotten | forgot unutmak
forgive forgave forgiven affetmek
freeze froze frozen donmak, dondurmak
get got got elde etmek
give gave given vermek
go went gone gitmek
grind ground ground öğütmek
grow grew grown büyümek
hang hung hung asmak
have had had sahip olmak
hear heard heard duymak
hide hid hidden saklamak
hit hit hit vurmak
hold held held tutmak
hurt hurt hurt yaralamak, incitmek
keep kept kept tutmak
kneel knelt knelt diz çökmek
know knew known bilmek
lay laid laid koymak
lead led led yol açmak
learn learned | learnt learned | learnt öğrenmek
leave left left terk etmek
lend lent lent ödünç vermek
let let let izin vermek
lie lay lain uzanmak
light lit lit yakmak
lose lost lost kaybetmek
make made made yapmak
mean meant meant …anlamına gelmek
meet met met buluşmak, karşılaşmak
mistake mistook mistaken yanılmak, karıştırmak
overcome overcame overcome üstesinden gelmek
pay paid paid ödemek
prove proved proved | proven kanıtlamak
put put put koymak
quit quit quit çıkmak, bırakmak
read read read okumak
rid rid rid kurtulmak
ride rode ridden sürmek
ring rang rung çalmak
rise rose risen yükselmek
run ran run koşmak
saw sawed sawn kesmek (testere)
say said said söylemek
see saw seen görmek
seek sought sought istemek
sell sold sold satmak
send sent sent göndermek
set set set koymak, ayarlamak
sew sewed sewn dikiş dikmek
shake shook shaken sallamak
shed shed shed dökmek
shine shone shone parlamak
shoot shot shot vurmak
show showed shown göstermek
shrink shrank shrunk küçülmek, çekmek
shut shut shut kapatmak
sing sang sung (şarkı) söylemek
sink sank sunk batmak
sit sat sat oturmak
sleep slept slept uyumak
slide slid slid kaymak
smell smelled | smelt smelled | smelt kokmak, koklamak
speak spoke spoken konuşmak
speed sped sped hızlanmak
spend spent spent harcamak
spin spun spun dönmek
spit spat spat tükürmek
split split split ayırmak
spread spread spread yaymak
spring sprang sprung ortaya çıkmak
stand stood stood dikilmek
steal stole stolen çalmak
stick stuck stuck yapışmak
sting stung stung sokmak
stink stank stunk kokmak
stride strode stridden yürüyerek geçmek
strike struck struck çarpmak
strive strove striven çabalamak
swear swore sworn yemin etmek, küfretmek
sweep swept swept süpürmek, yok etmek
swell swelled swollen şişmek
swim swam swum yüzmek
swing swung swung sallanmak
take took taken almak
teach taught taught öğretmek
tear tore torn yırtmak
tell told told söylemek
think thought thought düşünmek
throw threw thrown atmak
thrust thrust thrust itmek
undergo underwent undergone maruz kalmak, geçirmek
understand understood understood anlamak
undertake undertook undertaken üzerine almak
wake woke woken uyanmak
wear wore worn giymek
wet wet wet ıslatmak
win won won kazanmak
wind wound wound sarmak, dolamak
withdraw withdrew withdrawn geri çekmek, çekilmek
write wrote written yazmak
Irregular Verbs > Irregular Verbs Activity
Tablodaki boşlukları uygun fiil çekimi ile doldurunuz.
V1 V2 V3 TR
leave left
learn learned | learnt
fight fought
bid bid
bear borne
smell smelled | smelt
lay laid
swim swum
spread spread
eat eaten
keep kept
overcome overcome
beat beat
take took
know known
pay paid
put put
hold held
slide slid
come come
prove proved
sink sank
wind wound
blow blew
have had
become became
find found
ring rung
give gave
rid rid
teach taught
make made
swell swollen
light lit
tear tore
burst burst
buy bought
grind ground
stink stunk
rise rose
build built
hit hit
lie lay
sweep swept
wake woke
forgive forgiven
drive drove
forget forgot
catch caught
wear worn
win won
sew sewn
shut shut
lose lost
show showed
shake shook
sing sang
bend bent
bind bound
bite bit
burn burned | burnt
do did
arise arisen
spit spat
lend lent
mistake mistook
hide hidden
throw thrown
stride strode
forbid forbade
saw sawed
feel felt
withdraw withdrawn
spend spent
draw drawn
dwell dwelt
shed shed
undertake undertaken
freeze frozen
sting stung
wet wet
bring brought
see saw
feed fed
bet bet
cost cost
seek sought
dig dug
swear sworn
sell sold
ride rode
drink drunk
dream dreamed | dreamt
read read
speak spoken
bleed bled
swing swung
speed sped
deal dealt
understand understood
think thought
say said
choose chose
kneel knelt
undergo undergone
write wrote
run run
meet met
creep crept
steal stole
get got
hear heard
shoot shot
go gone
fall fell
stick stuck
break broken
shine shone
spring sprung
breed bred
shrink shrunk
cut cut
quit quit
strive strove
flee fled
hang hung
cast cast
send sent
let let
mean meant
sit sun
split split
thrust thrust
fly flew
stand stood
tell told
sleep slept
lead led
set set
grow grown
spin spun
be [am | is | are] was | were
hurt hurt
cling clung
begin begun
strike struck
Table of Present Tenses > Simple Present
Olumlu Cümle Olumsuz Cümle
I run every day. I don't run every day.
You run every day. You don't run every day.
He runs every day. He doesn't run every day.
She runs every day. She doesn't run every day.
It runs every day. It doesn't run every day.
We run every day. We don't run every day.
They run every day. They don't run every day.
Kullanım 1
Doğa kanunları, genel geçer
gerçekler
The average person falls asleep in seven minutes.
Our noses and ears grow bigger with age.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
Plants need water and sunlight.
Kullanım 2
Genelde yaptığımız işler,
alışkanlıklar
We wear traditional dress on holidays.
Sam usually drinks coffee in the morning.
Sandra rarely carries an umbrella.
During the holidays, we always make special meals.
Alışkanlıklarımızdan, genelde yaptığımız işlerden bahsederken sıklık zarfları (frequency adverbs) yaygın olarak
kullanılır.
always > daime, hep, her zaman

almost always > hemen her zaman
usually > genellikle
generally > genellikle
often > sık sık
frequently > sık sık
sometimes > bazen
occasionally > ara sıra
seldom > nadiren
rarely > nadiren
hardly ever > neredeyse hiç
almost never > neredeyse hiç
never > hiç, asla, hiç bir zaman
Kullanım 3
Timetables
The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
The concert starts in five minutes.
Kullanım 4
Non-continuous verbs
He knows seven languages.
He doesn't believe in ghosts.
Some people still think the world is flat.
Table of Present Tenses > Simple Present Continuous
I am running now. I am not running now.
You are running now. You aren't running now.
He is running now. He isn't running now.
She is running now. She isn't running now.
It is running now. It isn't running now.
We are running now. We aren't running now.
They are running now. They aren't running now.
Kullanım 1
Konuşma anında gerçekleşen
eylemler
Zaman zarfları > now, right now, at the moment, at present, still
Where is your sister?

She is doing her homework in her room now.
Be quiet! Your little brother is still sleeping.
Don't turn off the radio! They are playing my favourite song.
Kullanım 2
Bu sıralar yapmakta
olduğumuz eylemler
Zaman zarfları > nowadays, at the moment, these days, this year, this summer ...
She is studying German these days.
I am taking five courses this semester.
Kullanım 3
Değişmekte olan durumlar
Everything is cheap.
Everything is getting cheaper.
It is cold outside.
It is getting colder outside.
Kullanım 4
Şikayet bildiren cümleler
Zaman zarfları > always, constantly, repeatedly, continually
You are always smoking in front of the children.
He is constantly complaining about his job.
Kullanım 5
Gelecek zaman
Zaman zarfları > tomorrow, tonight, next summer, next month., next week...
I am flying to Rome next month, so I am studying Italian these days.
We are ordering pizza for dinner tonight.
My parents are moving to another city at the end of the month.
Table of Present Tenses > Present Perfect
I have done it. I haven't done it.
You have done it. You haven't done it.
He has done it. He hasn't done it.
She has done it. She hasn't done it.
It has done it. It hasn't done it.
We have done it. We haven't done it.
They have done it. They haven't done it.
Kullanım 1
Geçmişteki eylemleri zaman
zarfı vermeden anlatıyorsak
I have left my phone at home.
We have visited Italy several times.
I have never been to Istanbul.
Kullanım 2
Yakın geçmişte gerçekleşen
sonuçları, etkisi şuan
hissedilen eylemler
She has twisted her ankle, and she can’t walk now.
I have painted the walls and they are still wet.
I have lost my keys and I can’t get in the house.
Kullanım 3
Henüz tamamlanmamış
zaman zarflarıyla
zaman zarfları > today, this century, this week, this year ...
She has attended several classes this week.
It has rained a lot this year.
We haven't seen her today.
Kullanım 4
Recently, Lately
son zamanlarda
Recently, I have read some wonderful short stories by E.A. Poe.
A number of traffic accidents have happened recently.
She has published a new book lately.
Kullanım 5
Just, Already, Yet
John has written to his aunt, but he hasn't received a reply yet.
Grace has already climbed Everest and Ben Nevis twice, but she hasn't climbed Snowdon yet.
She looks relaxed, because she has just returned from a pleasant vacation at the seaside.
Kullanım 6
Şimdiye kadar anlamına
gelen zaman zarflarıyla
zaman zarfları > so far, thus far, up to now, till now, by now, until now, to date, ever, never, (cümle sonunda) before,
in my life,
I have visited more than nine countries so far.
Have you ever been in a long distance relationship?
I have never smoked a cigarette in my life.
I have never seen the sea before.
Kullanım 7
for + zaman dilimi
Linda has been on holiday for six weeks.
I have been a vegetarian for five years.
I have put aside one fourth of my salary for the last three years.
Kullanım 8
Tense Bağlacı
SINCE
…den beri, …den bu yana
Letter writing has gone into decline since the telephone was invented.
Since life began, the sun has grown by %30, but life has maintained steady temperatures on Earth.
The weather has been awful since the beginning of the month.
Since the 1960s, there have been many technological innovations.
Kullanım 9
fido
It has rained for the past two hours.
We haven't heard from him during the last three weeks.
Over the past five days, It hasn't stopped snowing.
We haven't got a reply during the last two days.
Table of Present Tenses > Present Perfect Continuous
I have been running for an hour. I haven't been running for an hour.
You have been running for an hour. You haven't been running for an hour.
He has been running for an hour. He hasn't been running for an hour.
She has been running for an hour. She hasn't been running for an hour.
It has been running for an hour. It hasn't been running for an hour.
We have been running for an hour. We haven't been running for an hour.
They have been running for an hour. They haven't been running for an hour.
Kullanım 1
Geçmişte başlayıp hala
devam etmekte olan eylemler
Jane has been living in Liverpool all her life.
The workers have been repairing the bridge for weeks, but they haven’t finished yet.
Kullanım 2
Geçmişte başlayıp kısa süre
önce bitmiş ve etkisi hala
devam eden eylemler
We have been driving along muddy roads and now the car is dirty.
Lisa is tired. She has been washing the dishes.
My eyes are aching because I have been working on the computer for ten hours.
Kullanım 3
for + zaman dilimi
We have been walking for hours! Let’s have a rest.
My father has been smoking for years, but he is considering quitting.
I have been sitting here for two hours.
Kullanım 4
Tense Bağlacı
SINCE
…den beri, …den bu yana
I have been taking medicine for my cold since Thursday.
She has been living in the same house since she was born.
Since we moved out of the village, my parents have been wanting to live in a big house.
Form Recognition 1 > Introduction
1. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir? 8. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir?

A) have played up A) is ranging
B) doesn't collide B) have been dictating
C) are bursting C) have decided
D) have been drying up D) chats
2. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous 9. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir?

Tense'dir?
A) is shipping
A) tremble B) have agreed with
B) have evaded C) are warding off
C) has been screening D) pave
D) are sensing
10. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous

3. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) have been matured
A) honour B) are surging
B) is contrasting C) has been conserving
C) haven't been preventing D) puts through
D) haven't dissolved
11. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir?

Tense'dir? A) are spreading out
B) haven't been enquiring
A) aren't deteriorating
C) hasn't leaned
B) hasn't been refuted
D) welcome
C) has been bringing up
D) back up
12. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir?
5. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous A) are hoping

Tense'dir? B) hasn't breathed
C) go down
A) stride
D) has been enlarging
B) has been ridden
C) haven't been investing
D) are letting 13. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir?
A) is ripening
6. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous B) refrain from
Tense'dir? C) haven't injected
A) doesn't fight D) has been distracting
B) aren't defying
C) has been soaking 14. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous
D) has assured Tense'dir?
A) are keeping up with
7. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir? B) haven't been gathered
C) figure out
A) accept
D) have been deceiving
B) is electing
C) have taped
D) have been frowning
15. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous 18. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) hasn't been complaining
A) target B) get off
B) has been releasing C) isn't honouring
C) isn't adapting D) haven't dismayed
D) have been backed up
19. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous

16. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) is dismantling
A) watch out B) have been fascinating
B) are throwing out C) haven't paired
C) have been acclaiming D) lacks
D) has remedied

A) casts aside
A) bandage B) has been digesting
B) hasn't afforded C) hasn't immigrated
C) are reading D) is crying
D) hasn't been handling
Form Recognition 1 > Homework
1. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir? 8. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous

Tense'dir?
A) don't sum
B) have been weighing A) is bribing
C) has torn B) have been opening
D) are getting on C) has united
D) doesn't hint

Tense'dir? 9. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous
Tense'dir?
A) have been detailing
B) care A) dedicates
C) are naming after B) has expelled
D) haven't been asked for C) has been benefiting
D) isn't chopping

A) is packaging Tense'dir?
B) haven't unearthed
A) is apologizing
C) has thought out
B) has been owning
D) bursts into
C) hasn't put off
D) don't act
A) reason 11. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous

B) have categorized Tense'dir?
C) are accustoming to
A) are judging on
D) has been shining
B) have been persevering
C) have spat
5. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir? D) don't come out
A) don't disperse
B) is applauding 12. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous
C) hasn't made use of Tense'dir?
D) have been curtailing A) has been housing
B) link
6. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous C) aren't arousing
Tense'dir? D) haven't been complemented
A) don't ridicule
B) has been catering to 13. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir?
C) aren't filming
A) questions
D) has been avoided
B) is sparking
C) have been vanishing
7. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous D) haven't administered
Tense'dir?
A) bankrupt 14. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous
B) is reviewing Tense'dir?
C) hasn't been waved
A) employ
D) has been eliminating
B) are baking
C) has been sedating
D) has been dictated
15. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous 22. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous
Tense'dir? Tense'dir?
A) guesses A) has been tripling
B) have been ending in B) has been struggled
C) aren't astounding C) is observing
D) has been parted D) get out of
16. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir? 23. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous
Tense'dir?
A) isn't adding
B) have been assimilating A) flow
C) haven't handed B) has dared
D) surround C) has been depleting
D) are costing

A) obtain Tense'dir?
B) isn't facilitating
A) enlighten
C) has been falling back upon
B) has worshiped
D) has derived from
C) haven't been educating
D) is triumphing
Tense'dir?
A) look out Tense'dir?
B) isn't leasing
A) debate
C) has been cropping
B) have boarded
D) haven't obtained
C) have been arriving
D) isn't slaughtering
A) is grounding 26. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir?
B) has ached
A) don't argue
C) are hanging
B) is counterattacking
D) come on
C) has been thawing
D) have judged on
A) is squeezing 27. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir?

B) has pervaded
A) aren't menacing
C) are turning off
B) haven't flourished
D) abide by
C) focus upon
D) has been approaching
A) are inserting 28. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir?

B) haven't reflected
A) interfere
C) have been grasping
B) isn't reporting
D) object
C) haven't come together
D) hasn't been contributing
29. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir? 35. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir?
A) have disappeared A) is subjecting
B) doesn't revolutionize B) hasn't been worsening
C) aren't outpacing C) has vacated
D) have been streaming D) thaw
30. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous 36. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous
A) doesn't alarm A) hang out

B) are building on B) aren't succeeding
C) has been shipped C) hasn't stopped
D) have been displaying D) have been going by
31. Hangisi Present Perfect Continuous 37. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) steal
A) haven't been soaring B) is indicating
B) expend C) has repaired
C) is provoking D) have been waxing
D) has been found out

A) propel
A) vacates B) aren't regarding
B) have overseen C) has enquired
C) are foretelling D) haven't been slaughtering
D) hasn't been inventing

33. Hangisi Present Perfect Tense'dir? Tense'dir?
A) outlive A) metabolize
B) aren't blazing B) isn't blinking
C) has been focusing on C) has been arresting
D) has flattened D) has been depended upon
34. Hangisi Simple Present Continuous 40. Hangisi Simple Present Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) have voted
A) aren't detailing B) have been rearranging
B) has been exploiting C) don't put
C) has retrieved D) has been linking
D) speak out
1. "don't ridicule" hangi tense'dir? 8. "are contributing" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect A) present perfect

B) simple present B) simple present
C) present perfect continuous C) present perfect continuous
D) simple present continuous D) simple present continuous
2. "has been looking to" hangi tense'dir? 9. "doesn't qualify" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect A) present perfect continuous

B) simple present continuous B) simple present continuous
C) present perfect continuous C) present perfect
D) simple present D) simple present
3. "are foregoing" hangi tense'dir? 10. "have surprised" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple present B) simple present continuous
C) present perfect continuous C) simple present
D) simple present continuous D) present perfect continuous
4. "has laid" hangi tense'dir? 11. "have been exporting" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present A) simple present
B) present perfect B) present perfect
C) present perfect continuous C) present perfect continuous
5. "isn't necessitating" hangi tense'dir? 12. "have been climbing" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect continuous A) simple present

B) simple present continuous B) present perfect continuous
C) present perfect C) present perfect
D) simple present D) simple present continuous
6. "is acquiring" hangi tense'dir? 13. "hasn't been bypassing" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple present continuous B) present perfect
C) present perfect continuous C) simple present continuous
D) present perfect D) present perfect continuous
7. "embellish" hangi tense'dir? 14. "has appeared" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present A) simple present continuous

15. "empty" hangi tense'dir? 18. "have initiated" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect A) simple present continuous
B) present perfect continuous B) simple present
C) simple present continuous C) present perfect continuous
D) simple present D) present perfect
16. "has wandered" hangi tense'dir? 19. "ease" hangi tense'dir?

A) simple present continuous A) present perfect
B) simple present B) present perfect continuous
C) present perfect C) simple present continuous
D) present perfect continuous D) simple present
17. "haven't been drinking" hangi tense'dir? 20. "is secreting" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect continuous A) simple present continuous

B) simple present B) present perfect
C) present perfect C) simple present
1. "have been multiplying" hangi tense'dir? 8. "don't get in" hangi tense'dir?

2. "aren't commissioning" hangi tense'dir? 9. "are donating" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect continuous A) simple present

B) present perfect B) present perfect continuous
C) simple present C) present perfect
3. "has been evolving" hangi tense'dir? 10. "don't get by" hangi tense'dir?

4. "has aided" hangi tense'dir? 11. "has subscribed to" hangi tense'dir?
B) simple present continuous B) simple present
C) simple present C) present perfect
D) present perfect continuous D) present perfect continuous
5. "is deciphering" hangi tense'dir? 12. "recreate" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present continuous A) present perfect continuous

C) present perfect continuous C) present perfect
D) present perfect D) simple present
6. "has inflicted" hangi tense'dir? 13. "has been transforming" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present A) present perfect continuous

B) present perfect continuous B) simple present continuous
C) simple present continuous C) simple present
D) present perfect D) present perfect
7. "isn't talking" hangi tense'dir? 14. "don't number" hangi tense'dir?

B) present perfect continuous B) present perfect continuous
D) simple present continuous D) present perfect
15. "are bandaging" hangi tense'dir? 23. "have been privatizing" hangi tense'dir?

C) simple present continuous C) simple present continuous
16. "is slaying" hangi tense'dir? 24. "have disappointed" hangi tense'dir?
C) simple present continuous C) simple present
D) present perfect continuous D) present perfect
17. "have neglected" hangi tense'dir? 25. "contemplates" hangi tense'dir?

D) present perfect D) simple present continuous
18. "are distinguishing" hangi tense'dir? 26. "suffer" hangi tense'dir?

B) present perfect continuous B) present perfect
C) present perfect C) present perfect continuous
D) simple present continuous D) simple present
19. "surge" hangi tense'dir? 27. "has been arising" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present A) present perfect continuous

B) simple present continuous B) simple present continuous
20. "retain" hangi tense'dir? 28. "hasn't attacked" hangi tense'dir?

B) present perfect continuous B) simple present
C) simple present C) present perfect continuous
21. "doesn't persist" hangi tense'dir? 29. "isn't stretching" hangi tense'dir?
C) present perfect continuous C) simple present continuous
22. "has disrupted" hangi tense'dir? 30. "hasn't been extracting" hangi tense'dir?
B) present perfect continuous B) present perfect
C) simple present continuous C) simple present continuous
D) present perfect D) present perfect continuous
31. "has been merging" hangi tense'dir? 36. "realizes" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present continuous A) present perfect continuous
32. "has been saving" hangi tense'dir? 37. "has been shedding" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect continuous A) present perfect continuous

D) simple present continuous D) present perfect
33. "hasn't disconnected" hangi tense'dir? 38. "are wining" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple present B) present perfect
34. "haven't been considering" hangi tense'dir? 39. "has chopped" hangi tense'dir?

35. "are triggering" hangi tense'dir? 40. "have registered" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present continuous A) simple present
B) present perfect continuous B) present perfect continuous
C) present perfect C) present perfect
Meaning Recognition > Introduction
1. "has focused" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "has been babysitting" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) odaklamış durumda A) çocuk bakıyor

B) odaklar B) çocuk bakar
C) odaklıyor C) çocuk bakmış durumda
2. "isn't exercising" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "haven't been forbidding" çevirisi

hangisidir?
A) egzersiz yapmıyor
B) egzersiz yapmaz A) yasaklamaz
C) egzersiz yapmamış durumda B) yasaklamamış durumda
C) yasaklamıyor
3. "are leaking" çevirisi hangisidir?

12. "have remarked" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sızdırmış durumda
B) sızdırır A) söyler
C) sızdırıyor B) söylemiş durumda
C) söylüyor
4. "doesn't analyse" çevirisi hangisidir?

13. "are cutting" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) analiz etmez
B) analiz etmemiş durumda A) keser
C) analiz etmiyor B) kesiyor
C) kesmiş durumda
5. "has balanced" çevirisi hangisidir?

14. "haven't left" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) dengelemiş durumda
B) dengeler A) ayrılmıyor
C) dengeliyor B) ayrılmaz
C) ayrılmamış durumda
6. "hasn't been exchanging" çevirisi

hangisidir? 15. "buys" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) değiş tokuş yapmaz A) satın almış durumda

B) değiş tokuş yapmamış durumda B) satın alıyor
C) değiş tokuş yapmıyor C) satın alır
7. "don't release" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "is separating" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) salmıyor A) ayırır
B) salmaz B) ayırıyor
C) salmamış durumda C) ayırmış durumda
8. "have been disturbing" çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "don't ripen" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) rahatsız ediyor A) yırtmaz
B) rahatsız eder B) yırtmıyor
C) rahatsız etmiş durumda C) yırtmamış durumda
9. "abstain" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "have been hiding" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) uzak durmuş durumda A) saklanıyor

B) uzak durur B) saklanır
C) uzak duruyor C) saklanmış durumda
19. "is suffering" çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "has broken" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) acı çekiyor A) kırmış durumda

B) acı çeker B) kırar
C) acı çekmiş durumda C) kırıyor
Meaning Recognition > Homework
1. "have been fulfilling" çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "reveals" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) yerine getirir A) göstermiş durumda
B) yerine getiriyor B) gösterir
C) yerine getirmiş durumda C) gösteriyor
2. "has reacted" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "have been measuring" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tepki göstermiş durumda A) ölçüyor

B) tepki gösterir B) ölçer
C) tepki gösteriyor C) ölçmüş durumda
3. "is forcing" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "hasn't noticed" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) zorlamış durumda A) fark etmemiş durumda

B) zorlar B) fark etmez
C) zorluyor C) fark etmiyor
4. "isn't enjoying" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "are accelerating" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) eğlenmez A) hızlandırmış durumda

B) eğlenmiyor B) hızlandırır
C) eğlenmemiş durumda C) hızlandırıyor
5. "doesn't flee" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "is neglecting" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) kaçmıyor A) ihmal eder
B) kaçmamış durumda B) ihmal ediyor
C) kaçmaz C) ihmal etmiş durumda
6. "haven't been causing" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "are watching out" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sebep olmaz A) dikkat etmiş durumda

B) sebep olmuyor B) dikkat eder
C) sebep olmamış durumda C) dikkat ediyor
7. "hasn't been penetrating" çevirisi 15. "isn't cohabiting" çevirisi hangisidir?

hangisidir?
A) birlikte yaşamıyor
A) nüfuz etmez B) birlikte yaşamaz
B) nüfuz etmiyor C) birlikte yaşamamış durumda
C) nüfuz etmemiş durumda
16. "has proceeded" çevirisi hangisidir?

8. "have been experimenting" çevirisi
hangisidir? A) ilerler
B) ilerlemiş durumda
A) deney yapar
C) ilerliyor
B) deney yapmış durumda
C) deney yapıyor
17. "has been dyeing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) boyar
B) boyuyor
C) boyamış durumda
18. "are throwing out" çevirisi hangisidir? 27. "throw" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) atıyor A) atıyor
B) atar B) atar
C) atmış durumda C) atmış durumda
19. "manifest" çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "are bottling" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) gösteriyor A) şişeler
B) göstermiş durumda B) şişeliyor
C) gösterir C) şişelemiş durumda
20. "has been walking" çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "match" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yürüyor A) eşleşir
B) yürürlükten kaldırdı B) eşleşiyor
C) yürümüş durumda C) eşleşmiş durumda
21. "don't shift" çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "have been blowing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) değiştirmiyor A) eser
B) değiştirmez B) esiyor
C) değiştirmez durumda C) esmiş durumda
22. "emerge" çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "has recovered" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ortaya çıkmış durumda A) iyileşir

B) ortaya çıkar B) iyileşmiş durumda
C) ortaya çıkıyor C) iyileşiyor
23. "finds" çevirisi hangisidir? 32. "is smiling" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) bulur A) gülümser
B) buluyor B) gülümsüyor
C) bulmuş durumda C) gülümsemiş durumda
24. "goes" çevirisi hangisidir? 33. "has punished" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) gidiyor A) cezalandırır
B) gitmiş durumda B) cezalandırmış durumda
C) gider C) cezalandırıyor
25. "have fallen" çevirisi hangisidir? 34. "has paniced" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) düşmüş durumda A) paniğe kapılmış durumda

B) düşer B) paniğe kapılır
C) düşüyor C) paniğe kapılıyor
26. "have organized" çevirisi hangisidir? 35. "haven't calmed down" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) düzenlemiş durumda A) sakinleşmez

B) düzenler B) sakinleşmemiş durumda
C) düzenliyor C) sakinleşmiyor
36. "have been surveying" çevirisi hangisidir? 39. "has torn" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) anket yapar A) yırtar
B) anket yapmış durumda B) yırtıyor
C) anket yapıyor C) yırtmış durumda
37. "hasn't been elevating" çevirisi hangisidir? 40. "are burning" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yükseltmez A) yanar
B) yükseltmemiş durumda B) yanıyor
C) yükseltmiyor C) yanmış durumda
38. "doesn't know" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bilmez
B) bilmiyor
C) bilmemiş durumda
Example Sentences > Introduction
1: Carbondioxide has been increasing steadily 6: Internet technology has changed our life in
throughout the past century. numerous ways.
TR: TR:
7: Humans have have been making art for

2: Plants turn carbon dioxide into food in thousands of years.
photosynthesis. TR:
TR:
8: More than 300 weddings take place each day in

3: Since 1987, global population has increased from Las Vegas.
5 billion to 6.7 billion. TR:
TR:
9: Over the past few years, online pharmacies have

sprung up all over the Internet.
TR:
4: Our planet is currently experiencing a
catastrophic rate of species extinction.
TR:
10: These students are constantly complaining

about everything.
TR:
5: The treatment for gum infection depends mainly
on the severity of the infection.
TR:
Example Sentences > Homework
1: Societies have taken advantage of wind power 8: Media plays an important role in our lives.
for thousands of years. TR:
TR:
9: Global warming has caused irreversible damage

to the natural environment.
TR:
2: Climate change affects agricultural productivity.
TR:
3: Does race and sex affect a person’s income 10: How many satellites are orbiting the Earth?
level? TR:
TR:
11: Gas and water make up about 70% of a comet.

TR:
4: The world population is expanding at the rate of
nearly million people a year.
TR:
12: Poor man has been searching for his lost son
for two years now.
TR:
5: You are committing a big mistake by marrying

that idiot!
TR:
13: Every cancer responds to treatment differently.
TR:
6: Life expectancy in Europe has increased greatly

in the 21st century. 14: The use of environmental taxes and charges
TR: has widened since 1996.
TR:
7: For a number of reasons, poverty has become an

issue in many countries in the world. 15: It has been raining for an hour now.
TR: TR:
16: Treatment of heart failure has advanced 19: Amnesty International has been fighting for
significantly in recent decades. human rights since 1961.
TR: TR:
17: The marriage rate in the US has dropped by 20: Oil accounts for only 6% of Dubai's economy.
almost a third since 1985. TR:
TR:
18: Shareholders are expecting a higher yield this

year.
TR:
Present Tense Questions > Introduction
1. We ---- this book for months and months. 10. He ----- in a French lesson for five years.
A) have been writing B) are writing A) hasn't been B) isn't

Translation: Translation:
2. We ---- the sun and warm water for a week 11. My grandmother ---- in the park every day.
now.
A) is walking B) walks
A) are enjoying B) have been enjoying
Translation:
Translation:
12. I ---- English for six years now.

3. They ---- to London on Friday evening at
8:15. A) have been studying B) am studying
A) fly B) are flying Translation:
Translation:
13. Anne makes all her clothes. At the moment
she ---- a dress for herself.
4. The boy group ---- Europe at the moment. A) is making B) makes
A) are touring B) tour Translation:
Translation:
5. I ---- seven films this week! 14. He usually ---- at the restaurant after school.
After work he goes to the fitness centre
A) have been watching B) have watched twice a week.
Translation: A) works B) is working
Translation:
6. I ---- a cold for years.
A) haven't had B) don't have

Translation:
15. She ---- at the moment.

7. Julie ---- to drive for six years!
A) does not study B) is not studying
A) has learned B) has been learning
Translation:
Translation:
16. My best friend and I ---- each other for 15

8. It ---- without interruption for three days. years.
A) has rained B) rain A) have known B) know
9. Don't wake the baby. She ---- to sleep. 17. I ---- the newspaper yet today.
A) has just gone B) just goes A) haven't read B) haven't been reading
18. I ---- at the door for ten minutes without 20. At the moment, Cynthia ---- on the floor with
success. her doll.
A) have been knocking B) am knocking A) is lying B) has lain

19. I ---- never ---- him before.
A) have / met B) have / been meeting

Translation:
Present Tense Questions > Homework
1. Cecilia has been crying all day because she - 8. I promise I ---- all the work by next Saturday.
--- her exams.
A) will have done B) will do
A) has failed B) has been failing
Translation:
Translation:
9. I ---- a lot of homework so far, so don't ask

me to do yours.
2. Listen! They ---- my favourite song.
A) have done B) do
A) are playing B) have been playing
Translation:
Translation:
3. He usually ---- to see me every day, but today

he hasn't come yet. 10. When the snow ----, it ---- into the river.
A) comes B) is coming A) has melted / has flowed B) melts / flows
11. I won’t go out now, because it ---- and I don't

have an umbrella.
4. She ---- anything about his past yet.
A) rains B) is raining
A) has never heard B) never hears
Translation:
Translation:
5. He usually drinks coffee, but today he ----

tea. 12. I ---- anything since breakfast.
A) is drinking B) drinks A) haven't eaten B) don't eat

13. Come and say good-bye. Our guests ---- in a

6. The Harry Potter books ---- a fixture on best- minute.
seller lists around the world for a number of
years now. A) are leaving B) leave
A) remain B) have remained Translation:
Translation:
14. Every Sunday, we ---- to see my

grandparents.
A) are going B) go
7. Mum ---- in the garden the whole day. Translation:
A) has been working B) is working

Translation:
15. Technology ---- so much over the past 23. Congratulations ! You ---- a trip to New York.
century.
A) have been just winning B) have just won
A) has developed and B) develops and
changed changes Translation:
Translation:
24. She usually ---- to school.
16. When water is heated, it ---- into gas. A) is walking B) walks
A) turns B) is turning Translation:
Translation:
25. A cold wind ---- around this area for the last
two months.
17. Everybody ---- money. It is very important. A) is blowing B) has been blowing
A) needs B) is needing Translation:
Translation:
26. I ---- Julie for three years, and we still meet

18. Jacky is sweating because he ---- for over once a month.
four hours.
A) have been knowing B) have known
A) has been running B) is running
Translation:
Translation:
27. I think my nephew ---- six centimeters since

19. I ---- about you every day since we met.
last summer.
A) have thought B) think
A) grows B) has grown
Translation:
Translation:
20. They ---- to the party tomorrow.

A) come B) are not coming 28. Quiet please! I ---- a letter.
Translation: A) write B) am writing

Translation:
21. He ---- an apple at the moment.

A) is not eating B) does not eat 29. He ---- two letters this morning.
Translation: A) has written B) has been writing

Translation:
22. We ---- a car for ten years before it broke

down.
30. David feels great these days. He ---- up early
A) had had B) have had lately.
Translation: A) has been getting B) has got

Translation:
1 artmak increase environment catastrophic gas
2 etkilemek economy sun affect friend

3 diş eti, sakız, zamk study gum son innovation
4 her repair every ghost stop
5 iş job agricultural advantage early
6 inanmak pleasant year income believe
7 kurs, yemek, saha, gidişat dress orbit course key
8 berbat, müthiş seaside hear take place awful
9 çok sayıda tea role numerous early
10 azalma, gerileme believe affect decline severity
11 kalp, merkez, cesaret heart human rights technology look
12 yol road sea repair change
13 son zamanlardaki breakfast move out recent relaxed
14 düğün leave wedding beginning telephone
15 geleneksel environment fight traditional sunlight
16 devamlı, sabit sun accident poor steady
17 etrafında dönmek revolve month climate cause
suç işlemek, adamak,
18 (hapise, hastane) wake commit get up bridge
göndermek
19 deniz accident earth watch sea
20 aramak affect human search for attend
21 sessiz blow park now quiet
22 verim productivity ask happen class
23 sözünü vb. kesme interruption increase week list
24 büyümek order grow cheap advance
25 yeğen (erkek) nephew snow mistake boy
26 ilerlemek advance important now long
devam ettirmek, bakım
27 interruption house ask maintain
yapmak, iddia etmek
28 kuyruklu yıldız global comet life finish
hareket etmek, taşınmak,
29 move tired get in quit
duygulandırmak
30 güç, enerji early usually smoke power
31 kirli, alçak, açık saçık economy dirty eat melt
32 bağlı olmak, güvenmek depend on boy quiet meal
33 esmek, üflemek, patlamak blow so far weather numerous
34 başarı work warm success listen
35 hayalet constantly ghost trip road
36 yayımlamak significantly trip publish aunt
37 söylemek song species say poor
38 gazete newspaper work next friend
39 ciddiyet, sertlik severity wedding run go out
40 çevre, ortam traffic environment poverty failure
41 cevap children telephone reply traffic
42 (yapay) uydu turn off consider satellite mistake
bozulmak, parçalamak,
43 kendini tutamayıp constantly traffic failure break down
ağlamak
44 yörüngede dönmek area invent orbit lose
45 eczane, eczacılık snow pharmacy satellite sit
46 genellikle commit usually change snow
47 on yıl decade every the same put aside
48 son zamanlarda today lately park learn
sipariş vermek, emretmek,
49 order apple person eat
düzen vermek
50 çevirmek twist knock reply son
51 ilişki train year relationship idiot
52 bölge, yüz ölçümü country ghost area traditional
53 gelir heat but income pleasant
54 kullanmak stop think shareholder use
55 verim yield comet decline every
56 ısıtmak heat complain plant room
57 meydana gelmek idiot take place next population
oluşturmak, açıklamasını
58 dirty account for vegetarian recent
yapmak
59 ıslak, yağmurlu today treatment next wet
60 bitki, santral relationship reveive human rights plant
61 sebep olmak innovation big expectancy cause
62 toplum, dernek mistake society wear leave
63 erimek melt world yield wet
64 iki kez recently today beginning twice
buluşmak, tanışmak,
65 temperature life run meet
gidermek
66 gezegen decline attend month planet
67 kaza, tesadüf age accident cold go out
68 maaş significantly salary ache greatly
69 önemli ölçüde environment significantly very return
70 kaybetmek depend on every sunlight lose
71 bütün very once whole grandparent
72 vergi village feel tax run
73 yoksulluk poverty ever grandparent dress
74 nadiren rarely use course salary
75 akmak city area flow vacation
76 soğuk, ilgisiz ache rarely cold marriage
ücret, suçlama,
77 revolve increase charge irreversible
sorumluluk, hücum, şarj
78 onarmak times school expand repair
79 taşımak walk change carry country
80 köy return village flat relaxed
81 mesafe distance go out commit sleep
82 insan society hour human shareholder
83 kalmak media remain doll move out
84 hoşlanmak, keyfini sürmek enjoy fall asleep planet interruption
85 şikayet etmek fight beginning high complain
86 tatil twist get in holiday thousand
87 şarkı, ötüş start fly song orbit
88 petrol, yağ day productivity search for oil
89 tedavi, muamele several day treatment rate
90 çamurlu evening develop muddy outside
91 vurmak, devirmek receive knock just long
92 tür (canlı) widen vacation differently species
93 değişiklik, para üstü twist change take place wet
94 neredeyse almost language widen steady
95 genişlemek mainly expand population quit
96 hoş pleasant list smoke great
97 yiyecek fail food next friend
98 ummak believe expect year differently
99 uzanmak lie the same need lose
100 genişletmek early art widen develop
go into write steady have take

fail have failure wind cause
do get story accident receive
increase change rights expectancy greatly
1 ---- homework ödev yapmak

2 ---- cheap ucuzlamak
3 short ---- kısa öykü
4 traffic ---- trafik kazası
5 ---- reply cevap almak
6 ---- decline düşüşe geçmek
7 ---- letter mektup yazmak
8 ---- temperature sabit sıcaklık
9 ---- rest dinlenmek
10 ---- medicine ilaç almak
11 ---- steadily sürekli olarak artmak
12 ---- life yaşam tarzını değiştirmek
13 human ---- insan hakları
14 life ---- ömür | yaşam süresi/beklentisi
15 increase ---- büyük ölçüde arttırmak
16 ---- damage hasar vermek
17 ---- power rüzgar gücü/enerjisi
18 heart ---- kalp yetmezliği
19 ---- a cold üşütmek
20 ---- exam sınavı geçememek
1 ---- age yaş ile, yıllandıkça

2 revolve ---- ...etrafında dönmek
3 ---- the morning sabahleyin
4 believe ---- ... (nın varlığına) inanmak
5 complain ---- …konusunda şikayet etmek
6 ---- the end of sth bir şeyin sonunda
7 move ---- ...ya taşınmak
8 return ---- ...dan (geri) dönmek
9 ---- holiday tatilde
10 ---- Earth Dünya'da
11 ---- ... century ... yüzyıl boyunca
12 ---- a ... way ... bir şekilde
13 ---- the world dünyada
14 fight ---- …için savaşmak
15 damage ---- …ya hasar
16 power ---- ... için güç
17 respond ---- …ya cevap, tepki vermek
18 ---- a ... rate ... bir oranda
19 ---- the moment şu anda
20 think ---- ...yapmayı düşünmek, ...hakkında düşünmek
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Present Tenses ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Past Tenses
• Unit Words
• Past Tenses Tables
• Past Tense Questions
customer (n): müşteri

Vocabulary
ago (adv): önce desk (n): çalışma masası
yesterday (adv): dün dinner (n): akşam yemeği
cold (n): soğuk algınlığı dish (n): tabak, yemek, bulaşık
day (n): gün, gündüz driver (n): sürücü, faktör
fire (n): ateş, yangın, ateş etme (silah) earthquake (n): deprem
home (n): ev, yurt jewellery (n): mücevherat
house (n): ev letter (n): mektup, harf
key (n): anahtar, tuş noise (n): gürültü
morning (n): sabah room (n): oda, alan
night (n): gece salesman (n): (erkek) satıcı
prison (n): hapishane salt (n): tuz
prisoner (n): mahkum sea (n): deniz
town (n): kasaba, çarşı soup (n): çorba
week (n): hafta store (n): mağaza, depo
year (n): yıl street (n): cadde
buy (v): satın almak, kanmak thief (n): hırsız
catch (v): yakalamak vacation (n): tatil
conquer (v): fethetmek, üstesinden gelmek add (v): eklemek, toplamak (matematik)
escape (v): kaçmak begin (v): başlamak
find (v): bulmak break (v): kırmak, bozmak, ara vermek
house (v): barındırmak come (v): gelmek
invade (v): istila etmek cook (v): pişirmek
leave (v): ayrılmak, bırakmak cover (v): kaplamak
lose (v): kaybetmek drive (v): (araba) sürmek, harekete

geçirmek
stay (v): kalmak
eat (v): yemek
last (adj): son, geçen
break out (pv): patlak vermek, firar etmek
hear (v): duymak
late (adv): geç
help (v): yardım etmek
good (adj): iyi
light (v): yakmak, aydınlatmak
young (adj): genç
carelessly (adv): dikkatsiz bir biçimde
occur (v): meydana gelmek
afternoon (n): öğleden sonra almak
arm (n): kol, silah rain (v): yağmur yağmak
burglar (n): hırsız read (v): okumak
bus (n): otobüs sit (v): oturmak, sınava girmek
sleep (v): uyumak boat (n): tekne
smoke (v): (sigara vs) içmek, tütsülemek book (n): kitap
start (v): başlamak, (iş) kurmak, (araç) building (n): bina, inşa etme
çalıştırmak
bus stop (n): otobüs durağı
steal (v): çalmak
classroom (n): derslik
college (n): üniversite
swim (v): yüzmek
company (n): şirket, eşlik
take (v): almak, (süre) almak
concert (n): konser
taste (v): tatmak, ... tadında olmak
condition (n): durum, koşul, rahatsızlık
want (v): istemek, gerekmek
cruelty (n): zulüm
document (n): belge
write (v): yazmak
dress (n): elbise
mistake (n): hata
end (n): son
pay attention to (pv): ...ya dikkat etmek
exam (n): sınav
fall off (pv): düşmek
fact (n): gerçek
break into (pv): hırsızlık amacıyla girmek,
aniden yapmaya başlamak film (n): film, (fotoğraf) film, tabaka
get out of (pv): kaçınmak, ağzından laf firefighter (n): itfaiyeci

almak, tadını çıkarmak
high school (n): lise
go off (pv): çalışmamak, patlamak,
homework (n): ödev
bozulmak (yiyecek), çalmaya başlamak
hospital (n): hastane
walk down (pv): aşağı inmek
investigation (n): araştırma
walk into (pv): girmek
joy (n): neşe
fall asleep (pv): uykuya dalmak
light (n): ışık, ateş (çakmak vs)
bad (adj): kötü
match (n): maç, kibrit, eş
excellent (adj): mükemmel
news (n): haber, haber programı
important (adj): önemli
office (n): ofis, bakanlık
safe (adj): güvende, güvenli
opinion (n): fikir
secret (adj): gizli
paper (n): kâğıt, gazete, belge, makale
tired (adj): yorgun, bıkmış
phone (n): telefon
uninterested (adj): ilgisiz
project (n): proje
second-hand (adj, adv): ikinci el
almost (adv): neredeyse
rain (n): yağmur
receipt (n): makbuz, tahsilat
carefully (adv): dikkatle
rock (n): kaya, rock müziği
immediately (adv): derhal, hemen
(yakınında) runner (n): koşucu, kaçakçı
army (n): ordu scene (n): sahne, manzara
bait (n): yem, tuzak talent (n): yetenek
bed (n): yatak, (dere vs) taban tooth (n): diş
bill (n): fatura, kanun tasarısı, banknot, wallet (n): cüzdan, portföy
gaga
work (n): iş, çalışma upset (v): üzmek, bozmak
worm (n): solucan, kurtçuk wash (v): yıkamak
arrive (v): varmak work (v): çalışmak, işe yaramak
brush (v): fırçalamak, süpürmek, hafifçe stay in (pv): evde kalmak

dokunmak
clean (v): temizlemek kalmak
continue (v): devam etmek warm up (pv): ısınmak (spor için), ısıtmak,
(eğlendirerek) canlandırmak
decide (v): karar vermek
come back (pv): geri dönmek, tekrar moda
die (v): ölmek olmak
dig (v): kazmak, araştırmak burn down (pv): yakıp kül etmek
disappear (v): ortadan kaybolmak stay up (pv): geç vakitte yatmak
emerge (v): ortaya çıkmak drop out (pv): terk etmek
enter (v): girmek arrive at (pv): ulaşmak
establish (v): kurmak, belirlemek come on (pv): başlamak, acele etmek
feel (v): hissetmek give up (pv): bırakmak, pes etmek
finish (v): bitirmek go into (pv): başlamak, ayrıntıya girmek,
sarf etmek, çarpmak
give (v): vermek
practice (v): alıştırma yapmak
go (v): gitmek
go to bed (v): yatmak
graduate (v): mezun olmak
enough (adv): yeterince, çok
mention (v): bahsetmek
first (adj, adv): ilk
notice (v): fark etmek
hour (n): saat
pay (v): ödemek
lesson (n): ders
place (v): yerleştirmek
valley (n): vadi
put (v): koymak
realize (v): farkına varmak,
gerçekleştirmek teach (v): öğretmek
receive (v): almak loud (adj): yüksek sesli, cafcaflı
remember (v): hatırlamak sick (adj): hasta, midesi bulanmış
restart (v): tekrar başlamak unhappy (adj): mutsuz
ring (v): telefon etmek, zil çalmak wrong (adj): yanlış
rip (v): yırtmak, aktarmak Neanderthal (adj, n): Neandertal
shout (v): bağırmak continually (adv): devamlı olarak
sign (v): imzalamak boss (n): patron
sing (v): şarkı söylemek crew (n): mürettebat
sink (v): batmak distance (n): mesafe
stop (v): durmak, engellemek earth (n): dünya, toprak
strike (v): grev yapmak, çarpmak, employee (n): çalışan
etkilemek (afet vs), saldırmak
instruction (n): talimat, öğretim
talk (v): konuşmak
leg (n): bacak, etap
turn (v): dönmek, dönüşmek
material (n): madde
neighbour (n): komşu moon (n): ay, (doğal) uydu
passenger (n): yolcu police (n): polis (teşkilatı)

passport (n): pasaport reservation (n): yer ayırtma, kuşku
station (n): istasyon, vaziyet soldier (n): asker
student (n): öğrenci trip (n): gezi
sun (n): güneş weather (n): hava durumu

train (n): tren end (v): bitmek
traveller (n): gezgin get (v): elde etmek, ulaşmak, anlamak

trouble (n): sorun invent (v): icat etmek, uydurmak
appear (v): ortaya çıkmak, ... gibi locate (v): yerini belirlemek
görünmek
make (v): yapmak, yaptırmak, varmak
sack (v): kovmak
practise (v): alıştırma yapmak
stare (v): gözlerini dikmek
shiver (v): titremek
worship (v): tapmak
water (v): sulamak
because (conj, trans): ...dığı için, çünkü
plant (n): bitki, santral
cold (adj): soğuk, ilgisiz
come into (pv): mirasa konmak, etkilemek
early (adj): erken, başları
come under (pv): ...nın altına girmek
missing (adj): kayıp
search for (pv): aramak
pregnant (adj): hamile
asleep (adj): uyuyan
actually (adv): aslında
dusty (adj): tozlu
thankfully (adv): neyse ki
entire (adj): bütün
unfortunately (adv): maalesef
living (adj): canlı
before (conj, prep): ...dan önce
noisy (adj): gürültülü
air (n): hava, havayolu
loudly (adv): yüksek sesle
assembly (n): montaj, meclis
authority (n): yetki
slowly (adv): yavaşça
battle (n): savaş, mücadele
ancestor (n): ata
child (n): çocuk
area (n): bölge, yüz ölçümü
existence (n): varlık
bridge (n): köprü, briç
flag (n): bayrak
forecast (n): tahmin
cat (n): kedi
girl (n): kız
chair (n): sandalye, makam
hotel (n): otel
degree (n): derece, diploma
invasion (n): istila
doorbell (n): kapı zili
island (n): ada
family (n): aile
line (n): çizgi, hat (telefon), sıra, ip, satır
(yazı) game (n): oyun, av
medicine (n): ilaç, tıp job (n): iş
moment (n): an money (n): para
month (n): ay people (n): insanlar, halk
player (n): oyuncu, sanatçı then (trans): daha sonra
referee (n): hakem finally (adv): sonunda
road (n): yol long (adv): uzun zamandır

sitting (n): yemek servisi, poz verme, never (adv): asla
oturum (meclis, mahkeme)
really (adv): gerçekten
teacher (n): öğretmen
when (conj): ...dığı zaman
technique (n): yöntem
African (adj, n): Afrikalı
university (n): üniversite
ankle (n): ayak bileği
wall (n): duvar
answer (n): cevap
war (n): savaş
bear (n): ayı
whistle (n): ıslık
world (n): dünya
business (n): ticaret, iş yeri
blow (v): esmek, üflemek, patlamak
century (n): yüzyıl
borrow (v): ödünç almak
channel (n): kanal
cross (v): karşıdan karşıya geçmek,
kesişmek, melezlemek city (n): şehir
destroy (v): yok etmek coast (n): sahil
discover (v): keşfetmek coffee (n): kahve
feed (v): beslemek computer game (n): bilgisayar oyunu
hurry (v): acele etmek direction (n): yön, talimat
interview (v): görüşme yapmak door (n): kapı
land (v): iniş yapmak fridge (n): buzdolabı
listen (v): dinlemek friend (n): arkadaş
live (v): yaşamak guide (n): rehber
march (v): yürüyüş yapmak hand (n): el
reach (v): ulaşmak, uzanmak hiker (n): doğa yürüyüşçüsü
return (v): geri dönmek lady (n): hanımefendi, leydi
run (v): koşmak, yönetmek, akmak, sefer life (n): hayat

meal (n): öğün
merchant (n): tüccar
wait (v): beklemek
milk (n): süt
get there (v): varmak, başarmak
museum (n): müze
come up with (pv): bulmak (çözüm yolu
pathway (n): patika
vs)
petrol (n): benzin
by the time (conj): ...e kadar
phone call (n): telefon görüşmesi
pass by (pv): geçmek
playground (n): oyun alanı
native (adj): yerli
new (adj): yeni
sector (n): sektör
old (adj): yaşlı, eski
shopping (n): alışveriş
secondary (adj): ortaokul, ikincil, sonraki
snow (n): kar
strange (adj): tuhaf, yabancı
snowman (n): kardan adam a number of (q): çok sayıda ...
spaceship (n): uzay gemisi go on (pv): devam etmek

stocking (n): çorap get back (pv): geri dönmek, geri almak
television (n): televizyon go out (pv): dışarı çıkmak, flört etmek,

çekilmek (gelgit), sönmek (ışık, ateş)
tent (n): çadır
land on (pv): konmak
window (n): pencere, vitrin, fırsat
turn back (pv): geri dönmek
winter (n): kış
before (adv): daha önce
build (v): inşa etmek
run out of (pv): tüketmek
close (v): kapatmak
break in (pv): hırsızlık amacıyla girmek,
do (v): yapmak sözünü kesmek
drink (v): içmek, içki içmek
Collocations
drop (v): düşürmek, azalmak, bırakmak,
arabayla bırakmak last night : dün gece
follow (v): takip etmek, anlamak last week : geçen hafta
forget (v): unutmak stay home : evde kalmak
hike (v): kır yürüyüşü yapmak, yükselmek catch cold : nezle olmak
(fiyat, ücret) this morning : bu sabah
hurt (v): incitmek break arm : kolunu kırmak
join (v): katılmak, birleştirmek bus driver : otobüs şöförü
jump (v): zıplamak take photograph : fotoğraf çekmek
knock (v): vurmak, devirmek favourite dish : favori yemek
know (v): bilmek pay attention : dikkat etmek
mend (v): tamir etmek write letter : mektup yazmak
moon (v): boş boş gezinmek secret document : gizli belge
move (v): hareket etmek, taşınmak, read book : kitap okumak
duygulandırmak
brush teeth : diş fırçalamak
prepare (v): hazırlamak
go fishing : balığa çıkmak
retire (v): emekli olmak
almost immediately : sıcağı sıcağına
set (v): ayarlamak, (güneş vb.) batmak, (bir
yerde) geçmek pay bill : fatura ödemek
shop (v): alışveriş yapmak do homework : ödev yapmak
ski (v): kayak yapmak go to bed : yatmak
smell (v): kokmak, koklamak eat meat : et yemek
spend (v): harcamak wash the dishes : bulaşık yıkamak
tell (v): söylemek excellent condition : mükemmel durum
trade (v): ticaret yapmak, takas etmek play football : futbol oynamak
twist (v): çevirmek take lesson : ders almak
use (v): kullanmak feel sick : hasta hissetmek
visit (v): ziyaret etmek play music : müzik çalmak
walk (v): yürümek long distance : uzun mesafe
get married (v): evlenmek break leg : bacağı kırmak
appear first : ilk defa var olmaya başlamak escape from : …dan kaçmak
give instruction : eğitim, talimat vermek late for : ...ya geç kalmak
come into existence : var olmak, oluşmak at work : işte, iş yerinde
lose match : maçı kaybetmek on vacation : tatilde
make reservation : rezervasyon yapmak shout with : ... ile bağırmak
water plant : bitki sulamak end of : ...nın sonu
weather forecast : hava durumu tahmini stare at : gözlerini ...ya dikmek
get pregnant : hamile kalmak in a hurry : aceleyle
little girl : küçük kız medicine for : …için ilaç
cold air : soğuk hava by the end of : ...nın sonuna kadar
assembly line : montaj hattı for a year : bir yıldır
blow whistle : düdük çalmak steal from : ...dan çalmak
twist ankle : ayak bileğini burkmak listen to : …yı dinlemek
long time : uzun zaman
Prepositions
Past Tenses Tables > Simple Past
I made a mistake yesterday. I didn't make a mistake yesterday.
You made a mistake yesterday. You didn't make a mistake yesterday.
He made a mistake yesterday. He didn't make a mistake yesterday.
She made a mistake yesterday. She didn't make a mistake yesterday.
It made a mistake yesterday. It didn't make a mistake yesterday.
We made a mistake yesterday. We didn't make a mistake yesterday.
They made a mistake yesterday. They didn't make a mistake yesterday.
Kullanım
Geçmişte yaptığımız eylemler
The prisoners escaped from the prison last night.
He left the town five days ago.
Saddam invaded Kuwait in the 1990s.
Sultan Mehmed conquered Istanbul in 1453.
I lost my keys last week, but I found them yesterday.
She bought her house three years ago.
Yuki stayed home because she caught a bad cold.
I grew up in a village.
Yesterday a fire broke out near my house.
I was late for work this morning.
Past Tenses Tables > Simple Past Continuous
I was running at 7 o'clock this morning. I wasn't running at 7 o'clock this morning.
You were running at 7 o'clock this morning. You weren't running at 7 o'clock this morning.
He was running at 7 o'clock this morning. He wasn't running at 7 o'clock this morning.
She was running at 7 o'clock this morning. She wasn't running at 7 o'clock this morning.
It was running at 7 o'clock this morning. It wasn't running at 7 o'clock this morning.
We were running at 7 o'clock this morning. We weren't running at 7 o'clock this morning.
They were running at 7 o'clock this morning. They weren't running at 7 o'clock this morning.
Kullanım 1
Geçmişte belirli bir noktada
yapmakta olduğumuz
eylemler
Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.
They were playing basketball all yesterday afternoon.
Last night at 6 pm, I was eating dinner.
Kullanım 2
Tense Bağlacı
WHEN
…dığı zaman, ..dığında, …
nca
When the accident happened, he was driving carelessly.
He was playing basketball when he broke his arm.
I was walking down the street when it began to rain.
When the earthquake occurred, Jack was sleeping in his room.
The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.
(!!!) The smoke alarm went off when he lit a cigarette underneath it.
(!!!) When she added more salt to the soup, it tasted much better.
(!!!) When I was young, I wanted to be a bus driver.
(!!!) I walked into the house when I heard the noise.
(!!!) When he got home, we started to eat dinner.
Kullanım 3
Tense Bağlacı
WHILE
…iken
While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
While we were watching TV, the burglars stole all our jewellery.
John took a photograph of me while I wasn't looking.
James fell off the stairs yesterday while I was cooking dinner.
While she was studying, Talin was cooking her favourite dish.
I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.
While it was raining yesterday, we were swimming in the sea.
(!!!) A burglar broke into your house while you were away on vacation.
(!!!) While I read to my nephew, he fell asleep, so I covered him up and got out of the room.
(!!!) John cooked dinner while I watched TV.
Past Tenses Tables > Past Perfect
I had done it. I hadn't done it.
You had done it. You hadn't done it.
He had done it. He hadn't done it.
She had done it. She hadn't done it.
It had done it. It hadn't done it.
We had done it. We hadn't done it.
They had done it. They hadn't done it.
Kullanım 1
Geçmişte belirli bir noktadan
daha önce gerçekleşen
eylemleri anlatır
They lost many of the games because they had not practiced enough.
She stayed up all night because she had received bad news.
I arrived very late at the party. All my friends had already gone home.
My dog ripped my dress! I was so upset, I had just bought it!
Kullanım 2
Tense Bağlacı
BEFORE
…dan önce
Before he left the office, he had put all the secret documents in the safe.
Mary had read the book before she watched the film.
(!!!) James brushed his teeth before he went to bed.
(!!!) Before he went fishing, he dug up some worms for bait.
Lisa had established her company before 2008.
(!!!) Before the race, the runners warmed up.
Kullanım 3
Tense Bağlacı
AFTER
…dan sonra
After we had left the party, we went to the cinema.
The boat sank almost immediately after it had struck the rock.
(!!!) After she paid the bill, she placed the receipt in her wallet.
(!!!) Jake felt better after he took an aspirin.
(!!!) A few important facts emerged after the investigation.
(!!!) After the earthquake, a fire broke out.
Kullanım 4
Tense Bağlacı
AS SOON AS
…er …mez
(!!!) They restarted the tennis match as soon as the rain stopped.
(!!!) Because Helen was uninterested in school, she dropped out of high school as soon as she turned sixteen.
As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed.
I talked to the teacher as soon as he had entered the classroom.
Kullanım 5
Tense Bağlacı
ONCE
…dan sonra
(!!!) Once the light came on, we all shouted with joy.
(!!!) I went into the army once I graduated from college.
Once the guests had left, we cleaned the house.
She gave up eating meat once she had read a book about cruelty to animals.
Kullanım 6
Tense Bağlacı
WHEN
…dığı zaman, …dığında, …
nca
(!!!) When I arrived home, my sister was washing the dishes.
(!!!) I was cooking dinner when I remembered his name.
(!!!) When the phone rang, I got up.
(!!!) Her second-hand car was in excellent condition when she bought it.
The bus had already left when Mia arrived at the bus stop.
When the police arrived the scene, the burglars had disappeared.
Kullanım 7
Tense Bağlacı
UNTIL
…e kadar
(!!!) Until he came back, his wife stayed at home.
(!!!) He worked until he was too tired to continue.
(!!!) He decided to say nothing until everyone else had given their opinions.
Until he had read it carefully, he didn’t sign the paper.
She hadn't realized her talent until she sang in the school concert.
Until you mentioned it, I hadn't noticed he got a haircut.
Until last week, James had never played football.
We had stayed in the exam room until the end of the exam.
Kullanım 8
Tense Bağlacı
BY THE TIME
...e kadar
He had already died by the time the ambulance took him to the hospital.
By the time the firefighters arrived, the building had already burnt down.
Kullanım 9
by + zaman
...e kadar, ...e gelindiğinde
By two o’clock, he had finished most of the work.
They had already finished the project by the end of the week.
Past Tenses Tables > Past Perfect Continuous
I had been running for an hour. I hadn't been running for an hour.
You had been running for an hour. You hadn't been running for an hour.
He had been running for an hour. He hadn't been running for an hour.
She had been running for an hour. She hadn't been running for an hour.
It had been running for an hour. It hadn't been running for an hour.
We had been running for an hour. We hadn't been running for an hour.
They had been running for an hour. They hadn't been running for an hour.
Kullanım
Geçmişte başlayıp geçmişte
belirli bir noktaya kadar
devam eden eylemler
In 1990, he had been working in Silicon Valley for three years.
She had been teaching for ten years when we met him.
At six o’clock, we had been working for ten hours.
Bob had been taking guitar lessons for nine years before he gave his first concert.
1. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir? 8. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir?

A) had been tricking A) wasn't distinguishing
B) was forming B) hadn't taken off
C) divided into C) didn't domesticate
D) hadn't tasted D) had been falsifying
2. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir? 9. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir?
A) wasn't hibernating A) was carrying away

B) didn't endow B) taped
C) hadn't brought forward C) had put aside
D) had been assisting D) hadn't been coding
3. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir? 10. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir?
A) didn't underestimate A) had done well

B) had been establishing B) had been immigrating
C) had tricked C) were spotting
D) were familiarizing D) didn't book
4. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir? 11. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir?
A) were brainstorming A) was watching

B) had discussed B) threw up
C) didn't reflect C) had been looking forward to
D) had been disturbing D) hadn't manifested
5. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir? 12. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir?
A) refuted A) were accumulating
B) weren't detesting B) had curtailed
C) had been getting along with C) had been oversleeping
D) hadn't commuted D) didn't massage
6. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir? 13. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir?
A) weren't bursting in A) were supporting
B) fortified B) recreated
C) hadn't refuted C) had challenged
D) had been staying away D) hadn't been absorbing
7. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir? 14. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir?
A) evaluated A) looked after

B) hadn't been committing B) hadn't been spreading
C) hadn't sprayed C) hadn't done without
D) were bringing forward D) weren't frowning
15. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir? 18. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir?
A) hadn't been escalating A) had formed

B) drifted B) were arousing
C) hadn't allowed for C) made sure
D) were exhausting D) hadn't been taking over
16. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir? 19. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir?
A) didn't protect A) were surprising

B) had been associating B) hadn't fallen asleep
C) weren't accommodating C) hadn't been causing
D) hadn't prospered D) signified
17. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir? 20. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir?
A) had been depreciating A) didn't dry
B) had traded B) were bringing about
C) were generating C) had dealt
D) conversed D) had been springing

A) had distracted A) hadn't plotted
B) had been dying out B) didn't follow up
C) weren't preceding C) had been arising
D) combined D) were filling in
A) had archived A) had been frustrating

B) had been colonizing B) weren't knocking
C) was tempting C) planed
D) didn't expend D) hadn't loaded
A) had leaked A) had burst into

B) hadn't been glancing B) had been consenting
C) was irrigating C) wasn't distinguishing
D) didn't vomit D) didn't honour
4. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir? 11. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir?
A) hadn't been endorsing A) were stealing

B) had arranged B) thrilled
C) wasn't modelling C) had dismissed
D) disrupted D) hadn't been encouraging
A) hadn't been contaminating A) legalized

B) paid off B) had been immigrating
C) had worsened C) were advocating
D) was forming D) had compared
A) hogged A) tried
B) had been recreating B) had been bringing forth
C) had filled in C) were consisting of
D) was sliding D) had resulted from
7. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir? 14. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir?
A) wasn't disposing A) had withstood

B) shrank B) had been agreeing
C) had exploded C) didn't punch
D) had been imagining D) were reddening
A) had been admiring A) hadn't been inhaling
B) didn't blackmail B) were siting
C) had pulled down C) defeated
D) was walking D) had expected
16. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir? 24. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir?
A) hadn't been mirroring A) had been bruising

B) had striven B) had stared
C) were laying off C) wasn't attributing
D) strode D) assumed
17. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir? 25. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir?
A) contained A) were recognizing

B) was switching off B) forged
C) hadn't been setting forward C) had got off
D) had agreed D) hadn't been hiring
18. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir? 26. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir?
A) were pretending A) blamed

B) didn't flush B) had extorted
C) had reviewed C) had been gliding
D) hadn't been penetrating D) wasn't hastening
A) wiped out A) were blackmailing
B) had been removing B) had added
C) was appreciating C) had been vaccinating
D) hadn't announced D) blushed
20. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir? 28. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir?
A) were dismaying A) was cleaning up

B) had taken advantage of B) didn't grant
C) dried up C) had transported
D) hadn't been evaluating D) had been stapling
A) stemmed A) weren't talking

B) wasn't looking up B) had been inspecting
C) had dismantled C) had smiled
D) had been mixing D) sawed
A) had engaged A) had put out

B) was backfiring B) had been strangling
C) had been keeping in mind C) was operating
D) exported D) composed
31. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir? 36. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir?
A) had flooded A) had activated

B) had been floating B) was dismissing
C) was marrying C) faced
D) stirred up D) had been consuming
32. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir? 37. Hangisi Past Perfect Tense'dir?
A) wasn't costing A) got in touch with
B) had steered B) had been keeping up with
C) had been risking C) hadn't tripped
D) wished D) were penetrating
A) were invading A) had been mastering
B) benefited B) undertook
C) had harmed C) had thought out
D) had been falling D) were liking
34. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir? 39. Hangisi Simple Past Tense'dir?
A) were mounting A) had been preventing

B) had explained B) didn't select
C) had been answering C) hadn't raced
D) didn't highlight D) were roaming
35. Hangisi Simple Past Continuous Tense'dir? 40. Hangisi Past Perfect Continuous Tense'dir?
A) had proliferated A) weren't inspiring

B) had been preying B) had documented
C) were keeping to C) didn't perform
D) lasted D) had been polishing
1. "had thrown out" hangi tense'dir? 8. "brought on" hangi tense'dir?

A) simple past continuous A) past perfect continuous
B) past perfect continuous B) simple past continuous
C) past perfect C) simple past
D) simple past D) past perfect
2. "had blackmailed" hangi tense'dir? 9. "were gluing" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect continuous A) simple past continuous

B) simple past B) simple past
C) past perfect C) past perfect
D) simple past continuous D) past perfect continuous
3. "had been calculating" hangi tense'dir? 10. "didn't narrate" hangi tense'dir?

B) past perfect B) simple past
C) simple past continuous C) past perfect
D) simple past D) past perfect continuous
4. "explored" hangi tense'dir? 11. "were deciding" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past A) simple past

B) simple past continuous B) past perfect
C) past perfect C) past perfect continuous
D) past perfect continuous D) simple past continuous
5. "published" hangi tense'dir? 12. "hadn't been glimpsing" hangi tense'dir?

A) past perfect A) simple past continuous
B) simple past B) past perfect continuous
C) past perfect continuous C) simple past
D) simple past continuous D) past perfect
6. "wasn't roaring" hangi tense'dir? 13. "had ventured" hangi tense'dir?

C) simple past continuous C) past perfect
D) past perfect D) simple past
7. "was collaborating" hangi tense'dir? 14. "were surviving" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past A) simple past continuous

B) past perfect B) past perfect
C) simple past continuous C) past perfect continuous
D) past perfect continuous D) simple past
15. "had yelled" hangi tense'dir? 18. "hadn't been driving" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect continuous A) past perfect

C) past perfect C) simple past continuous
D) simple past continuous D) simple past
16. "had been loading" hangi tense'dir? 19. "kidnaped" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past A) past perfect continuous

B) past perfect continuous B) simple past
C) past perfect C) simple past continuous
D) simple past continuous D) past perfect
17. "had been revising" hangi tense'dir? 20. "had got by" hangi tense'dir?
B) simple past continuous B) past perfect continuous
C) simple past C) simple past
D) past perfect D) simple past continuous
1. "had been fracturing" hangi tense'dir? 8. "turned into" hangi tense'dir?

A) past perfect A) past perfect continuous
B) simple past continuous B) simple past continuous
2. "weren't tagging" hangi tense'dir? 9. "was pulling down" hangi tense'dir?

3. "had looked forward to" hangi tense'dir? 10. "wasn't affording" hangi tense'dir?

4. "had been subtracting" hangi tense'dir? 11. "wasn't allowing" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple past B) simple past continuous
5. "hadn't been dismaying" hangi tense'dir? 12. "had been cracking" hangi tense'dir?
B) past perfect B) simple past continuous
D) simple past D) simple past
6. "didn't weave" hangi tense'dir? 13. "had gone up" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous A) simple past continuous
B) past perfect B) past perfect continuous
7. "hadn't been exhaling" hangi tense'dir? 14. "hadn't loaded" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past A) past perfect

B) past perfect B) past perfect continuous
D) simple past continuous D) simple past continuous
15. "hadn't shed" hangi tense'dir? 23. "had been dividing" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect continuous A) past perfect continuous

C) simple past C) past perfect
D) simple past continuous D) simple past continuous
16. "was thrusting" hangi tense'dir? 24. "had been going" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect continuous A) simple past

B) simple past B) past perfect
C) simple past continuous C) simple past continuous
D) past perfect D) past perfect continuous
17. "didn't warm" hangi tense'dir? 25. "had coped with" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past A) past perfect continuous

B) past perfect continuous B) simple past
D) past perfect D) past perfect
18. "didn't glimpse" hangi tense'dir? 26. "hadn't loosened" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past A) past perfect
D) past perfect D) simple past
19. "had been driving away" hangi tense'dir? 27. "was triggering" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous A) past perfect
20. "had warned" hangi tense'dir? 28. "rotated" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous A) past perfect continuous

21. "thought out" hangi tense'dir? 29. "was turning on" hangi tense'dir?

C) past perfect continuous C) simple past continuous
D) simple past continuous D) past perfect continuous
22. "hadn't related" hangi tense'dir? 30. "was destroying" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple past continuous B) simple past continuous
C) past perfect continuous C) past perfect
D) past perfect D) past perfect continuous
31. "had been auctioning" hangi tense'dir? 36. "had been counting" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous A) simple past

B) past perfect continuous B) past perfect
C) simple past C) past perfect continuous
32. "didn't harm" hangi tense'dir? 37. "hibernated" hangi tense'dir?

D) past perfect continuous D) past perfect continuous
33. "didn't print" hangi tense'dir? 38. "weren't volunteering" hangi tense'dir?

C) past perfect continuous C) past perfect
D) simple past D) past perfect continuous
34. "compromised" hangi tense'dir? 39. "had judged" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect continuous A) simple past

B) simple past B) simple past continuous
35. "was lying" hangi tense'dir? 40. "had blasted" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple past B) past perfect
1. "had been telling" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "weren't faking" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) söylüyordu A) numara yapmıyordu

B) söyledi B) numara yapmadı
C) söylemiş durumdaydı C) numara yapmamış durumdaydı
2. "dug" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "had been watering" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kazdı A) suluyordu
B) kazıyordu B) suladı
C) kazmış durumdaydı C) sulamış durumdaydı
3. "had reached" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "didn't unite" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ulaşmış durumdaydı A) birleşmiyordu

B) ulaştı B) birleşmedi
C) ulaşıyordu C) birleşmemiş durumdaydı
4. "had been preventing" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "created" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) önledi A) yaratıyordu
B) önlüyordu B) yarattı
C) önlemiş durumdaydı C) yaratmış durumdaydı
5. "had read" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "hadn't stolen" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) okudu A) çalmadı
B) okuyordu B) çalmamış durumdaydı
C) okumuş durumdaydı C) çalmıyordu
6. "was influencing" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "turned up" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) etkiledi A) ortaya çıkıyordu

B) etkilemiş durumdaydı B) ortaya çıktı
C) etkiliyordu C) ortaya çıkmış durumdaydı
7. "had been cheating" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "had been portraying" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) hile yaptı A) resmetti

B) hile yapmış durumdaydı B) resmediyordu
C) hile yapıyordu C) resmetmiş durumdaydı
8. "hadn't undertaken" çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "stole" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) üstlenmedi A) çaldı
B) üstlenmiyordu B) çalmıyordu
C) üstlenmemiş durumdaydı C) çalmamış durumdaydı
9. "were separating" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "had written" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ayırdı A) yazıyordu
B) ayırıyordu B) yazmış durumdaydı
C) ayırmış durumdaydı C) yazdı
19. "was following" çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "was killing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) takip ediyordu A) öldürmüş durumdaydı
B) takip etmiş durumdaydı B) öldürdü
C) takip etti C) öldürüyordu
1. "had suspected" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "was encouraging" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) şüphelenmiş durumdaydı A) cesaretlendirdi

B) şüphelendi B) cesaretlendiriyordu
C) şüpheleniyordu C) cesaretlendirmiş durumdaydı
2. "were cutting down" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "froze" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) kesmiş durumdaydı A) donuyordu
B) kesti B) dondu
C) kesiyordu C) donmuş durumdaydı
3. "didn't improve" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "had been applying" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) gelişmedi A) başvurdu
B) gelişmiyordu B) başvuruyordu
C) gelişmemiş durumdaydı C) başvurmuş durumdaydı
4. "was joking" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "were curing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) şaka yapıyordu A) tedavi etti

B) şaka yaptı B) tedavi ediyordu
C) şaka yapmış durumdaydı C) tedavi etmiş durumdaydı
5. "had balanced" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "had withdrawn" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) dengelemiş durumdaydı A) geri çekildi

B) dengeledi B) geri çekiliyordu
C) dengeliyordu C) geri çekilmiş durumdaydı
6. "undid" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "had been swinging" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) çözdü A) sallanıyordu
B) çözüyordu B) sallandı
C) çözmüş durumdaydı C) sallanmış durumdaydı
7. "hid" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "expired" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) saklıyordu A) süresi doldu
B) saklamış durumdaydı B) süresi doluyordu
C) sakladı C) süresi dolmuş durumdaydı
8. "had been contesting" çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "had been wiping" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yarıştı A) sildi
B) yarışıyordu B) siliyordu
C) yarışmış durumdaydı C) silmiş durumdaydı
9. "had been managing" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "were laying" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yönetti A) koydu
B) yönetmiş durumdaydı B) koyuyordu
C) yönetiyordu C) koymuş durumdaydı
19. "didn't perspire" çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "inscribed" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) terlememiş durumdaydı A) yazdı

B) terlemiyordu B) yazıyordu
C) terlemedi C) yazmış durumdaydı
20. "was rewarding" çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "had been putting" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ödül veriyordu A) koyuyordu
B) ödül verdi B) koydu
C) ödül vermiş durumdaydı C) koymuş durumdaydı
21. "weren't coming" çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "had narrated" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) gelmemiş durumdaydı A) anlatmış durumdaydı
B) gelmedi B) anlattı
C) gelmiyordu C) anlatıyordu
22. "had been disturbing" çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "had controlled" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) rahatsız ediyordu A) kontrol etmiş durumdaydı

B) rahatsız etti B) kontrol etti
C) rahatsız etmiş durumdaydı C) kontrol ediyordu
23. "were inventing" çevirisi hangisidir? 32. "had focused" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) icat etti A) odaklamış durumdaydı

B) icat ediyordu B) odakladı
C) icat etmiş durumdaydı C) odaklıyordu
24. "had been communicating" çevirisi 33. "didn't bring" çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) getirmiyordu
A) iletişim kurdu B) getirmedi
B) iletişim kuruyordu C) getirmemiş durumdaydı
C) iletişim kurmuş durumdaydı
34. "were connecting" çevirisi hangisidir?

25. "had overslept" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bağlantı kuruyordu
A) uyuyakaldı B) bağlantı kurdu
B) uyuyakaldı C) bağlantı kurmuş durumdaydı
C) uyuyakalmış durumdaydı
35. "acclaimed" çevirisi hangisidir?

26. "had been watching" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) alkışlıyordu
A) izledi B) alkışlamış durumdaydı
B) izlemiş durumdaydı C) alkışladı
C) izliyordu
36. "had formed" çevirisi hangisidir?

27. "had communicated" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) oluşturmuş durumdaydı
A) iletişim kurdu B) oluşturdu
B) iletişim kurmuş durumdaydı C) oluşturuyordu
C) iletişim kuruyordu
37. "hadn't been causing" çevirisi hangisidir? 39. "was spying" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sebep olmadı A) casusluk yaptı
B) sebep olmuyordu B) casusluk yapıyordu
C) sebep olmamış durumdaydı C) casusluk yapmış durumdaydı
38. "swung" çevirisi hangisidir? 40. "had sent" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sallanıyordu A) gönderdi
B) sallanmış durumdaydı B) gönderiyordu
C) sallandı C) göndermiş durumdaydı
1: You were feeling sick, because you had been 6: The unhappy student stared at the test; he had
eating too much junk food all day. studied the wrong material.
TR: TR:
2: The travellers had a lot of trouble, because they 7: The employee was continually coming to work
had lost their passports. late, so our boss sacked him.
TR: TR:
8: Neanderthal people first appeared on the Earth

3: We rang the police, because the neighbours
around 200,000 years ago in Africa.
were playing the music very loud.
TR:
TR:
4: The Incas of Machu Picchu worshipped the sun. 9: We went to the train station in a hurry, but the
TR: train hadn't come yet.
TR:
5: The long distance runner had been running 2 km

a day before he broke her leg.
TR:
10: The crew gave instructions to the passengers.
TR:
1: Americans located six flags on the moon. 8: The plants died because we had actually been
TR: watering them too much.
TR:
2: The earth came into existence about five

thousand million years ago.
TR:
9: The weather forecast was good, but it was
raining at that moment.
TR:
3: We lost the match, because we had not practised

the days before.
TR:
10: By the end of the battle, the Mexican army had
lost over 1000 soldiers.
TR:
4: She had studied medicine for 8 years before she

graduated in 2008.
TR:
11: Thankfully, Jane had not been smoking for a

year before she got pregnant.
TR:
5: The police were searching for the missing child.

TR:
12: The little girl was shivering in the cold air.

TR:
6: Unfortunately, we hadn’t made a hotel
reservation before the trip.
TR:
13: The invasion ended on 21 April 1961.

TR:
7: The island of Greenland came under Denmark's 14: Henry Ford invented the assembly line.
authority in the early 1800s. TR:
TR:
15: She had been stealing from the company for

three months.
TR:
Past Tense Questions > Introduction
1. When I first ---- to this house, it was quite a 8. I ---- to music loudly when our neighbour
noisy area. rang the doorbell.
A) had come B) came A) was listening B) listened
2. I ---- the soldiers as they ---- over the bridge. 9. The Smith family's ancestors ---- in Virginia
when the war started.
A) saw / were B) was seeing / had been
marching marching A) were living B) lived
3. The entire world ---- the television on the day

Neil Armstrong ---- on the moon. 10. When we ---- home, we discovered that water
---- the walls.
A) was watching / B) watched / was
landed landing A) reached / was B) were reaching /
running down ran down
Translation:
Translation:
4. By the time we got there, the game already -- 11. As the fire broke out, people ---- out of their
--. house.
A) had started B) had been starting A) hurried B) had hurried
5. Two turtles ---- slowly the dusty road when 12. Joe got a degree in 1977 after he ---- at the
we ----. university for over 5 years.
A) were crossing / B) crossed / were A) had studied B) studied
passed by passing by
Translation:
Translation:
6. She ---- her wallet before she came home. 13. By the time the fire fighters ----, the fire ----
many houses and cars.
A) had been losing B) had lost
Translation: A) had arrived / B) arrived / had
destroyed destroyed
Translation:
7. Simon returned the money he ---- a week
earlier.
A) had borrowed B) was borrowing

Translation:
14. She ---- origami for quite some time before 18. They ---- in that house for 10 years when it
she came up with this technique. was destroyed by an earthquake.
A) had been practising B) was practising A) had been living B) were living
15. When I saw him last, he ---- asleep in the 19. After the referee ---- the whistle, the players
chair. began playing
A) was sitting B) sat A) had blown B) had been blowing
16. Tom ---- five times before he got his first job.
20. After the man ---- home, he ---- the cat.
A) had interviewed B) had been interviewing
A) had come / fed B) came / had fed
Translation:
Translation:
17. By the time the teacher arrived we ---- for 3

hours.
A) had been waiting B) were waiting
Translation:
Past Tense Questions > Homework
1. She ---- for almost an hour when she got an 8. When I walked into the room, everyone ----.
important phone call.
A) was working B) worked
A) had been shopping B) was shopping
Translation:
Translation:
9. We ---- along the coast when we ---- a bear.
2. She ---- there for 30 years until she ----. A) hiked / were seeing B) were hiking / saw
Translation:
A) worked / had retired B) had worked / retired
Translation:
10. We ---- the museum that our friend ---- us
about a month before.
3. The war ---- on for two years when John
joined the army. A) visited / had told B) had visited / told
A) had been going B) had gone Translation:
Translation:
11. I ---- in the wrong direction for an hour

before I noticed my mistake and turned back.
4. He ---- his friend yesterday but when he
knocked on the door he realized that nobody A) had been driving B) was driving
was at home.
Translation:
A) was visiting B) visited
Translation:
12. The milk smelt bad because I ---- to put it in

the fridge.
A) had forgotten B) had been forgetting
5. The new channels followed the old pathways
that native peoples ---- for centuries. Translation:
A) had been using B) were using
Translation:
13. I went to John's room and ---- on the door
but there was no answer.
A) knocked B) had knocked
6. While I was sleeping, my mother ---- the meal Translation:
for us.
A) had been preparing B) was preparing
Translation:
7. He twisted his ankle while he ----.
A) had been skiing B) was skiing

Translation:
14. I began English at a secondary school. Then 20. The old lady ---- stockings when the lights
I ---- it for a year and forgot most of it. After went out.
that I spent two years in Cambridge.
A) was mending B) mended
A) dropped B) had dropped
Translation:
Translation:
21. She ---- at that company for three years when

it went out of business.
A) had been working B) was working

Translation:
15. When we came back, it was cold in the
house because Alice ---- the windows.
A) did not close B) had not closed
Translation: 22. The lights ---- off because we hadn’t paid the
electricity bill.
A) went B) were going
Translation:
16. The hikers ---- in the tent when the guide got
back.
A) were sleeping B) had been sleeping
Translation: 23. Her hand ---- hurting because she ----
computer games all day.
A) started / had been B) had been starting /
playing played
17. The family ---- a television program when the
burglar ---- into the house. Translation:
A) was watching / B) watched / was
broke breaking
Translation:
24. The Apollo 13 astronauts ---- to land on the
moon when they ---- a problem with the
spaceship.
A) were preparing / B) prepared / were
18. Before we ---- in the playground, we had discovered discovering
done our homework.
Translation:
A) played B) were playing
Translation:
25. Yesterday a boy ---- the snowman that we ---

19. In the 19th century BCE a number of -.
merchants from Assyria ---- up a trading
sector in the city that ---- up in the area. A) had destroyed / B) destroyed / had
built built
A) set / had built B) had set / built
Translation:
Translation:
26. He ---- her for a long time before he finally 28. I ---- coffee all morning, and in the end I felt
got married to her. really strange.
A) had known B) knew A) had been drinking B) had drunk
27. Before that day in winter, the African boy ---- 29. He jumped on the bus when it ---- to move.
snow in his life.
A) started B) was starting
A) never saw B) had never seen
Translation:
Translation:
30. He ---- less than an hour when he ran out of

petrol.
A) were driving B) had been driving
Translation:
1 ıslık early whistle drop opinion
fırçalamak, süpürmek,
2 television brush exam bear
hafifçe dokunmak
3 çalışan friend building employee watch
4 tabak, yemek, bulaşık missing dish document meal
5 hırsız walk into safe cross burglar
6 gözlerini dikmek player bus stop stare come up with
7 devam etmek get married bad sign continue
8 ayrılmak, bırakmak arrive leave student channel
9 montaj, meclis secret assembly finish moon
10 durum, koşul, rahatsızlık condition see strike station
11 bulmak (çözüm yolu vs) secondary come up with girl coast
12 gezi upset trip immediately direction
13 bağırmak break borrow native shout
14 dikkatsiz bir biçimde carelessly stay taste train
15 katılmak, birleştirmek before join practise concert
16 kazmak, araştırmak people come back hospital dig
17 deprem shop come on dig earthquake
18 yüksek sesle lady die loudly water
19 mezun olmak stay in light forecast graduate
20 kanal teach channel close trade
21 beklemek wait burn down joy graduate
22 yerli continue graduate use native
23 köprü, briç carefully existence bridge plant
24 ordu boy entire earthquake army
25 fikir discover realize tell opinion
26 asker soldier sack school establish
27 ortadan kaybolmak disappear war dish return
28 bütün entire salt moon eat
29 ayak bileği joy ankle work happen
30 ulaşmak, uzanmak distance reach vacation snow
fethetmek, üstesinden
31 first receive conquer twist
gelmek
32 ada by the time loud run island
33 ödünç almak forecast before earth borrow
34 mükemmel drink emerge give up excellent
35 kol, silah arm notice passport remember
36 önemli come into return find important
37 tatil conquer battle pregnant vacation
38 takip etmek, anlamak letter hurt follow break out
farkına varmak,
39 material get out of practise realize
gerçekleştirmek
40 çadır tent shout disappear break
kırmak, bozmak, ara
41 break destroy paper street
vermek
42 sahne, manzara tooth war desk scene
43 yem, tuzak bait stay up use study
fatura, kanun tasarısı,
44 company practise boss bill
banknot, gaga
45 buzdolabı pregnant walk down fridge college
46 kalmak smell technique sleep stay
(sigara vs) içmek,
47 road shout smoke land on
tütsülemek
48 esmek, üflemek, patlamak blow street film strike
49 çalmak invasion steal museum prison
50 meydana gelmek light occur reservation walk into
51 tamir etmek ancestor condition mend lose
ısınmak (spor için),
52 ısıtmak, (eğlendirerek) house room warm up trip
canlandırmak
53 fark etmek notice receipt cover mend
54 bölge, yüz ölçümü tent enough begin area
grev yapmak, çarpmak,
55 etkilemek (afet vs), ankle strike high school company
saldırmak
56 devamlı olarak meal remember teacher continually
57 keşfetmek discover boat break come under
58 rehber fire search for guide soup
59 temizlemek make worship spaceship clean
60 hamile crew talent pregnant wallet
61 savaş, mücadele hiker salt battle trade
62 unutmak forget find when line
63 zulüm cruelty arrive at week hurry
64 patlak vermek, firar etmek break out set chair forget
65 maalesef moment work dusty unfortunately
66 ayı bear doorbell smoke make
67 yetenek leg invade boy talent
68 bacak, etap come up with prison leg secret
69 gizli secret carelessly finally ring
70 hırsız thief arrive teacher weather
71 aslında hour break out actually play
72 incitmek high school hurt unhappy ski
73 görüşme yapmak coast interview end soup
74 satın almak, kanmak buy runner go desk
75 hazırlamak prepare key neighbour moment
76 yolcu drop out passenger bear rip
77 üzmek, bozmak upset worm living last
78 almak sack stay up receive employee
79 hasta, midesi bulanmış condition smell sick week
80 bayrak chair town run out of flag
81 makbuz, tahsilat sit receipt loudly receive
82 kayıp salesman film missing go to bed
83 mağaza, depo store take month carefully
84 ...ya dikkat etmek strike army talk pay attention to
85 ortaya çıkmak light news finish emerge
86 tozlu fridge help dusty fire
ateş, yangın, ateş etme
87 town fire distance read
(silah)
88 mesafe restart distance road end
89 yok etmek feel appear rip destroy
90 mahkum cold water employee prisoner
91 oldukça search for scene take quite
92 varlık search for burn down existence trouble
93 cüzdan, portföy pay wallet ankle hear
94 güvende, güvenli rock bus safe dinner
95 çorba join coffee money soup
96 müşteri window customer receive begin
97 bitki, santral come burglar hiker plant
98 çevirmek finish hike twist die
99 kaza, tesadüf happen accident friend write
100 cadde street bill shout pay attention to
101 devam etmek go on hurry sink almost
102 titremek girl shiver interview know
103 meydana gelmek sector happen catch continually
104 tüccar merchant technique secret burglar
105 kurmak, belirlemek establish match talent cold
106 tapmak army worship give up train
107 hapishane prison film pathway occur
108 söylemek stop listen tired tell
109 imzalamak graduate loudly pass by sign
110 icat etmek, uydurmak dish invent cruelty work
read brush almost bill take
feel give come into lose make
forecast get blow twist long
catch break take pay secret
1 ---- cold nezle olmak
2 ---- arm kolunu kırmak
3 ---- photograph fotoğraf çekmek
4 ---- attention dikkat etmek
5 ---- document gizli belge
6 ---- book kitap okumak
7 ---- teeth diş fırçalamak
8 ---- immediately sıcağı sıcağına
9 pay ---- fatura ödemek
10 ---- lesson ders almak
11 ---- sick hasta hissetmek
12 ---- instruction eğitim, talimat vermek
13 ---- existence var olmak, oluşmak
14 ---- match maçı kaybetmek
15 ---- reservation rezervasyon yapmak
16 weather ---- hava durumu tahmini
17 ---- pregnant hamile kalmak
18 ---- whistle düdük çalmak
19 ---- ankle ayak bileğini burkmak
20 ---- time uzun zaman
1 escape ---- …dan kaçmak

2 late ---- ...ya geç kalmak
3 ---- work işte, iş yerinde
4 ---- vacation tatilde
5 shout ---- ... ile bağırmak
6 end ---- ...nın sonu
7 stare ---- gözlerini ...ya dikmek
8 ---- a hurry aceleyle
9 medicine ---- …için ilaç
10 ---- the end of ...nın sonuna kadar
11 ---- a year bir yıldır
12 steal ---- ...dan çalmak
13 listen ---- …yı dinlemek
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Past Tenses ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Future Tenses
• Unit Words
• Table of Future Tenses
• Future Tense Questions
cook (v): pişirmek

Vocabulary
high (adj): yüksek, kafayı bulmuş explode (v): patlamak
low (adj): alçak, keyifsiz finish (v): bitirmek
small (adj): küçük go (v): gitmek
next (adj): sonraki leave (v): ayrılmak, bırakmak
abroad (adv): yurt dışında move (v): hareket etmek, taşınmak,

duygulandırmak
later (adv): daha sonra
phone (v): telefon etmek
naturally (adv): doğal olarak, doğuştan
quit (v): pes etmek
yesterday (adv): dün
rain (v): yağmur yağmak
today (adv): bugün
repair (v): onarmak
tomorrow (adv, n): yarın
stay (v): kalmak
afternoon (n): öğleden sonra
talk (v): konuşmak
apartment (n): apartman dairesi
for the time being (adv): şimdilik
bomb (n): bomba
bring about (pv): sebep olmak
breakfast (n): kahvaltı
get back (pv): geri dönmek, geri almak
cat (n): kedi
look after (pv): ilgilenmek
computer (n): bilgisayar
approximately (adv): yaklaşık olarak
decade (n): on yıl
probably (adv): muhtemelen
dentist (n): dişçi
horizon (n): ufuk
destruction (n): yıkım
sun (n): güneş
dinner (n): akşam yemeği
year (n): yıl
father (n): baba, Tanrı
sink (v): batmak
forecast (n): tahmin
work (v): çalışmak, işe yaramak
home (n): ev, yurt
dramatic (adj): çarpıcı, tiyatroyla ilgili
homework (n): ödev
slow (adj): yavaş
housework (n): ev işi
again (adv): tekrar
job (n): iş
airport (n): hava limanı
mankind (n): insanoğlu
mother (n): anne
earth (n): dünya, toprak
price (n): fiyat
flower (n): çiçek
sick (n): hasta, kusmuk
increase (n): artış
supply (n): kaynak
month (n): ay
toothache (n): diş ağrısı
pilot (n): pilot
uncle (n): amca/dayı
weather (n): hava durumu
publisher (n): yayıncı
according to (pp): …e göre
traffic (n): trafik, kaçakçılık
vacation (n): tatil intelligent (adj): zeki
arrive (v): varmak relaxed (adj): rahat
experience (v): tecrübe etmek same (adj): aynı
faint (v): bayılmak aeroplane (n): uçak

land (v): iniş yapmak appointment (n): randevu, atama
hear from (pv): (birinden) haber almak astronaut (n): astronot

come back (pv): geri dönmek, tekrar moda company (n): şirket, eşlik
olmak
engineer (n): mühendis
morning (n): sabah
exam (n): sınav
project (n): proje
girl (n): kız
rest (n): dinlenme, geri kalanı
summer (n): yaz mevsimi
ice (n): buz
lake (n): göl
big (adj): büyük
midnight (n): gece yarısı
global (adj): küresel
night shift (n): gece mesaisi, gece
significant (adj): önemli vardiyası çalışanları
debt (n): borç nurse (n): hemşire
field (n): arazi, alan planet (n): gezegen
governor (n): yönetici presentation (n): sunum

house (n): ev rent (n): kira
immigration (n): göç scientist (n): bilim insanı

innovation (n): yenilik secretary (n): sekreter, bakan
news (n): haber, haber programı sheet (n): çarşaf, tabaka
people (n): insanlar, halk week (n): hafta

role (n): görev, rol world (n): dünya
sale (n): satış, indirim plus (prep): artı
spring (n): ilkbahar, yay, pınar, ani sıçrama come (v): gelmek
stock (n): stok do (v): yapmak
store (n): mağaza, depo end (v): bitmek
European Union (n): Avrupa Birliği live (v): yaşamak

build (v): inşa etmek rule (v): yönetmek, hüküm vermek
fly (v): uçmak, uçakla gitmek, hızlıca travel (v): seyahat etmek, yol almak
ayrılmak
pay (v): ödemek
at this rate (phr): böyle giderse
prolong (v): süresini uzatmak
till (conj, prep): ...e kadar
use (v): kullanmak
take off (pv): çıkarmak (kıyafet), kalkış
as soon as possible (phr): olabildiğince yapmak, başarılı olmak
çabuk
set up (pv): kurmak, ayarlamak, oyuna
get rid of (pv): kurtulmak getirmek
bad (adj): kötü arrive at (pv): ulaşmak
wait for (pv): beklemek Friday (n): Cuma
day (n): gün, gündüz hour (n): saat

holidaymaker (n): tatilci mural (n): duvar resmi
moon (n): ay, (doğal) uydu practice (n): uygulama, idman
night (n): gece researcher (n): araştırmacı

passenger (n): yolcu snow (n): kar
room (n): oda, alan walk (n): yürüyüş
station (n): istasyon, vaziyet way (n): yol, yöntem
study (n): araştırma, çalışma eat (v): yemek

train (n): tren get (v): elde etmek, ulaşmak, anlamak
complete (v): tamamlamak hope (v): ummak
drive (v): (araba) sürmek, harekete learn (v): öğrenmek

geçirmek
melt (v): erimek
find (v): bulmak
pass (v): geçmek, uzatmak, pas vermek
reach (v): ulaşmak, uzanmak
paint (v): boyamak
ring (v): telefon etmek, zil çalmak
surf (v): internette gezinmek, sörf yapmak
sail (v): gemiyle seyahat etmek
if you like (phr): isterseniz
check in (pv): giriş yapmak
sleep (v): uyumak
work on (pv): üzerinde çalışmak, ikna
etmeye çalışmak sunbathe (v): güneşlenmek
famous (adj): meşhur take (v): almak, (süre) almak
strange (adj): tuhaf, yabancı think (v): düşünmek
here (adv): burası, Tanıştırayım!, İşte visit (v): ziyaret etmek

burada!
wait (v): beklemek
next (adv): daha sonra
mother (v): annelik yapmak
Collocations
April (n): Nisan
weather forecast : hava durumu tahmini
artist (n): sanatçı
nuclear war : nükleer savaş
beach (n): plaj
go to work : işe gitmek
cake (n): kek, kalıp
have dinner : akşam yemeği yemek
cancer (n): kanser
do housework : ev işi yapmak
children (n): çocuklar
do homework : ödev yapmak
class (n): sınıf (okul), ders, sınıf (toplum)
get home : eve gelmek
clock (n): saat, gösterge
quit a job : işten ayrılmak
coast (n): sahil
dramatic increase : çarpıcı artış
course (n): kurs, yemek, saha, gidişat
significant role : önemli rol
cure (n): çare
global economy : küresel ekonomi
end (n): son
technological innovation : teknolojik
fire alarm (n): yangın alarmı yenilik
life expectancy : ömür | yaşam talk about : ... hakkında konuşmak
süresi/beklentisi
work for : … için çalışmak
use computer : bilgisayar kullanmak
by the end of : ...nın sonuna kadar
population may fall : nüfus düşebilir
increase in : ...da artış
next spring : gelecek ilkbahar
arrive at : ...ya ulaşmak/varmak
give interview : röportaj vermek
by morning : sabaha / sabahleyin
set up appointment : randevu ayarlamak
work on : ... üzerinde çalışmak
ice sheet : buz tabakası
in the future : gelecekte
rule world : dünyayı yönetmek
role in : ...da rol
bad weather : kötü hava
talk to : ...ile konuşmak
feel relaxed : rahatlamak
a group of : bir grup ...
next week : gelecek hafta
travel to : ...ya seyahat
stay home : evde kalmak
by the year : ... yılına kadar
watch television : televizyon izlemek
land on : ...ya iniş yapmak
same time : aynı zamanda
at the end of sth : bir şeyin sonunda
Prepositions work with : ... ile çalışmak
stay with : birlikte kalmak stay in : ...da kalmak
move to : ...ya taşınmak late for : ...ya geç kalmak
at home : evde across the world : dünya çapında
Table of Future Tenses > Simple Future
I will do it tomorrow. I won't do it tomorrow.
You will do it tomorrow. You won't do it tomorrow.
He will do it tomorrow. He won't do it tomorrow.
She will do it tomorrow. She won't do it tomorrow.
It will do it tomorrow. It won't do it tomorrow.
We will do it tomorrow. We won't do it tomorrow.
They will do it tomorrow. They won't do it tomorrow.
Kullanım 1
Gelecekte gerçekleşecek
eylemler
Before she leaves, she will repair the computer.
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
I am staying with my uncle for the time being, but later I will move to a small apartment.
When the supply is low, the price will naturally go higher.
I will go to the dentist’s as soon as I have a toothache.
A nuclear war will bring about the destruction of mankind.
He will look after the cats for me while I'm abroad.
Because my mother is sick, my father will cook today.
As soon as he finishes his breakfast, he will go to work.
I will stay at home until you phone me.
Kullanım 2
be going to do
We are going to have dinner at eight o’clock.
Robots are going to do all the housework in the next decade.
I am going to do my homework when I get home this afternoon.
We talked about it yesterday and I am going to quit my job tomorrow.
Get back! The bomb is going to explode.
Table of Future Tenses > Simple Future Continuous
I will be doing it at this time tomorrow. I won't be doing it at this time tomorrow.
You will be doing it at this time tomorrow. You won't be doing it at this time tomorrow.
He will be doing it at this time tomorrow. He won't be doing it at this time tomorrow.
She will be doing it at this time tomorrow. She won't be doing it at this time tomorrow.
It will be doing it at this time tomorrow. It won't be doing it at this time tomorrow.
We will be doing it at this time tomorrow. We won't be doing it at this time tomorrow.
They will be doing it at this time tomorrow. They won't be doing it at this time tomorrow.
Kullanım
Gelecekte bir noktada yapıyor
olacağımız eylemler
I will be working for my father this time next year.
My mother will probably be cooking when we get home.
At approximately 7:30, the sun will be sinking behind the horizon.
Table of Future Tenses > Future Perfect
I will have done it by Friday. I won't have done it by Friday.
You will have done it by Friday. You won't have done it by Friday.
He will have done it by Friday. He won't have done it by Friday.
She will have done it by Friday. She won't have done it by Friday.
It will have done it by Friday. It won't have done it by Friday.
We will have done it by Friday. We won't have done it by Friday.
They will have done it by Friday. They won't have done it by Friday.
Kullanım
Gelecekte bir noktada
yapmış, bitirmiş, tamamlamış
olacağımız eylemler
We will have heard from the publishers again by next month.
By the end of the century, the earth will have experienced a dramatic increase in temperature.
By the time you come back from your vacation, all the flowers will have fainted.
The plane will have landed by the time we arrive at the airport in this slow traffic.
On the 30th of next month, she will have been a pilot for four years.
Table of Future Tenses > Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been doing it. I won't have been doing it.
You will have been doing it. You won't have been doing it.
He will have been doing it. He won't have been doing it.
She will have been doing it. She won't have been doing it.
It will have been doing it. It won't have been doing it.
We will have been doing it. We won't have been doing it.
They will have been doing it. They won't have been doing it.
Kullanım
Gelecekteki bir eylemi ne
kadar zamandır yapıyor
olacağımız bu tense ile ifade
edilir
By morning, we will have been working ten hours without a rest.
He will have been studying French six years by next summer.
By the end of the month, we will have been working on the project for two years.
1. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir? 8. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir?

A) will succeed A) won't have been smelling
B) will be roaring B) will overhear
C) won't have ruled against C) won't be paying off
D) will have been calling off D) won't have thawed
2. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous 9. Hangisi Future Perfect Continuous

A) will have been bombarding A) will be regulating
B) will have cared B) will have been blossoming
C) will prolong C) will have glimpsed
D) won't be salting D) will remedy
3. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir? 10. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous

Tense'dir?
A) will have been dictating
B) will be picking A) will have been touring
C) won't have lived B) will have faked
D) won't unload C) will feel up to
D) will be sprinkling
4. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir?

11. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir?
A) won't be shutting up
B) won't evade A) will have been flourishing
C) will have been depriving B) won't be waving
D) won't have expired C) will have functioned
D) will mobilize

12. Hangisi Future Perfect Continuous
A) will affect Tense'dir?
B) will have been fading out
A) will be distrusting
C) will have blown
B) won't have been sabotaging
D) will be stealing
C) will have endured
D) will tremble
Tense'dir?
13. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous
A) won't have been competing Tense'dir?
B) will have identified
A) will have been allying
C) won't wake up
B) will have come along
D) will be answering
C) won't alleviate
D) will be slowing down
Tense'dir?
A) will be booming Tense'dir?
B) won't have been inducing
A) won't have been spiting
C) won't have traded
B) won't have dived
D) will dwell
C) will worsen
D) will be breaking up
Tense'dir?
A) won't be vetoing
B) won't mummify A) will have been engaging
C) will have been sending B) won't be ruining
D) will have cared C) will have caught
D) will win

A) will have ruined
B) will subject A) will have been bursting
C) will have been coinciding B) will have benefited
D) won't be advertising C) will paralyze
D) will be chopping

Tense'dir? 20. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir?
A) won't have been calculating A) will have been revising

B) will disguise B) will be tagging
C) will be beating C) will have bet
D) will have wanted D) won't swap
1. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir? 8. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir?
A) won't be exiling A) won't pour

B) will save B) will be dislocating
C) will have been privatizing C) will have funded
D) won't have imitated D) will have been participating
2. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir? 9. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous

Tense'dir?
A) will be showering
B) will have enrolled A) will have been deeming
C) won't have been abiding by B) will borrow
D) will brush C) will be alleging
D) won't have kept out

A) won't be weaving Tense'dir?
B) won't frown
A) will be growing into
C) will have been keeping out
B) will have been hastening
D) won't have produced
C) won't have determined
D) won't meet
A) will grind 11. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous

B) will have been rising Tense'dir?
C) will have embodied
A) will have been cropping
D) will be boycotting
B) will have consented
C) will sort
5. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir? D) won't be setting
A) will have been broadcasting
B) won't be going along with 12. Hangisi Future Perfect Continuous
C) won't notify Tense'dir?
D) will have inscribed A) will be limiting
B) will have been looking down
6. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous C) will have postponed
Tense'dir? D) will sentence
A) won't control
B) will be restraining 13. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous
C) will have isolated Tense'dir?
D) will have been splitting A) won't have overflowed
B) will slow down
7. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir? C) will have been running out of
D) will be annoying
A) will have been leasing
B) won't have smoked
C) will pass away 14. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir?
D) will be obeying A) won't be smuggling
B) won't have explained
C) will have been altering
D) will dismay
15. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir? 22. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir?
A) will be disabling A) won't have edited
B) won't have settled B) will be criticizing
C) will have been corrupting C) won't pull through
D) will come from D) won't have been fooling
Tense'dir?
A) won't be risking
B) will have been settling down A) will have been photographing
C) will break out B) will confront
D) will have wanted C) will be decreasing
D) will have injured

Tense'dir? 24. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir?
A) will have been tagging A) will have missed

B) won't equal B) won't salt
C) will be limiting C) will be projecting
D) will have snowed D) won't have been conducting
18. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir? 25. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous
Tense'dir?
A) will have been exceeding
B) will be dreaming A) won't have been educating
C) will distract B) will exile
D) will have blossomed C) won't be destroying
D) won't have cooled

Tense'dir? 26. Hangisi Future Perfect Continuous
Tense'dir?
A) will plan
B) won't have been plugging A) will have submerged
C) will be enslaving B) won't be coding
D) will have sawn C) will backfire
D) will have been dropping by

A) will bring together Tense'dir?
B) won't be searching for
A) will have been expending
C) will have been hesitating
B) will be emigrating
D) will have pioneered
C) won't have validated
D) will undertake
A) will be wondering 28. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir?
B) will have accompanied
A) will have rusted
C) will have been growing up
B) will rinse
D) will nominate
C) will have been discovering
D) will be asking
29. Hangisi Future Perfect Continuous 35. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) will have banged
A) will have been upholding B) will cough
B) will have tagged C) will be abounding
C) will leave out D) won't have been meaning
D) will be correlating

30. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous Tense'dir?
Tense'dir?
A) will have innovated
A) won't have been attending B) will be upgrading
B) will have drilled C) will stand out
C) will run away with D) will have been extorting
D) won't be posting

31. Hangisi Future Perfect Tense'dir? Tense'dir?
A) will have been typing A) won't have emigrated

B) won't have bounced B) will be going up
C) will afford C) will interfere
D) will be pollinating D) will have been exterminating
32. Hangisi Future Perfect Continuous 38. Hangisi Simple Future Continuous
A) won't be smoothing A) won't have been improvising
B) will limit B) won't have exhaled
C) won't have been thawing C) won't complain
D) will have washed D) will be needling
33. Hangisi Simple Future Tense'dir? 39. Hangisi Future Perfect Continuous
Tense'dir?
A) won't have inhaled
B) will execute A) will hang out
C) will have been concealing B) will have been acting
D) will be shocking C) will have laid
D) will be staying behind

A) will be magnifying Tense'dir?
B) will have contributed to
A) will have been interfering
C) will show around
B) will have germinated
D) will have been registering
C) won't carry away
D) won't be collaborating
1. "will have cheered up" hangi tense'dir? 8. "will have coughed" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect A) simple future
B) future perfect continuous B) future perfect continuous
C) simple future continuous C) simple future continuous
D) simple future D) future perfect
2. "will have been breaking out" hangi 9. "won't have mocked" hangi tense'dir?
tense'dir?
A) simple future
A) future perfect continuous B) future perfect continuous
B) simple future C) future perfect
C) future perfect D) simple future continuous
D) simple future continuous
10. "will be clearing" hangi tense'dir?

3. "will be overlooking" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future continuous
A) simple future B) future perfect continuous
B) future perfect continuous C) future perfect
C) future perfect D) simple future
11. "won't associate with" hangi tense'dir?

4. "won't be dividing" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect
B) future perfect C) simple future
C) simple future D) simple future continuous
12. "will have been shutting up" hangi tense'dir?

5. "will blur" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect
A) simple future continuous B) simple future continuous
B) future perfect C) future perfect continuous
C) future perfect continuous D) simple future
D) simple future
13. "will be setting up" hangi tense'dir?

6. "will have been sparing" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect continuous
A) simple future continuous B) simple future continuous
C) simple future D) simple future
D) future perfect
14. "won't rehearse" hangi tense'dir?

7. "will have been auctioning off" hangi
tense'dir? A) future perfect continuous
B) simple future continuous
A) future perfect continuous
C) simple future
D) future perfect
C) simple future
D) future perfect
15. "will spell" hangi tense'dir? 18. "won't be hastening" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect continuous A) future perfect

B) simple future B) simple future
C) simple future continuous C) future perfect continuous
D) future perfect D) simple future continuous
16. "will have looked down" hangi tense'dir? 19. "won't have countered" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect A) simple future continuous
C) future perfect continuous C) future perfect
D) simple future continuous D) future perfect continuous
17. "won't have been oscillating" hangi 20. "will regulate" hangi tense'dir?
tense'dir?
A) future perfect
B) simple future C) simple future continuous
C) future perfect D) simple future
1. "will have hurried" hangi tense'dir? 8. "will be communicating" hangi tense'dir?

C) future perfect continuous C) future perfect continuous
D) simple future continuous D) future perfect
2. "will have been eating" hangi tense'dir? 9. "will have digested" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future continuous A) future perfect
B) simple future B) future perfect continuous
C) future perfect C) simple future continuous
D) future perfect continuous D) simple future
3. "will rank" hangi tense'dir? 10. "will have been deciding" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future A) simple future

B) future perfect B) future perfect
C) future perfect continuous C) simple future continuous
4. "will be contributing" hangi tense'dir? 11. "will have caught" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple future continuous B) future perfect
C) simple future C) future perfect continuous
D) future perfect continuous D) simple future continuous
5. "will have been narrating" hangi tense'dir? 12. "won't purchase" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future continuous A) simple future continuous

D) future perfect D) future perfect continuous
6. "won't be throwing up" hangi tense'dir? 13. "will have cooked" hangi tense'dir?
C) future perfect continuous C) simple future continuous
D) simple future continuous D) future perfect
7. "won't be housing" hangi tense'dir? 14. "won't be globalizing" hangi tense'dir?

A) simple future continuous A) future perfect
B) future perfect B) simple future
D) future perfect continuous D) simple future continuous
15. "will have extracted" hangi tense'dir? 22. "will be struggling" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect A) future perfect continuous

B) future perfect continuous B) simple future continuous
C) simple future continuous C) future perfect
D) simple future D) simple future
16. "won't have been gambling" hangi tense'dir? 23. "will be beating" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect continuous A) future perfect continuous

B) simple future B) simple future continuous
C) future perfect C) future perfect
D) simple future continuous D) simple future
17. "won't have been accounting" hangi 24. "won't have looked back" hangi tense'dir?
tense'dir?
A) future perfect
A) future perfect continuous B) simple future continuous
B) simple future continuous C) simple future
C) simple future D) future perfect continuous
D) future perfect
25. "won't be devastating" hangi tense'dir?

18. "will mutate" hangi tense'dir?
B) simple future continuous C) future perfect
D) future perfect
26. "will translate" hangi tense'dir?

19. "will foresee" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future continuous B) future perfect
B) future perfect C) future perfect continuous
D) future perfect continuous
27. "won't be structuring" hangi tense'dir?

20. "will have been raining" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future
A) simple future B) future perfect continuous
B) future perfect C) future perfect
C) future perfect continuous D) simple future continuous
28. "will stem from" hangi tense'dir?

21. "will have been foreseeing" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future
A) future perfect B) simple future continuous
C) simple future continuous D) future perfect continuous
D) simple future
29. "won't insist" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future
B) future perfect
C) future perfect continuous
30. "will have invented" hangi tense'dir? 36. "won't have read" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect continuous A) future perfect

B) simple future continuous B) simple future
C) future perfect C) future perfect continuous
D) simple future D) simple future continuous
31. "won't have been paralyzing" hangi 37. "will have been naming" hangi tense'dir?
tense'dir?
A) simple future
A) simple future continuous B) future perfect continuous
C) simple future D) simple future continuous
D) future perfect
38. "will have been pronouncing" hangi

32. "won't have undermined" hangi tense'dir? tense'dir?
A) simple future A) future perfect
B) future perfect B) simple future continuous
C) future perfect continuous C) future perfect continuous
D) simple future continuous D) simple future
33. "will have handed over" hangi tense'dir? 39. "will moan" hangi tense'dir?
B) simple future B) simple future continuous
34. "will be meaning" hangi tense'dir? 40. "will arrive" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future A) future perfect
B) future perfect continuous B) simple future
C) future perfect C) future perfect continuous
D) simple future continuous D) simple future continuous
35. "will warm" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future
C) future perfect
D) future perfect continuous
1. "will be wearing" çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "will have been swinging" çevirisi

hangisidir?
A) giyecek
B) giyiyor olacak A) sallanıyor olacak
C) giymiş durumda olacak B) sallanacak
C) sallanmış durumda olacak
2. "won't have slept" çevirisi hangisidir?

10. "will suck" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) uyumayacak
B) uyumuyor olacak A) emiyor olacak
C) uyumamış durumda olacak B) emecek
C) emmiş durumda olacak
3. "will have regulated" çevirisi hangisidir?

11. "will be packaging" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) düzenlemiş durumda olacak
B) düzenleyecek A) paketleyecek
C) düzenliyor olacak B) paketliyor olacak
C) paketlemiş durumda olacak
4. "will have been creating" çevirisi hangisidir?

12. "will peel" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yaratacak
B) yaratıyor olacak A) soymuş durumda olacak
C) yaratmış durumda olacak B) soyuyor olacak
C) soyacak
5. "will have been defeating" çevirisi

hangisidir? 13. "will have been leaving" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) galip gelecek A) ayrılacak

B) galip geliyor olacak B) ayrılmış durumda olacak
C) galip gelmiş durumda olacak C) ayrılıyor olacak
6. "will have read" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "will be paying" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) okuyacak A) ödüyor olacak

B) okuyor olacak B) ödeyecek
C) okumuş durumda olacak C) ödemiş durumda olacak
7. "will force" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "won't have been elevating" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) zorlamış durumda olacak
B) zorluyor olacak A) yükseltmeyecek
C) zorlayacak B) yükseltmemiş durumda olacak
C) yükseltmiyor olacak
8. "won't be looking for" çevirisi hangisidir?

16. "will have seen" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) aramıyor olacak
B) aramayacak A) görüyor olacak
C) aramamış durumda olacak B) görecek
C) görmüş durumda olacak
17. "will have balanced" çevirisi hangisidir? 19. "won't be exercising" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) dengelemiş durumda olacak A) egzersiz yapmıyor olacak

B) dengeleyecek B) egzersiz yapmayacak
C) dengeliyor olacak C) egzersiz yapmamış durumda olacak
18. "will fill" çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "will deepen" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) dolduruyor olacak A) derinleşecek

B) dolduracak B) derinleşmiş durumda olacak
C) doldurmuş durumda olacak C) derinleşiyor olacak
1. "will have fainted" çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "will have stepped down" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) bayılmış durumda olacak
B) bayılıyor olacak A) istifa ediyor olacak
C) bayılacak B) istifa etmiş durumda olacak
C) istifa edecek
2. "will innovate" çevirisi hangisidir?

10. "won't have been wrapping" çevirisi
A) yenilik yapacak hangisidir?
B) yenilik yapmış durumda olacak
A) sarmayacak
C) yenilik yapıyor olacak
B) sarmamış durumda olacak
C) sarmıyor olacak
3. "will be curing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tedavi edecek 11. "will thank" çevirisi hangisidir?

B) tedavi ediyor olacak
A) teşekkür etmiş durumda olacak
C) tedavi etmiş durumda olacak
B) teşekkür ediyor olacak
C) teşekkür edecek
4. "will have been rescuing" çevirisi
hangisidir?
12. "will be obeying" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kurtarıyor olacak
B) kurtaracak A) itaat ediyor olacak
C) kurtarmış durumda olacak B) itaat etmiş durumda olacak
C) itaat edecek
5. "won't participate" çevirisi hangisidir?

13. "will have told" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) katılmayacak
B) katılmamış durumda olacak A) söylüyor olacak
C) katılmıyor olacak B) söylemiş durumda olacak
C) söyleyecek
6. "won't have heard" çevirisi hangisidir?

14. "will be forcing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) duymamış durumda olacak
B) duymuyor olacak A) zorlamış durumda olacak
C) duymayacak B) zorlayacak
C) zorluyor olacak
7. "will have recommended" çevirisi

hangisidir? 15. "will have been expanding" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) tavsiye edecek
B) tavsiye ediyor olacak A) genişliyor olacak
C) tavsiye etmiş durumda olacak B) genişleyecek
C) genişlemiş durumda olacak
8. "will have been standing up" çevirisi

hangisidir? 16. "won't have been jumping" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) ayağa kalkacak
B) ayağa kalkıyor olacak A) zıplamıyor olacak
C) ayağa kalkmış durumda olacak B) zıplamayacak
C) zıplamamış durumda olacak
17. "will be assigning" çevirisi hangisidir? 26. "won't have won" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) görevlendirecek A) kazanmamış durumda olacak

B) görevlendiriyor olacak B) kazanmayacak
C) görevlendirmiş durumda olacak C) kazanmıyor olacak
18. "won't mix" çevirisi hangisidir? 27. "will be leaking" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) karıştırmıyor olacak A) sızdırmış durumda olacak

B) karıştırmayacak B) sızdıracak
C) karıştırmamış durumda olacak C) sızdırıyor olacak
19. "will improvise" çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "will revolve" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) geliştiriyor olacak A) dönüyor olacak
B) geliştirecek B) dönecek
C) geliştirmiş durumda olacak C) dönmüş durumda olacak
20. "will be joking" çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "will have been watering" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) şaka yapıyor olacak
B) şaka yapacak A) suluyor olacak
C) şaka yapmış durumda olacak B) sulayacak
C) sulamış durumda olacak
21. "will have complemented" çevirisi

hangisidir? 30. "will take" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tamamlayacak A) almış durumda olacak
B) tamamlıyor olacak B) alıyor olacak
C) tamamlamış durumda olacak C) alacak
22. "won't evacuate" çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "will have been experimenting" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) tahliye etmeyecek
B) tahliye etmemiş durumda olacak A) deney yapacak
C) tahliye etmiyor olacak B) deney yapmış durumda olacak
C) deney yapıyor olacak
23. "won't be driving" çevirisi hangisidir?

32. "will be laying" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sürmeyecek
B) sürmemiş durumda olacak A) koyacak
C) sürmüyor olacak B) koyuyor olacak
C) koymuş durumda olacak
24. "will track" çevirisi hangisidir?

33. "will have disputed" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) izini sürmüş durumda olacak
B) izini sürüyor olacak A) karşı çıkıyor olacak
C) izini sürecek B) karşı çıkmış durumda olacak
C) karşı çıkacak
25. "won't defeat" çevirisi hangisidir?

34. "will have wet" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yenmeyecek
B) yenmemiş durumda olacak A) ıslatacak
C) yenmiyor olacak B) ıslatıyor olacak
C) ıslatmış durumda olacak
35. "will have calculated" çevirisi hangisidir? 38. "will be mixing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) hesaplıyor olacak A) karıştırmış durumda olacak

B) hesaplayacak B) karıştıracak
C) hesaplamış durumda olacak C) karıştırıyor olacak
36. "will have been crawling" çevirisi hangisidir? 39. "won't have been participating" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) emekliyor olacak
B) emekleyecek A) katılmayacak
C) emeklemiş durumda olacak B) katılmıyor olacak
C) katılmamış durumda olacak
37. "will have been attending" çevirisi

hangisidir? 40. "will be commenting" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) katılacak A) yorum yapıyor olacak

B) katılmış durumda olacak B) yorum yapacak
C) katılıyor olacak C) yorum yapmış durumda olacak
1: Bitcoin will have a significant role in the global 6: The store is going to have a big sale to get rid of
economy in the future. some of its surplus stock.
TR: TR:
2: Robots are going to do all the housework in the

7: Without immigration, by 2050 the population of
next decade.
the European Union will have fallen.
TR:
TR:
3: Technological innovation will prolong our life

expectancy.
TR:
8: By next spring, they will have built 100 houses in
that field.
TR:
4: In the year 2100, people will have been using

computers for more than a century.
TR:
9: I will pay my debt to you as soon as possible.
TR:
10: The governor will be giving an interview right

5: Tomorrow afternoon at this time, we will be flying after the news.
over the Black Sea. TR:
TR:
1: Until Steven comes, they will have finished the 8: At the end of this year we will have been doing
presentation. the same job for ten years.
TR: TR:
2: The rent will be $75 a week, plus gas and

electricity. 9: By next week, we will be feeling relaxed because
TR: our exams will have ended.
TR:
3: Talk to my secretary, and she will set up an

appointment for you!
TR:
10: When you arrive at the airport, I will be waiting
for you.
TR:
4: This month a group of scientists and engineers

will travel to the ice sheet above Lake Ellsworth.
TR:
11: Next Monday, you will have been working with
the company for ten years.
TR:
5: Intelligent robots will be ruling the world in 2100. 12: 9 billion people will be living on the planet by
TR: 2050.
TR:
6: Astronauts will have landed on Mars by the year

2020. 13: The girls are going to stay home and watch
TR: television.
TR:
7: Because of the bad weather, aeroplanes are not

going to take off tomorrow.
14: Many of the nurses will stay in the hospital for
TR:
the night shift.
TR:
15: At this rate, we won't be home till midnight.
TR:
Future Tense Questions > Introduction
1. By this time next summer you ---- your 6. By this time tomorrow night we ---- in
studies and found a job. Australia.
A) will have completed B) will complete A) will arrive B) will have arrived
7. By 2050 holidaymakers ---- to the Moon.

2. I ---- you with the barbeque if you like.
A) will be travelling B) will have been travelling
A) will be helping B) will help
Translation:
Translation:
8. Next year, I ---- in the company for 10 years.

3. All of the passengers ---- by 5.
A) will be working B) will have been working
A) will have checked in B) will be checking in
Translation:
Translation:
4. By the end of this week, we ---- on the 9. This time tomorrow we ---- in the Pacific.
project for a month.
A) will be surfing B) will surf
A) will be working B) will have been working
Translation:
Translation:
10. Once this room is finished, we ---- six of the

seven rooms in the house. Not bad for two
5. You'll be late for the train. I ---- you to the days' work.
station if you like.
A) will paint B) will have painted
A) will drive B) will have will driven
Translation:
Translation:
Future Tense Questions > Homework
1. The famous artist ---- the mural for over six 8. We ---- how to water ski by the end of the
months by the time it is finished course.
A) will have been painting B) will be painting A) will have learnt B) will be learning
9. I think astronauts ---- on Mars by the year

2. I think I ---- and take a walk. 2020.
A) will go B) will have gone A) will have landed B) will land
3. I ---- when you arrive home from work next

10. She ---- back by 6 o'clock.
Friday night.
A) will have come B) will have been coming
A) will have been sleeping B) will be sleeping
Translation:
Translation:
11. It is strange that when we get to Sydney, we -

--- half way across the world.
4. When I finish this course, I ---- English for
twenty years. A) will have flown B) will fly
A) will be learning B) will have been learning Translation:
Translation:
12. This time tomorrow, Maria ---- on a beach in

5. I have not travelled too much yet, but by the Rimini.
time I leave the United States, I ---- the Grand
Canyon and San Francisco. A) will sunbathe B) will be sunbathing
A) will visit B) will have visited Translation:
Translation:
13. When the practice fire alarm rings at 2 p.m.,

they ---- presentations in class.
A) will have been doing B) will be doing
Translation:
6. By this time next year, you ---- your English
exam.
A) will have passed B) will pass

Translation: 14. By 2025 I ----- in London for sixteen years.
A) will have been living B) will be living
Translation:
7. The children ---- all the cake before their
mother comes.
A) will have eaten B) will have been eating

Translation:
15. I ---- here for three hours by six o'clock. 18. As soon as we reach the coast, we ---- for a
week.
A) will be waiting B) will have been waiting
A) will be sailing B) will have been sailing
Translation:
Translation:
16. The snow ---- by the end of April.
A) will have melted B) will have been melting 19. I'm going now, but I ---- you at the same time
tomorrow.
Translation:
A) will have seen B) will see
Translation:
17. By 2025, I hope researchers ---- a cure for
cancer.
A) will have found B) will find
20. I ---- in an hour and then you can use the
Translation: computer.
A) will have finished B) will have been finishing
Translation:
1 arazi, alan news field work on end
2 muhtemelen probably live wait role

3 on yıl decade big complete strange
4 patlamak check in project explode father
5 bulmak find month small lake
6 yurt dışında abroad sleep visit faint
7 dünya, toprak afternoon presentation earth room
8 dinlenme, geri kalanı artist rest hope stay
9 göç news summer immigration sunbathe
10 tahmin innovation forecast cancer price
11 kaynak strange experience work on supply
ilkbahar, yay, pınar, ani
12 lake night learn spring
sıçrama
13 yolcu work passenger according to strange
14 uçak, düz yüzey same plane intelligent supply
15 insanoğlu room mankind sun scientist
kurmak, ayarlamak, oyuna
16 sink set up arrive at coast
getirmek
17 sıcaklık temperature breakfast moon governor
18 erimek walk price melt sale
19 araştırmacı father researcher study night shift
20 onarmak horizon study repair decade
21 kurtulmak till supply get rid of week
22 çarpıcı, tiyatroyla ilgili reach hope dramatic cure
23 yenilik intelligent finish innovation sheet
24 aynı airport home same land
25 alçak, keyifsiz publisher job plane low
26 kullanmak use computer station drive
27 ayrılmak, bırakmak sink repair see leave
28 rahat relaxed melt sail horizon
29 ilgilenmek look after researcher class build
30 yağmur yağmak help cure sale rain
31 hava limanı snow airport appointment rain
32 hemşire low nurse increase week
uçmak, uçakla gitmek,
33 see vacation fly rain
hızlıca ayrılmak
34 yaz mevsimi temperature sale hear from summer
35 güneşlenmek pilot find take sunbathe
36 buz practice ice governor bomb
37 ödemek next pay children ice
38 gezegen high uncle planet dentist
39 plaj debt next reach beach
40 yönetici work father month governor
explode give set up ice rule
dramatic significant global supply use
go have do get quit
feel reach watch innovation stay
1 ---- to work işe gitmek
2 ---- dinner akşam yemeği yemek
3 ---- housework ev işi yapmak
4 ---- home eve gelmek
5 ---- a job işten ayrılmak
6 ---- increase çarpıcı artış
7 ---- role önemli rol
8 ---- economy küresel ekonomi
9 technological ---- teknolojik yenilik
10 ---- computer bilgisayar kullanmak
11 ---- interview röportaj vermek
12 ---- appointment randevu ayarlamak
13 ---- sheet buz tabakası
14 ---- world dünyayı yönetmek
15 ---- relaxed rahatlamak
16 ---- home evde kalmak
17 ---- television televizyon izlemek
18 food ---- gıda arzı/kaynağı
19 ---- a decision bir karara varmak
20 ---- bomb bomba patlatmak
1 stay ---- birlikte kalmak

2 ---- home evde
3 talk ---- ... hakkında konuşmak
4 work ---- … için çalışmak
5 arrive ---- ...ya ulaşmak/varmak
6 ---- morning sabaha / sabahleyin
7 work ---- ... üzerinde çalışmak
8 ---- the future gelecekte
9 role ---- ...da rol
10 talk ---- ...ile konuşmak
11 travel ---- ...ya seyahat
12 ---- the year ... yılına kadar
13 land ---- ...ya iniş yapmak
14 work ---- ... ile çalışmak
15 stay ---- ...da kalmak
16 ---- the world dünya çapında
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Future Tenses ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Tense Revision
• Unit Words
• Table of All Tenses
• Basic Tense Questions
destroy (v): yok etmek

Vocabulary
average (adj): ortalama, vasat eat (v): yemek
big (adj): büyük establish (v): kurmak, belirlemek
hungry (adj): aç grow (v): büyümek
late (adj): geç, sonları, rahmetli know (v): bilmek
new (adj): yeni learn (v): öğrenmek
powerful (adj): güçlü listen (v): dinlemek
tired (adj): yorgun, bıkmış live (v): yaşamak
whole (q): bütün make (v): yapmak, yaptırmak, varmak
overseas (adj, adv): denizaşırı meow (v): miyavlamak
already (adv): çoktan move (v): hareket etmek, taşınmak,

duygulandırmak
tonight (adv, n): bu gece
afternoon (n): öğleden sonra almak
banking (n): bankacılık return (v): geri dönmek
breakfast (n): kahvaltı see (v): görmek, anlamak, ziyaret etmek
company (n): şirket, eşlik sleep (v): uyumak
cornflakes (n): mısır gevreği spend (v): harcamak
course (n): kurs, yemek, saha, gidişat start (v): başlamak, (iş) kurmak, (araç)
çalıştırmak
creation (n): yaratma
engine (n): motor
try (v): ... yapmaya çalışmak, denemek,
fire (n): ateş, yangın, ateş etme (silah) yargılamak
holiday (n): tatil work (v): çalışmak, işe yaramak
hut (n): kulübe look for (pv): aramak
job (n): iş take up (pv): almak (zaman, yer),
başlamak
milk (n): süt
money (n): para
by the time (conj): ...e kadar
piano (n): piyano
beautiful (adj): güzel
place (n): yer
player (n): oyuncu, sanatçı
exhausted (adj): çok yorgun
post (n): posta, iş, direk
lost (adj): kayıp
science (n): bilim
steam (n): buhar
quiet (adj): sessiz
study (n): araştırma, çalışma
sure (adj): emin
vice president (n): başkan yardımcısı
throughout (prep): ...nın her yerinde, ...
boyunca usually (adv): genellikle
arrive (v): varmak tomorrow (adv, n): yarın
become (v): olmak beach (n): plaj
birth (n): doğum, başlangıç build (v): inşa etmek
board (n): tahta, kurul buy (v): satın almak, kanmak
children (n): çocuklar come (v): gelmek

Christmas (n): Noel disturb (v): rahatsız etmek
classroom (n): derslik drive (v): (araba) sürmek, harekete

geçirmek
delay (n): erteleme
feel (v): hissetmek
dinner (n): akşam yemeği
fill (v): doldurmak, bir görevi üstlenmek
dog (n): köpek
door (n): kapı
give (v): vermek
evening (n): akşam
leave (v): ayrılmak, bırakmak
flight (n): uçuş
lock (v): kilitlemek
love (v): sevmek, âşık olmak
ground (n): zemin
practise (v): alıştırma yapmak
lesson (n): ders
life (n): hayat
read (v): okumak
living room (n): oturma odası
run (v): koşmak, yönetmek, akmak, sefer
luggage (n): bagaj yapmak, çalıştırmak
month (n): ay say (v): söylemek
morning (n): sabah sit (v): oturmak, sınava girmek
neighbour (n): komşu study (v): çalışmak (ders), incelemek
novel (n): roman teach (v): öğretmek
passenger (n): yolcu tell (v): söylemek
school (n): okul, ekol, sürü (balık) think (v): düşünmek
sentence (n): cümle, ceza wait (v): beklemek
son (n): erkek evlat want (v): istemek, gerekmek
speech (n): konuşma wash (v): yıkamak
staff (n): personel watch (v): seyretmek, dikkatli olmak
summer (n): yaz mevsimi hurry up (pv): acele etmek
swimming (n): yüzme live in (pv): ...da yaşamak
table (n): masa, tablo
Collocations
teacher (n): öğretmen
spend money : para harcamak
text (n): metin
look for a job : iş aramak
train (n): tren
last night : dün gece
vicarage (n): papazın evi
new post : yeni posta
water (n): su
steam engine : buhar makinesi
wedding (n): düğün
plan holiday : tatil planlamak
word (n): kelime
bark (v): havlamak
build house : ev inşa etmek
book (v): yer ayırtmak
give information : bilgi vermek
wash car : araba yıkamak in a year : bir yılda
watch film : film izlemek bank of : ... yığını / kümesi
give speech : konuşma yapmak start with : ...ile başlamak
living room : oturma odası information on : ... hakkına bilgi
lock door : kapıyı kilitlemek by the end of : ...nın sonuna kadar

beautiful day : güzel gün work on : üzerinde çalışmak
on the table : masada (üzerinde)

Prepositions
arrive in : ...ya ulaşmak/varmak
Table of All Tenses > Table of All Tenses
Present Tenses
Simple Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous
am Ving
have V3 have been Ving
V1 is Ving
has V3 has been Ving
are Ving
yapar yapıyor yapmış durumda yapıyor
am not Ving
don't V1 haven't V3 haven't been Ving
isn't Ving
doesn't V1 hasn't V3 hasn't been Ving
aren't Ving
yapmaz yapmıyor yapmamış durumda yapmıyor
Past Tenses
Simple Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous
was Ving
V2 had V3 had been Ving
were Ving
yaptı yapıyordu yapmış durumdaydı yapıyordu
wasn't Ving
didn't V1 hadn't V3 hadn't been Ving
weren't Ving
yapmadı yapmıyordu yapmamış durumdaydı yapmıyordu
Future Tenses
Simple Future Future Perfect

Simple Future Future Perfect
Continuous Continuous
will V1 will be Ving will have V3 will have been Ving
yapacak yapıyor olacak yapmış durumda olacak yapıyor olacak
won't V1 won't be Ving won't have V3 won't have been Ving
yapmayacak yapmıyor olacak yapmamış durumda yapmıyor olacak
olacak
1. Past Perfect Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz. 8. Present Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) will have been granting A) will be hanging

B) had compromised B) will have paired
C) won't have been bursting into C) have propelled
D) had been voicing D) hasn't been setting down
2. Simple Past olanı işaretleyiniz. 9. Simple Present olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) held up A) has been adding

B) won't have been passing on B) knew
C) won't reply C) hadn't coexisted
D) have been keeping off D) alleges
3. Future Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 10. Simple Present Continuous olanı

işaretleyiniz.
A) won't have been impelling
B) were voyaging A) will have cared about
C) will have frowned B) are misunderstanding
D) won't be conducting C) will succeed
D) had been agreeing with
4. Simple Past Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz.

11. Simple Future Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) had spelled
B) were knowing A) challenge
C) had been responding B) hadn't been subscribing to
D) aren't introducing C) will have been recommending
D) will be prompting
5. Simple Future olanı işaretleyiniz.

12. Future Perfect Continuous olanı
A) had been miscarrying işaretleyiniz.
B) don't burst
A) had been confirming
C) hadn't used up
B) had been adjourning
D) won't bring
C) is raiding
D) will have been slaughtering
6. Simple Present olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) proclaim 13. Simple Past olanı işaretleyiniz.

B) will eradicate
A) were straining
C) isn't outliving
B) claimed
D) had been gaining
C) will be backing
D) will balance
A) will reign 14. Past Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.

B) will prosper
A) had been recalling
C) was waiting
B) hasn't been outpacing
D) will have cleared
C) will have been warding off
D) hadn't anticipated
15. Simple Present Continuous olanı 18. Simple Future olanı işaretleyiniz.
işaretleyiniz.
A) will dig
A) don't widen B) spray
B) aren't serving C) smile
C) has been justifying D) determines
D) has been whispering
19. Present Perfect Continuous olanı

16. Present Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. işaretleyiniz.
A) have increased A) had been undergoing
B) were patenting B) has visited
C) will have planted C) will be easing
D) will be diminishing D) has been baking
17. Future Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 20. Past Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) is forming A) will have been acting
B) won't have poured down B) hadn't terrorized
C) bottles C) forwarded
D) don't marry D) had been bribing
1. Simple Past olanı işaretleyiniz. 8. Future Perfect Continuous olanı

işaretleyiniz.
A) has been bringing up
B) didn't adapt A) won't dress
C) will be setting aside B) won't have been spiting
D) will be powering C) will be stinging
D) hasn't been leaning
2. Future Perfect Continuous olanı

işaretleyiniz. 9. Simple Past olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) won't contradict A) faint
B) had been banding together B) will extinguish
C) had aided C) handed out
D) won't have been sabotaging D) had been plugging
3. Future Perfect Continuous olanı 10. Present Perfect Continuous olanı

işaretleyiniz. işaretleyiniz.
A) will pass by A) hasn't been worsening

B) had been peeling B) had defended
C) doesn't experience C) weren't excluding
D) won't have been bumping D) doesn't revolve
4. Past Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 11. Simple Future olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) worships A) will be tricking

B) had swept B) have been lengthening
C) were gazing C) didn't cleanse
D) hadn't been smiling D) will run off with
5. Present Perfect Continuous olanı 12. Future Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.

işaretleyiniz.
A) will have compelled
A) won't be exhibiting B) will have been telephoning
B) are catching up with C) had allowed
C) won't have been landing D) will have been struggling
D) has been adjusting
13. Simple Present Continuous olanı

6. Simple Future Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz. işaretleyiniz.
A) hasn't been fasting A) will applaud
B) won't be hosting B) is appreciating
C) are coming C) have been coming up
D) won't speed up D) will have come apart
7. Simple Present Continuous olanı 14. Simple Future olanı işaretleyiniz.

işaretleyiniz.
A) will constrict
A) aren't exhaling B) will be assigning
B) won't have been playing C) had called
C) has been sprinting D) had been intervening
D) had been wandering
15. Simple Past Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz. 22. Simple Past Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) were swimming A) was memorizing
B) won't be coming together B) won't show off
C) hadn't kept on C) will level
D) had protested D) will have wound
16. Present Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 23. Past Perfect Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) have tended A) had discouraged
B) were banning B) had been posting
C) hadn't brought forward C) will have been launching
D) will be safeguarding D) have suited
17. Future Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 24. Simple Future Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) have been pervading A) had been working

B) haven't thrown B) gain
C) will have set down C) will be packaging
D) blend D) haven't dwelled on
18. Simple Future Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz. 25. Simple Past olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) won't be exposing A) opposed

B) will have bumped B) won't pressure
C) are caring about C) has been unloading
D) hadn't denied D) will have been cloning
19. Simple Present olanı işaretleyiniz. 26. Simple Future olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) give birth to A) had been converting

B) won't have been helping B) had eaten away
C) won't have been passing on C) will enclose
D) has been letting down D) will be walking
20. Simple Present Continuous olanı 27. Past Perfect Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz.
işaretleyiniz.
A) hadn't housed
A) will hug B) will have climbed
B) won't have divided C) won't be invading
C) had been accessing D) had been watching out for
D) are curing

A) has dragged
A) are stepping up B) won't dump
B) brought on C) advance
C) look out for D) will have rioted
D) aren't aborting
29. Present Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) have abandoned
B) has been whitening
C) haven't been establishing
D) were innovating
30. Simple Present olanı işaretleyiniz. 35. Simple Future olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) hadn't existed A) will express
B) hadn't contaminated B) will have been personalizing
C) subjected C) won't be miscarrying
D) doesn't impress D) doesn't do well
31. Past Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 36. Present Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) have been commuting A) will have been receiving

B) have been dropping in B) won't have been signing
C) wasn't expecting C) haven't discontinued
D) hadn't transferred D) flattened
32. Past Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz. 37. Present Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) was taking up A) is likening

B) has been censoring B) will have been lying
C) won't be demanding C) have mentioned
D) hadn't disguised D) don't deepen
33. Present Perfect Continuous olanı 38. Past Perfect Continuous olanı işaretleyiniz.
işaretleyiniz.
A) hadn't been thinking
A) has implied B) will have been archiving
B) has been detaining C) are spraying
C) came from D) bonded
D) haven't dismayed
39. Future Perfect olanı işaretleyiniz.

A) will be grouping
A) were endeavouring B) hasn't stored
B) will be betraying C) were exhibiting
C) aren't advertising D) will have fallen back on
D) are strengthening
40. Simple Past olanı işaretleyiniz.

A) missed
B) don't restrict
C) will plan
D) won't guard
1. "hadn't boasted" hangi tense'dir? 8. "hadn't been endeavouring" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect A) future perfect

B) simple present B) past perfect continuous
C) past perfect C) simple past
D) present perfect D) simple future
2. "weren't keeping" hangi tense'dir? 9. "won't have thrown up" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous A) simple present

B) future perfect continuous B) present perfect
C) future perfect C) future perfect
D) simple future continuous D) past perfect continuous
3. "has been appreciating" hangi tense'dir? 10. "hasn't modelled" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect A) simple past

B) present perfect continuous B) simple present continuous
C) simple future continuous C) past perfect
D) past perfect D) present perfect
4. "will have been stamping" hangi tense'dir? 11. "have expanded" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect A) simple present
B) simple present B) simple future
C) future perfect continuous C) present perfect
D) present perfect continuous D) future perfect
5. "was outliving" hangi tense'dir? 12. "will be sailing" hangi tense'dir?

B) past perfect B) simple future continuous
C) simple past continuous C) simple future
D) simple future D) simple present
6. "measure" hangi tense'dir? 13. "will have conversed" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect A) simple past

B) future perfect B) simple present
C) simple present C) past perfect continuous
D) simple past D) future perfect
7. "will resist" hangi tense'dir? 14. "swept away" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present continuous A) future perfect

C) present perfect continuous C) future perfect continuous
D) simple future D) simple past
15. "isn't walking" hangi tense'dir? 18. "didn't struggle" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous A) future perfect continuous

C) present perfect C) past perfect continuous
D) simple future continuous D) simple past
16. "won't dry up" hangi tense'dir? 19. "are caring for" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect continuous A) past perfect
B) simple future continuous B) present perfect
C) simple future C) simple future continuous
D) future perfect D) simple present continuous
17. "had faxed" hangi tense'dir? 20. "dare" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect A) simple present

B) simple future B) past perfect
C) future perfect continuous C) simple past continuous
D) past perfect continuous D) past perfect continuous
1. "will pursue" hangi tense'dir? 8. "has been frying" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect A) simple future

C) simple future continuous C) present perfect continuous
D) simple present D) past perfect
2. "spray" hangi tense'dir? 9. "had been detailing" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect A) past perfect continuous

B) simple present B) simple past continuous
C) simple future C) simple present continuous
D) simple present continuous D) past perfect
3. "weren't sponsoring" hangi tense'dir? 10. "isn't launching" hangi tense'dir?

A) simple present continuous A) simple future continuous
B) present perfect continuous B) simple past continuous
C) present perfect C) simple future
D) simple past continuous D) simple present continuous
4. "had occurred" hangi tense'dir? 11. "mails" hangi tense'dir?

A) past perfect A) present perfect continuous
B) future perfect B) present perfect
C) simple future continuous C) past perfect
D) simple present D) simple present
5. "hadn't been weakening" hangi tense'dir? 12. "will have been wasting" hangi tense'dir?
A) past perfect continuous A) future perfect continuous

B) past perfect B) present perfect
C) future perfect continuous C) present perfect continuous
D) future perfect D) past perfect continuous
6. "tore" hangi tense'dir? 13. "haven't reflected" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past A) present perfect

B) future perfect B) future perfect
C) present perfect C) simple past continuous
D) simple past continuous D) simple future
7. "didn't type" hangi tense'dir? 14. "have ended" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future A) present perfect

B) simple future continuous B) simple future
C) simple past C) future perfect
D) simple present D) simple past
15. "has worsened" hangi tense'dir? 22. "will have been running off with" hangi
tense'dir?
A) simple past
B) present perfect A) future perfect continuous
C) simple past continuous B) simple past continuous
D) simple present C) simple future continuous
D) simple present
16. "had dissolved" hangi tense'dir?

23. "hadn't kept up with" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect
B) past perfect continuous A) present perfect
C) simple future B) simple past continuous
D) past perfect C) simple present continuous
D) past perfect
17. "won't have been rejecting" hangi tense'dir?

24. "took advantage of" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous
B) simple future A) past perfect
C) future perfect continuous B) simple present continuous
D) present perfect continuous C) simple past
D) simple future
18. "don't forge" hangi tense'dir?

25. "had been conveying" hangi tense'dir?
A) future perfect
B) past perfect continuous A) past perfect continuous
C) simple present B) simple present
D) simple past continuous C) past perfect
D) simple past
19. "doesn't refund" hangi tense'dir?

26. "will have got on well" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect continuous
B) simple present A) future perfect
C) simple past B) simple present continuous
D) simple present continuous C) present perfect continuous
D) simple present
20. "are domesticating" hangi tense'dir?

27. "will be cycling" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present continuous
B) simple future A) present perfect continuous
C) simple past B) simple future continuous
D) simple past continuous C) future perfect continuous
D) future perfect
21. "is transmitting" hangi tense'dir?

28. "wasn't taking" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple present continuous
B) simple present A) simple past continuous
C) future perfect B) present perfect continuous
D) simple past continuous C) present perfect
D) simple past
29. "won't have flooded" hangi tense'dir? 35. "will be emphasizing" hangi tense'dir?
B) past perfect continuous B) simple present
D) past perfect D) present perfect
30. "will mobilize" hangi tense'dir? 36. "has been locking" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect continuous A) present perfect continuous
B) present perfect B) simple past continuous
D) future perfect continuous D) simple present
31. "will have persisted" hangi tense'dir? 37. "won't mess" hangi tense'dir?

B) simple future B) past perfect
C) future perfect C) simple future
D) simple future continuous D) simple present continuous
32. "won't be facing" hangi tense'dir? 38. "hasn't been requiring" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple past continuous A) simple future continuous

B) simple future continuous B) present perfect continuous
C) simple present continuous C) simple future
33. "hasn't quested" hangi tense'dir? 39. "horrified" hangi tense'dir?
A) present perfect A) simple present

B) simple future continuous B) simple past
C) simple present C) future perfect continuous
D) present perfect continuous D) simple future continuous
34. "were turning off" hangi tense'dir? 40. "won't tidy" hangi tense'dir?
A) simple future continuous A) present perfect
C) simple past continuous C) simple past
D) past perfect D) simple present
1. "had been expanding" çevirisi hangisidir? 8. "are matching" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) genişliyordu A) eşleşmiş durumda

B) genişler B) eşleşir
C) genişliyor C) eşleşiyor
D) genişleyecek D) eşleşiyor olacak
2. "will have been wearing" çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "clicked" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) giymiş durumdaydı A) tık sesi çıkardı

B) giydi B) tık sesi çıkarır
C) giyiyor olacak C) tık sesi çıkaracak
D) giyecek D) tık sesi çıkarıyor
3. "was adopting" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "won't achieve" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) evlat edindi A) başarmıyor
B) evlat edinmiş durumdaydı B) başarmıyor olacak
C) evlat ediniyordu C) başarmamış durumda
D) evlat ediniyor D) başarmayacak
4. "will have captivated" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "were impairing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) etkileyecek A) zarar veriyordu
B) etkiler B) zarar verdi
C) etkilemiş durumda C) zarar veriyor
D) etkilemiş durumda olacak D) zarar vermiş durumdaydı
5. "will anticipate" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "had overreacted" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) merakla bekliyor olacak A) aşırı tepki verdi

B) merakla bekleyecek B) aşırı tepki veriyordu
C) merakla bekliyor C) aşırı tepki vermiş durumda
D) merakla bekledi D) aşırı tepki vermiş durumdaydı
6. "send" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "hadn't watched" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) gönderir A) izlemiyor
B) gönderiyordu B) izlemiyordu
C) gönderecek C) izlememiş durumdaydı
D) gönderdi D) izlememiş durumda olacak
7. "made" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "have been affecting" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yapıyor A) etkiliyor
B) yapar B) etkiler
C) yapıyordu C) etkiliyordu
D) yaptı D) etkiledi
15. "has hunted" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "is cooling" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) avlıyor A) soğutmuş durumda
B) avlamış durumda B) soğutuyor
C) avlıyordu C) soğutuyor olacak
D) avlar D) soğutur
16. "will have refreshed" çevirisi hangisidir? 19. "will be sheltering" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) serinletecek A) sığınmış durumda

B) serinletiyor B) sığınıyor
C) serinletmiş durumda olacak C) sığınacak
D) serinletmiş durumda D) sığınıyor olacak
17. "corresponds" çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "have run" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) birbirine uyuyor A) koşar

B) birbirine uydu B) koşuyordu
C) birbirine uyar C) koşmuş durumda
D) birbirine uyuyordu D) koşacak
1. "will have captured" çevirisi hangisidir? 8. "will be torturing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ele geçiriyor olacak A) işkence ediyor

B) ele geçirmiş durumda olacak B) işkence edecek
C) ele geçirir C) işkence ediyor olacak
D) ele geçirmiş durumda D) işkence etmiş durumda
2. "will set up" çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "are helping" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kurmuş durumda A) yardım ediyor olacak

B) kuracak B) yardım ediyor
C) kuruyor C) yardım etmiş durumda
D) kuruyor olacak D) yardım eder
3. "were hunting" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "didn't set down" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) avlıyordu A) ayarlamıyor
B) avladı B) ayarlamaz
C) avlıyor C) ayarlamadı
D) avlamış durumdaydı D) ayarlamayacak
4. "will be orbiting" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "had been commanding" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) etrafında dönüyor A) emrediyor
B) etrafında dönüyor olacak B) emrediyordu
C) etrafında dönecek C) emreder
D) etrafında dönmüş durumda D) emretti
5. "had mailed" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "had applauded" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) postayla gönderiyor A) alkışlamış durumdaydı
B) postayla göndermiş durumdaydı B) alkışladı
C) postayla göndermiş durumda C) alkışlıyor olacak
D) postayla gönderdi D) alkışlamış durumda
6. "have been scaring" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "had been blowing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) korkutur A) esiyordu
B) korkutuyordu B) esti
C) korkutuyor C) esiyor olacak
D) korkuttu D) esiyor
7. "wasn't worsening" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "hasn't collapsed" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kötüleşmiyor A) yıkmadı
B) kötüleşmedi B) yıkmamış durumda olacak
C) kötüleşmemiş durumdaydı C) yıkmamış durumda
D) kötüleşmiyordu D) yıkmıyordu
15. "ate away" çevirisi hangisidir? 22. "will empower" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) içi içini yedi A) yetki vermiş durumda olacak
B) içi içini yer B) yetki verecek
C) içi içini yiyecek C) yetki veriyor
D) içi içini yemiş D) yetki verir
16. "will have been influencing" çevirisi 23. "comes" çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) geldi
A) etkiliyordu B) geliyordu
B) etkiliyor C) geliyor
C) etkileyecek D) gelir
D) etkiliyor olacak
24. "hasn't deduced" çevirisi hangisidir?

17. "cycled" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sonuç çıkarmamış durumda olacak
A) bisiklete biner B) sonuç çıkarmıyor
B) bisiklete biniyor C) sonuç çıkarmaz
C) bisiklete binecek D) sonuç çıkarmamış durumda
D) bisiklete bindi
25. "didn't memorize" çevirisi hangisidir?

18. "isn't driving" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ezberlemiyor
A) sürmemiş durumda B) ezberlemedi
B) sürmeyecek C) ezberlemez
C) sürmez D) ezberlemeyecek
D) sürmüyor
26. "bind" çevirisi hangisidir?

19. "will seal" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bağladı
A) tıkıyor olacak B) bağlıyor
B) tıkıyor C) bağlar
C) tıkayacak D) bağlayacak
D) tıkadı
27. "will have covered" çevirisi hangisidir?

20. "pour down" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kaplamış durumda
A) döküyor B) kaplamış durumda olacak
B) döküyor olacak C) kaplıyor olacak
C) dökecek D) kaplayacak
D) döker
28. "haven't been summarizing" çevirisi

21. "will tie up" çevirisi hangisidir? hangisidir?
A) bağlayacak A) özetlemiyor
B) bağlamış durumda olacak B) özetlemiyordu
C) bağlıyor C) özetlemez
D) bağlar D) özetlemeyecek
29. "doesn't fall asleep" çevirisi hangisidir? 35. "will have been withdrawing" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) uykuya dalmıyor
B) uykuya dalmaz A) para çekecek
C) uykuya dalmayacak B) para çekiyor olacak
D) uykuya dalmadı C) para çekti
D) para çeker
30. "hadn't been shaving" çevirisi hangisidir?

36. "has fulfilled" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tıraş olmuyordu
B) tıraş olmadı A) yerine getirmiş durumda
C) tıraş olmayacak B) yerine getiriyordu
D) tıraş olmuyor C) yerine getirir
D) yerine getirecek
31. "will be asking" çevirisi hangisidir?

37. "have been robing" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) soruyor olacak
B) soracak A) soyuyor
C) soruyordu B) soyuyordu
D) sormuş durumda C) soydu
D) soyuyor olacak
32. "will have been ironing" çevirisi hangisidir?

38. "have delivered" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ütülüyor olacak
B) ütüler A) teslim ediyordu
C) ütüleyecek B) teslim ediyor
D) ütülemiş durumda C) teslim etmiş durumda olacak
D) teslim etmiş durumda
33. "is releasing" çevirisi hangisidir?

39. "will have moisturized" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) salıyor
B) salar A) nemlendirmiş durumda olacak
C) salmış durumda B) nemlendirmiş durumda
D) salıyor olacak C) nemlendiriyor olacak
D) nemlendirir
34. "was understanding" çevirisi hangisidir?

40. "had withheld" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) anlıyor
B) anlamış durumdaydı A) esirger
C) anlıyordu B) esirgedi
D) anladı C) esirgemiş durumdaydı
D) esirgemiş durumda
Basic Tense Questions > Introduction
1. Listen! Mr Jones ---- the piano. 6. Japanese ---- one of the most popular
courses at the university since the Asian
A) was playing studies program was established.
B) had played
A) has become
C) is playing
B) becomes
D) plays
C) became
Translation:
D) will become
Translation:
2. They ---- a lot of money for players last year.
A) are spending
B) spend
C) spent
D) will spend
7. I ---- London three weeks ago to take up a
Translation: new post at my company's London office.
A) will move
B) am moving
3. She’s going to look for a job as soon as she C) had moved
---- in London.
D) moved
A) will arrive Translation:
B) arrived
C) is arriving
D) arrives
Translation:
8. The average American ---- around 12 pounds
of chocolate in a year.
A) is eating
4. The cat ---- last night while we tried to sleep. B) eats
A) meows C) ate
B) was meowing D) has eaten
C) is meowing Translation:
D) has meowed
Translation:
9. Lorraine ---- English for 12 years before she

moved to England.
5. By the time I'm 50, I ---- a million dollars.
A) is learning
A) will have made B) has been learning
B) am making C) has learned
C) make D) had been learning
D) have made Translation:
Translation:
10. Joe will be tired when he returns because he 15. By the time the firemen arrived, the fire ----
---- outside the whole afternoon. many huts.
A) played A) will destroy
B) will have been playing B) destroys
C) was playing C) has destroyed
D) had been playing D) had destroyed
16. We ---- our holiday yet.

11. You know where I live - I ---- in the same
place for the past three years. A) won't plan
B) haven't planned
A) will be living
C) aren't planning
B) have been living
D) didn't plan
C) was living
Translation:
D) am living
Translation:
17. They are hungry. I ---- some milk and
cornflakes for breakfast.
A) had gone
B) got
12. I ---- home late tonight.
C) get
A) was D) will get
B) will be Translation:
C) have been
D) am
Translation:
18. She ---- him for a long time.
13. The Vice President ---- overseas for three A) isn't seeing
weeks when he returns. B) won't see
A) will have been traveling C) hasn't seen
B) travelled D) didn't see
C) was travelling Translation:
D) had travelled
Translation: 19. Nanotechnology ---- the science and creation
of materials at a molecular level.
A) was
B) had been
14. Throughout the 1800s, steam engines ----
bigger and more powerful. C) is
D) will be
A) are growing
Translation:
B) grew
C) will have grown
D) had grown
Translation:
20. She ---- in banking before she started with
Bank of America.
A) has already worked
B) will already work
C) had already worked
D) will have already worked
Translation:
Basic Tense Questions > Homework
1. My neighbor's dog is barking. It ---- for 2 6. I ---- tomorrow morning so I will not be there
hours now. to say goodbye to you.
A) has barked A) worked
B) was barking B) will be working
C) barked C) work
D) will bark D) had worked
2. My father ---- building our house before

summer. 7. The children ---- a film on TV at that time.
A) had been finishing A) are watching

B) will have finished B) have watched
C) has finished C) were watching
D) is finishing D) watch
8. He ---- a lot since this morning.

3. The passengers ---- for six hours before the
ground staff gave them information on the A) has been working
delay of their flight.
B) was working
A) are waiting C) worked
B) had been waiting D) works
C) waited Translation:
D) wait
Translation:
9. I feel a bit lost. I've just finished a really
good novel and now I ---- anything.
A) did not read
B) have not read
C) am not reading
4. My father ---- his car while my mother and I -- D) was not reading
-- dinner.
Translation:
A) is washing / will prepare
B) was washing / were preparing
C) has washed / had been preparing
D) will wash / were preparing
10. In two months I ---- English at this school for
Translation:
ten years.
A) am teaching
B) will have been teaching
5. I ---- in London for three years. I love it here. C) teach
A) had been D) taught
B) have been Translation:
C) was
D) am
Translation:
11. They ---- the classroom by the end of the 16. Be quiet! He ----. Don't disturb him!
hour.
A) was working
A) will have left B) is working
B) had left C) works
C) have left D) worked
D) left Translation:
Translation:
17. I ---- a speech at my friend’s wedding on

Friday at seven.
12. I ---- to go swimming, but the water was too
cold. A) had given
A) have wanted B) gave
B) want C) am giving
C) wanted D) will be giving
D) will want Translation:
Translation:
18. Mark will become a better dancer after the

13. Hurry up! Everybody ---- for you! lessons, because he ---- dancing for 3 weeks.
A) waits A) will have been practicing
B) waited B) was practicing
C) is waiting C) had practicing
D) has waited D) practiced
14. They ---- in Shanghai for 6 years when they

moved to the USA.
A) had been living 19. Mike ---- for 2 hours, he is exhausted now.
B) are living
A) has been running
C) will live
B) was running
D) have lived
C) had been running
Translation: D) runs
Translation:
15. While I am working on my project, my

brother ---- his luggage. 20. When I came into the living room, the cats ---
- on the table.
A) was preparing
A) are sitting
B) prepared
B) were sitting
C) had been preparing
C) sit
D) will be preparing
D) have been sitting
Translation:
Translation:
21. Julie ---- late tomorrow evening, so I’ve 26. Before you ----, please make sure you’ve
booked a table at a restaurant for 10 pm. locked the door.
A) is A) leave
B) will be B) had left
C) was C) will leave
D) has been D) left
27. The teacher ---- sentences on the board

22. Amy ---- a lot before she took the test. while the children were filling the words in
the text.
A) will study
A) was writing
B) had studied
B) is writing
C) studies
C) has written
D) is studying
D) will write
Translation:
Translation:
23. James told me you ---- the old vicarage two

years before your son's birth.
A) had bought
28. It's a beautiful day today. I think I ---- to the
B) buy beach today.
C) have bought
D) were buying A) had gone
B) will go
Translation:
C) went
D) go
Translation:
24. We ---- in this city for twenty-five years by

next Christmas.
A) will have lived 29. The train for Dover ---- at 9 a.m. every
B) are living morning.
C) have lived A) leaves
D) lived B) left
Translation: C) has left
D) had left
Translation:
25. I ---- in love three times in my life.
A) am
30. I usually ---- to work by car, but today I ---- by
B) was train.
C) will be
A) will drive / have gone
D) have been
B) drive / am going
Translation:
C) have driven / will go
D) am driving / go
Translation:
1 geri dönmek return bark wait powerful
2 uçuş classroom delay flight work

3 roman fill make tonight novel
4 havlamak player board course bark
5 bilim morning science make really
almak (zaman, yer),
6 evening train science take up
başlamak
7 cümle, ceza return live month sentence
8 güzel beautiful establish cornflakes classroom
9 söylemek eat live in beach say
10 yorgun, bıkmış new tired course read
11 doğum, başlangıç lock late know birth
12 emin sure move try bark
13 take up speech become fire
(silah)
14 inşa etmek word place build say
15 hazırlamak sit prepare school summer
16 erteleme milk holiday late delay
17 yaz mevsimi listen summer passenger money
18 yıkamak lesson board wash classroom
19 plaj luggage beach summer arrive
20 varmak sure school arrive friend
21 düğün fireman look for wedding birth
görmek, anlamak, ziyaret
22 text son see play
etmek
23 seyahat etmek, yol almak average work friend travel
24 yok etmek ground listen think destroy
25 olmak train become flight birth
26 yolcu passenger engine teach text
27 aç study hungry teach build
28 bilmek cornflakes know usually beach
29 konuşma make speech arrive sleep
30 kurmak, belirlemek banking milk meow establish
31 geç, sonları, rahmetli move learn late wedding
32 buhar dinner wash sleep steam
33 beklemek wait tonight friend wedding
34 kurs, yemek, saha, gidişat drive door course vicarage
35 bütün whole sure luggage quiet
36 ... yapmaya çalışmak, powerful flight try tired
denemek, yargılamak
37 akşam speech evening already feel
38 personel drive grow word staff
39 komşu return birth neighbour afternoon
40 satın almak, kanmak lesson buy live in meow
average establish grow learn take up
give wash watch prepare lock
spend look for steam holiday build
book run leave disturb give
1 ---- money para harcamak
2 ---- a job iş aramak
3 ---- engine buhar makinesi
4 plan ---- tatil planlamak
5 ---- house ev inşa etmek
6 ---- information bilgi vermek
7 ---- car araba yıkamak
8 ---- film film izlemek
9 ---- speech konuşma yapmak
10 ---- door kapıyı kilitlemek
11 ---- temperature ortalama sıcaklık
12 ---- settlement yerleşim kurmak
13 ---- popular popülerleşmek
14 ---- language dil öğrenmek
15 ---- a role rol almak/üstlenmek
16 ---- hotel otel rezervasyonu yaptırmak
17 ---- peace huzuru bozmak
18 ---- sb free birini serbest bırakmak
19 ---- country ülke yönetmek
20 ---- food yemek hazırlamak
1 ---- a year bir yılda

2 bank ---- ... yığını / kümesi
3 start ---- ...ile başlamak
4 information ---- ... hakkına bilgi
5 ---- the table masada (üzerinde)
6 study ---- ... hakkında çalışma, araştırma
7 learn ---- ...yı öğrenmek
8 travel ---- ... etrafında dolaşmak
9 ---- breakfast kahvaltıda
10 ---- the beach kumsalda, plajda
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Tense Revision ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Simple Modals
• Unit Words
• List of Simple Modals
• Meaning Recognition EN-TR
• Meaning Recognition TR-EN
• Mood Recognition
cigarette (n): sigara

Vocabulary
lost (adj): kayıp life (n): hayat
minute (adj): ufacık reservation (n): yer ayırtma, kuşku
detail (n): ayrıntı view (n): manzara, görüş
hurry (v): acele etmek make (v): yapmak, yaptırmak, varmak
learn (v): öğrenmek smoke (v): (sigara vs) içmek, tütsülemek
mistake (n): hata early (adj): erken, başları
pay attention to (pv): ...ya dikkat etmek short (adj): kısa, yetersiz
make up for (pv): telafi etmek still (adv): hâlâ, yine de
full (adj): dolu, tok but (trans): ama
health (n): sağlık ambulance (n): ambulans
mouth (n): ağız country (n): ülke, taşra
rule (n): kural, yönetim fruit (n): meyve, sonuç
table (n): masa, tablo interview (n): mülakat, röportaj
traffic (n): trafik, kaçakçılık light (n): ışık, ateş (çakmak vs)
eat (v): yemek morning (n): sabah
observe (v): gözlemlemek, uymak (kural passenger (n): yolcu

vb.) vegetable (n): sebze
speak (v): konuşmak cut (v): kesmek, azaltmak
secure (adj): güvenli import (v): ithal etmek
lastly (adv): son olarak set out (pv): yola çıkmak, ...ya koyulmak
before (conj, prep): ...dan önce slow down (pv): yavaşlamak
actor (n): oyuncu (erkek) run out of (pv): tüketmek
line (n): çizgi, hat (telefon), sıra, ip, satır proper (adj): düzgün, uygun
(yazı)
simple (adj): basit
manufacturer (n): imalatçı
diet (n): beslenme, rejim
parent (n): ebeveyn
stage (n): aşama, sahne
racer (n): yarışmacı, yarış bisikleti
support (n): destek
stay (v): kalmak
theft (n): hırsızlık
stand up for (pv): müdafaa etmek
vehicle (n): taşıt
new (adj): yeni
know (v): bilmek
produce (v): üretmek, neden olmak
undercooked (adj): az pişmiş
thank (v): teşekkür etmek
colon (n): kalın bağırsak, iki nokta üst üste
advance (adj): ön
damage (n): hasar
good (adj): iyi
deficiency (n): eksiklik
hopeless (adj): umutsuz
indoors (adv): içeride
heart (n): kalp, merkez, cesaret hear (v): duymak
meat (n): et power (v): güç sağlamak
parasite (n): asalak use (v): kullanmak
contain (v): içermek, kontrol altına almak bleeding (n): kanama
outlast (v): daha uzun süre dayanmak because (conj, trans): ...dığı için, çünkü
lead to (pv): yol açmak life threatening (adj): yaşamı tehdit eden
low (adj): alçak, keyifsiz overcast (adj): bulutlu

blood (n): kan, soy solar (adj): güneş kaynaklı
business (n): ticaret, iş yeri eclipse (n): tutulma (ay, güneş)
drug (n): ilaç, uyuşturucu photosynthesis (n): fotosentez

nightmare (n): kabus sunlight (n): güneş ışığı
patient (n): hasta watch (n): kol saati, nöbet

pressure (n): baskı, basınç wrist (n): bilek (el–kol)
reaction (n): tepki, tepkime identify (v): tespit etmek
affect (v): etkilemek obtain (v): elde etmek

occur (v): meydana gelmek see (v): görmek, anlamak, ziyaret etmek
result from (pv): ...dan kaynaklanmak plant (n): bitki, santral
underwater (adj, adv): su altı global (adj): küresel
breath (n): nefes bathroom (n): banyo

change (n): değişiklik, para üstü century (n): yüzyıl
experiment (n): deney degree (n): derece, diploma
fashion (n): moda, tarz holiday (n): tatil

salt (n): tuz student (n): öğrenci
swim (v): yüzmek summer (n): yaz mevsimi

keep up with (pv): ayak uydurmak temperature (n): sıcaklık
internal (adj): iç rise (v): yükselmek, doğmak (güneş),

ayağa kalkmak
poisonous (adj): zehirli
spend (v): harcamak
easy (adj): kolay, rahat
age (n): yaş, çağ
greatly (adv): büyük ölçüde
bomber (n): bombacı, bombardıman uçağı
cost (n): maliyet, bedel
computer (n): bilgisayar
danger (n): tehlike
crowd (n): kalabalık
home (n): ev, yurt
house (n): ev
resistance (n): direnç
layer (n): katman
speaker (n): konuşmacı, hoparlör
loss (n): kayıp, zarar
wind turbine (n): rüzgâr türbini
secretary (n): sekreter, bakan
up to (prep): ... kadar
break (v): kırmak, bozmak, ara vermek
find (v): bulmak
cheer (v): tezahürat yapmak
help (v): yardım etmek night (n): gece
realize (v): farkına varmak, noise (n): gürültü

gerçekleştirmek
number (n): sayı
brother (n): erkek kardeş
orchestra (n): orkestra
letter (n): mektup, harf
paper (n): kâğıt, gazete, belge, makale
yard (n): yarda, avlu
pregnancy (n): hamilelik
convert (v): dönüştürmek
promise (n): söz, umut verici şey
like (v): hoşlanmak
publishing (n): yayıncılık
almak question (n): soru, şüphe
write (v): yazmak school (n): okul, ekol, sürü (balık)
in those days (adv): o günlerde sound (n): ses
empty (adj): boş tank (n): depo
excessive (adj): aşırı teacher (n): öğretmen
long-term (adj): uzun vadeli teenager (n): ergen
major (adj): büyük/önemli uniform (n): üniforma
tiny (adj): küçücük waltz (n): vals
almost (adv): neredeyse water (n): su
fluently (adv): akıcı bir şekilde everybody (pron): herkes
significantly (adv): önemli ölçüde answer (v): cevap vermek
soon (adv): birazdan exceed (v): aşmak
up to (adv): en fazla expect (v): ummak
brain (n): beyin impact (v): etkilemek
camel (n): deve kill (v): öldürmek
children (n): çocuklar pose (v): teşkil etmek (tehlike, risk vs)
contamination (n): kirlilik rule (v): yönetmek, hüküm vermek
dolphin (n): yunus sleep (v): uyumak
dynasty (n): hanedan store (v): depolamak
environment (n): çevre, ortam taste (v): tatmak, ... tadında olmak
examination (n): inceleme, sınav wear (v): giymek, yıpranmak
factory (n): fabrika work (v): çalışmak, işe yaramak
failure (n): başarısızlık go without (pv): vazgeçmek, ...sız idare

etmek
glucose (n): glikoz
fill up (pv): dolmak
harm (n): zarar
result in (pv): ... ile sonuçlanmak
human (n): insan
burning (adj): yanan, çok sıcak,
infection (n): enfeksiyon güçlü(istek, tutku)
intake (n): alım courteous (adj): nazik

language (n): dil dim (adj): loş, mankafa
level (n): seviye dramatic (adj): çarpıcı, tiyatroyla ilgili

mushroom (n): mantar effective (adj): etkili
hard (adj): zor, katı, sıkı (çalışmak vs) use (n): kullanım, fayda
obese (adj): obez user (n): kullanıcı

overweight (adj): aşırı kilolu way (n): yol, yöntem
serious (adj): ciddi own (det): kendi
small (adj): küçük book (v): yer ayırtmak

any more (q): artık daha fazla come (v): gelmek
badly (adv): kötü bir şekilde consult (v): danışmak

implicitly (adv): gizli bir şekilde cough (v): öksürmek
obviously (adv): bariz bir şekilde develop (v): gelişmek, ortaya çıkmak
quickly (adv): hızlıca need (v): ihtiyaç duymak

advance (n): ilerleme, avans obey (v): itaat etmek
anxiety (n): endişe, isteklilik say (v): söylemek
bicycle (n): bisiklet study (v): çalışmak (ders), incelemek

blaze (n): büyük, güçlü ateş, alındaki any longer (adv): artık daha
beyaz leke (at vb.)
sell out (pv): hepsini satmak
cat (n): kedi
interfere with (pv): burnunu sokmak,
crop (n): ekin ırzına geçmek
cure (n): çare resort to (pv): kullanmak (son çare olarak)
electricity (n): elektrik set off (pv): yola çıkmak, devreye girmek
explosion (n): patlama, artış

Collocations
farmer (n): çiftçi minute detail : küçük detay
fish (n): balık fried food : kızartma
food (n): yiyecek eat food : yemek yemek
helmet (n): kask traffic rules : trafik kuralları
humanity (n): insanlık observe a rule : kurala uymak
impact (n): etki, darbe go on stage : sahneye çıkmak
learning (n): öğrenme smoke cigarette : sigara içmek
library (n): kütüphane wear seat belt : emniyet kemeri takmak
performance (n): performans, gösteri cut short : kısa kesmek
play (n): oyun eat diet : diyet yapmak
production (n): üretim, yapım simple carbohydrate : basit karbonhidrat
rainfall (n): yağmur yağışı undercooked meat : az pişmiş et
research (n): araştırma heart disease : kalp hastalığı
rider (n): binici colon cancer : kolon (kalın bağırsak)
road (n): yol kanseri
safety (n): güvenlik vitamin deficiency : vitamin eksikliği
sea (n): deniz low blood pressure : düşük tansiyon
spark (n): kıvılcım adverse reaction : olumsuz tepki
ticket (n): bilet, para cezası government policy : hükümet politikası
cheer loudly : yüksek sesle tezahürat serious impact : ciddi etki
yapmak
reduce rate : oranı azaltmak
internal bleeding : iç kanama
weight gain : kilo alma
solar eclipse : güneş tutulması
eat fish : balık yemek
wrist watch : kol saati
herbal remedy : bitkisel ilaç/çözüm
global temperature : küresel sıcaklık
make use : faydalanmak
summer holiday : yaz tatili
cause depression : depresyona neden
affect greatly : büyük ölçüde etkilemek olmak
write letter : mektup yazmak native language : ana dil

a lot more : çok daha fazla plan may work : plan işe yarayabilir

Prepositions
human life : insan hayatı good for : ... için iyi
almost empty : neredeyse boş at the table : masada
continuous supply : devamlı kaynak thank for : ...için teşekkür etmek
answer question : soruyu cevaplamak secure against : ...ya karşı güvenli
play waltz : vals çalmak in advance : önceden
excessive alcohol : aşırı alkol stop at : ...da durmak
long term : uzun vade/süre change in : …da değişiklik
break a promise : bir sözü tutmamak loss of : … kaybı
take antibiotic : antibiyotik almak in danger : tehlikede
bacterial infection : bakteriyel enfeksiyon impact on : …üzerinde etki
pose risk : risk teşkil etmek cure for : ... için tedavi
wear helmet : başlık, kask takmak in a ... way : ... bir şekilde
write music : beste yapmak allergic to : ...ya alerjisi olan
write word : yazı / kelime yazmak consult with : ... ile danışmak
obey a rule : kurala uymak lack of : ... eksikliği
fossil fuel : fosil yakıt
List of Simple Modals > must V1
MUST V1
time > present / future
mood > zorunluluk
Translation
(+) must do > yapmalı
(-) mustn't do > yapmamalı
You must learn from your mistakes.
We must hurry to make up for lost time.
You must pay attention to every minute detail from now on.
notlar
List of Simple Modals > should V1
SHOULD V1
mood > zorunluluk
Translation
(+) should do > yapmalı
(-) shouldn't do > yapmamalı
You shouldn't eat so much fried food; it's not good for your health.
You shouldn't speak with your mouth full at the table.
We should observe our traffic rules.
notlar
List of Simple Modals > ought to V1
OUGHT TO V1
mood > zorunluluk
Translation
(+) ought to do > yapmalı
(-) oughtn't to do > yapmamalı
Every actor ought to know his lines before he goes on stage.
Lastly, I ought to thank my parents for all their support.
Car manufacturers ought to produce more secure vehicles against theft.
notlar
List of Simple Modals > had better V1
HAD BETTER V1
mood > zorunluluk
Translation
(+) had better do > yapsa iyi olur
(-) had better not do > yapmasa iyi olur
You had better not smoke cigarette indoors.
You had better not take such a hopeless view of life.
You had better make a reservation in advance.
notlar
List of Simple Modals > have to V1
HAVE TO V1
time > present / future / past
mood > zorunluluk
Translation
Present Halde Kullanımları
(+) have to do > yapmak zorundalar (çoğul özne)
(-) don't have to do > yapmak zorunda değiller (çoğul özne)
(+) has to do > yapmak zorunda (tekil özne)
(-) doesn't have to do > yapmak zorunda değil (tekil özne)
Past Halde Kullanımları

(+) had to do > yapmak zorunda kaldı
(-) didn't have to do > yapmak zorunda kalmadı
Future Halde Kullanımları

(+) will have to do > yapmak zorunda kalacak
(-) won't have to do > yapmak zorunda kalmayacak
All car passengers have to wear a seat belt.
The country still has to import vegetable and fruits from other countries.
We ran out of time and had to cut short the interview.
We will have to set out early tomorrow morning.
Ambulances don't have to stop at red lights, but they usually slow down.
notlar
List of Simple Modals > need to V1
NEED TO V1
mood > zorunluluk
Translation
(+) need to do > yapmak zorundalar (çoğul özne)
(-) don't need to do > yapmak zorunda değiller (çoğul özne)
(+) needs to do > yapmak zorunda (tekil özne)
(-) doesn't need to do > yapmak zorunda değil (tekil özne)

(+) needed to do > yapmak zorunda kaldı
(-) didn't need to do > yapmak zorunda kalmadı

(+) will need to do > yapmak zorunda kalacak
(-) won't need to do > yapmak zorunda kalmayacak
Racers need to eat a proper diet in simple carbohydrates.
Will I need to stay in the hospital?
He needs to learn to stand up for himself.
notlar
List of Simple Modals > may V1
MAY V1
mood > ihtimal
Translation
(+) may do > yapabilir
(-) may not do > yapmayabilir
An old car well-used may outlast a new car badly-used.
Undercooked meat may contain parasites.
Vitamin B12 deficiency may lead to neurological damage, colon cancer, and heart disease.
notlar
List of Simple Modals > might V1
MIGHT V1
mood > ihtimal
Translation
(+) might do > yapabilir
(-) might not do > yapmayabilir
Reactions might occur in patients with low blood pressure.
Nightmares might result from adverse reaction of a drug.
Some changes in government policy might affect the business.
notlar
List of Simple Modals > can V1
CAN V1
mood > yetenek
Translation
(+) can do > yapabilir
(-) can't do > yapamaz
Anyone can produce salt from seawater with a simple experiment.
Thomas can swim thirty meters underwater on one breath.
I can't keep up with these changes in fashion.
notlar
List of Simple Modals > could V1
COULD V1
time > past
mood > yetenek
Translation
(+) could do > yapabiliyordu
(-) couldn't do > yapamıyordu
At the age of seven, she could use a computer.
Susan couldn't hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly.
German bombers couldn't break the resistance of the English.
notlar
COULD V1
mood > ihtimal
Translation
(+) could do > yapabilir
(-) couldn't do > yapmayabilir
Don't eat it; it could be poisonous.
Internal bleeding could be life threatening.
One wind turbine could power up to 500 homes.
notlar
List of Simple Modals > be able to V1
BE ABLE TO V1
mood > yetenek
Translation
(+) are able to do > yapabilirler (çoğul özne)
(-) are unable to do > yapamazlar (çoğul özne)
(-) aren't able to do > yapamazlar (çoğul özne)
(+) is able to do > yapabilir (tekil özne)

(-) is unable to do > yapamaz (tekil özne)
(-) isn't able to do > yapamaz (tekil özne)

(+) were able to do > yapabiliyorlardı / yapabildiler (çoğul özne)
(-) were unable to do > yapamıyorlardı / yapamadılar (çoğul özne)
(-) weren't able to do > yapamıyorlardı / yapamadılar (çoğul özne)
(+) was able to do > yapabiliyordu / yapabildi (tekil özne)

(-) was unable to do > yapamıyordu / yapamadı (tekil özne)
(-) wasn't able to do > yapamıyordu / yapamadı (tekil özne)

(+) will be able to do > yapabilecek
(-) will be unable to do > yapamayacak
(-) won't be able to do > yapamayacak
Plants are able to obtain energy from sunlight through photosynthesis.
We won't be able to see the solar eclipse because the weather is overcast.
They were able to identify him by his wrist watch.
notlar
List of Simple Modals > be going to V1
BE GOING TO V1
time > future / past
mood > gelecek zaman
Translation
(+) are going to do > yapacaklar (çoğul özne)
(-) aren't going to do > yapmayacaklar (çoğul özne)
(+) is going to do > yapacak (tekil özne)
(-) isn't going to do > yapmayacak (tekil özne)

(+) were going to do > yapacaklardı (çoğul özne)
(-) weren't going to do > yapmayacaklardı (çoğul özne)
(+) was going to do > yapacaktı (tekil özne)
(-) wasn't going to do > yapmayacaktı (tekil özne)
By the end of the century, the global temperature is going to rise more than 2 degrees Celsius.
How long are you going to be in the bathroom?
Some of the students are going to spend their summer holiday in Italy.
notlar
List of Simple Modals > would V1
WOULD V1
time > past
mood > will'in past hali
Translation
(+) would do > yapacak
(-) wouldn't do > yapmayacak
My dad said he would help with the cost of the new house.
We realised it wouldn't be easy to find another secretary.
notlar
WOULD V1
time > present
mood > unreal present, type 2
Translation
(+) would do > yapardı
(-) wouldn't do > yapmazdı
The loss of helium on Earth would affect society greatly.
Without the ozone layer, we would be in danger.
notlar
List of Simple Modals > used to V1
USED TO V1
time > past
mood > geçmişteki alışkanlık
Translation
(+) used to do > yapardı
(-) didn't use to do > yapmazdı
I didn't use to like opera but my husband has converted me.
In those days, people used to write a lot more letters.
My father used to play with my brother and me in the yard.
notlar
Meaning Recognition EN-TR > Introduction
1. "may strain" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "oughtn't to steer" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) gerilse iyi olur A) yönetmemeli
B) gerilecek B) yönetmeyecek
C) gerilebilir C) yönetmeyebilir
2. "used to smash" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "would move away" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) parçalamak zorunda A) uzaklaşacaktı
B) parçalamalı B) uzaklaşmak zorunda
C) parçalardı C) uzaklaşmalı
3. "are going to puzzle" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "can't mock" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) şaşırtabilir A) alay etmeyecek

B) şaşırtacak B) alay edemez
C) şaşırtmalı C) alay etmemeli
4. "might point out" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "could refute" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) belirtebilir A) yalanlayabilir
B) belirtse iyi olur B) yalanlayacak
C) belirtmek zorunda C) yalanlamalı
5. "can apologize" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "should nationalize" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) özür dilerdi A) kamulaştırsa iyi olur
B) özür dileyebilir B) kamulaştırabilir
C) özür dilemeli C) kamulaştırmalı
6. "didn't use to set" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "have to harden" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ayarlamayacak A) sertleştirmek zorunda
B) ayarlamak zorunda değil B) serleştirmek zorunda olacak
C) ayarlamazdı C) serleştirmeli
7. "might turn into" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "are able to blink" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) dönüşmeli A) göz kırpabilir

B) dönüşebilir B) göz kırpmalı
C) dönüşecek C) göz kırpsa iyi olur
8. "must spy" çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "wouldn't disturb" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) casusluk yapsa iyi olur A) rahatsız etmezdi

B) casusluk yapmak zorunda B) rahatsız etmemeli
C) casusluk yapmalı C) rahatsız edemez
9. "couldn't cut" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "mustn't carve" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) kesemez A) oymayacak
B) kesmezdi B) oymamalı
C) kesemiyordu C) oymayabilir
19. "could descend" çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "may open" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) alçalabiliyordu A) açabilir
B) alçalmalı B) açacaktı
C) alçalırdı C) açmalı
Meaning Recognition EN-TR > Homework
1. "must process" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "don't need to persuade" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) işleme koymalı A) ikna etmek zorunda değil
B) işleme koyabilir B) ikna etmeyecekti
C) işleme koyardı C) ikna etmemeli
2. "will have to harden" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "oughtn't to shock" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sertleştirmek zorunda olacak A) şok etmemeli
B) sertleştirebilir B) şok etmese iyi olur
C) sertleştirmeli C) şok etmek zorunda değildi
3. "had better not refund" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "might compensate" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) geri ödememeli A) tazminat ödeyebilir

B) geri ödemese iyi olur B) tazminat ödemeli
C) geri ödemek zorunda değil C) tazminat ödemek zorunda
4. "would prosecute" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "might not generalize" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) dava açmalı A) genelleme yapmayabilir

B) dava açacaktı B) genelleme yapmasa iyi olur
C) dava açabiliyordu C) genelleme yapmayacak
5. "wasn't going to divide" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "wouldn't take" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bölmezdi A) almamalı
B) bölmeyecekti B) almazdı
C) bölemiyordu C) alamıyordu
6. "used to contradict" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "had better iron" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) çelişirdi A) ütülemeli
B) çelişebilir B) ütüleyebilir
C) çelişmeli C) ütülese iyi olur
7. "couldn't entertain" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "couldn't soak" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) eğlendiremiyordu A) ıslanmayabilir
B) eğlendirmezdi B) ıslanmayacak
C) eğlendirmese iyi olur C) ıslanmazdı
8. "needs to take place" çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "had better thrill" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) gerçekleşebilir A) heyecanlandırabilir
B) gerçekleşecek B) heyecanlandırsa iyi olur
C) gerçekleşmek zorunda C) heyecanlandırmalı
9. "could harass" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "must root" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) taciz edecek A) eşelemeli
B) taciz ederdi B) eşeleyebiliyordu
C) taciz edebilir C) eşelemek zorunda
19. "can lay" çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "used to hike" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) koyabilir A) yürüyüş yapmalı
B) koymak zorunda B) yürüyüş yapacak
C) koyacak C) yürüyüş yapardı
20. "shouldn't supplement" çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "are going to bankrupt" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ilave edemez A) iflas edecekti

B) ilave etmemeli B) iflas edecek
C) ilave etmeyebilir C) iflas edebilir
21. "oughtn't to predict" çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "ought to divert" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tahmin etmeyebilir A) başka yöne çekmeli

B) tahmin etmeyecekti B) başka yöne çekecek
C) tahmin etmemeli C) başka yöne çekebilir
22. "can't wreck" çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "would borrow" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) enkaza çeviremez A) ödünç alabilir

B) enkaza çevirmemeli B) ödünç almalı
C) enkaza çevirmeyecek C) ödünç alırdı
23. "don't need to go off" çevirisi hangisidir? 32. "would elapse" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bozulmamalı A) geçerdi
B) bozulmak zorunda değil B) geçebilir
C) bozulmayabilir C) geçse iyi olur
24. "may not send" çevirisi hangisidir? 33. "might not fortify" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) göndermeyebilir A) güçlendirmemeli
B) göndermemeli B) güçlendirmeyebilir
C) göndermese iyi olur C) güçlendirmeyecek
25. "would insure" çevirisi hangisidir? 34. "might convince" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sigortalasa iyi olur A) ikna edebilir

B) sigortalamak zorunda olacak B) ikna etmeli
C) sigortalayacaktı C) ikna edecek
26. "would abuse" çevirisi hangisidir? 35. "could recommend" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kaba davranmalı A) tavsiye ederdi

B) kaba davranacaktı B) tavsiye etmeli
C) kaba davranacak C) tavsiye edebiliyordu
27. "won't have to spread" çevirisi hangisidir? 36. "should lack" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yayılmasa iyi olur A) eksik olabilirdi
B) yayılmak zorunda olmayacak B) eksik olabilir
C) yayılmamalı C) eksik olmalı
37. "can try" çevirisi hangisidir? 39. "were going to use" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) denemek zorunda olacak A) kullanacaktı

B) denemeli B) kullanırdı
C) deneyebilir C) kullanabiliyordu
38. "must declare" çevirisi hangisidir? 40. "may change" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ilan etse iyi olur A) değişecekti

B) ilan edebiliyordu B) değişebilir
C) ilan etmeli C) değişse iyi olur
Meaning Recognition TR-EN > Introduction
1. "isteyebiliyordu" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "ayağa kalkmamalı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) could want A) couldn't stand up

B) must want B) oughtn't to stand up
C) is going to want C) might not stand up
2. "çekip çıkarabilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "çarpacaktı" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) would extract A) was able to crash
B) needed to extract B) was going to crash
C) may extract C) must crash
3. "birikebilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "yerini tespit edemiyordu" çevirisi

hangisidir?
A) is able to accumulate
B) would accumulate A) oughtn't to locate
C) had better accumulate B) were unable to locate
C) might not locate
4. "çıkarsa iyi olur" çevirisi hangisidir?

13. "topluca yok edebilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) is going to subtract
B) ought to subtract A) should exterminate
C) had better subtract B) must exterminate
C) could exterminate
5. "bitirmemeli" çevirisi hangisidir?

14. "kırmazdı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) mustn't end
B) don’t have to end A) didn't use to break
C) didn’t need to end B) won’t have to break
C) doesn’t have to break
6. "kiralamayabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?

15. "şişmeli" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) couldn't rent
B) doesn't have to rent A) must swell
C) wouldn't rent B) Used to swell
C) was able to swell
7. "isim verebilir" çevirisi hangisidir?

16. "artırmalı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) used to name
B) would name A) might broaden
C) may name B) used to broaden
C) ought to broaden
8. "ölçebilir" çevirisi hangisidir?

17. "inerdi" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) may measure
B) would measure A) would land
C) has to measure B) could land
C) needs to land
9. "disiplin etmezdi" çevirisi hangisidir?

18. "oynamamalı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) oughtn’t to discipline
B) won’t have to discipline A) didn’t need to play
C) didn't use to discipline B) shouldn't play
C) are unable to play
19. "şahitlik yapmamalı" çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "kızdırmazdı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) doesn’t have to testify A) might not annoy
B) shouldn't testify B) didn't use to annoy
C) wouldn’t testify C) Was unable to annoy
Meaning Recognition TR-EN > Homework
1. "ilgilenemez" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "sarılırdı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) didn’t have to deal with A) will need to hug

B) may not deal with B) would hug
C) can't deal with C) were able to hug
2. "buluşmak zorunda olacak" çevirisi 11. "hayal kuracak" çevirisi hangisidir?

hangisidir?
A) are going to dream
A) would meet B) might dream
B) will need to meet C) would dream
C) is going to meet
12. "postalamamalı" çevirisi hangisidir?

3. "geri gitmemeli" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) didn’t need to post
A) may not reverse B) shouldn't post
B) can't reverse C) Is unable to post
C) oughtn't to reverse
13. "değerlendirebilir" çevirisi hangisidir?

4. "gelemiyordu" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) may evaluate
A) couldn't come B) must evaluate
B) didn't use to come C) would evaluate
C) doesn't need to come
14. "olmayabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?

5. "koşmasa iyi olur" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) mustn't become
A) wasn’t going to run B) couldn't become
B) had better not run C) shouldn't become
C) couldn’t not run
15. "şaka yapardı" çevirisi hangisidir?

6. "suçlayabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) used to joke
A) was going to accuse B) might joke
B) could accuse C) could joke
C) used to accuse
16. "esir etmeli" çevirisi hangisidir?

7. "iyileşmeyecekti" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) may enslave
A) oughtn’t to through B) should enslave
B) didn’t have to through C) Used to enslave
C) wouldn't pull through
17. "karışmazdı" çevirisi hangisidir?

8. "taslak hazırlayacaktı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) wouldn't interfere
A) are going to draft B) shouldn’t interfere
B) can draft C) are unable to interfere
C) would draft
18. "düşünmeli" çevirisi hangisidir?

9. "iğne yapsa iyi olur" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) has to reckon
A) have to inject B) must reckon
B) had better inject C) was able to reckon
C) is going to inject
19. "atıp kurtulabilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "düşebilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) must dispose of A) could fall

B) may dispose of B) used to fall
C) should dispose of C) must fall
20. "kürtaj yapmak zorundaydı" çevirisi 29. "yutmasa iyi olur" çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) doesn’t have to swallow
A) needed to abort B) had better not swallow
B) should abort C) mustn’t not swallow
C) must abort
30. "ısrar etmeli" çevirisi hangisidir?

21. "başlayabiliyordu" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ought to persist
A) was able to start B) had better persist
B) ought to start C) may persist
C) must start
31. "ölçerdi" çevirisi hangisidir?

22. "sonuç çıkarabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) used to measure
A) used to deduce B) ought to measure
B) may deduce C) might measure
C) should deduce
32. "görevlendirmek zorunda" çevirisi

23. "galip gelmemeli" çevirisi hangisidir? hangisidir?
A) don’t need to defeat A) should appoint
B) shouldn't defeat B) must appoint
C) might not defeat C) have to appoint
24. "kampanya düzenleyebilir" çevirisi 33. "tuzlayabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?

hangisidir?
A) needs to salt
A) can campaign B) has to salt
B) should campaign C) might salt
C) had better campaign
34. "israf etmeli" çevirisi hangisidir?

25. "takip edebilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) would waste
A) will have to follow B) ought to waste
B) were going to follow C) can waste
C) are able to follow
35. "tatmin etmek zorunda değil" çevirisi

26. "göstermemeli" çevirisi hangisidir? hangisidir?
A) has to demonstrate A) might not satisfy

B) had better not demonstrate B) doesn't have to satisfy
C) mustn't demonstrate C) shouldn't satisfy
27. "taşınacaktı" çevirisi hangisidir? 36. "buluşurdu" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) used to move A) would meet
B) would move B) will have to meet
C) will have to move C) should meet
37. "büyülemek zorundaydı" çevirisi hangisidir? 39. "kutlamazdı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) had to fascinate A) didn't use to celebrate
B) must fascinate B) didn’t have to celebrate
C) could fascinate C) oughtn’t to celebrate
38. "görmeyebilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 40. "yürüyemez" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) didn't use to see A) didn’t have to walk

B) might not see B) can't walk
C) is not going to see C) weren’t going to walk
Mood Recognition > Introduction
1. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır? 8. Hangisi "unreal present" bildiren bir
modaldır?
A) may not steer
B) couldn't comprise A) may shrink
C) had better save B) wouldn't take into account
D) wouldn't take off C) ought to enclose
D) should occupy
2. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?

9. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) had better allocate
B) must exert A) need to laugh
C) was able to rain B) would accuse
D) may not check out C) can ridicule
D) used to define

A) shouldn't keep in mind
B) couldn't massacre A) have to unlock
C) used to feed B) should tell
D) doesn't have to tour C) must park
D) could enlist
4. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır?

A) would pay off
B) could astound A) might not unload
C) shouldn't air B) ought to research
D) might fade away C) didn't use to avoid
D) must donate

A) mustn't imitate
B) aren't going to widen A) didn't use to make up for
C) may reappear B) is going to vaccinate
D) might land C) doesn't have to match
D) could tour

A) isn't going to unite
B) need to reveal A) need to survey
C) may not try B) is able to extend
D) can't accompany C) might keep in mind
D) oughtn't to sail

A) might earn
B) could dance A) may not cling to
C) used to head B) is going to disprove
D) must hallucinate C) has to balance
D) might not discipline
15. Hangisi "past alışkanlık bildiren bir 18. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır?
modaldır?
A) can't surge
A) used to desert B) shouldn't implement
B) would neglect C) isn't going to ache
C) is unable to camouflage D) might not prove
D) should embarrass

A) didn't use to set out
A) might shelter B) needed to greet
B) ought to refund C) may not fertilize
C) used to catalyse D) could teach
D) is going to adjust

A) would commute
A) is going to persevere B) should look for
B) couldn't request C) may oscillate
C) may not avoid D) could exile
D) had better not contrast
Mood Recognition > Homework
1. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır? 8. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) had better not edit A) has to have

B) would enrol B) are going to nationalize
C) used to speed up C) must withstand
D) is able to crave D) may ravage
2. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır? 9. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) should fight off A) are going to translate

B) is able to reinforce B) can highlight
C) might set out C) might package
D) would ripen D) have to shield
A) wouldn't go A) doesn't have to voice

B) ought to exhaust B) must trouble
C) might not bewilder C) might comprehend
D) may not package D) were able to compare
4. Hangisi "unreal present" bildiren bir 11. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır?
modaldır?
A) may tempt
A) might not scream B) could misuse
B) would rot C) isn't going to label
C) didn't use to download D) oughtn't to dislike
D) was going to discover

A) must enslave
A) can refuse B) didn't use to reform
B) would sit C) might depart
C) are going to research D) may advertise
D) must code
13. Hangisi "gelecek zaman" bildiren bir

6. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır? modaldır?
A) could rob A) don't have to bow

B) have to rape B) may market
C) used to mistreat C) must make do with
D) might fall short D) aren't going to post
7. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır? 14. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) needed to base A) are going to create

B) can turn out B) may not stain
C) should brainstorm C) are able to rebel
D) would awaken D) don't need to murder
15. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır? 22. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) was able to export A) have to conflict

B) have to survive B) would pierce
C) should deal C) are able to shatter
D) might type D) may creep
A) couldn't enlighten A) wouldn't ravage

B) might not serve B) had better carry out
C) wouldn't sentence C) should reply
D) had better cheat D) might patent
17. Hangisi "will'in past hali" olan bir modaldır? 24. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) had better not complicate A) aren't going to outrage

B) couldn't trip B) would come together
C) is unable to sweat C) could oversleep
D) would stick D) shouldn't withstand
18. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır? 25. Hangisi "past alışkanlık bildiren bir
modaldır?
A) are able to scream
B) must assault A) can humiliate
C) could discipline B) is able to drift apart
D) used to advocate C) used to stabilize
D) has to comprise

A) are able to keep out
B) may align with A) need to complain
C) has to refine B) could itch
D) didn't use to indicate C) has to stay behind
D) ought to arrive
20. Hangisi "will'in past hali" olan bir modaldır?

27. Hangisi "gelecek zaman" bildiren bir
A) would minimize modaldır?
B) can't believe in
A) can amaze
C) didn't use to move on
B) are going to slip
D) didn't need to try
C) used to sweep away
D) may assume
21. Hangisi "unreal present" bildiren bir
modaldır?
A) used to slam
B) ought to overestimate A) used to sum up
C) are going to oppose B) may enter
D) would ring C) didn't need to give
D) would hear
A) would forge A) may cover
B) used to hold B) had better bet
C) didn't have to narrow C) were going to descend
D) is going to torment D) would bless
30. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır? 36. Hangisi "will'in past hali" olan bir modaldır?
A) wouldn't reload A) would convict
B) can't strangle B) can't hold
C) may not design C) might not root
D) might not abolish D) is able to inhale
31. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır? 37. Hangisi "gelecek zaman" bildiren bir
modaldır?
A) wouldn't fly
B) may not determine A) may offset
C) shouldn't struggle B) ought to sit
D) could model C) aren't going to shave
D) had better register

A) had better turn up
B) should astound A) might represent
C) would come into B) should retire
D) couldn't discuss C) are able to spread out
D) could appear

A) is able to explode
B) must believe A) has to rehearse
C) couldn't impede B) could show up
D) didn't use to dictate C) might multiply
D) didn't use to see

A) had better affect
B) are unable to bandage A) is unable to pass away
C) may outperform B) must put forward
D) would form C) can spread out
D) would peel
1: Global warming can significantly impact human 8: The orchestra is going to play a waltz; it is
life on many levels. number two on the programme.
TR: TR:
2: All children have to wear school uniforms in

Ghana. 9: Without water, there would be no life on Earth.
TR: TR:
10: Noise levels in factories must not exceed 85

3: Our car's gas tank is almost empty. We had
decibels.
better fill it up with gas soon.
TR:
TR:
11: Intake of excessive alcohol during pregnancy

might lead to long-term harm to the baby.
TR:
4: Teenagers need to sleep seven or eight hours a
night.
TR:
5: Camels can go without water for many days.

TR: 12: You ought not to break your promise.
TR:
6: The brain is unable to store glucose, and so must 13: The Han Dynasty would rule China for the next
have a continuous supply. 400 years.
TR: TR:
14: At the age of ten, she could speak two

languages fluently.
7: The students don’t have to answer all the TR:
questions in the examination paper.
TR:
15: People should only take antibiotics for bacterial 18: She used to be a teacher, but now she works in
infections. publishing.
TR: TR:
16: Everybody expected that the experiment would 19: Dolphins are able to hear sounds from up to 24
result in failure. kilometers away under water.
TR: TR:
17: High levels of contamination may pose major

risks to people and the environment. 20: Even tiniest piece of this mushroom could kill
TR: you; don't taste it.
TR:
1: Every bicycle rider should wear helmet for his 7: You have to book the tickets for the play in
own safety. advance - they sell out quickly.
TR: TR:
2: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was able to write

music before he could write words.
TR: 8: The smallest spark could set off a blaze or
explosion.
TR:
3: All road users must obey the traffic rules and be 9: The humanity wouldn't develop in a dramatic way
courteous. without electricity.
TR: TR:
4: The burning of fossil fuels might have a serious

10: Ali is allergic to sea food, so he had better not
impact on the Earth's temperature.
eat fish.
TR:
TR:
11: Patients ought not to use herbal remedies

without consulting with a doctor first.
5: Overweight and obese children should reduce TR:
the rate of weight gain.
TR:
12: We used to smoke, but we aren't any longer.

6: Through hard work and research, they could find
TR:
a cure for the disease.
TR:
13: Farmers need to be able to make more effective

use of rainfall in crop production.
TR:
14: You are coughing badly; you had better see a 18: Plan A obviously wasn't going to work, so we
doctor. had to resort to plan B.
TR: TR:
15: She said she wouldn't come to the library any

more.
TR: 19: Cats can see very well in dim light.
TR:
20: Anxiety can interfere with children’s

16: A lack of vitamin D may cause depression in performance at school.
some people. TR:
TR:
17: Children don't need to study their native

language; their language learning occurs implicitly.
TR:
1 dönüştürmek low smoke convert greatly
2 meyve, sonuç full contamination fruit crowd

3 et answer meat any longer life threatening
4 meydana gelmek student bathroom occur bicycle
5 kask effective hurry resort to helmet
6 alçak, keyifsiz dim speaker low paper
7 aşırı kilolu overweight speak manufacturer age
8 kanama undercooked bleeding production produce
9 etki, darbe photosynthesis impact blood almost
10 üretmek, neden olmak kill expect produce dim
11 yağmur yağışı experiment change serious rainfall
kullanmak (son çare
12 watch resort to camel number
olarak)
13 ses own fish sound produce
14 tutulma (ay, güneş) eclipse racer short import
15 düzgün, uygun internal teacher proper early
16 büyük/önemli undercooked impact major water
17 kayıp, zarar break say dynasty loss
18 bilet, para cezası crowd ticket soon research
19 kirlilik any more use infection contamination
20 zehirli breath poisonous reservation affect
21 baskı, basınç consult rule minute pressure
(sigara vs) içmek,
22 fill up infection language smoke
tütsülemek
23 ummak up to drug dramatic expect
24 hata rise small cut mistake
25 içeride indoors answer minute stay
26 deney camel dim experiment secretary
daha uzun süre
27 outlast fluently use actor
dayanmak
28 imalatçı quickly manufacturer home farmer
29 mantar stay vehicle mushroom line
yönetmek, hüküm
30 eclipse rule tiny sunlight
vermek
31 ilerleme, avans in those days advance set off publishing
32 üniforma heart uniform indoors still
33 yüksek sesle loudly age food observe
34 dil language cure import loudly
35 ekin user crop taste electricity
36 ... ile sonuçlanmak salt early sunlight result in
37 hepsini satmak courteous sell out store implicitly
38 umutsuz resistance hopeless occur watch
39 basit night reservation colon simple
40 itaat etmek quickly children obey wind turbine
41 hırsızlık old rule vegetable theft
içermek, kontrol altına
42 contain language fluently global
almak
43 toplum, dernek reaction identify solar society
44 telafi etmek proper in those days keep up with make up for
45 beyin fish pregnancy up to brain
46 harcamak spend significantly stage obey
47 aşırı excessive set out failure student
48 hastalık disease nightmare human impact
49 ağız parasite society layer mouth
50 ayak uydurmak way keep up with run out of children
tatmak, ... tadında
51 everybody taste spend spark
olmak
52 küçücük impact convert tiny passenger
53 yol açmak danger health play lead to
54 güvenli racer book secure meat
55 moda, tarz summer noise fashion children
56 eksiklik business deficiency lastly obese
57 beslenme, rejim new diet interview view
kâğıt, gazete, belge,
58 paper road environment century
makale
59 hanedan hard learning identify dynasty
60 başarısızlık failure contain taste go without
61 deve road hurry camel play
yola çıkmak, ...ya
62 set out excessive serious secure
koyulmak
63 araştırma before store examination research
64 yaz mevsimi human home old summer
65 ciddi yard publishing serious cough
66 kütüphane crop library need contain
67 çevre, ortam rise environment badly significantly
68 bariz bir şekilde obviously impact up to easy
69 kalmak stay pregnancy hear interview
70 gürültü noise heart result from internal
71 soru, şüphe need question diet level
72 etkilemek helmet consult impact user
73 ebeveyn consult rule parent light
74 iç orchestra night sell out internal
75 aşmak exceed humanity letter underwater
76 müdafaa etmek stand up for bleeding resort to reservation
77 ithal etmek stand up for import minute convert
78 enfeksiyon infection view any longer environment
79 mülakat, röportaj cheer burning thank interview
80 öksürmek infection reaction wrist cough
policy internal solar greatly almost
serious weight make cause native
minute cut heart deficiency adverse
continuous break pose wear obey
1 ---- detail küçük detay
2 ---- short kısa kesmek
3 ---- disease kalp hastalığı
4 vitamin ---- vitamin eksikliği
5 ---- reaction olumsuz tepki
6 government ---- hükümet politikası
7 ---- bleeding iç kanama
8 ---- eclipse güneş tutulması
9 affect ---- büyük ölçüde etkilemek
10 ---- empty neredeyse boş
11 ---- supply devamlı kaynak
12 ---- a promise bir sözü tutmamak
13 ---- risk risk teşkil etmek
14 ---- helmet başlık, kask takmak
15 ---- a rule kurala uymak
16 ---- impact ciddi etki
17 ---- gain kilo alma
18 ---- use faydalanmak
19 ---- depression depresyona neden olmak
20 ---- language ana dil
1 good ---- ... için iyi

2 ---- the table masada
3 thank ---- ...için teşekkür etmek
4 secure ---- ...ya karşı güvenli
5 ---- advance önceden
6 stop ---- ...da durmak
7 change ---- …da değişiklik
8 loss ---- … kaybı
9 ---- danger tehlikede
10 impact ---- …üzerinde etki
11 cure ---- ... için tedavi
12 ---- a ... way ... bir şekilde
13 allergic ---- ...ya alerjisi olan
14 consult ---- ... ile danışmak
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Simple Modals ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Perfect Modals
• Unit Words
• List of Perfect Modals
tool (n): alet

Vocabulary
patient (n): hasta -like (suffix): ... gibi
sign (n): işaret admit (v): kabul etmek, içeri almak
smoke (n): duman, sigara içme cut up (pv): doğramak, önünü/yolunu

kesmek
staff (n): personel
raw (adj): ham
buy (v): satın almak, kanmak
even (adv): bile
evacuate (v): tahliye etmek
access (n): erişim
try out (pv): sınamak
city (n): şehir
better (adj): daha iyi
material (n): madde
mean (adj): kaba, cimri, ortalama
before (conj, prep): ...dan önce çalıştırmak
ask (v): sormak, istemek different (adj): farklı
deserve (v): hak etmek quite (adv): oldukça
use (v): kullanmak but (trans): ama
bus (n): otobüs ankle (n): ayak bileği
dark (n): karanlık encouragement (n): teşvik
electricity (n): elektrik family (n): aile
night (n): gece husband (n): koca
region (n): bölge match (n): maç, kibrit, eş
son (n): erkek evlat someone (pron): biri
weekend (n): hafta sonu achieve (v): başarmak
miss (v): kaçırmak, özlemek hurt (v): incitmek
stay (v): kalmak marry (v): evlenmek
last (adj): son, geçen win (v): kazanmak
go off (pv): çalışmamak, patlamak, mistake (n): hata

apologize for (pv): ...için özür dilemek
abroad (adv): yurt dışında
modern (adj): çağdaş
Europe (n): Avrupa
especially (adv): özellikle
art (n): sanat, beceri
supporter (n): destekçi
movement (n): hareket, akım
establish (v): kurmak, belirlemek
research (n): araştırma
addictive (adj): bağımlılık yaratan
science (n): bilim
ancestor (n): ata
world (n): dünya
animal (n): hayvan
occur (v): meydana gelmek
ape (n): maymun
progress (v): ilerlemek
drug (n): ilaç, uyuşturucu
broke (adj): meteliksiz
stone (n): taş, cevher, çekirdek
survey (n): anket
impossible (adj): imkânsız flood (n): sel, bolluk
recent (adj): son zamanlardaki gate (n): büyük kapı, uçağa biniş kapısı
beautifully (adv): güzelce homework (n): ödev

carefully (adv): dikkatle irrigation (n): sulama
here (adv): burası, Tanıştırayım!, İşte left (n): sol

burada!
man (n): adam, insanoğlu
book (n): kitap
month (n): ay
day (n): gün, gündüz
museum (n): müze
discovery (n): keşif
output (n): çıktı, çıkış
election (n): seçim
planning (n): planlama
pneumonia (n): zatürre
health (n): sağlık
question (n): soru, şüphe
help (n): yardım
week (n): hafta
milk (n): süt
yield (n): verim
musician (n): müzisyen
avoid (v): kaçınmak
penicillin (n): penisilin
petrol (n): benzin
detect (v): tespit etmek
shop (n): dükkan
die (v): ölmek
support (n): destek
enter (v): girmek
worker (n): işçi
stop (v): durmak, engellemek
succeed (v): başarmak, sonrasında
play (v): oynamak, çalmak (müzik aleti), rol gelmek
almak
turn (v): dönmek, dönüşmek
a little (q): biraz
Collocations
write (v): yazmak
electric shaver : elektrikli tıraş makinesi
move out (pv): taşınmak
ask permission : izin istemek
run out of (pv): tüketmek
use computer : bilgisayar kullanmak
practice (v): alıştırma yapmak
civil war : iç savaş
careful (adj): dikkatli
commit crime : suç işlemek
raw material : ham madde
eventual (adj): nihai
quite different : oldukça farklı
great (adj): büyük, mükemmel
modern art : modern sanat
possible (adj): mümkün
treat properly : doğru düzgün tedavi
wrong (adj): yanlış etmek
too (adv): çok fazla, de, da treat patient : hastayı tedavi etmek
breathing (n): nefes alıp verme spend money : para harcamak
civilization (n): uygarlık run out of petrol : benzini bitmek
diagnosis (n): teşhis start the car : arabayı çalıştırmak
experiment (n): deney win an election : seçimi kazanmak
great flood : büyük sel progress in : ...daki ilerleme, gelişme
destroy civilization : uygarlığı yok etmek without support : desteksiz

forward planning : ileriye dönük planlama at the crossroads : yol ayrımında
avoid problem : sorunu önlemek stay in : ...da kalmak
in the hospital : hastanede

Prepositions
sign of : ...nın işareti increase in : ...da artış
in the dark : karanlıkta succeed in : ...da başarılı olmak
List of Perfect Modals > should have V3
SHOULD HAVE V3
time > past
mood > azarlama
Translation
(+) should have done > yapmalıydı
(-) shouldn't have done > yapmamalıydı
I should have tried out this electric shaver before buying it.
The nursing home’s staff should have evacuated patients at the first sign of smoke.
notlar
List of Perfect Modals > ought to have V3
OUGHT TO HAVE V3
time > past
mood > azarlama
Translation
(+) ought to have done > yapmalıydı
(-) oughtn't to have done > yapmamalıydı
You oughtn't have been so mean to your mother; she deserves better.
You ought to have asked my permission before you used my computer.
notlar
List of Perfect Modals > must have V3
MUST HAVE V3
time > past
mood > ihtimal
Translation
(+) must have done > yapmış olmalı
(-) mustn't have done > yapmamış olmalı
My son was very late last night. He must have missed the last bus.
Last weekend the electricity went off in that region. People must have stayed in the dark until late hours.
notlar
List of Perfect Modals > may have V3
MAY HAVE V3
time > past
mood > ihtimal
Translation
(+) may have done > yapmış olabilir
(-) may not have done > yapmamış olabilir
The Romans may have established some of the first hospitals in Europe.
He may have gone abroad with his supporters during the civil war.
notlar
List of Perfect Modals > might have V3
MIGHT HAVE V3
time > past
mood > ihtimal
Translation
(+) might have done > yapmış olabilir
(-) might not have done > yapmamış olabilir
Ape-like ancestors might have used stone tools to cut up animals.
During the survey, people might not have admitted to using addictive drugs.
notlar
List of Perfect Modals > can't have V3
CAN'T HAVE V3
time > past
mood > ihtimal
Translation
(-) can't have done > yapmış olamaz
He can't have committed this crime. He wasn't even in the city that night.
China can't have started a nuclear program without access to the raw materials.
notlar
List of Perfect Modals > could have V3
COULD HAVE V3
time > past
mood > ihtimal, yetenek
Translation
(+) could have done > yapmış olabilir / yapabilirdi
(-) couldn't have done > yapmamış olabilir / yapamazdı
You could have apologized for your mistake.
You could have married someone quite different.
They could have won the football match, but John hurt his ankle.
I could never have achieved this without the encouragement of my husband and family.
notlar
List of Perfect Modals > would have V3
WOULD HAVE V3
time > past
mood > unreal past, type 3
Translation
(+) would have done > yapmış olurdu
(-) wouldn't have done > yapmamış olurdu
Without Dadaism, Surrealism and other modern art movements would not have occurred.
Without research, especially in science, our world would not have progressed.
notlar
1. "couldn't have thrived" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "ought to have selected" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) gelişmiş olamaz A) seçmiş olmalı
B) gelişemezdi B) seçebilirdi
C) gelişmemiş olmalı C) seçmeliydi
2. "would have left" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "would have referred to" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ayrılmalıydı A) başvurmuş olabilir

B) ayrılmış olabilir B) başvurmuş olmalı
C) ayrılmış olurdu C) başvurmuş olurdu
3. "can't have spotted" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "might not have cracked" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) görmemiş olmalı
B) görmüş olamaz A) çatlamamalıydı
C) görmemiş olabilir B) çatlamamış olabilir
C) çatlamamış olurdu
4. "mustn't have grown" çevirisi hangisidir?

13. "might not have cried" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) büyümüş olamaz
B) büyümemiş olmalı A) ağlamamış olmalı
C) büyüyemezdi B) ağlamamış olabilir
C) ağlamış olamaz
5. "couldn't have concentrated" çevirisi

hangisidir? 14. "ought to have produced" çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) yoğunlaşmamış olmalı
B) yoğunlaşmış olamaz A) üretebilirdi
C) yoğunlaşamazdı B) üretmeliydi
C) üretmiş olabilir
6. "may have changed" çevirisi hangisidir?

15. "wouldn't have charged" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) değiştirmiş olurdu
B) değiştirmiş olabilir A) ücretlendirmiş olamaz
C) değiştirmişi olmalı B) ücretlendirmemiş olmalı
C) ücretlendirmemiş olurdu
7. "ought to have come" çevirisi hangisidir?

16. "should have written" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) gelmiş olabilir
B) gelmeliydi A) yazmalıydı
C) gelmiş olmalı B) yazmış olmalı
C) yazmış olabilir
8. "should have destroyed" çevirisi hangisidir?

17. "can't have bitten" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yok etmiş olabilir
B) yok etmemiş olmalı A) ısırmamış olmalı
C) yok etmeliydi B) ısırmamış olurdu
C) ısırmış olamaz
9. "could have estimated" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tahmin etmeliydi
B) tahmin edebilirdi
C) tahmin etmiş olmalı
18. "shouldn't have fabricated" çevirisi 19. "can't have brought" çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) getirmiş olamaz
A) uydurmuş olamaz B) getirmemeliydi
B) uyduramazdı C) getirmemiş olurdu
C) uydurmamalıydı
20. "must have bitten" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ısırabilirdi
B) ısırmış olurdu
C) ısırmış olmalı
1. "should have repeated" çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "can't have obtained" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tekrar edebilirdi A) elde etmemeliydi

B) tekrar etmeliydi B) elde etmemiş olurdu
C) tekrar etmiş olmalı C) elde etmiş olamaz
2. "ought to have corrected" çevirisi 10. "must have reformed" çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) geliştirmiş olabilir
A) düzeltmiş olabilir B) geliştirmiş olmalı
B) düzeltmeliydi C) geliştirmeliydi
C) düzeltmiş olmalı
11. "can't have put" çevirisi hangisidir?

3. "might not have ironed" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) koymamış olmalı
A) ütü yapamazdı B) koymamış olabilir
B) ütü yapmamış olabilir C) koymuş olamaz
C) ütü yapmış olamaz
12. "wouldn't have adapted" çevirisi hangisidir?

4. "must have started" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) uyum sağlamamış olurdu
A) başlamalıydı B) uyum sağlamış olamaz
B) başlamış olmalı C) uyum sağlamamış olmalı
C) başlamış olabilir
13. "would have lived" çevirisi hangisidir?

5. "may have enjoyed" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yaşamış olurdu
A) eğlenmiş olabilir B) yaşamış olmalı
B) eğlenmeliydi C) yaşamış olabilir
C) eğlenmiş olmalı
14. "must have compared" çevirisi hangisidir?

6. "may have mentioned" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kıyaslamalıydı
A) bahsetmiş olabilir B) kıyaslamış olmalı
B) bahsetmiş olurdu C) kıyaslayabilirdi
C) bahsetmiş olmalı
15. "ought to have waited" çevirisi hangisidir?

7. "might not have brushed" çevirisi
hangisidir? A) bekleyebilirdi
B) beklemeliydi
A) fırçalamış olamaz
C) beklemiş olmalı
B) fırçalamamış olabilir
C) fırçalamamalıydı
16. "mustn't have increased" çevirisi hangisidir?
8. "can't have swum" çevirisi hangisidir? A) arttırmamış olmalı

B) arttırmamış olabilir
A) yüzmemeliydi
C) arttırmış olamaz
B) yüzmemiş olmalı
C) yüzmüş olamaz
17. "should have slept" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) uyumuş olmalı
B) uyumuş olabilir
C) uyumalıydı
18. "may have brought about" çevirisi 24. "shouldn't have fought" çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) dövüşmüş olamaz
A) neden olmuş olmalı B) dövüşmemeliydi
B) neden olmuş olurdu C) dövüşemezdi
C) neden olmuş olabilir
25. "might not have blushed" çevirisi

19. "could have shown" çevirisi hangisidir? hangisidir?
A) göstermiş olmalı A) kızarmamalıydı

B) gösterebilirdi B) kızarmazdı
C) göstermiş olurdu C) kızarmamış olabilir
20. "ought to have proposed" çevirisi 26. "might have joked" çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) şaka yapmış olabilir
A) teklif etmiş olmalı B) şaka yapmış olmalı
B) teklif etmiş olabilir C) şaka yapabilirdi
C) teklif etmeliydi
27. "may not have persisted" çevirisi hangisidir?

21. "wouldn't have descended" çevirisi
hangisidir? A) ısrar etmemeliydi
B) ısrar etmiş olamaz
A) alçalmış olamaz
C) ısrar etmemiş olabilir
B) alçalmamış olurdu
C) alçalmamış olabilir
28. "would have afflicted" çevirisi hangisidir?
22. "couldn't have elevated" çevirisi hangisidir? A) acı vermiş olabilir

B) acı verebilirdi
A) yükseltemezdi
C) acı vermiş olurdu
B) yükseltmiş olamaz
C) yükseltmemeliydi
29. "could have rested on" çevirisi hangisidir?
23. "should have pass" çevirisi hangisidir? A) dayanabilirdi

B) dayanmış olmalı
A) geçmiş olurdu
C) dayanmış olabilir
B) geçebilirdi
C) geçmeliydi
30. "couldn't have formed" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) şekil veremezdi
B) şekil vermiş olamaz
C) şekil vermemiş olmalı
1. "taciz etmemeliydi" çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "numara yapmamalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) can't have harassed A) couldn't have pretended

B) mustn't have harassed B) oughtn't to have pretended
C) shouldn't have harassed C) wouldn't have pretended
2. "kaydırmış olmalı" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "tehlikeye atmamalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) could have lifted A) shouldn't have endangered

B) must have lifted B) couldn't have endangered
C) would have lifted C) can't have endangered
3. "yükselebilirdi" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "artmış olmalı" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) would have raised A) may have risen
B) could have raised B) could have risen
C) may have raised C) must have risen
4. "kanamış olurdu" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "tamir etmiş olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) might have bled A) must have mended
B) would have bled B) ought to have mended
C) ought to have bled C) might have mended
5. "kazmış olurdu" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "yapmış olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) would have dug A) may have done

B) might have dug B) should have done
C) ought to have dug C) would have done
6. "donmuş olamaz" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "yardım etmemiş olabilir" çevirisi

hangisidir?
A) mustn't have frozen
B) may not have frozen A) may not have aided
C) can't have frozen B) mustn't have aided
C) can't have aided
7. "yeniden başlatmış olmalı" çevirisi

hangisidir? 15. "saptırmış olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) may have restarted A) might have diverted
B) must have restarted B) would have diverted
C) should have restarted C) should have diverted
8. "aniden hareket etmeliydi" çevirisi 16. "deneyebilirdi" çevirisi hangisidir?

hangisidir?
A) ought to have tried
A) must have sprung B) would have tried
B) would have sprung C) could have tried
C) ought to have sprung
17. "parlayamazdı" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) mustn't have flashed
B) might not have flashed
C) couldn't have flashed
18. "bozulmalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "yıkamış olamaz" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) could have broken down A) shouldn't have washed
B) would have broken down B) can't have washed
C) should have broken down C) may not have washed
19. "vurmuş olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) could have hit

B) would have hit
C) may have hit
1. "katılmış olamaz" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "yumuşatmalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) can't have taken part in A) must have softened

B) wouldn't have taken part in B) could have softened
C) might not have taken part in C) ought to have softened
2. "rehberlik etmemiş olabilir" çevirisi 11. "odaklanmış olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?

hangisidir?
A) would have focused
A) might not have guided B) might have focused
B) mustn't have guided C) could have focused
C) shouldn't have guided
12. "değiştirmiş olurdu" çevirisi hangisidir?

3. "işgal etmiş olamaz" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) must have falsified
A) mustn't have occupied B) would have falsified
B) may not have occupied C) might have falsified
C) can't have occupied
13. "bayılmış olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?

4. "ulaşmış olamaz" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ought to have passed out
A) mustn't have arrived B) might have passed out
B) oughtn't have arrived C) must have passed out
C) can't have arrived
14. "takviye etmeliydi" çevirisi hangisidir?

5. "ilgilenmemeliydi" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) must have consolidated
A) mustn't have dealt with B) could have consolidated
B) wouldn't have dealt with C) should have consolidated
C) oughtn't to have dealt with
15. "soruşturmalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir?

6. "görmüş olamaz" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) must have inquired
A) can't have seen B) might have inquired
B) may not have seen C) should have inquired
C) mustn't have seen
16. "kaybolmuş olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?

7. "öğrenmiş olurdu" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) might have vanished
A) would have learnt B) would have vanished
B) might have learnt C) should have vanished
C) must have learnt
17. "düzenlemiş olmalı" çevirisi hangisidir?

8. "sigortalamamış olurdu" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) might have regulated
A) may not have insured B) must have regulated
B) can't have insured C) would have regulated
C) wouldn't have insured
18. "çalışmamış olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?

9. "uzanmalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) shouldn't have worked
A) could have lain down B) can't have worked
B) must have lain down C) may not have worked
C) ought to have lain down
19. "çizmiş olmalı" çevirisi hangisidir? 25. "iyi anlaşamazdı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) would have drawn A) may not have on well

B) might have drawn B) couldn't have got on well
C) must have drawn C) wouldn't have seen off
20. "çelişemezdi" çevirisi hangisidir? 26. "devam etmiş olurdu" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) couldn't have contradicted A) could have kept on
B) mustn't have contradicted B) would have kept on
C) can't have contradicted C) may have kept on
21. "uzak durmamalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir? 27. "halletmeliydi" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) couldn't have abstained A) must have passed out

B) may not have abstained B) might have passed out
C) shouldn't have abstained C) ought to have sorted out
22. "kullanmış olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "takip etmeliydi" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) would have utilized A) should have followed

B) may have utilized B) might have followed
C) ought to have utilized C) must have followed
23. "meydana gelmiş olmalı" çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "dalgalanmış olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) might have occurred A) must have fluctuated

B) ought to have occurred B) ought to have fluctuated
C) must have occurred C) may have fluctuated
24. "sızdıramazdı" çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "sulamış olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) couldn't have leaked A) may have watered
B) wouldn't have leaked B) could have watered
C) oughtn't to have leaked C) should have watered
1. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır? 8. Hangisi "unreal past" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) might have cared A) would have stayed

B) would have consumed B) might have fled
C) should have lived up to C) can't have predicted
D) ought to have accessed D) should have regretted
2. Hangisi "unreal past" bildiren bir modaldır? 9. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) should have focused on A) may not have thrown

B) may not have maximized B) ought to have earned
C) would have given up C) would have turned over
D) could have hung out D) might have grown up
3. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır? 10. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) should have thrown out A) shouldn't have raced

B) ought to have sprung from B) can't have seen off
C) may have stood by C) may have misinterpreted
D) would have unlocked D) mustn't have bound
4. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır? 11. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) wouldn't have prolonged A) ought to have transmitted

B) should have startled B) can't have spoken up
C) ought to have cleaned up C) should have spat
D) might not have mistreated D) would have gazed
A) wouldn't have prospered A) ought to have trembled
B) can't have coined B) must have hesitated
C) shouldn't have fought off C) would have banded together
D) oughtn't to have attributed to D) should have esteemed
6. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır? 13. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) should have hindered A) may not have deleted

B) may have moved away B) mustn't have passed away
C) must have scored C) can't have projected
D) couldn't have resembled D) ought to have subjected
7. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır? 14. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) would have recalled A) would have bruised

B) must have enlarged B) can't have reasoned
C) oughtn't to have won C) could have populated
D) should have appreciated D) may have graduated
A) should have categorized A) ought to have spread

B) wouldn't have awaited B) shouldn't have run away with
C) ought to have exerted C) can't have come into
D) might have imported D) wouldn't have laboured
A) could have persecuted A) ought to have gone on
B) shouldn't have outraged B) may have heard
C) ought to have gone with C) would have startled
D) may not have painted D) should have drilled
17. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır? 20. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) shouldn't have researched A) would have magnified
B) may not have kissed B) must have experienced
C) wouldn't have baked C) ought to have overheard
D) can't have evicted D) should have breathed
1. Hangisi "unreal past" bildiren bir modaldır? 8. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) wouldn't have come from A) may not have coughed
B) may have contributed to B) shouldn't have sponsored
C) ought to have locked C) wouldn't have queried
D) should have departed D) oughtn't to have positioned
A) shouldn't have reproduced A) should have left

B) may not have defended B) would have appointed
C) oughtn't to have woken C) ought to have devised
D) would have expanded D) can't have stipulated
A) should have adopted A) oughtn't to have bankrupted

B) must have voyaged B) can't have equalled
C) ought to have informed C) must have examined
D) would have embarked on D) may have burst in
A) would have negotiated A) must have promoted

B) ought to have flourished B) may have fallen back on
C) may have wrapped C) couldn't have made
D) should have judged on D) ought to have regulated
A) could have cycled A) must have puzzled

B) shouldn't have begged B) would have fallen behind
C) ought to have witnessed C) oughtn't to have punished
D) might not have interpreted D) shouldn't have sacrificed
A) wouldn't have given in A) ought to have disqualified
B) shouldn't have got through B) might not have watched out for
C) can't have referred to C) may have accused
D) ought to have made sure D) would have stuck to
7. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır? 14. Hangisi "unreal past" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) may have pumped A) oughtn't to have annexed

B) can't have skied B) wouldn't have kept in mind
C) ought to have eradicated C) might have evicted
D) would have waved D) must have gone along with
A) must have subsidized A) oughtn't to have cheered up

B) might not have taken into account B) might have rescued
C) could have shut up C) shouldn't have rowed
D) should have eroded D) would have smelt
A) would have faced A) may not have come on
B) oughtn't to have coexisted B) must have crushed
C) should have aggravated C) should have rearranged
D) may have stuck to D) wouldn't have cost
A) must have congratulated A) can't have bent
B) wouldn't have boosted B) oughtn't to have observed
C) may have blackmailed C) wouldn't have violated
D) ought to have toped D) shouldn't have disregarded
A) should have thrived A) oughtn't to have disabled

B) would have termed B) wouldn't have disputed
C) ought to have stapled C) might have opened
D) mustn't have fooled D) should have outlasted
A) can't have watched out for A) shouldn't have drifted

B) would have flooded B) wouldn't have discouraged
C) ought to have petitioned C) ought to have begged
D) should have vaccinated D) mustn't have esteemed
20. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır? 28. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) couldn't have disappointed A) can't have stirred

B) would have woken B) wouldn't have imagined
C) might not have quit C) shouldn't have carried away
D) ought to have cared about D) may not have vanished
A) should have given away A) ought to have curtailed
B) can't have supplied B) might not have lost
C) would have chatted C) should have signed
D) must have steered D) wouldn't have shouted
A) mustn't have contradicted A) oughtn't to have watched out for
B) can't have discriminated B) might not have given rise to
C) ought to have rested C) should have guided
D) would have gone wrong D) would have judged
1: You can’t have seen her at London last night. 6: Those musicians play beautifully together. They
She was here with me all day. must have practiced a lot.
TR: TR:
2: She might have moved out, but she didn't want to 7: You ought to have spent your money more
leave my family. carefully, now you're broke!
TR: TR:
3: The recent progress in global health would have 8: The car doesn't start; we may have run out of
been impossible without the support of health petrol.
workers. TR:
TR:
9: He wouldn't have won the election without her

support.
TR:
4: You should have bought some milk at the shop.

We don’t have any milk.
TR:
10: She couldn't have written the book without her
friends help.
TR:
5: Before the discovery of penicillin, doctors couldn't

have treated patients properly.
TR:
1: We should have turned left at the crossroads. 7: I entered the museum through the wrong gate. I
TR: should have been more careful.
TR:
2: The man must have died because he has

stopped breathing.
TR:
8: Doctors ought to have detected the cancer 16

months before his eventual diagnosis.
TR:
3: A person with pneumonia in the 1950s might

have stayed in the hospital for several weeks.
TR:
9: A great flood may have destroyed China’s first

civilization.
TR:
4: You can't have done this homework because the

questions are too difficult for you.
TR:
10: With a little more forward planning, we could

have avoided these problems.
TR:
5: Without irrigation, the increases in yields and

output would not have been possible.
TR:
6: Without the support of the staff, we couldn't have

succeeded in the experiment.
TR:
1 gece tool night beautifully admit
2 teşvik survey stone encouragement try out

3 küresel possible carefully deserve global
4 karanlık marry occur gate dark
5 hastane better eventual night hospital
6 yurt dışında abroad region last weekend
7 bağımlılık yaratan establish mistake addictive hospital
8 hareket, akım movement art material electricity
9 destek week drug support patient
10 kurmak, belirlemek establish quite here civilization
11 uygarlık civilization worker better husband
12 ilerlemek son movement match progress
13 bölge survey region dark husband
14 hak etmek run out of deserve progress month
15 alet tool even quite buy
16 farklı recent musician win different
17 nihai gate ape recent eventual
18 ayrılmak, bırakmak leave yield drug even
19 tespit etmek write detect support night
20 yanlış wrong shop succeed possible
21 deney material experiment survey milk
22 araştırma avoid research movement match
23 kalmak stay night output marry
24 teşhis diagnosis musician modern beautifully
25 kabul etmek, içeri almak irrigation addictive play admit
26 verim yield a little impossible man
27 zatürre establish pneumonia ancestor even
28 ilaç, uyuşturucu mean detect drug abroad
29 meydana gelmek worker occur die planning
30 personel world hurt staff output
31 yazmak shop smoke write research
32 nefes alıp verme wrong homework breathing impossible
33 ham raw husband supporter great
34 sanat, beceri occur deserve practice art
35 taş, cevher, çekirdek use stone gate election
36 maç, kibrit, eş die match destroy irrigation
37 büyük kapı, uçağa biniş last gate access marry
kapısı
38 maymun write try out hospital ape
39 sınamak left miss try out practice
40 hasta leave sign patient science
destroy evacuate arid abroad common
ask civil commit raw quite
treat run out of start win forward
limited achieve carry out make accurate
1 ---- permission izin istemek
2 ---- war iç savaş
3 ---- crime suç işlemek
4 ---- material ham madde
5 ---- different oldukça farklı
6 ---- patient hastayı tedavi etmek
7 ---- petrol benzini bitmek
8 ---- the car arabayı çalıştırmak
9 ---- an election seçimi kazanmak
10 ---- civilization uygarlığı yok etmek
11 ---- planning ileriye dönük planlama
12 ---- building binayı boşaltmak
13 ---- region kurak bölge
14 study ---- yurt dışında okumak
15 ---- ancestor ortak ata
16 ---- access sınırlı erişim
17 ---- a goal bir hedefe ulaşmak
18 ---- research araştırmak yapmak
19 ---- discovery keşifte bulunmak
20 ---- diagnosis doğru teşhis
1 sign ---- ...nın işareti

2 ---- the dark karanlıkta
3 progress ---- ...daki ilerleme, gelişme
4 ---- support desteksiz
5 ---- the crossroads yol ayrımında
6 ---- the hospital hastanede
7 succeed ---- ...da başarılı olmak
8 access ---- …ya erişim
9 research ---- ...üzerine araştırma
10 difficult ---- ... için zor
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Perfect Modals ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Modal Revision
• Unit Words
• Time Recognition
• Modal Questions
drive (v): (araba) sürmek, harekete

Vocabulary
geçirmek
forbidden (adj): yasaklanmış
eat (v): yemek
give (v): vermek
illiterate (adj): cahil
young (adj): genç
jump (v): zıplamak
keep (v): tutmak, devam etmek
know (v): bilmek
nowadays (adv): bugünlerde
let (v): izin vermek
worse (adj): daha kötü
live (v): yaşamak
miss (v): kaçırmak, özlemek
enough (q): yeterli
today (adv): bugün
so (trans): bu yüzden
prevent (v): önlemek
bin (n): çöp kutusu
bus (n): otobüs
put (v): koymak
chocolate (n): çikolata
rain (v): yağmur yağmak
class (n): sınıf (okul), ders, sınıf (toplum)
read (v): okumak
cloud (n): bulut
shoot (v): ateş etmek, şut çekmek, fotoğraf
coffee (n): kahve çekmek
dinosaur (n): dinozor sneeze (v): hapşırmak
extinction (n): nesli tükenme start (v): başlamak, (iş) kurmak, (araç)
çalıştırmak
flood (n): sel, bolluk
sun (v): güneşlenmek
garbage (n): çöp, saçmalık
talk (v): konuşmak
garden (n): bahçe
tell (v): söylemek
geography (n): coğrafya
write (v): yazmak
level (n): seviye
packet (n): paket
dead (adj): ölü, bitmiş (pil vb.), uyuşmuş
project (n): proje
a lot (q): birçok
rain (n): yağmur
so much (phr): çok fazla
rubbish (n): çöp, saçmalık
sandbag (n): kum torbası (siperlik) kalmak
storm (n): fırtına because (conj, trans): ...dığı için, çünkü
test (n): test, test etme before (adv): daha önce
water (n): su afraid (adj): korkmuş
cough (v): öksürmek cold (adj): soğuk, ilgisiz
drink (v): içmek, içki içmek dangerous (adj): tehlikeli
important (adj): önemli stay (v): kalmak
really (adv): gerçekten think (v): düşünmek
tomorrow (adv, n): yarın walk (v): yürümek

apple (n): elma want (v): istemek, gerekmek
appointment (n): randevu, atama glasses (n): gözlük
bag (n): çanta, kocakarı broken (adj): kırık/bozuk

brother (n): erkek kardeş get in (pv): girmek
building (n): bina, inşa etme belong to (pv): ait olmak
cash (n): nakit get into (pv): seçilmek, ilgilenmek

concert (n): konser write down (pv): not almak
credit card (n): kredi kartı take along (pv): yanına almak
dentist (n): dişçi

Collocations
environment (n): çevre, ortam climatic change : iklim değişikliği
farmer (n): çiftçi fix leak : sızıntıyı düzeltmek
mark (n): leke, işaret, puan, seviye driving test : sürüş testi
meal (n): öğün pass test : testten geçmek
movie (n): film have a cold : üşütmek
street (n): cadde aim gun : silahı hedefe yöneltmek
thief (n): hırsız drink coffee : kahve içmek
ticket (n): bilet, para cezası rise rapidly : hızla yükselmek
weight (n): ağırlık sun may shine : güneş parlayabilir
window (n): pencere, vitrin, fırsat cross street : caddeden karşıya geçmek
winter (n): kış clean floor : zemini temizlemek
accept (v): kabul etmek enough room : yeterli yer/alan
come (v): gelmek look young : genç görünmek
construct (v): inşa etmek accept credit card : kredi kartı kabul
cross (v): karşıdan karşıya geçmek, etmek
kesişmek, melezlemek study hard : çok (ders) çalışmak
enjoy (v): hoşlanmak, keyfini sürmek top mark : en yüksek puan
find (v): bulmak get mark : puan almak
forget (v): unutmak phone number : telefon numarası
grow (v): büyümek play tennis : tenis oynamak
invite (v): davet etmek, davetiye çıkarmak get appointment : randevu almak
knock (v): vurmak, devirmek lose weight : kilo kaybetmek/kilo vermek
Prepositions
responsible for : ...dan sorumlu
lose (v): kaybetmek
in the roof : çatıda
say (v): söylemek
good for : ... için iyi
aim at : …yı hedef almak
along the river : nehir boyunca in an exam : bir sınavda
at the office : ofiste worried about : ...konusunda endişeli

invite to : …ya davet etmek in a hotel : bir otelde
room for : ... için yer, alan stay with : birlikte kalmak
Time Recognition > Introduction
1. Past olanı işaretleyiniz. 8. Past olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) are going to put off A) had better mistreat

B) might not have shown around B) might find
C) might know C) ought to tape
D) ought to drop behind D) ought to have brought about
2. Present olanı işaretleyiniz. 9. Past olanı işaretleyiniz.

A) had to set A) doesn't have to honour
B) didn't need to restore B) must swear
C) wouldn't have sacked C) should have enlisted
D) need to constitute D) can think of
3. Present olanı işaretleyiniz. 10. Present olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) used to recover A) used to applaud

B) may have baked B) must get along
C) can't commence C) shouldn't have subsidized
D) can't have disappointed D) wouldn't have passed away
4. Present olanı işaretleyiniz. 11. Future olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) were going to pass on A) may have reserved

B) may have creased B) are going to loosen
C) may suggest C) can't have weakened
D) used to bring forth D) wasn't going to elapse
A) didn't have to overlook A) shouldn't poke

B) was able to portray B) mustn't flip
C) should coexist C) used to incorporate
D) didn't use to colonize D) oughtn't to break away
A) should contact A) may not earth

B) needs to digest B) is going to love
C) would accumulate C) are unable to organize
D) isn't going to take in D) shouldn't have exploded

A) ought to have taken in A) can't have done without
B) are able to decide B) isn't going to cope with
C) may not malfunction C) might not drop by
D) don't need to get over D) mustn't die out
A) used to wash A) ought to have touched

B) may turn B) used to shoot
C) must have puzzled C) can't have celebrated
D) ought to have thrown up D) should rinse
A) may have finished A) would disdain

B) was going to shout B) would have acted
C) would present C) ought to have fried
D) must have glazed D) might not have wasted
A) had to foretell A) needs to tremble

B) would have concluded B) is able to close
C) can't have roared C) shouldn't fade away
D) ought to degenerate D) may not have depended on
Time Recognition > Homework
A) couldn't counterattack A) ought to go down

B) can't make use of B) can imprison
C) are able to burn C) should interpret
D) shouldn't remedy D) was unable to submerge
A) had better search for A) used to organize

B) can't have grown B) wouldn't blend
C) may have pasted C) couldn't have evicted
D) had to advise D) ought to have screamed

A) may not do without A) could have forbidden
B) shouldn't have bombarded B) may correct
C) was able to refuse C) used to staple
D) might have stood by D) can't have banned
A) is unable to imitate A) had better forge

B) oughtn't to do with B) should barter
C) may not think up C) wouldn't avert
D) couldn't persevere D) ought to emerge
A) could differ A) is unable to induce

B) has to belong to B) used to quarrel
C) oughtn't to set up C) should equip
D) may not iron D) must hike
A) didn't use to import A) ought to panic

B) ought to have ratified B) could have imposed
C) ought to venture C) must have bewildered
D) needed to aim at D) used to anticipate
A) can ascend A) used to come together

B) didn't use to annoy B) could have imprisoned
C) couldn't have apologized C) had better not head for
D) shouldn't have coined D) may have stepped up
A) had to constrict A) ought to corrupt
B) used to disqualify B) didn't use to take advantage of
C) was going to improve C) had better relieve
D) may suspend D) is unable to translate
A) can't have enlisted A) must focus on

B) ought to dismantle B) might associate
C) might have fertilized C) ought to lessen
D) could have interpreted D) was going to text
A) can't have backed up A) might exempt

B) ought to support B) couldn't assimilate
C) needs to prosper C) aren't going to settle down
D) has to crease D) are unable to bind
18. Past olanı işaretleyiniz. 26. Present olanı işaretleyiniz.
A) is able to replace A) may save

B) may not defeat B) couldn't have got out
C) aren't going to stretch C) had to bear
D) needed to display D) mustn't have inflicted

A) couldn't have diminished A) had to dig out
B) can't have petitioned B) had better air
C) oughtn't to have tortured C) shouldn't have consisted of
D) had better lay D) may have lit
A) can't have shrunk A) can't have accounted for

B) mustn't recycle B) used to allege
C) has to dwell C) may excite
D) oughtn't to pass D) wasn't going to occupy
A) ought to germinate A) wouldn't have run across

B) might vanish B) can keep abreast of
C) would let down C) was able to enrol
D) had better exploit D) could have sneezed
A) weren't going to end up A) needed to deploy

B) may not run off with B) can't have linked
C) don't have to rinse C) would decorate
D) had better not scatter D) used to look for
A) don't need to disguise A) should heal

B) must have rumoured B) may roar
C) had to mistake C) ought to attribute
D) might not have mistreated D) could have lectured

A) may not tickle A) are unable to arm
B) can't free B) were able to pull through
C) might not have come in C) didn't have to threaten
D) doesn't need to spill D) ought to have contaminated

A) can't have worsened A) ought to monitor
B) may have grasped B) would correspond
C) mustn't purchase C) might irritate
D) didn't have to put forward D) can oblige
A) need to fade away A) was going to add

B) shouldn't have wondered B) can't have got along
C) should turn off C) ought to purchase
D) must stand by D) couldn't have gone on
A) should forecast A) should have wrecked

B) can't have deprived B) shouldn't discriminate
C) might have divorced C) has to put forth
D) may have ached D) need to misuse
1. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır? 8. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) couldn't walk away with A) can warm
B) may not constitute B) is able to meet
C) used to suppress C) used to shout
D) must run away with D) should spell
2. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır? 9. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) may have resembled A) used to deposit
B) could have armed B) could exhaust
C) should have tried C) was going to move on
D) wouldn't have overestimated D) doesn't have to rear
A) may have run A) should have brought forward

B) wouldn't have deduced B) would have eliminated
C) should have broadcasted C) must have grouped
D) oughtn't to have focused D) ought to have dated back
4. Hangisi "will'in past hali" olan bir modaldır? 11. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) wouldn't plot A) may witness

B) can't shorten B) are able to drink
C) mustn't master C) don't have to manufacture
D) are able to hike D) must shoot
5. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır? 12. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) can't have likened A) would dedicate

B) should have reported B) are going to mind
C) wouldn't have financed C) might eat away
D) ought to have looked back on D) should conclude
6. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır? 13. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) might camp A) couldn't have faded out
B) would flow B) may have dragged
C) can shut C) would have swept
D) must brief D) can't have cared for
7. Hangisi "past alışkanlık bildiren bir 14. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
modaldır?
A) must develop
A) couldn't rub B) is unable to persist
B) was able to check in C) might announce
C) may not reason D) ought to persevere
D) used to balance
15. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır? 18. Hangisi "past alışkanlık bildiren bir
modaldır?
A) might not have shipped
B) would have challenged A) would nap
C) oughtn't to have changed B) should lick
D) should have ruled against C) is going to tackle
D) used to keep on
16. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır?

A) might have kept down
B) shouldn't have rushed A) might check
C) can't have moved off B) is going to orbit
D) may not have broadened C) mustn't earth
D) could consent

20. Hangisi "unreal present" bildiren bir
A) can live on modaldır?
B) could omit
A) used to get around
C) aren't going to stretch
B) is able to contest
D) had better not depress
C) had to unlock
D) wouldn't occur
1. Hangisi "past alışkanlık bildiren bir 8. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır?
modaldır?
A) should sound
A) are going to pronounce B) may not look down
B) used to face C) isn't going to mistrust
C) had better boil D) are able to filter
D) were able to fluctuate

A) used to look down
A) might flash B) may not glaze
B) is able to clean up C) has to shatter
C) may detect D) isn't going to destruct
D) would wet

A) couldn't put up with
A) didn't have to boost B) aren't going to provoke
B) is able to listen C) had better deepen
C) used to compete D) wouldn't wound
D) ought to launch
11. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır?

A) might not have concentrated
A) may not have travelled B) would have cleansed
B) wouldn't have deactivated C) ought to have lost
C) shouldn't have diverted D) may have committed
D) ought to have dumped

A) need to slow
A) had better sabotage B) used to whiten
B) may not attempt C) had better ascend
C) is going to embark on D) might matter
D) are able to disable

A) couldn't have secreted
A) can't have mistrusted B) should have filled out
B) must have enacted C) might have charged
C) would have erected D) can't have recognized
D) couldn't have carved

A) ought to hurry up
A) can't have tried B) must excuse
B) oughtn't to have approached C) might label
C) should have aimed at D) didn't use to reform
D) wouldn't have flown
A) mustn't have acclaimed A) may trap

B) oughtn't to have memorized B) should bring together
C) could have stayed up C) had better perspire
D) would have held on D) must arm
16. Hangisi "yetenek" bildiren bir modaldır? 23. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) couldn't have aired A) may run out of
B) might have noticed B) is unable to disturb
C) may have feared C) is going to flourish
D) can't have vacated D) had better duplicate
A) oughtn't to update A) ought to have tempted
B) might date back to B) wouldn't have cleared away
C) used to unearth C) should have marched
D) is able to report D) might not have boosted
A) don't need to fix A) could apologize

B) wouldn't give birth to B) is going to dictate
C) could separate C) ought to review
D) ought to enclose D) doesn't have to reform
A) should have visualized A) ought to have illuminated

B) wouldn't have reminded B) wouldn't have recorded
C) can't have rebelled C) shouldn't have tasted
D) mustn't have coined D) mustn't have jeopardized
A) might not admire A) ought to have aimed at

B) could itch B) can't have checked up
C) oughtn't to abide by C) would have controlled
D) had better not stream D) shouldn't have devastated
21. Hangisi "unreal present" bildiren bir 28. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır?
modaldır?
A) ought to heal
A) was going to cultivate B) don't need to adhere
B) didn't use to prosecute C) would revolve
C) had better not invite D) may group
D) would pass on

A) would vacate
B) is able to call off
C) doesn't need to rent
D) are going to shake
A) don't have to calm down A) could pervade

B) is able to look out for B) must tutor
C) might not evaporate C) had better fire
D) isn't going to hand out D) used to stir up
31. Hangisi "ihtimal" bildiren bir modaldır? 37. Hangisi "zorunluluk" bildiren bir modaldır?
A) oughtn't to have underlined A) might astonish

B) may not have guaranteed B) could come apart
C) shouldn't have risked C) aren't going to make out
D) wouldn't have turned up D) must crop
A) may have looked after A) mustn't wave

B) wouldn't have counted on B) may summarize
C) ought to have prepared C) had better not afford
D) should have simplified D) had to sprinkle
33. Hangisi "azarlama" bildiren bir modaldır? 39. Hangisi "past alışkanlık bildiren bir
modaldır?
A) can't have greeted
B) shouldn't have lost A) didn't use to show off
C) might have handed over B) had better open
D) would have permitted C) might export
D) may fragment

A) can dare
B) have to discuss A) were able to exaggerate
C) had better calm B) may equip
D) would thank C) needed to correct
D) should cut out
A) used to find out

B) had to assault
C) would faint
D) might vacate
1. "wouldn't ask for" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "could pierce" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) arayamaz A) delebiliyordu
B) arayamıyordu B) delerdi
C) aramazdı C) delmeli
2. "should have stopped" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "could meet" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) durdurmalıydı A) buluşabilir
B) durdurmuş olmalı B) bulaşmalı
C) durdurmuş olabilir C) bulaşacak
3. "would have divorced" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "must have impacted" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) boşanabilirdi A) etkilemiş olmalı
B) boşanmış olabilir B) etkilemiş olabilir
C) boşanmış olurdu C) etkilemeliydi
4. "may have blended" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "may not check" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) karıştırmış olabilir A) kontrol etmeyebilir
B) karıştırmalıydı B) kontrol etmek zorunda değil
C) karıştırmış olabilir C) kontrol etmemeli
5. "are unable to emit" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "might fight off" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yayamıyordu A) mücadele etse iyi olur

B) yaymamalı B) mücadele edecek
C) yayamaz C) mücadele edebilir
6. "can't have stayed" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "could ask for" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kalmış olamaz A) arayabiliyordu

B) kalmamış olurdu B) arardı
C) kalamazdı C) aramak zorunda
7. "would charge" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "aren't going to confuse" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ücretlendirecekti A) kafasını karıştırmayacak
B) ücretlendirmek zorunda B) kafasını karıştırmasa iyi olur
C) ücretlendirmeli C) kafasını karıştırmamalı
8. "are going to lay off" çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "might have checked up" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) işten çıkarsa iyi olur A) kontrol etmiş olabilir
B) işten çıkaracak B) kontrol etmiş olurdu
C) işten çıkarmalı C) kontrol etmiş olmalı
9. "could have held" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "ought to smell" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tutmuş olabilir A) kokacak

B) tutmalıydı B) kokmalı
C) tutabilirdi C) kokabilir
19. "would lessen" çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "had better aim at" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) azaltırdı A) hedeflemek zorunda

B) azaltsa iyi olur B) hedeflese iyi olur
C) azaltacak C) hedeflemeli
1. "might rebel" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "could have grown up" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) isyan etmek zorunda A) büyüyebilirdi

B) isyan edebilir B) büyümüş olmalı
C) isyan edecek C) büyümüş olabilir
2. "can't have honoured" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "ought to have folded" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) saygı göstermemiş olurdu A) katlamalıydı

B) saygı göstermiş olamaz B) katlamış olmalı
C) saygı göstermemiş olabilir C) katlayabilirdi
3. "is going to give birth" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "can't have found" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) doğum yapacaktı A) bulmamalıydı
B) doğum yapabilir B) bulamazdı
C) doğum yapacak C) bulmuş olamaz
4. "is able to study" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "had better wreck" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) çalışacak A) enkaza çevirse iyi olur
B) çalışabilir B) enkaza çevirse iyi olur
C) çalışmalı C) enkaza çevirmeli
5. "mustn't rest upon" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "could play" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bağlı olmak zorunda değildi A) oynayacak

B) bağlı olmayabilir B) oynayabilir
C) bağlı olmamalı C) oynamalı
6. "ought to suffocate" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "had to fear" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) boğabilir A) korkabilir
B) boğmak zorunda B) korksa iyi olur
C) boğmalı C) korkmak zorundaydı
7. "could lead" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "may have awarded" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) öncülük etse iyi olur A) ödüllendirmeliydi
B) öncülük edebilir B) ödüllendirebilirdi
C) öncülük etmek zorunda C) ödüllendirmiş olabilir
8. "couldn't have won" çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "didn't use to matter" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) kazanmamış olabilir A) önemsemeyecek

B) kazanmış olamaz B) önemsemezdi
C) kazanamazdı C) önemsemeyebilir
9. "shouldn't have taken" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "wouldn't have made" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) alamazdı A) yapmış olamaz

B) almamalıydı B) yapmamış olmalı
C) almış olamaz C) yapmamış olurdu
19. "aren't going to endorse" çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "oughtn't to sign" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) onaylamamalı A) imzalamak zorunda değil
B) onaylamak zorunda değil B) imzalamamalı
C) onaylamayacak C) imzalamasa iyi olur
20. "needed to occur" çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "could have chosen" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) meydana gelebilir A) seçmeliydi

B) meydana gelecekti B) seçebilirdi
C) meydana gelmek zorundaydı C) seçmiş olabilir
21. "shouldn't have hurt" çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "need to strike" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) incitemezdi A) vurmak zorunda

B) incitmemeliydi B) vurmalı
C) incitmiş olamaz C) vursa iyi olur
22. "might not have repaired" çevirisi 31. "would claim" çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) iddia edebilir
A) tamir edemezdi B) iddia edecek
B) tamir etmemiş olmalı C) iddia ederdi
C) tamir etmemiş olabilir
32. "was going to estimate" çevirisi hangisidir?

23. "may sting" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tahmin edebilir
A) sokacak B) tahmin ederdi
B) sokabilir C) tahmin edecekti
C) sokmalı
33. "may not have dreamt" çevirisi hangisidir?

24. "might have touched" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) hayal edemezdi
A) dokunabilirdi B) hayal etmemeliydi
B) dokunmuş olmalı C) hayal etmemiş olabilir
C) dokunmuş olabilir
34. "couldn't have gone down" çevirisi

25. "wouldn't have amazed" çevirisi hangisidir? hangisidir?
A) şaşırmamış olurdu A) düşemezdi
B) şaşırmış olamaz B) düşmüş olamaz
C) şaşırmamış olmalı C) düşmeyecekti
26. "should prepare" çevirisi hangisidir? 35. "are unable to kid" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) hazırlasa iyi olur A) şaka yapmayacak

B) hazırlamak zorunda B) şaka yapamaz
C) hazırlamalı C) şaka yapmamalı
27. "may warn" çevirisi hangisidir? 36. "oughtn't to play up" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) uyarmak zorunda A) abartmak zorunda değil

B) uyarabilir B) abartmamalı
C) uyarsa iyi olur C) abartmasa iyi olur
37. "should liken" çevirisi hangisidir? 39. "ought to have blocked" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) benzetebilir A) engelleyebilirdi
B) benzetecek B) engellemeliydi
C) benzetmeli C) engellemiş olmalı
38. "had better examine" çevirisi hangisidir? 40. "may exert" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) incelemeli A) uğraşmak zorunda

B) incelemek zorunda B) uğraşabilir
C) incelese iyi olur C) uğraşmalı
1. "ilgili olacaktı" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "denetlemeli" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) are going to relate A) would oversee

B) needed to relate B) ought to oversee
C) would relate C) is able to oversee
2. "bağlayamıyordu" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "ortaya çıkmış olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) doesn't have to tie A) must have emerged
B) couldn't tie B) ought to have emerged
C) won't have to tie C) may have emerged
3. "savunmuş olurdu" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "tahmin etmeliydi" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) would have advocated A) must have estimated

B) may have advocated B) may have estimated
C) might have advocated C) ought to have estimated
4. "kesmeyecekti" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "koşardı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) might not cut A) is able to run

B) wouldn't cut B) ought to run
C) aren’t going to cut C) would run
5. "uyarabiliyordu" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "anlamak zorunda" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) was able to warn A) has to understand
B) must warn B) ought to understand
C) had to warn C) must understand
6. "genişletmemeli" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "yasaklamamalı" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) didn't use to expand A) Was unable to forbid
B) oughtn't to expand B) can’t forbid
C) is unable to expand C) shouldn't forbid
7. "benzeyebilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "kalabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) will need to take after A) need to stay

B) have to take after B) would stay
C) is able to take after C) could stay
8. "çalkalayamazdı" çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "itaat edebilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) may not have shaken A) should comply

B) couldn't have shaken B) may comply
C) can't have shaken C) have to comply
9. "güncellememiş olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "denemek zorunda" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) can't have updated A) has to test
B) oughtn't to have updated B) can test
C) might not have updated C) had better test
19. "kiralamış olamaz" çevirisi hangisidir? 20. "takip etmemiş olmalı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) may not have hired A) ought not to have followed

B) can't have hired B) mustn't have followed
C) might not have hired C) wouldn't have followed
1. "ayırırdı" çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "koşamaz" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) have to allocate A) had better not run

B) need to allocate B) is unable to run
C) would allocate C) wouldn't run
2. "ölçmek zorunda" çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "telafi edecekti" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) needs to measure A) were able to compensate
B) ought to measure B) might compensate
C) must measure C) were going to compensate
3. "getirebiliyordu" çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "yemin etmemiş olurdu" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) had better bring A) wouldn't have sworn
B) will have to bring B) might not have sworn
C) could bring C) can't have sworn
4. "uyurdu" çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "prova yapmalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) need to nap A) must have rehearsed

B) used to nap B) ought to have rehearsed
C) is able to nap C) could have rehearsed
5. "kontrol etmiş olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "çabalamalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) must have checked up A) would have endeavoured

B) may have checked up B) should have endeavoured
C) should have checked up C) may have endeavoured
6. "kızartmalı" çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "kurtarabilirdi" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) should fry A) should have rescued
B) had to fry B) may have rescued
C) will need to fry C) could have rescued
7. "test etmeyecekti" çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "kafa yorabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) is not going to test A) should contemplate

B) doesn’t have to test B) can contemplate
C) wouldn't test C) was able to contemplate
8. "başlamayabilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "iletişim kuramıyordu" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) didn't need to commence A) won't need to communicate

B) is not going to commence B) aren't able to communicate
C) couldn't commence C) couldn't communicate
9. "belirleyebilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "ürün verirdi" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) had to determine A) ought to yield

B) needs to determine B) would yield
C) might determine C) had better yield
19. "anlayabilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "tasvir etmezdi" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) could understand A) didn't use to depict

B) is going to understand B) won’t have to depict
C) needs to understand C) oughtn’t to depict
20. "kıramaz" çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "yas tutmamış olurdu" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) might not break A) oughtn't to have mourned

B) can't break B) couldn't have mourned
C) didn't use to break C) wouldn't have mourned
21. "tutmuş olmalı" çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "dengelemiş olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) must have kept A) might have balanced

B) would have kept B) should have balanced
C) could have kept C) must have balanced
22. "görmemiş olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "yakabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?

A) mustn't have seen A) have to burn
B) oughtn't to have seen B) would burn
C) may not have seen C) might burn
23. "çalışabiliyordu" çevirisi hangisidir? 32. "başvurmalıydı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) should work A) must have applied

B) were able to work B) ought to have applied
C) would work C) may have applied
24. "desteklemezdi" çevirisi hangisidir? 33. "değerlendirmeyecekti" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) won’t have to support A) can't evaluate

B) didn't use to support B) weren't going to evaluate
C) Is unable to support C) didn't use to evaluate
25. "beklememeli" çevirisi hangisidir? 34. "koyabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) oughtn't to wait A) needed to put

B) couldn’t to wait B) used to put
C) might not to wait C) could put
26. "aklında tutmuş olabilir" çevirisi hangisidir? 35. "çevirmemeliydi" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) might have kept in mind A) oughtn't to have translated
B) should have kept in mind B) wouldn't have translated
C) must have kept in mind C) couldn't have translated
27. "çağırabiliyordu" çevirisi hangisidir? 36. "cezalandırmış olmalı" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) were able to call A) may have punished

B) can call B) must have punished
C) may call C) ought to have punished
37. "harekete geçirmemeliydi" çevirisi 39. "bombalamış olurdu" çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) would have bombarded
A) oughtn't to have mobilized B) ought to have bombarded
B) mustn't have mobilized C) should have bombarded
C) wouldn't have mobilized
40. "silemezdi" çevirisi hangisidir?

38. "azaltabilir" çevirisi hangisidir?
A) couldn't have erased
A) were going to dwindle B) may not have erased
B) can dwindle C) can't have erased
C) need to dwindle
Modal Questions > Introduction
1. Global climatic changes ---- responsible for 7. You ---- during tests. It’s forbidden!
the extinction of the dinosaurs.
A) don't need to talk B) wouldn't talk
A) would have been B) may have been C) may not talk D) mustn't talk
C) should have been D) will have been
Translation:
Translation:
8. You ---- so much chocolate. It’s not good for

you.
2. We ---- the leak in the roof before the storm A) don’t have to eat B) shouldn’t eat
made it worse. C) couldn’t eat D) may not eat
A) need to fix B) might have fixed Translation:
C) should have fixed D) are able to fix
Translation:
9. I didn't know you needed help. You ---- me.
A) are to tell B) are going to tell

3. Luke has passed his driving test, now he ---- C) might have told D) should have told
a car. Translation:
A) could drive B) can drive
C) would drive D) used to drive
10. They ---- up early today, because it’s Sunday.
Translation:
A) ought not to get B) don't use to get
C) couldn't get D) don’t have to get
4. People ---- as much garbage as we do Translation:

nowadays.
A) didn't need to B) didn't use to
produce produce 11. There’s rubbish all over my garden! A cat ----
C) are able to D) shouldn't have in the bin.
produce produced
A) would be B) was going to be
Translation: C) must have been D) could have been
Translation:
5. Yesterday she ---- my geography project.
A) may finish B) used to finish

C) needs to finish D) had to finish 12. Why didn’t you tell me? I ---- you!
Translation: A) would have helped B) should have helped

C) might have helped D) could have helped
Translation:
6. Mikaela kept coughing and sneezing, so she
---- a cold.
A) must have had B) may have 13. My dog ---- very high when he was younger.
C) can't have had D) should have A) could jump B) should jump
Translation: C) had better jump D) would jump
Translation:
14. Paul's class starts at 8:30. It's 8:45 and he's 17. David ---- a lot of coffee. He’s finished two
not here yet. He ---- the bus. packets already this week!
A) would miss B) might have missed A) mustn't drink B) might not have drunk
C) must miss D) should have missed C) wouldn't drink D) didn't use to drink
15. Tandey aimed his gun at the man, but ---- 18. The water level is rising rapidly! We ----
him and let him live. sandbags along the river to prevent a flood.
A) was unable to shoot B) couldn't have shot A) don't need to put B) should have put
C) mustn't have shot D) wouldn't have shot C) were going to put D) must put
16. My plants are dead. I ---- them enough water.

19. Illiterate people ---- and write.
A) can't have given B) oughtn't to have
given A) don't need to read B) can't read
C) didn't need to D) wouldn't have given C) are able to read D) had better read
give
Translation:
Translation:
20. It ---- raining. The sun is shining and there

are no rain clouds.
A) can't be B) couldn't be
C) doesn't be D) might not be
Translation:
Modal Questions > Homework
1. You ---- the street without looking. It's 7. The window was broken, so the thieves ----
dangerous. in through that window.
A) don't have to cross B) should have crossed A) would have got B) must have got
C) mustn't cross D) can't have crossed C) are able to get D) need to get
2. I ---- the floor because my cats had knocked

over the flower pots. 8. We ---- so many people to our party! We
won't have enough room for everyone.
A) would clean B) could clean
A) oughtn't to have invited B) had better invite
C) must have cleaned D) had to clean
C) mustn't have invited D) are able to invite
Translation:
Translation:
3. Jim ---- me because he walked past without

saying 'Hello'. 9. You ---- 50! You look young.
A) shouldn't have B) might not have A) shouldn't be B) are unable to be
seen seen
C) can’t be D) wouldn't be
C) couldn't see D) didn't use to see
Translation:
Translation:
10. UK farmers ---- a lot of apples, but now they

don't.
4. We really enjoyed the movie. You ---- with us. A) used to grow B) must grow
A) would come B) could have come C) may grow D) will grow
C) should have come D) need to come Translation:
Translation:
11. You ---- along some cash. The restaurant

5. We ---- into the concert without tickets, so may not accept credit cards.
we went home.
A) had better take B) would take
A) cannot get B) could not get C) had to take D) used to take
C) was not going to get D) may not get
Translation:
Translation:
12. Winters in Minnesota ---- really cold.

6. Sarah ---- her glasses. She thought she must
have left them at her office. A) would be B) have to be
A) shouldn't have B) might not have C) can be D) need to be
found found Translation:
C) wouldn't find D) couldn’t find
Translation:
13. Before those buildings were constructed, we 17. Janette ---- worried about the environment,
---- the park from here! but she is now.
A) should see B) are able to see A) wouldn't have been B) couldn't be
C) could see D) may see C) didn't use to be D) wasn't going to be
18. We ---- in a hotel in London, we can stay with

14. Alex ---- very hard, because she got top
my brother.
marks in all the exams.
A) ought not to stay B) can't stay
A) was going to study B) should have studied
C) don’t have to stay D) may not have stayed
C) is able to study D) must have studied
Translation:
Translation:
19. You ---- between meals if you want to lose

15. You've forgotten an important phone weight.
number. You ---- it down.
A) ought not to eat B) are not able to eat
A) could write B) must have written
C) may not have D) were not going to
C) will have to write D) should have written eaten eat
16. I’m afraid I ---- tennis tomorrow. I’ve got a 20. Whose is this bag? - I don’t know, but it ----
dentist appointment. to Sara.
A) can’t play B) wouldn't play A) would belong B) should belong

C) couldn’t play D) shouldn’t play C) has to belong D) may belong
1 yanına almak pass take along sneeze drive
2 cahil illiterate sandbag meal miss

3 inşa etmek cash drink construct already
4 çöp kutusu read today window bin
5 nakit cash coffee geography live
6 üretmek, neden olmak cough start produce environment
7 çöp, saçmalık drive weight help rubbish
ölü, bitmiş (pil vb.),
8 project dead finish building
uyuşmuş
9 vurmak, devirmek garbage sun look knock
10 kış bus window movie winter
11 öğün meal test level nowadays
12 öksürmek forget appointment cough cross
13 kaçırmak, özlemek ticket miss global rubbish
14 bitki, santral plant let glasses say
15 bilet, para cezası start dangerous forget ticket
16 sel, bolluk think flood forget accept
17 unutmak forget miss read brother
hoşlanmak, keyfini
18 need enjoy produce street
sürmek
kalkmak (yataktan),
19 get up young global winter
ayağa kalmak
20 hapşırmak get up want stay sneeze
21 çöp, saçmalık write down afraid building garbage
22 nesli tükenme put shoot extinction dinosaur
23 bina, inşa etme already building plant prevent
24 istemek, gerekmek grow help level want
25 zıplamak apple garden jump put
26 randevu, atama sandbag appointment plant environment
27 korkmuş sneeze afraid project extinction
28 ait olmak global belong to drink talk
29 bulut let packet cloud level
30 çevre, ortam yesterday stay farmer environment
hard get play broken calm
invite clean fresh pay enjoy
lose pollute lead to destroy get
fix driving aim rapidly cross
1 ---- leak sızıntıyı düzeltmek
2 ---- test sürüş testi
3 ---- gun silahı hedefe yöneltmek
4 rise ---- hızla yükselmek
5 ---- street caddeden karşıya geçmek
6 study ---- çok (ders) çalışmak
7 ---- mark puan almak
8 ---- tennis tenis oynamak
9 ---- appointment randevu almak
10 ---- weight kilo kaybetmek/kilo vermek
11 ---- extinction yok olmaya yol açmak
12 ---- building binayı yıkmak
13 ---- environment çevreyi kirletmek
14 ---- bone kırık kemik
15 stay ---- sakin kalmak
16 ---- guest misafir davet etmek
17 ---- time hoş vakit geçirmek
18 ---- floor zemini temizlemek
19 ---- water tatlı su
20 ---- cash nakit ödemek
1 responsible ---- ...dan sorumlu

2 ---- the roof çatıda
3 aim ---- …yı hedef almak
4 ---- the river nehir boyunca
5 ---- the office ofiste
6 invite ---- …ya davet etmek
7 room ---- ... için yer, alan
8 ---- an exam bir sınavda
9 worried ---- ...konusunda endişeli
10 ---- a hotel bir otelde
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Modal Revision ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Passive Voice
• Unit Words
• Active & Passive Tenses
• Active & Passive Modals
• Passive Recognition 1
• Passive Recognition 2
• Passive Exercise
• List of Stative Passive
• Passive Questions
suspect (adj, n): şüpheli

Vocabulary
scientific (adj): bilimsel university (n): üniversite
approximately (adv): yaklaşık olarak weapon (n): silah
book (n): kitap week (n): hafta
cattle (n): sığır world (n): dünya
city (n): şehir discover (v): keşfetmek
decade (n): on yıl exhaust (v): tüketmek, yormak
exam (n): sınav explode (v): patlamak
farm (n): çiftlik question (v): sorgulamak
farmer (n): çiftçi send (v): göndermek
metro (n): metro write (v): yazmak
paper (n): kâğıt, gazete, belge, makale journey (n): yolculuk
publisher (n): yayıncı tomorrow (adv, n): yarın
research (n): araştırma committee (n): komite
teacher (n): öğretmen factory (n): fabrika
terrorist (n): terörist government (n): hükûmet
attack (v): saldırmak, eleştirmek precaution (n): önlem
overtake (v): sollamak team (n): takım
prepare (v): hazırlamak victory (n): zafer
raise (v): yükseltmek, yetiştirmek (çocuk celebrate (v): kutlamak

vs), ortaya atmak solve (v): çözmek
read (v): okumak take (v): almak, (süre) almak
use (v): kullanmak set up (pv): kurmak, ayarlamak, oyuna
last (adj): son, geçen getirmek
every day (adv): her gün experimental (adj): deneysel
large (adj): büyük hot (adj): sıcak, acı
long (adj): uzun local (adj): yerel
nuclear (adj): nükleer new (adj): yeni
first (adj, adv): ilk plentiful (adj): bol
board (n): tahta, kurul public (adj): kamu
children (n): çocuklar serious (adj): ciddi
example (n): örnek next (adj): sonraki
history (n): tarih, geçmiş ago (adv): önce
hour (n): saat already (adv): çoktan
letter (n): mektup, harf easily (adv): kolay bir şekilde
police (n): polis (teşkilatı) especially (adv): özellikle
researcher (n): araştırmacı percent (adj, adv): yüzde
secretary (n): sekreter, bakan before (conj, prep): ...dan önce
every (q): her attempt (v): teşebbüs etmek
area (n): bölge, yüz ölçümü build (v): inşa etmek

century (n): yüzyıl carry (v): taşımak
coal (n): kömür develop (v): gelişmek, ortaya çıkmak

computer (n): bilgisayar dream (v): rüya görmek, hayal kurmak
country (n): ülke, taşra find (v): bulmak
death (n): ölüm follow (v): takip etmek, anlamak
desert (n): çöl introduce (v): tanıştırmak, ortaya koymak

diabetes (n): şeker hastalığı invent (v): icat etmek, uydurmak
effort (n): çaba monitor (v): gözlemlemek
exposure (n): maruz kalma, açığa prevent (v): önlemek

çıkarma, poz (fotoğrafçılıkta)
prohibit (v): yasaklamak
gang (n): çete
rule (v): yönetmek, hüküm vermek
glacier (n): buzul
globe (n): dünya, küre
transport (v): taşımak
HIV (abbr): "human immunodeficiency
virus" kısaltması visit (v): ziyaret etmek
hill (n): tepe walk (v): yürümek
honeybee (n): balarısı plant (n): bitki, santral
lake (n): göl manned (adj): insanlı
leader (n): lider thousands of (q): binlerce
loss (n): kayıp, zarar a number of (q): çok sayıda ...
man (n): adam, insanoğlu throw away (pv): atmak, heba etmek
medication (n): ilaç tedavisi cut down (pv): azaltmak, kesmek (ağaç)
minister (n): bakan, papaz be made up of (pv): ...dan oluşmak
north (adj, n): kuzey excess (adj): aşırı
pesticide (n): haşere ilacı foreseeable (adj): öngörülebilir
pyramid (n): piramit genetic (adj): genetik
rainforest (n): yağmur ormanı good (adj): iyi
region (n): bölge infectious (adj): bulaşıcı
skeleton (n): iskelet solar (adj): güneş kaynaklı
smoking (n): sigara içme tiny (adj): küçücük
snake (n): yılan worth (adj): ... değerinde
space (n): alan, uzay young (adj): genç
story (n): hikaye, haber almost (adv): neredeyse
street (n): cadde completely (adv): tamamen
sunshine (n): gün ışığı geologically (adv): yerbilimsel olarak
television (n): televizyon mostly (adv): çoğunlukla
treatment (n): tedavi, muamele roughly (adv): kabaca, zorla
type (n): tür widely (adv): yaygın olarak
enough (q): yeterli allow (v): izin vermek, olanak sağlamak
accident (n): kaza, tesadüf ban (v): yasaklamak
Arctic (n): Kuzey Kutup Bölgesi cover (v): kaplamak

astronomer (n): gök bilimci damage (v): hasar vermek
bone (n): kemik deforest (v): ağaçları kesmek
bridge (n): köprü, briç diminish (v): azalmak

calendar (n): takvim drink (v): içmek, içki içmek
car (n): araba, vagon estimate (v): tahmin etmek
coffee (n): kahve finish (v): bitirmek
diesel (n): mazot form (v): oluşmak, şekil vermek

disease (n): hastalık influence (v): etkilemek
fossil (n): fosil, eski kafalı inhale (v): soluk almak, çok hızlı yemek
holiday (n): tatil misinterpret (v): yanlış yorumlamak
ice (n): buz pass (v): geçmek, uzatmak, pas vermek
illness (n): hastalık protect (v): korumak

importance (n): önem recognize (v): tanımak, takdir etmek
infection (n): enfeksiyon remove (v): ortadan kaldırmak

line (n): çizgi, hat (telefon), sıra, ip, satır spread (v): yayılmak
(yazı)
test (v): denemek, muayene etmek
lung (n): akciğer
think (v): düşünmek
ocean (n): okyanus
at the same time (adv): aynı zamanda
person (n): kişi
at least (adv): en azından
petrol (n): benzin
groundwater (n): yer altı suyu
planet (n): gezegen
poisoning (n): zehirlenme
guilty (adj): suçlu
population (n): nüfus
impossible (adj): imkânsız
protocol (n): kurallar bütünü, anlaşma
tutanağı missing (adj): kayıp
rest (n): dinlenme, geri kalanı old (adj): yaşlı, eski
risk (n): risk at all (adv): hiç
sale (n): satış, indirim far (adv): uzak, çok daha
submarine (n): denizaltı immediately (adv): derhal, hemen

(yakınında)
sunlight (n): güneş ışığı
surgery (n): ameliyat, muayenehane
satisfactorily (adv): tatmin edici bir şekilde
symptom (n): belirti
soon (adv): birazdan
army (n): ordu
toxin (n): toksin
valley (n): vadi
castle (n): kale
winter (n): kış
collection (n): koleksiyon, toplama
adopt (v): evlat edinmek, benimsemek
company (n): şirket, eşlik submit (v): sunmak, boyun eğmek
council (n): konsey swim (v): yüzmek
crime (n): suç broken (adj): kırık/bozuk
drive (n): sürüş, özel araç yolu, sürücü these days (adv): bugünlerde
(bilgisayar), çaba
fall down (pv): azalmak, düşmek,
flat (n): apartman dairesi başarısız olmak
flight (n): uçuş close down (pv): kepenk indirmek
forest (n): orman pull down (pv): yıkmak
goal (n): hedef, gol Mongol (n): Moğol
home (n): ev, yurt adult (adj, n): yetişkin

invoice (n): fatura dangerous (adj): tehlikeli
lunchtime (n): öğle yemeği vakti dirty (adj): kirli, alçak, açık saçık
mission (n): görev disappointed (adj): hayal kırıklığına

uğramış
money (n): para
fresh (adj): yeni, taze, hoş kokan, sağlıklı
month (n): ay (cilt)
night (n): gece frozen (adj): donmuş
passport (n): pasaport privileged (adj): ayrıcalıklı
river (n): nehir right (adj): doğru, sağ, uygun
sacrifice (n): fedakarlık, kurban unlikely (adj): mümkün olmayan
search (n): arama valuable (adj): değerli
tank (n): depo wet (adj): ıslak, yağmurlu
window (n): pencere, vitrin, fırsat badly (adv): kötü bir şekilde
hundred (num): yüz (sayı) still (adv): hâlâ, yine de
because of (pp): ...dan dolayı bank (n): banka, kıyı (nehir, göl), yığın
abandon (v): terk etmek bill (n): fatura, kanun tasarısı, banknot,
gaga
arrive (v): varmak
clean (v): temizlemek
broccoli (n): brokoli
close (v): kapatmak
clothes (n): giysi
delay (v): ertelemek, geciktirmek
confidence (n): güven, sır
hope (v): ummak
cup (n): fincan, kupa
infect (v): hastalık bulaştırmak
defeat (n): yenilgi
locate (v): yerini belirlemek
dress (n): elbise
postulate (v): öne sürmek
employee (n): çalışan
repair (v): onarmak
fire (n): ateş, yangın, ateş etme (silah)
replace (v): değiştirmek, yerine koymak
fireman (n): itfaiyeci
sell (v): satmak
slip (v): kayıp düşmek, sıvışmak,
kötülemek, gizlice vermek game (n): oyun, av
snow (v): kar yağmak issue (n): mesele, sayı (dergi, gazete)
kid (n): çocuk, oğlak wait (v): beklemek
manager (n): yönetici wash (v): yıkamak
meeting (n): toplantı work (v): çalışmak, işe yaramak
movie (n): film in a row (phr): peş peşe

museum (n): müze bring up (pv): yetiştirmek, gündeme
getirmek, kusmak
need (n): ihtiyaç
put out (pv): söndürmek, rahatsızlık
painting (n): tablo, resim sanatı, boyama vermek, can sıkmak, duyuru yapmak
parcel (n): paket wait for (pv): beklemek
pea (n): bezelye
Collocations
rain (n): yağmur
raise cattle : büyükbaş hayvan yetiştirmek
referee (n): hakem
scientific research : bilimsel araştırma
theatre (n): tiyatro
last decade : geçen on yıl
tiger (n): kaplan
nuclear weapon : nükleer silah
tour (n): gezi
take precaution : önlem almak
umbrella (n): şemsiye
sudden disappearance : aniden kaybolma
twice (adv): iki kez
developing country : gelişmekte olan ülke
accompany (v): eşlik etmek
prevent death : ölümü önlemek
come (v): gelmek
health service : sağlık hizmeti
diagnose (v): teşhis etmek
old day : eski gün
drown (v): boğulmak
fatty acid : yağ asidi
eat (v): yemek
escape (v): kaçmak
solar power : güneş enerjisi
fly (v): uçmak, uçakla gitmek, hızlıca
ayrılmak industrial development : endüstriyel
kalkınma
love (v): sevmek, âşık olmak
mild climate : ılıman iklim
move (v): hareket etmek, taşınmak,
duygulandırmak monitor regularly : düzenli olarak izlemek
need (v): ihtiyaç duymak tiny bone : küçük kemik
organize (v): düzenlemek form valley : vadi oluşturmak
pay (v): ödemek recent time : yakın zaman
push (v): itmek, zorlamak religious group : dini grup
rain (v): yağmur yağmak solar system : güneş sistemi
reject (v): reddetmek tropical plant : tropikal bitki
select (v): seçmek remove tumour : tümörü almak
shake (v): sallamak finish work : işi bitirmek
start (v): başlamak, (iş) kurmak, (araç) infectious disease : bulaşıcı hastalık
çalıştırmak civil war : iç savaş
steal (v): çalmak same time : aynı zamanda
stop (v): durmak, engellemek Gregorian calendar : Miladi takvim
tell (v): söylemek board plane : uçağa binmek
organize party : parti düzenlemek into the lung : akciğerlere (içine)
cause chaos : kaosa sebep olmak risk of : ... riski, tehlikesi

start work : işe başlamak misinterpret as : ... olarak/şeklinde yanlış
yorumlamak
bring sth under control : bir şeyi kontrol
altına almak estimate at : ...olarak tahmin etmek
seem unlikely : olasılıksız gibi görünmek in a day : bir günde
protect against : ...ya karşı korumak

Prepositions
research in : ...da araştırma cure for : ... için tedavi
covered in : …ile kaplı guilty of : …dan suçlu
at a ... rate : ... bir oranda in winter : kışın
in the air : havada party for : ...için parti
spread throughout : ... boyunca yayılmak diagnose with : … teşhisi koymak
Active & Passive Tenses > Present Tenses
Simple Present
Active Passive
does is done
do are done
yapar yapılır
Active Passive
Approximately 9 million people use the metro in The metro is used by approximately 9 million people in
Moscow every day. Moscow every day.
Our teacher prepares exam papers. Exam papers are prepared by our teacher.
Simple Present Continuous
Active Passive
is doing is being done
are doing are being done
yapıyor yapılıyor
Active Passive
The farmer is raising cattle in his farm. Cattle is being raised by the farmer in his farm.
The publishers are reading the books. The books are being read by the publishers.
Present Perfect
Active Passive
has done has been done
have done have been done
yapmış durumda yapılmış durumda
Active Passive
Terrorists have attacked many cities. Many cities have been attacked by terrorists.
China has overtaken the US in scientific research in the The US has been overtaken by China in scientific
last decade. research in the last decade.
Present Perfect Continuous
Active Passive
have been doing
has been doing Bu tense passive halde kullanılamaz.
yapıyor
Active & Passive Tenses > Past Tenses
Simple Past
Active Passive
was done
did
were done
yaptı yapıldı
Active Passive
The long journey exhausted the children. The children were exhausted by the long journey.
The Soviet Union exploded the largest nuclear weapon The largest nuclear weapon in world history was
in world history. exploded by The Soviet Union.
Simple Past Continuous
Active Passive
was doing was being done
were doing were being done
yapıyordu yapılıyordu
Active Passive
An example was being written by the teacher on the

The teacher was writing an example on the board.
board.
My secretary was sending the letter last week. The letter was being sent by my secretary last week.
Past Perfect
Active Passive
had done had been done
yapmış durumdaydı yapılmış durumdaydı
Active Passive
The police had questioned the suspect for sixteen The suspect had been questioned for sixteen hours by
hours. the police.
Researchers at the University of Toronto had discovered Insulin had been discovered in 1921 by researchers at
insulin in 1921. the University of Toronto.
Past Perfect Continuous
Active Passive
had been doing
had been doing Bu tense passive halde kullanılamaz.
yapıyordu
Active & Passive Tenses > Future Tenses
Simple Future
Active Passive
will do will be done
yapacak yapılacak
Active Passive
The team will celebrate the victory tomorrow. The victory will be celebrated by the team tomorrow.
The government will set up a factory next year. A factory will be set up by the government next year.
Simple Future Continuous
Active Passive
will be doing
Bu tense passive halde kullanılamaz.
yapıyor olacak
Future Perfect
Active Passive
will have done will have been done
yapmış durumda olacak yapılmış durumda olacak
Active Passive
All precautions will have been taken by the Turkish

The Turkish government will have taken all precautions.
government.
The committee will have solved the problem. The problem will have been solved by the committee.
Future Perfect Continuous
Active Passive
will have been doing

Bu tense passive halde kullanılamaz.
yapıyor olacak
Active & Passive Modals > Simple Modals
modal TR time mood
must do
present
future
must be done
should do
present
future
should be done
ought to do
present
future
ought to be done
had better do
present
future
had better be done
have to do
has to do
present
have to be done
has to be done
had to do
past
had to be done
will have to do
future
will have to be done
need to do
needs to do
present
need to be done
needs to be done
needed to do
past
needed to be done
will need to do
future
will need to be done
may do
present
future
may be done
might do
present
future
might be done
can do present
future
can be done
could do
present
future
could be done
could do
past
could be done
is able to do
are able to do
present
is able to be done
are able to be done
was able to do
were able to do
past
was able to be done
were able to be done
will be able to do
future
will be able to be done
is going to do
are going to do
future
is going to be done
are going to be done
was going to do
were going to do
past
was going to be done
were going to be done
would do
present
future
would be done
would do
past
would be done
used to do
past
used to be done
Active & Passive Modals > Perfect Modals
modal TR time mood
should have done

past
should have been done
ought to have done

past
ought to have been done
must have done

past
must have been done
may have done

past
may have been done
might have done

past
might have been done
can't have done

past
can’t have been done
could have done

past
could have been done
would have done

past
would have been done
Passive Recognition 1 > Introduction
1. used to be reduced 11. will reload
A) Active B) Passive A) Active B) Passive
2. was attributed 12. may not have worshiped
3. could be enhanced 13. hadn't been handing in

4. must have disappeared 14. won't have read

5. will be urged 15. needed to kidnap

6. has erased 16. might have been tortured
7. had better not be advocated 17. is deceived
8. should have been kidnaped 18. hadn't been produced
9. ought to spit 19. has been reversing
10. could crease 20. will be overcome
Passive Recognition 1 > Homework
1. will have been rejected 14. will moan

2. have been easing 15. likes
3. may have heard 16. will have commented
4. would have reformed 17. won't be assisted
5. had better be highlighted 18. ought to have achieved
6. used to distract 19. were being poisoned

7. are hindered 20. isn't being admitted
8. may have been moved 21. may thank
9. hadn't been ruled 22. will have been turning off
10. can't have been concluded 23. might blast
11. wasn't going to be structured 24. will classify

12. will have urged 25. will dare
13. mustn't comment 26. must have been emphasized
27. might be boycotted 34. can't be exhibited
28. are being impaired 35. weren't lent
29. will have been brought up 36. have been harnessed
30. couldn't have mobilized 37. used to be depicted
31. has to extort 38. should have been thrown

32. joined 39. could be satisfied

33. crept 40. ought to revolutionize

Passive Recognition 2 > Introduction
1. Hangisi active haldedir? 10. Hangisi active haldedir?
A) had been reformed A) haven't been irritated

B) can't be prevented B) didn't burn
C) might have rumoured C) could have been oppressed
2. Hangisi active haldedir? 11. Hangisi passive haldedir?

A) were being distributed A) were unable to be tormented
B) wouldn't have been suspended B) had been rehearsing
C) hasn't been dwindling C) may have funded
3. Hangisi passive haldedir? 12. Hangisi passive haldedir?
A) won't have been bursting into A) may not have remarked

B) will be gathered B) should be transported
C) had better not encompass C) doesn't take care of
A) ought to have been illustrated A) might not have been demanded

B) is deterred B) is indicated
C) is exiting C) didn't use to reserve

A) is matched A) has wiped out
B) ought to have cycled B) will have been locked
C) didn't use to be shaken C) mustn't be predicted
6. Hangisi passive haldedir? 15. Hangisi active haldedir?
A) was banned A) can set up

B) haven't been levelling B) is being planted
C) might not have contemplated C) would be ironed
A) mustn't have regretted A) hadn't instructed

B) have been included B) are able to hypnotize
C) hadn't quarrelled C) ought to be classified
A) was being suspected A) has directed

B) should have simplified B) should have been processed
C) has been living C) can educate

A) can be obeyed A) used to trouble
B) are bitten B) is being proclaimed
C) will have been spending C) are going with
A) was kidding A) are hurt

B) should have summed up B) couldn't peel
C) might have been suspected C) must be balanced
Passive Recognition 2 > Homework
A) must have been suspected A) had been chewing

B) was being slowed B) doesn't have to wear
C) couldn't have counted on C) has been locked

A) didn't need to knock A) will surprise
B) should be pointed B) have been allocated
C) were waxing C) must be programmed
A) weren't decreased A) won't invent

B) could ship B) may not have associated with
C) was lying C) might not have been named
A) might not bring on A) couldn't menace

B) will bring forth B) must be manipulated
C) won't have been compiled C) will be proclaimed
A) could have set forward A) hadn't been promoted

B) has been stemming from B) could have kept to
C) aren't guarded C) will have fished

A) used to sell out A) was symbolized
B) will have been tried B) must have reloaded
C) would be carved C) will have given away
A) might have been faxed A) will take over

B) won't have been meaning B) were being restricted
C) could have mummified C) must have been estimated
A) had been introduced A) are going to be exposed

B) will be handling B) will be panicking
C) should be categorized C) is calculated
A) ought to be lent A) shouldn't have been illuminated

B) would soothe B) wasn't being forgiven
C) are being satisfied C) will have been pulling through
A) would sharpen A) may have clung

B) had to be mended B) are being shuffled
C) was elected C) are foregoing
A) are laying A) wouldn't be reformed

B) might not be complicated B) have been included
C) wouldn't have coexisted C) could break away

A) weren't joining A) had to be apologized
B) haven't been revised B) couldn't have doubled
C) may have been bent C) won't have been recognized

A) should have cheered A) doesn't exhale
B) should be exhibited B) were said
C) had been hung C) couldn't have been interrupted
A) might have centred on A) may have been fed

B) haven't halved B) need to assemble
C) were being divided C) has interested
A) must have plagued A) doesn't have to be overcome

B) will be focused B) isn't being displayed
C) had searched C) might not volunteer

A) will have enlisted A) should have been contaminated
B) was able to be represented B) used to govern
C) should have cooked C) balances

A) have fulfilled A) have checked up
B) should have been reared B) had been hired
C) is extinguished C) might have been accused
A) is learnt A) won't have countered

B) needs to deter B) should be achieved
C) has been outperforming C) was going to dismiss
A) were able to be reminded A) didn't have to be made
B) haven't been desiring B) might not have brought about
C) are being left C) are disposed

A) should be merged A) would have pronounced
B) is brainstorming B) must be fought
C) may not have refused C) will tie up
Passive Exercise > Introduction
Main Verb Time Tense / Mood Voice
should have approached past azarlama active
are impaired present simple present passive
need to leave
may be played down
would be enclosed
couldn't have been generated
ought to have disciplined
won't be pollinated
may knock down
have been winding
are being faced
weren't being stressed
might babysit
will be beating
oughtn't to have been

released
had disrupted
will be able to send
will drag
won't have been removed
can be read
were sponsored
knelt
ought to be sensed
will have been imposing
should release
don't need to be praised
cannot be reached
had been interfered
had been enriched
are pumped
haven't been waging
was spying
don't have to be labelled
had better recommend
can't have been shown
hasn't been assembling
must be underestimated
must be revised
couldn't assert
hasn't mixed
haven't discouraged
must have prohibited
aren't raising
envelope
could have been delayed
would be able to tidy
wasn't set up
aren't needed
are being told
would be discussed
had remained
wasn't being listened
has been acquired
must have underestimated
will have been raised
would have expected
should be learnt
could be refuted
shouldn't have been

persuaded
Passive Exercise > Homework
Main Verb Time Tense / Mood Voice
might be ordered
ought to be reflected
may chew
haven't concluded
could have omitted
had to be reflected
must have been bought
may have fastened
will have been numbering
should cut down
has relied on
might be deleted
is combined
is able to advocate
has been implemented
is scanned
used to be delayed
need to be able to reach
can tackle
hadn't cut down
would be obtained
are organized
took up
were doubling
weren't being added
weren't saved
mustn't have been claimed
will have been going up
must accomplish
ought to have been thrown
wasn't volunteering
were doubling
will have been bringing down
might cheat
need to be tamed
might have been measured
will be proposing
could punch
had thanked
won't enact
hadn't been enforced
should have withdrawn
would have contributed
are going to be reduced
will be balanced
used to receive
had been secured
had been monitored
will suffer
would be dated
are hoping
hasn't depressed
will have been expelled
aren't constricting
have been peeled
must conclude
need to be punished
would have been granted
can't have brought
1: About 20 percent of the rainforest has already 7: A manned space programme will have been
been cut down in Brazil. attempted by Russia before 2022.
TR: TR:
2: Snakes can be easily found in hot areas of 8: In the old days, most of the coal in our country
Australia, especially, in the north regions. used to be transported by sea.
TR: TR:
9: By 1988, 6% of the Brazilian Amazon had been

3: Without their efforts, these stories and histories cut down.
would have been lost to the world. TR:
TR:
10: The fatty acid is being studied as a treatment for

HIV.
TR:
4: The pyramids were built thousands of years ago.
TR:
11: Smoking in public areas should have been

prohibited a long time ago.
5: The sudden disappearance of honeybees might TR:
be related to pesticide exposure.
TR:
12: A skeleton of a mammoth was found in the

Shropshire hills in 1986.
TR:
6: The death of so many children in the developing
countries could be prevented by better health
services.
TR:
13: The injured man couldn’t walk and had to be

carried.
TR:
14: New medications are being developed every 20: The abacus may have been invented in
single day across the globe. Babylonia in the fourth century B.C.
TR: TR:
15: An experimental solar power plant will be built in 21: South Africa is known for its plentiful sunshine,
the Australian desert. and mild climate.
TR: TR:
16: The street gangs were being followed by the 22: Television and computers couldn’t have been
police last night. dreamed of a hundred years ago.
TR: TR:
17: Approximately 6% of Switzerland is made up of

glaciers and lakes. 23: For the next 150 years, Egypt would be ruled by
TR: a number of local leaders.
TR:
18: The Eiffel Tower has been visited by people

from all over the world.
TR: 24: I can't find that letter. It must have been thrown
away.
TR:
19: New industrial developments are going to be

introduced by the new Minister. 25: All types of diabetes are serious and need to be
TR: monitored regularly.
TR:
1: The Arctic Ocean is almost completely covered in 7: In 2100, under the Kyoto Protocol, the
ice in the winter. temperature would be diminished by 0.2 C.
TR: TR:
2: When we were younger, we used not to be

allowed to drink coffee. 8: New sales of petrol and diesel cars will be
TR: banned by 2040 in the UK.
TR:
3: Africa is being deforested at twice the rate of the

rest of the world.
TR: 9: Toxins in the air might be inhaled into the lungs
and spread throughout the body.
TR:
4: These lines can't have been written by

Shakespeare; they are not good enough.
TR:
10: Valleys on Mars may have been formed by
groundwater in geologically recent times.
TR:
5: The importance of the tiny bone would not have

been recognized without genetic testing of its DNA.
TR:
11: A new planet has been discovered by British
astronomers.
TR:
12: The risk of infection should have been thought

6: The bridge was being built last year, but it wasn't by the doctors.
finished when I saw it. TR:
TR:
13: The governments should not be influenced by 19: Botswana is made up of mostly desert, and its
religious groups. population is estimated at roughly 2 million.
TR: TR:
14: Only five planets in our solar system can be

seen with the naked eye.
TR:
20: Many times tumours must be removed by
surgery.
TR:
15: Our tropical plants will have been damaged by

excess sunlight during our holiday. 21: The work couldn’t have been finished in a day. It
TR: was at least a week’s worth of work.
TR:
16: The accident was easily foreseeable, and could

have been prevented.
22: Kids need to be protected against infectious
TR:
diseases.
TR:
17: The virus is still being passed from person to 23: Submarines were built and used during the
person. American Civil War.
TR: TR:
18: Poisoning symptoms could be misinterpreted as

symptoms of other diseases or illnesses. 24: The two fossils may have been formed at
TR: approximately the same time.
TR:
25: The Gregorian calendar had been widely

adopted in the late 1500s.
TR:
List of Stative Passive > List of Stative Passive
be absorbed in bir işe dalmak, gömülmek

1
The boy was absorbed in playing a computer game.
be accustomed to …e alışkın olmak
2
We are not accustomed to being treated so rudely.
be acquainted with …e aşina olmak

3
I know her, but I'm not acquainted with the rest of the family.
be addicted to …e bağımlı olmak
4
Many criminals in America are addicted to drugs.
be amazed at …e şaşırmak
5
I was amazed at the extent of his knowledge.
be annoyed with sb …e kızmak

6
I was annoyed with him for interrupting me.
be annoyed at/about sth …e sinirlenmek

7
Eddie was annoyed at hearing complaints about his behaviour.
be associated with …ile ilişkili olmak
8
Dopamine is associated with the basic functions of the brain.
be astonished at …e şaşırmak
9
He was astonished at the changes in Tibet when he returned to China for the first time in 1984.
be based on …e bağlı olmak

10
Science is based on very careful observations.
be bored with …den sıkılmak
11
I was bored with the monotony of daily life.
be blessed with …ile kutsanmak

12
Winnetka is blessed with a long history of progressive education.
be committed to kendini …e adamak
13
The government is committed to housing the refugees.
be composed of …den oluşmak
14
The body is composed largely of water.
be concerned about endişeli olmak
15
John is getting fat, so his friends are really concerned about his health.
be concerned with …ile ilgili olmak

16
This book is chiefly concerned with the effects of second-hand smoking.
be confused with … kafası karışık olmak

17
The young boy was confused with his feelings towards her.
be connected to /with …ile ilişkili olmak
18
Drug trafficking is commonly connected to other more serious crimes.
19 be convinced of …den emin olmak
He was convinced of her innocence.
be coordinated with …ile eşgüdümlü olmak

20
Every step of every project is closely coordinated with the client's management.
be crowded with …ile dolu (kalabalık) olmak

21
The harbour was crowded with vessels of every description.
be covered with/in …ile kaplı olmak

22
About 70 of the Earth's surface is covered with oceans.
be dedicated to kendini …e adamak

23
Joanna was totally dedicated to teaching.
be delighted at/with …den hoşnut olmak
24
She was delighted with her new home.
be derived from …den türemek
25
A lot of English words are derived from Latin.
be disgusted at/with …den iğrenmek

26
I am disgusted at your behaving in that way.
be devoted to kendini …e adamak
27
The monk is wholly devoted to his faith.
be disappointed with/at hayal kırıklığına uğramak

28
We are a little disappointed with the result of sixth place in the championship.
be divorced from …den boşanmış olmak

29
I was widowed from my first spouse and divorced from my second.
be done with …ile işini bitirmek
30
If you are done with the salt, please pass it to me.
be dressed in giymek
31 There's confetti in the streets, everyone is dressed in fun costumes and the city of Villach is alive with
celebration.
be engaged to …ile nişanlı olmak
32
James has been engaged to Elizabeth for over a year.
be engaged in …ile meşgul olmak
33
My father has been engaged in foreign trade for many years.
be equipped with …ile donanımlı olmak

34
Many cell phones, even basic ones, are now equipped with cameras.
be excited about … konusunda heyecanlanmak
35
Henry doesn't want to admit it, but he's excited about tomorrow's dance.
be exposed to …e maruz kalmak
36
The soldiers in the open field were exposed to the enemy's gunfire.
be filled with …ile dolu olmak
37
Her eyes were filled with tears when she pictured the sad scene to herself.
be finished with … ile işini bitirmek
38
Let me read the newspaper if you've finished with it.
39 be furnished with …ile donanımlı olmak (mobilya)
The room was furnished with an old but functional wooden furniture.
be impressed with …den etkilenmek/büyülenmek
40
She was extremely impressed with the painting in the Louvre.
be interested in …e ilgi duymak
41
David is interested in French literature and its history.
be involved in …-e karışmak, dahil olmak
42
The school bus was involved in a collision with a truck.
be known for … ile bilinmek
43
Metals are known for conducting electricity and heat well.
be known as …olarak bilinmek
44
Antarctica is known as the coldest place on Earth.
be limited to …ile sınırlı olmak
45
Membership usually has to be limited to thirty performers per team.
be made of …den yapılmak (fiziksel değişiklik)
46
Railroad rails are made of high quality steel.
be made from …den yapılmak (kimyasal değişiklik)
47
Generally sculpture can be made from wood, clay, metal, stone, and elephant teeth.
be made out of …den yapılmak (amaç dışı kullanım)
48
Animals can be made out of pine cones and decorated with a variety of objects.
be married to …ile evli olmak
49
Ryan has been married to Jessica for just over three years.
be obliged to sb …e minnettar olmak
50
I am extremely obliged to you for your co-operation.
be opposed to …e karşı olmak
51
Many people are opposed to the use of nuclear power.
be pleased about/with …den memnun olmak
52
Luke's parents are pleased about his appointment as a teacher.
be prepared for …e hazırlıklı olmak
53
The government urge residents to be prepared for potential evacuations due to rapid fire growth.
be provided with sağlanmış durumda olmak
54
If a device is provided with too much voltage, it can overload.
be related to …ile ilişkili olmak
55
Global warming is directly related to carbon dioxide emissions.
be remembered for …ile hatırlanmak
56
Raphael the painter is mainly remembered for the beauty of his human figures.
be satisfied with …den memnun olmak
57
He is not perfectly satisfied with his current salary.
be scared of …den korkmak
58
Most children are scared of the dark, but when they grow up the fear goes away.
be separated from …den ayrı olmak
59
Joseph didn't like being separated from his wife and children.
60 be shocked at …e şaşırmak, şok olmak
The mother was shocked at the news of her son's death.
be surprised at …e şaşırmak
61
Scientists were surprised at the outcome of the experiment.
be synchronized with …ile senkronize halde olmak
62
All computers in the system are synchronized with an external source of time.
be thrilled at/with …den heyecan duymak
63
He's not exactly thrilled at the prospect of working for his old rival.
be terrified of dehşete kapılmak
64
He was clasping the vase tightly, because he was terrified of dropping it.
be tired of/from …den bıkmak
65
I'm so tired of doing the same job, day after day.
be troubled with …ile başı belada olmak
66
Jane has been troubled with bad dreams recently.
be upset with sb …e üzgün olmak
67
The kid was upset with his brother and wanted to take the revenge.
be used to …e alışkın olmak
68
Hilbert is a primary school teacher, so he is used to dealing with children.
be worried about endişelenmek
69
Oliver has started coughing heavily and I'm worried about his health.
Passive Questions > Introduction
1. The Mongols ---- the Slavs for the next two 6. We hope that the missing money from the
hundred years. company's bank account ---- soon.
A) were ruling B) had been ruled A) must be found B) must find
C) would rule D) should be ruled C) will be found D) will find
2. The old castle ---- in the forest, not far from

the river. I'm sure you will find it. 7. They ---- at lunchtime but the flight was
delayed.
A) is located B) locates
A) ought to have arrived B) had been
C) might be located D) might locate
arrived
Translation: C) would have been D) have arrived
arrived
Translation:
3. Many collections ---- until the person's death.

8. When Janette was young, she ---- across the
A) should not be B) should not lake.
discovered discover
C) do not discover D) are not A) could have been B) have swum
discovered swum
C) had been swum D) was able to swim
Translation:
Translation:
4. He postulated that a cure for the disease ----

by the year 2100. 9. We ---- the plane because our passports had
been left at home.
A) will have been found B) could have found
C) could have been D) will be finding A) couldn't board B) couldn't be boarded
found C) were going to D) were going to be
board boarded
Translation:
Translation:
5. It's cold inside. They ---- the broken window

immediately. 10. He ---- his goods at a sacrifice to close down
his business.
A) will have replaced B) will have been
replaced A) was sold B) sold
C) should have been D) should have C) was being sold D) has been sold
replaced replaced
Translation:
Translation:
11. His car was repaired quite satisfactorily but 16. Invoices ---- by the 24th of every month.
it ---- at all.
A) should submit B) had to submit
A) was not cleaned B) cleaned C) must be submitted D) is able to submit
C) couldn't clean D) wouldn't be cleaned
Translation:
Translation:
17. I should think it ---- us an hour to drive to

Rome.
12. It had been snowing all night. This street ----
because of it. A) has been taken B) can be taken
C) need to take D) will take
A) has to close B) has to be closed
C) must have been D) must have Translation:
closed closed
Translation:
18. The local council ---- the old flats around
here these days.
A) are pulling down B) are being pulled down
13. As many as ten-million children ---- with the C) will pull down D) will be pulling down
virus by the end of this decade.
Translation:
A) will have infected B) will have been
infected
C) may have D) may have been
infected infected
19. In the winter, many older people ---- on ice
Translation: and fall down.
A) slip B) are slipped

C) should slip D) should be slipped
Translation:
14. Jason ---- guilty of the crime when the police
have finished their search.
A) could be found B) had been found
C) might have found D) will find 20. Since World War I tanks ---- by armies all
over the world.
Translation:
A) have used B) have been used
C) used D) were used
Translation:
15. The mission ----. Decision-makers found that
it was impossible.
A) is going to be B) is going to
abandoned abandon
C) had to be abandoned D) had to abandon
Translation:
Passive Questions > Homework
1. I ---- to Turkey tomorrow and my friends will 6. He ---- to the bank earlier, he knew he had to
be organizing a welcome party for me. pay the bill today.
A) will be flying B) was flying A) should have gone B) would go
C) had been flying D) flew C) was able to go D) must go
7. It's raining and I don't want to get my dress

2. The boy ---- into the river. Luckily, he was not wet. I ---- an umbrella.
drowned.
A) could be brought B) had better bring
A) must have pushed B) can be pushed
C) might bring D) must have brought
C) pushed D) was pushed
Translation:
Translation:
3. A valuable painting ---- from the museum two 8. We ---- cars so that they are more fuel-
days ago. efficient.
A) must be stolen B) was stolen A) will have selected B) would be selected

C) should steal D) stole C) should select D) are being selected
4. The employees ---- up this issue during the 9. She ---- here for over 2 years before you
meeting. It caused a chaos. started working here.
A) didn't bring B) shouldn't have been A) is working B) works

brought C) has been working D) had been working
C) shouldn't have D) weren't being brought Translation:
brought
Translation:
10. Peter ---- broccoli when he was a kid, but

now he loves it.
5. Parcels ---- from the Post Office between 9 A) hadn't eaten B) wouldn’t eat
a.m. and 5 p.m. After 5 p.m., you will need to C) couldn't be eaten D) wasn't being eaten
wait for the next day.
Translation:
A) can collect B) can be collected
C) were able to be D) are able to
collected collect
Translation: 11. The fire ---- under control by the firemen but
not completely put out.
A) had to bring B) was brought
C) would have been brought D) brought
Translation:
12. A tiger escaped when it ---- from one zoo to 18. Rupert ---- the money, but it seems unlikely.
another.
A) took B) must have been taken
A) moved B) had to move C) has been taken D) might have taken
C) was being moved D) can be moved
Translation:
Translation:
19. She ---- with Parkinson’s about 2 years ago.

13. Until the Middle Ages, passports ---- only to A) diagnosed B) has been diagnosed
the privileged rich.
C) has diagnosed D) was diagnosed
A) gave B) have given
Translation:
C) have been given D) were given
Translation:
20. The peas ---- for months and were still fresh.
A) had been frozen B) must have frozen

14. Those dirty clothes ---- twice already. C) have frozen D) would be frozen
Translation:
A) washed B) could have been
washed
C) have been D) should wash
washed 21. Before 1910, movie theatres ---- in
Translation: Hollywood.
A) used to ban B) would have been
banned
15. After five defeats in a row, the team's C) had been D) banned
confidence ---- badly. banned
A) shakes B) should have shaken Translation:

C) had been D) would have been
shaken shaken
Translation: 22. Sarah was disappointed because her plan ---
-.
A) had rejected B) had been rejected
C) could have D) could have been
16. You ---- us you weren't coming. We've waited rejected rejected
for over an hour!
Translation:
A) need to be told B) have told
C) were being told D) should have told
Translation: 23. The manager ---- about the problem.
A) has told B) ought to have told
C) was being told D) should have been told
17. This bill ---- right. £200 for two cups of Translation:
coffee!
A) wouldn't be B) won't be
24. The referee ---- the game because of the rain.
C) may not have been D) can't be
A) were stopped B) used to stop
Translation:
C) might be stopped D) stopped
Translation:
25. This is a dangerous tour. Children ---- by an
adult.
A) ought to B) must be
accompany accompanied
C) were accompanied D) accompanied
Translation:
1 azaltmak, kesmek (ağaç) cattle drive cut down glacier
2 satış, indirim sale journey petrol close

3 takip etmek, anlamak sunlight business valley follow
4 azalmak exposure fireman diminish meeting
5 kamu valuable public street read
6 yüzde percent at least hot ban
7 göl museum lake fall down friend
8 tür discover exam type delay
9 ...dan oluşmak twice line minister be made up of
10 sunmak, boyun eğmek submit loss swim enough
11 ameliyat, muayenehane question unlikely region surgery
12 neredeyse diabetes fireman at least almost
13 kutlamak already cold coal celebrate
14 tüketmek, yormak city fly publisher exhaust
15 eşlik etmek accompany invoice protect submarine
uçmak, uçakla gitmek,
16 last metro read fly
hızlıca ayrılmak
tanıştırmak, ortaya
17 space introduce employee secretary
koymak
18 özellikle pyramid especially nuclear approximately
maruz kalma, açığa
19 çıkarma, poz accompany painting world exposure
(fotoğrafçılıkta)
20 apartman dairesi transport flat next see
21 gezegen planet metro long drink
22 göndermek experimental send repair snow
23 insanlı manned castle manager unlikely
24 kabaca, zorla ice type flat roughly
25 yerel monitor globe local skeleton
26 yayıncı quite especially publisher monitor
27 oluşmak, şekil vermek type sunshine put out form
28 önlem excess temperature precaution week
29 hedef, gol goal raise movie tiny
30 kaplamak cover think computer friend
31 reddetmek reject submarine exam serious
kayıp düşmek, sıvışmak,
32 kötülemek, gizlice street good slip population
vermek
33 tanımak, takdir etmek rain decade holiday recognize
34 hastalık estimate study privileged illness
35 bulaşıcı army infectious university especially
36 çiftlik farm snow committee sale
37 önem use importance serious carry
38 fatura fire invoice spread lung
39 hakem passport loss prepare referee
40 tarih, geçmiş introduce attack money history
41 çoğunlukla push old mostly frozen
42 vadi damage team valley exposure
hareket etmek, taşınmak,
43 overtake cup move sell
duygulandırmak
44 belirti researcher symptom sale pesticide
45 bol visit plentiful confidence tiny
46 deneysel risk guilty lung experimental
47 gün ışığı need person sunshine story
fatura, kanun tasarısı,
48 organize bill drive write
banknot, gaga
değiştirmek, yerine
49 replace dream drink estimate
koymak
50 yılan snake walk diminish terrorist
51 bölge region attack world gang
52 araştırmacı researcher toxin desert hill
izin vermek, olanak
53 ocean allow protect skeleton
sağlamak
54 yayılmak city rain spread government
55 birazdan pea soon board hope
56 varmak put out police geologically arrive
57 ordu night army space surgery
58 on yıl rainforest move decade test
59 ummak hope adopt disease passport
60 hazırlamak eat astronomer already prepare
61 hastalık disease month deforest soon
62 write area importance issue
gazete)
63 dinlenme, geri kalanı develop issue rest day
64 arama search celebrate history surgery
65 kirli, alçak, açık saçık game factory dirty cover
rüya görmek, hayal
66 cut down still line dream
kurmak
67 yaygın olarak effort widely man geologically
68 yetişkin submit slip adult tell
69 sığır terrorist plentiful cover cattle
70 alan, uzay journey space geologically genetic
71 hasar vermek stop police damage clothes
72 ağaçları kesmek globe pay sell deforest
73 terk etmek committee abandon unlikely postulate
74 kaza, tesadüf temperature diagnose skeleton accident
75 silah new car weapon remove
76 önlemek solve prevent death weapon
söndürmek, rahatsızlık
77 vermek, can sıkmak, theatre disappointed day put out
duyuru yapmak
78 küçücük tiny follow frozen reject
79 şüpheli easily suspect build cut down
80 temizlemek form issue symptom clean
81 tepe hill especially prepare rain
82 bezelye pea north night ago
83 yasaklamak question mission ban cattle
84 yasaklamak prohibit holiday toxin adopt
soluk almak, çok hızlı
85 test suspect inhale close
yemek
86 ayrıcalıklı drive abandon privileged excess
87 gelişmek, ortaya çıkmak rain accident develop ocean
88 teşebbüs etmek attempt pass completely lake
89 şehir book city country government
90 inşa etmek build soon valley teacher
91 araştırma enough meeting research precaution
92 kayıp, zarar raise loss visit space
93 bakan, papaz minister infection coal roughly
94 çözmek approximately solve organize twice
95 çalmak steal disappointed terrorist company
96 yaklaşık olarak approximately far impossible walk
derhal, hemen
97 rest clothes victory immediately
(yakınında)
98 bitki, santral plant bill introduce metro
99 sollamak man submit overtake region
100 hayal kırıklığına uğramış letter nuclear disappointed example
101 film history movie farm find
102 köprü, briç paper bridge fireman delay
103 kayıp ban good start missing
104 görev find mission push population
105 yenilgi defeat rain shake rule
106 akciğer wait lung snake rest
107 taşımak carry rule research calendar
108 öne sürmek missing sale close down postulate
109 ciddi groundwater serious shake need
110 çöl meeting week desert petrol
111 çoktan example ice already large
112 ertelemek, geciktirmek adult effort referee delay
113 donmuş frozen computer steal secretary
114 şirket, eşlik widely company bring up pyramid
115 fedakarlık, kurban manned sacrifice crime publisher
116 ödemek pay sunshine company worth
117 kale castle abandon send completely
118 zehirlenme astronomer week new poisoning
119 hükûmet government pull down move cattle
120 kaçmak museum tiger finish escape
121 kömür tour every window coal
122 tamamen completely be made up of valuable almost
123 onarmak century prevent see repair
124 boğulmak recognize stop drown treatment
125 tahta, kurul reject window country board
126 sıcaklık dirty temperature hope money
127 ... değerinde ago crime worth exam
128 tehlikeli plentiful slip invent dangerous
129 kırık/bozuk medication broken invent leader
130 çete north lunchtime gang world
bring take mild receive widely
monitor solar remove infectious board
prevent health fatty development chemical
raise scientific weapon unlikely disappearance
1 ---- cattle büyükbaş hayvan yetiştirmek
2 ---- research bilimsel araştırma
3 nuclear ---- nükleer silah
4 ---- precaution önlem almak
5 sudden ---- aniden kaybolma
6 ---- death ölümü önlemek
7 ---- service sağlık hizmeti
8 ---- acid yağ asidi
9 industrial ---- endüstriyel kalkınma
10 mild climate ılıman iklim
11 ---- regularly düzenli olarak izlemek
12 ---- system güneş sistemi
13 ---- tumour tümörü almak
14 ---- disease bulaşıcı hastalık
15 ---- plane uçağa binmek
16 ---- sth under control bir şeyi kontrol altına almak
17 seem ---- olasılıksız gibi görünmek
18 ---- exposure kimyasala maruz kalma
19 ---- treatment tedavi görmek
20 ---- available yaygın şekilde bulunan
1 research ---- ...da araştırma

2 covered ---- …ile kaplı
3 ---- the air havada
4 spread ---- ... boyunca yayılmak
5 ---- the lung akciğerlere (içine)
6 risk ---- ... riski, tehlikesi
7 misinterpret ---- ... olarak/şeklinde yanlış yorumlamak
8 estimate ---- ...olarak tahmin etmek
9 ---- a day bir günde
10 protect ---- ...ya karşı korumak
11 cure ---- ... için tedavi
12 guilty ---- …dan suçlu
13 ---- winter kışın
14 party ---- ...için parti
15 diagnose ---- … teşhisi koymak
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Passive Voice ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Conditionals
• Unit Words
• If Types
• Recognition
• Type Recognition
• Conditionals Questions

Vocabulary
careful (adj): dikkatli stomach (n): mide
cheap (adj): ucuz street (n): cadde
fat (adj): şişman ticket (n): bilet, para cezası
greasy (adj): yağlı tram (n): tramvay
happy (adj): mutlu weather (n): hava durumu
hurt (adj): yaralanmış, üzülmüş afford (v): parası yetmek
lonely (adj): yalnız, ıssız (yer) arrive (v): varmak
naked (adj): çıplak ask (v): sormak, istemek
noisy (adj): gürültülü buy (v): satın almak, kanmak
obvious (adj): bariz cancel (v): iptal etmek
wrong (adj): yanlış change (v): değişmek, (para) bozdurmak
yellow (adj): sarı, ödlek deliver (v): teslim etmek, doğum yapmak
always (adv): daima, tekrar tekrar (şikayet) eat (v): yemek
soon (adv): birazdan find (v): bulmak
still (adv): hâlâ, yine de finish (v): bitirmek
tomorrow (adv, n): yarın hear (v): duymak
bicycle (n): bisiklet hide (v): saklamak
bike (n): bisiklet, motosiklet hurry (v): acele etmek
chimney (n): baca hurt (v): incitmek
cooperation (n): iş birliği increase (v): artmak
cousin (n): kuzen know (v): bilmek
curtain (n): perde leave (v): ayrılmak, bırakmak
diary (n): günlük live (v): yaşamak
driver (n): sürücü, faktör run (v): koşmak, yönetmek, akmak, sefer
exam (n): sınav
food (n): yiyecek
sleep (v): uyumak
grandparent (n): dede/nine
smoke (v): (sigara vs) içmek, tütsülemek
station (v): görevlendirmek
house (n): ev
stay (v): kalmak
insurance (n): sigorta
steal (v): çalmak
island (n): ada
visit (v): ziyaret etmek
job (n): iş
order (v): sipariş vermek, emretmek,
mountain (n): dağ, yığın düzen vermek
news (n): haber, haber programı goods (n): mal
place (n): yer fall off (pv): düşmek
rate (n): oran, ücret turn on (pv): açmak (elektrikli aleti), aniden
saldırmak
alive (adj): canlı bite (v): ısırmak
broke (adj): meteliksiz book (v): yer ayırtmak
leading (adj): önde gelen brush (v): fırçalamak, süpürmek, hafifçe

dokunmak
patient (adj): sabırlı
come (v): gelmek
thick (adj): kalın kesişmek, melezlemek
tired (adj): yorgun, bıkmış enjoy (v): hoşlanmak, keyfini sürmek
unforeseen (adj): öngörülmeyen fail (v): kalmak (sınav), başarısız olmak,
feed (v): beslemek
today (adv): bugün
go (v): gitmek
afternoon (n): öğleden sonra
baby (n): bebek
listen (v): dinlemek
bank (n): banka, kıyı (nehir, göl), yığın
owe (v): borçlu olmak
cavity (n): oyuk
return (v): geri dönmek
company (n): şirket, eşlik
snow (v): kar yağmak
flight (n): uçuş
homework (n): ödev
gelmek
instruction (n): talimat, öğretim
light (n): ışık, ateş (çakmak vs)
lottery (n): piyango, rastlantı
win (v): kazanmak
morning (n): sabah
negotiation (n): müzakere
early (adv): erken
neighbour (n): komşu
night (n): gece
all the time (adv): sürekli
parent (n): ebeveyn
so much (phr): çok fazla
party (n): parti (eğlence), parti (siyasi),
right away (phr): hemen
taraf
tie up (pv): bağlamak
play (n): oyun
stay up (pv): geç vakitte yatmak
progress (n): ilerleme
bring about (pv): sebep olmak
quality (n): kalite, nitelik
go out (pv): dışarı çıkmak, flört etmek,
road (n): yol
çekilmek (gelgit), sönmek (ışık, ateş)
shopping (n): alışveriş
look after (pv): ilgilenmek
snowman (n): kardan adam
fall through (pv): suya düşmek (plan vs)
statue (n): heykel
Collocations
theatre (n): tiyatro
feel tired : yorgun hissetmek
wall (n): duvar
finish work : işi bitirmek
wolf (n): kurt
rent apartment : apartman dairesi
agree (v): aynı fikirde olmak kiralamak
cancel order : siparişi iptal etmek buy house : ev satın almak
deliver goods : mal teslim etmek see movie : film izlemek
pass exam : sınavı geçmek last week : geçen hafta
reach top : zirveye ulaşmak win the lottery : piyangoyu kazanmak
car accident : araba kazası cheap flight : ucuz uçuş

wear seat belt : emniyet kemeri takmak next week : gelecek hafta
read diary : günlük okumak get flight : uçuş bulmak
take tram : tramvaya binmek make noise : ses çıkarmak, gürültü

yapmak
hard exam : zor sınav
last night : dün gece
study hard : çok (ders) çalışmak
lend money : ödünç para vermek
traffic ticket : trafik cezası
good job : iyi iş
poor quality : düşük kalite
give chance : şans vermek
leading company : önde gelen şirket
make mistake : hata yapmak
go shopping : alışverişe çıkmak
meet expectations : beklentileri Prepositions

karşılamak in time : zamanla, vaktinde
make adjustments : ayarları yapmak by noon : öğleye kadar
fail exam : sınavı geçememek in an accident : bir kazada
save money : para biriktirmek on time : vaktinde
right now : şimdi, hemen şimdi in the afternoon : öğleden sonra
ask question : soru sormak around the world : dünya genelinde |
get ticket : para cezası almak dünyanın etrafında
If Types > Type 0
Type 0
Real – Present
Yan Cümle Ana Cümle
If Simple Present Simple Present
Ana Cümle Yan Cümle
Simple Present if Simple Present
Notlar
Örnek Cümleler
If you pour oil on water, it floats.
If nitrogen and sulphur dioxide mix, they form an acid solution.
Water freezes if the temperature falls below zero.
If Types > Type 1
Type 1
Real – Present
will V1
If Simple Present can V1
may V1
will V1
can V1 if Simple Present
may V1
Notlar
Örnek Cümleler
If I don't get a pay rise at work, I will start looking for another job.
Acupuncture can be used if you have a headache or back pain.
If you don’t treat diabetes, it may cause health problems and sometimes may even be deadly.
If Types > Type 2
Type 2
Unreal – Present
would V1
If Simple Past
could V1
would V1
if Simple Past
could V1
Notlar
Örnek Cümleler
If I were taller, I would join the basketball team.
If there were a subway system in this city, fewer people would drive to work.
We wouldn’t be able to stand up if we didn’t have bones.
If her parents approved of her marriage Helen could marry Jim.
Karşılaştır
We could go on the trip if I didn't work this weekend.
We can go on the trip if I don't work this weekend.
If Types > Type 3
Type 3
Unreal – Past
would have V3
If Past Perfect
could have V3
would have V3
if Past Perfect
could have V3
Notlar
Örnek Cümleler
She wouldn't have yawned the whole day if she hadn't stayed up late last night.
That horse could have won the race if he hadn't hurt his leg.
If the wind hadn't been so strong, the bridge wouldn't have collapsed.
Karşılaştır
I can buy that car if I have more money.
I could buy that car if I had more money.
I could have bought that car if I had had more money.
If Types > Mixed Type 3/2
Mixed Type 3/2

Unreal Past / Unreal Present
would V1
If Past Perfect
could V1
would V1
if Past Perfect
could V1
Notlar
Örnek Cümleler
If I had taken an aspirin, I wouldn't have a headache now.
If it had rained yesterday, I wouldn't have to water the garden today.
The teacher wouldn't be so angry now if you hadn't forgotten your homework at home.
Karşılaştır
If we had brought a map with us, we wouldn't be lost now.
If we had brought a map with us, we wouldn't have been lost last weekend.
If Types > Mixed Type 2/3
Mixed Type 2/3

Unreal – Present / Unreal – Past
would have V3
If Simple Past
could have V3
would have V3
if Simple Past
could have V3
Notlar
Örnek Cümleler
If he weren't so lucky, he wouldn't have won a lottery last week.
If his boss didn't trust him, he would have fired him months ago.
If you weren't such a poor dancer, you would have got a job in that musical.
Karşılaştır
If I wasn't afraid of spiders, I would have picked it up.
If I wasn't afraid of spiders, I would pick it up.
If Types > Inversion of Conditionals
will V1
type - 1
Should you do … can V1
may V1
type - 2 would V1
Were you to do …
could V1
type - 3 would have V3

Had you done …
could have V3
Notlar
Örnek Cümleler
If he changes his mind, please let me know as soon as possible.
Should he change his mind, please let me know as soon as possible.
If you increase your order, we could consider free delivery.
Should you increase your order, we could consider free delivery.
If they bought a new house, they would need to sell the old one first.
Were they to buy a new house, they would need to sell the old one first.
If he resigned, it would cause a lot of problems for the company.
Were he to resign, it would cause a lot of problems for the company.
If the books had been cheaper, I would have bought them all.
Had the books been cheaper, I would have bought them all.
If you hadn't refused my invitation, you would have had the best holiday ever.
Had you not refused my invitation, you would have had the best holiday ever.
Recognition > Introduction
Yan Cümle Ana Cümle Type ?
if will repair knows
if understood would have come
if commit will hang
if have smelt could have brought
if had abandoned would have suffered
if needed could have
if were would fly
if has would have revised
if didn't bring couldn't have bought
if don't keep can flee
if may present can propose
if had done won't have distinguished
if had had would feel
if had asked would be invited
if drove wouldn't know
if lift gets
If barks bites
if kills may not progress
if had been running will have donated
if hadn't grown could have worn
if hadn't been invented couldn't survive
if sought would have been
if had worked would have gained
if heat boil
Recognition > Homework
Yan Cümle Ana Cümle Type ?
if had destroyed wouldn't have survived
if hadn't noticed wouldn't lie
if were couldn't stand
if put could have crashed
if introduced wouldn't be
if didn't seek could drive
if diagnosed would have treated
if has developed couldn't have detected
if barks doesn't bite
if is may sense
if revolve pushes
if caught arrest
if had delivered would have cancelled
if hadn't pulled would have
if writes won't read
if found couldn't have grown
if were sending may receive
if hangs can dry
if had played would have won
if hadn't told could have woken up
if may recover heals
If takes get
if spend may have spoken
if met will sit
Type Recognition > Introduction
1. Great Britain could have won another 6. I wouldn't go to school by bus if I had a
Olympic gold had the women's football team driving licence.
been allowed to compete.
A) type - 0 B) type - 1
A) type - 0 B) type - 1 C) type - 2 D) type - 3
C) type - 2 D) type - 3 E) mixed type
E) mixed type
Translation:
Translation:
7. Dan would arrive safe if he drove slowly.
2. If I had taken French in high school, I would C) type - 2 D) type - 3
have more job opportunities. E) mixed type
A) type - 0 B) type - 1 Translation:

C) type - 2 D) type - 3
E) mixed type
8. The door will unlock if you press the green
Translation:
button.
E) mixed type
3. If I had gone to the sales, I'm sure I would
have bought something. Translation:
E) mixed type 9. Their teacher gets annoyed if students use
their mobile phones in class.
Translation:
E) mixed type
4. Susan could have worked as a model if she Translation:
had been taller.
E) mixed type 10. He would be able to pass the exam if he
studied harder.
Translation:
E) mixed type
5. It would not surprise me if he did not know
the answer. Translation:
E) mixed type
Translation:
11. The zookeeper would have punished her 14. If Cindy were more creative, the company
with a fine if she had fed the animals. would send her to New York to work on the
new advertising campaign.
C) type - 2 D) type - 3 A) type - 0 B) type - 1
E) mixed type C) type - 2 D) type - 3
E) mixed type
Translation:
Translation:
12. If you leave your bike there, someone could

take it.
A) type - 0 B) type - 1 15. If I owned a lonely island, I would build a
huge house by the beach.
E) mixed type A) type - 0 B) type - 1
Translation: C) type - 2 D) type - 3
E) mixed type
Translation:
13. If the cat hides in the tree, the dog will not
find it.
E) mixed type
Translation:
Type Recognition > Homework
1. If he didn’t really love you, he wouldn’t have 6. She told me she would have emailed you if
bought this ring for you. you had given her your address.
A) type - 0 B) type - 1 A) type - 0 B) type - 1
C) type - 2 D) type - 3 C) type - 2 D) type - 3
E) mixed type E) mixed type
2. If you spoke louder, your classmates would 7. Had the pilot made the appropriate decisions
understand you. from the beginning, the accident might not
have occurred.
E) mixed type
Translation:
Translation:
3. You would have had no trouble at school if

you had done your homework.
A) type - 0 B) type - 1 8. She will be able to come on holiday next

C) type - 2 D) type - 3 month if her parents give her permission.
E) mixed type
Translation: C) type - 2 D) type - 3
E) mixed type
Translation:
4. If I don't know a word, I look in my

dictionary.
C) type - 2 D) type - 3 9. If you swim in this lake, you'll shiver from
cold.
E) mixed type
Translation:
E) mixed type
5. If I traveled somewhere, I would stay in the Translation:

most luxurious hotels.
C) type - 2 D) type - 3 10. Lisa would find the milk if she looked in the
fridge.
E) mixed type
Translation: A) type - 0 B) type - 1
E) mixed type
Translation:
11. When it rains, the grass gets wet. 16. If I had worked harder at school, I would
have a better job now.
E) mixed type
Translation:
Translation:
12. I would have a better job now if I had worked

harder at school.
A) type - 0 B) type - 1 17. I would pick my friends up in my yacht if
they wanted to spend their holidays on my
island.
E) mixed type
Translation:
E) mixed type
Translation:
13. We wouldn’t have gone to Hawaii for
vacation if we had known it was going to rain
the whole time.
C) type - 2 D) type - 3 18. The teacher gets angry if we don't work
E) mixed type hard.
Translation: A) type - 0 B) type - 1

E) mixed type
Translation:
14. If Mark had gotten the job instead of Joe, he

would be moving to Shanghai. 19. I will be very angry with you if you do not
stop smoking.
E) mixed type
Translation:
Translation:
15. If Polly doesn't have a lot of homework, she 20. If we meet at 9:30, we will have plenty of
goes out with her friends. time.
A) type - 0 B) type - 1 A) type - 0 B) type - 1
C) type - 2 D) type - 3 C) type - 2 D) type - 3
E) mixed type E) mixed type
Conditionals Questions > Introduction
1. If I ---- like a chimney the curtains ---- so 6. Had your cousin come earlier, I ---- happier.
yellow.
A) will be
A) have not been smoking / would not have got B) may be
B) did not smoke / would not get C) would have been
C) do not smoke / were not to get D) needed to be
D) had not smoked / may not be getting Translation:
Translation:
7. Had they afforded it, they ---- the house.

2. If you ---- greasy food, you ---- fat. A) would be able to buy
A) eat / will become B) had better buy
B) are eating / would become C) would have bought
C) ate / will have become D) will buy
D) were eating / became Translation:
Translation:
8. Had it not been for your cooperation, I ----

3. You ---- so tired if you ---- more. the work in time.
A) wouldn't have felt / had better sleep A) should not have finished
B) won't feel / could sleep B) will not have finished
C) couldn't have felt / slept C) must not have finished
D) wouldn't feel / had slept D) could not have finished
4. If I ---- on a lonely island, I ---- around naked

all day. 9. If he ---- his bike outside, someone ---- it.
A) lived / would run A) left / had stolen
B) live / may be running B) would leave / stole
C) have lived / could have run C) has left / would have stolen
D) will live / run D) leaves / will steal
10. My mother ---- this apartment if she ---- it was

5. If you ---- on the radio, we ---- the news.
so noisy.
A) turned / heard
A) hadn't rented / would know
B) can turn / hear
B) wouldn't have rented / had known
C) may turn / should hear
C) haven't rented / knew
D) had turned / would have heard
D) won't have rented / has known
Translation:
Translation:
11. We ---- our order if you ---- the goods by 16. She ---- hurt in the car accident if she ---- her
Friday. seat belt.
A) had cancelled / wouldn't have delivered A) would have been / hadn't worn
B) may cancel / didn't deliver B) might have been / isn't wearing
C) would cancel / haven't delivered C) would be / doesn't have to wear
D) will cancel / don't deliver D) might have been / hasn't worn
12. He ---- a better job if he ---- that exam.

17. If we ---- our grandparents, we always ---- to
A) won’t get / doesn't pass the restaurant in their street.
B) isn't getting / hasn't passed A) will visit / will go
C) wouldn't get / can't pass B) visit / go
D) hasn't got / won't pass C) have visited / had gone
Translation: D) visited / went
Translation:
13. If we ---- the tickets soon, there ---- any

tickets left.
A) can't order / hasn't been
18. I ---- your diary if you ---- it in such an
B) don't order / won't be obvious place.
C) won't order / isn't
A) can't read / don't hide
D) haven't ordered / wouldn't have been
B) may not have read / haven't hidden
Translation:
C) wouldn't have read / hadn't hidden
D) won't read / didn't hide
Translation:
14. I ---- the doctor if my stomach still ----
tomorrow.
A) could see / will hurt
19. If Philip ---- off the bicycle, he ---- at the
B) should see / hurt school in time.
C) may have seen / had hurt
A) hadn’t fallen / would have arrived
D) will see / hurts
B) didn't fall / is able to arrive
Translation:
C) shouldn't fall / would arrive
D) can't fall / would have been arriving
Translation:
15. If the weather ----, we ---- the top of the
mountain by noon.
A) didn't change / should reach

B) hasn't change / could have reached 20. We ---- if we ---- to arrive at the station on
C) doesn’t change / will have reached time.
D) won't change / can reach A) will hurry / have wanted
Translation: B) must hurry / want
C) would hurry / had wanted
D) could hurry / will want
Translation:
21. We ---- the wrong tram if you ---- the driver. 24. ---- you get another traffic ticket, your
insurance rate will increase.
A) will not have taken / asked
B) would not have taken / had asked A) Were
C) had not taken / were asking B) Should
D) would not take / has asked C) Could
Translation: D) Had
Translation:
22. They ---- longer in Paris if they ---- a cheap

hotel.
25. If you ---- careful yesterday, you ---- in
A) would stay / are finding
hospital today.
B) could have stayed / should find
C) will stay / find A) couldn't have been / have been
D) were going to stay / might have found B) would be / won't be
C) could be / might have been
Translation:
D) had been / wouldn’t be
Translation:
23. If I ---- a very hard exam tomorrow, I ---- hard

right now.
A) couldn't have / couldn't have studied
B) didn’t have / wouldn’t be studying
C) hadn't had / couldn't study
D) won't have / don't study
Translation:
Conditionals Questions > Homework
1. Had he gone to the doctor right away, he ---- 6. If he ---- very late, he ---- very tired the next
alive today. morning.
A) is going to be A) stays up / is
B) must have been B) may stay up / can be
C) could have been C) has stayed up / could be
D) will be D) will stay up / has been
2. If you ---- a little more patient, you ----. 7. ---- the negotiations to fall through, it would
bring about unforeseen problems.
A) have been / might have succeeded
B) were / will succeed A) May
C) had been / could have succeeded B) Should
D) would be / succeed C) Were
Translation: D) Could
Translation:
3. If we ---- poor quality, we ---- the leading

company in our business.
A) delivered / would not be 8. If you ---- there, you ---- a statue of the two
B) can deliver / could not have been baby boys feeding from their mother – the
wolf.
C) deliver / should not have been
D) are delivering / might not have been A) travelled / may see
Translation: B) might travel / will see
C) travel / can see
D) will travel / would see
Translation:
4. If my parents ---- shopping in the afternoon, I
---- my little sister. I had better ask them.
A) went / should have looked after
B) will go / may look after
C) had gone / would look after 9. If progress ---- expectations, he ----
D) go / must look after adjustments.
Translation: A) doesn't make / would have been able to

make
B) isn't meeting / may need to make
C) hasn't met / could have made
D) won't be meeting / has been making
5. If you ---- your teeth, you ---- cavities. Translation:
A) aren't brushing / would be getting

B) don’t brush / get
C) shouldn't brush / might get
D) couldn't brush / must get
Translation:
10. If you ---- your last exam, you ---- in May. 15. I ---- a house if I ---- the lottery last week.
A) haven't failed / would have been able to A) will be buying / could win
graduate B) was going to buy / have won
B) didn't fail / will have graduated C) would buy / had won
C) wouldn't have failed / had graduated D) would have bought / might have won
D) hadn't failed / would have graduated Translation:
Translation:
16. If I ---- that movie last week, I ---- to see it

11. If you ---- some money earlier, you ---- broke with you yesterday.
right now.
A) didn't see / will have gone
A) have saved / wouldn't have been B) haven't seen / could have gone
B) saved / aren't C) hadn't seen / would have gone
C) were saving / won't be D) wouldn't see / have gone
D) had saved / wouldn't be
Translation:
Translation:
12. She ---- to come to the party if she ---- that 17. I ---- on a trip around the world if I ---- the
her ex-boyfriend would be there. lottery.
A) might not have agreed / knew A) would go / won

B) would not have agreed / had known B) can go / will win
C) is not going to agree / could know C) could have gone / have won
D) will not have agreed / has known D) will have gone / could win
18. If it ---- tonight, we ---- a snowman tomorrow.

13. If you ---- me questions all the time, I ---- the A) is snowing / may have made
film.
B) has snowed / had made
A) have asked / could have enjoyed C) snows / will make
B) were asking / would enjoy D) had snowed / could have made
C) ask / were to enjoy Translation:
D) hadn't been asking / would have enjoyed
Translation:
19. If these walls ---- thicker, we ---- the
neighbours.
14. If they ---- early, they would never have got A) were / wouldn't hear
tickets. B) will be / don't hear
A) hadn't booked C) are / couldn't have heard
B) don't booked D) had better be / may not be hearing
C) didn't booked Translation:
D) wouldn't booked
Translation:
20. Simon ---- to London next week if he ---- a 25. If I ---- so much, I ---- to the party last night.
cheap flight.
A) haven't work / could have gone
A) will go / gets B) didn't have to work / would have gone
B) might go / got C) am not working / would go
C) would have gone / has got D) won't work / should go
D) can go / had got Translation:
Translation:
26. If you ---- to the theatre with me yesterday,

21. The baby ---- if you ---- so much noise. you ---- the play.
A) cannot sleep / had made A) had come / would have enjoyed

B) wasn't to slept / are making B) came / will have enjoyed
C) wouldn't have slept / have made C) come / will enjoy
D) won’t sleep / make D) have come / would enjoy
22. He ---- the road unless he ---- the green light.

27. The bank ---- you money if you ---- a good
A) won’t cross / sees job.
B) may not cross / had seen
A) wouldn't have lent / haven't had
C) might not cross / saw
B) hasn't lent / won't have
D) doesn't cross / will see
C) might not lend / had had
Translation:
D) won't lend / don't have
Translation:
23. The dog ---- you if it hadn't been tied up.
A) may be biting 28. I ---- to London if I ---- a cheap flight.

B) bites
A) won't be able to travel / hadn't got
C) would have bitten
B) didn't need to travel / wasn't getting
D) will have bitten
C) wouldn't have travelled / couldn't get
Translation: D) won't travel / don't get
Translation:
24. If you ---- the money that you owe me, I ----
out last night.
29. Jane didn't understand the homework, if she
A) had better return / would have gone ---- to the teacher's instruction, she ---- what
B) have returned / should have gone to do now.
C) return / were to go A) has listened / would have known
D) had returned / would have been able to go B) were listening / will have known
Translation: C) would have listened / knew
D) had listened / would know
Translation:
30. If we gave Robert another chance, he ---- the
same mistakes again.
A) will make
B) would make
C) could have made
D) makes
Translation:
1 öngörülmeyen unforeseen hear rate happy
2 sürücü, faktör stomach food buy driver

3 bilet, para cezası ticket afternoon negotiation deliver
4 talimat, öğretim instruction fall off goods afford
(sigara vs) içmek,
5 ask smoke travel listen
tütsülemek
6 borçlu olmak mountain book owe deliver
7 bağlamak see tie up soon street
8 ucuz play cheap exam book
9 bariz book still agree obvious
10 oyuk lottery fat cavity fail
11 duvar flight wall bike leading
12 geç vakitte yatmak cross wall night stay up
13 bilmek greasy change lottery know
14 kalmak hospital stay station buy
15 haber, haber programı fail stay news quality
16 gürültülü noisy cousin greasy ticket
17 yer run graduate place noisy
18 komşu fat make road neighbour
19 heykel statue wrong go out fall through
20 şişman island still fat leading
21 mutlu know road bike happy
22 yağlı naked careful greasy early
23 iptal etmek cancel cavity stay up tired
24 geri dönmek return obvious station fail
25 ilerleme leading progress lonely know
26 meteliksiz broke yellow leave naked
27 dikkatli hurry careful flight cavity
28 yanlış stomach house wrong rate
29 sınav agree theatre baby exam
30 piyango, rastlantı party job wall lottery
31 acele etmek poor hurry tram turn on
32 canlı curtain progress stomach alive
33 satın almak, kanmak island chimney cancel buy
teslim etmek, doğum
34 night snowman cousin deliver
yapmak
35 oran, ücret steal news rate poor
36 birazdan wolf weather soon bite
37 uçuş eat today statue flight
38 bulmak tie up statue job find
39 mezun olmak ask order hide graduate
40 müzakere company light greasy negotiation
41 çıplak noisy naked see hospital
42 light brush win neighbour
hafifçe dokunmak
43 fakir, yetersiz, zavallı bank poor happy tired
44 önde gelen chimney leading go out wrong
45 sigorta return cavity insurance sleep
kalmak (sınav), başarısız
46 olmak, arızalanmak, bite enjoy fail work
yüzüstü bırakmak
47 şirket, eşlik company shopping neighbour increase
48 dağ, yığın work mountain unforeseen instruction
49 ışık, ateş (çakmak vs) food light wolf night
50 perde curtain cheap exam feed
save upset deliver naked peace
win pass go give lend
ticket reach rent cancel poor
make ask tired meet leading
1 feel ---- yorgun hissetmek
2 ---- apartment apartman dairesi kiralamak
3 ---- order siparişi iptal etmek
4 ---- goods mal teslim etmek
5 ---- exam sınavı geçmek
6 ---- top zirveye ulaşmak
7 traffic ---- trafik cezası
8 ---- quality düşük kalite
9 ---- company önde gelen şirket
10 ---- shopping alışverişe çıkmak
11 ---- expectations beklentileri karşılamak
12 ---- money para biriktirmek
13 ---- question soru sormak
14 ---- the lottery piyangoyu kazanmak
15 ---- money ödünç para vermek
16 ---- chance şans vermek
17 ---- mistake hata yapmak
18 ---- eye çıplak göz
19 ---- negotiation barış müzakeresi
20 ---- stomach bozuk mide, mide fesadı
1 ---- time zamanla, vaktinde

2 ---- noon öğleye kadar
3 ---- an accident bir kazada
4 ---- time vaktinde
5 ---- the afternoon öğleden sonra
6 ---- the world dünya genelinde | dünyanın etrafında
7 obvious ---- ... için bariz / aşikar
8 cooperation ---- ... arasında iş birliği
9 steal ---- ...dan çalmak
10 ---- negotiation görüşülmekte
11 progress ---- ...ya doğru/yönünde ilerleme
12 agree ---- ... konuda anlaşmak
13 graduate ---- ...dan mezun olmak
14 ---- the road yol boyunca
15 flight ---- ...ya uçuş
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Conditionals ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Verbal
• Unit Words
• List of Verbals
• Verbal Recognition
• Verbal Questions
medal (n): madalya

Vocabulary
ancient (adj): eski mission (n): görev
athletic (adj): atletik, spora özgü month (n): ay
certain (adj): kesin, belirli muscle (n): kas, güç
early (adj): erken, başları nutrition (n): beslenme
healthy (adj): sağlıklı observation (n): gözlem
important (adj): önemli physique (n): vücut yapısı
obese (adj): obez policy (n): politika, sigorta senedi
recent (adj): son zamanlardaki precursor (n): öncü
recommended (adj): tavsiye edilen questionnaire (n): anket
reluctant (adj): isteksiz report (n): rapor
serious (adj): ciddi scissors (n): makas
single (adj): tek, bekâr sea (n): deniz
strong (adj): güçlü shore (n): kıyı
vital (adj): hayati, enerji dolu sign (n): işaret
accurately (adv): doğru bir şekilde silver (adj, n): gümüş
ability (n): yetenek skill (n): beceri
bacteria (n): bakteriler sugar (n): şeker
body (n): vücut, ceset, kütle survey (n): anket
bone (n): kemik task (n): görev
cancer (n): kanser temperature (n): sıcaklık
career (n): kariyer several (q): birkaç
cause (n): sebep, amaç achieve (v): başarmak
championship (n): şampiyonluk admit (v): kabul etmek, içeri almak
climax (n): doruk noktası advise (v): tavsiye vermek
coal (n): kömür allow (v): izin vermek, olanak sağlamak
ecology (n): çevrebilim alter (v): değiştirmek
gang (n): çete begin (v): başlamak
government (n): hükûmet believe (v): inanmak
grammar school (n): ilköğretim okulu conduct (v): yapmak, iletmek (elektrik, ısı),
yönetmek (orkestra vb.)
heredity (n): kalıtım
continue (v): devam etmek
human (n): insan
control (v): kontrol etmek
job (n): iş
determine (v): belirlemek, karar vermek
kid (n): çocuk, oğlak
follow (v): takip etmek, anlamak
life (n): hayat
grow (v): büyümek
look (n): bakış, görünüş
involve (v): içermek, gerektirmek
lung (n): akciğer
launch (v): başlatmak, göndermek
measure (v): ölçmek Czech (n): Çek
need (v): ihtiyaç duymak department (n): bölüm
originate (v): kaynaklanmak difficulty (n): zorluk
power (v): güç sağlamak driver (n): sürücü, faktör

research (v): araştırmak education (n): eğitim
say (v): söylemek Egyptian (n): Mısırlı
see (v): görmek, anlamak, ziyaret etmek equipment (n): teçhizat

travel (v): seyahat etmek, yol almak exhibit (n): sergilenen şey, sunulan delil
use (v): kullanmak experience (n): tecrübe
walk (v): yürümek facility (n): tesis, beceri

win (v): kazanmak goal (n): hedef, gol
work (v): çalışmak, işe yaramak gold (adj, n): altın
plan (v): planlamak hockey (n): çim hokeyi, buz hokeyi

particular (adj): özel, titiz lake (n): göl
shut down (pv): kapatmak leadership (n): liderlik
a series of (q): bir dizi ... library (n): kütüphane

achievable (adj): yapılabilir location (n): konum
anxious (adj): endişeli, çok istekli manager (n): yönetici

current (adj): güncel member (n): üye
damaged (adj): hasarlı money (n): para
Finnish (adj): Finlandiya'yla ilgili, nation (n): ulus, kavim

Finlandiyalı
noise (n): gürültü
hard (adj): zor, katı, sıkı (çalışmak vs)
operation (n): ameliyat, operasyon,
impressive (adj): etkileyici işletme
necessary (adj): gerekli opportunity (n): fırsat
primary (adj): başlıca, ilkokul, ilk pancreas (n): pankreas
sensitive (adj): hassas patient (n): hasta

special (adj): özel recovery (n): iyileşme
heavily (adv): yoğun şekilde responsibility (n): sorumluluk
highly (adv): hayli, yüksek mevkili scientist (n): bilim insanı
area (n): bölge, yüz ölçümü security (n): güvenlik, güvence

astronomer (n): gök bilimci skin (n): deri, kabuk
black hole (n): kara delik smoking (n): sigara içme

border (n): sınır, şerit sound (n): ses
cat (n): kedi success (n): başarı
cell (n): hücre, küçük oda team (n): takım

company (n): şirket, eşlik time (n): zaman, kat
country (n): ülke, taşra tooth (n): diş

crocodile (n): timsah treatment (n): tedavi, muamele
vehicle (n): taşıt air conditioning (n): klima
vision (n): düş, görme yeteneği autumn (n): sonbahar

water (n): su beetle (n): böcek
avoid (v): kaçınmak belt (n): kemer
describe (v): tasvir etmek camouflage (n): kamuflaj
develop (v): gelişmek, ortaya çıkmak case (n): durum, vaka, kap
establish (v): kurmak, belirlemek comment (n): yorum
give (v): vermek delay (n): erteleme
help (v): yardım etmek director (n): yönetici, yönetmen

hit (v): vurmak disease (n): hastalık
identify (v): tespit etmek dress (n): elbise
irrigate (v): sulamak drug (n): ilaç, uyuşturucu

maintain (v): devam ettirmek, bakım form (n): form, biçim
yapmak, iddia etmek
law (n): hukuk, kanun
manage (v): yönetmek, başarmak
material (n): madde
almak meal (n): öğün
reduce (v): azaltmak organization (n): kurum, organizasyon
replace (v): değiştirmek, yerine koymak police station (n): polis karakolu
require (v): gerektirmek predator (n): yırtıcı hayvan
show (v): göstermek seat (n): oturacak yer
study (v): çalışmak (ders), incelemek severity (n): ciddiyet, sertlik
think (v): düşünmek species (n): tür (canlı)
vary (v): çeşitlilik göstermek station (n): istasyon, vaziyet
worship (v): tapmak strategy (n): strateji
depend on (pv): bağlı olmak, güvenmek study (n): araştırma, çalışma
kill off (pv): yok etmek, hepsini içmek thief (n): hırsız
look at (pv): gözden geçirmek, ele almak, train (n): tren

muayene etmek
trial (n): duruşma, deneme
clinical (adj): klinikle ilgili
tumour (n): tümör
known (adj): bilinen
approve (v): onaylamak
local (adj): yerel
attack (v): saldırmak, eleştirmek
overdue (adj): gecikmeli
attend (v): katılmak, dikkatini vermek
regular (adj): düzenli
catch (v): yakalamak
right (adj): doğru, sağ, uygun
choose (v): seçmek
seasonal (adj): mevsimsel
claim (v): iddia etmek, talep etmek, canını
sorry (adj): üzgün almak
unemployed (adj): işsiz create (v): yaratmak
eventually (adv): sonunda decide (v): karar vermek
first (adj, adv): ilk eat (v): yemek
enjoy (v): hoşlanmak, keyfini sürmek bribe (n): rüşvet
exercise (v): egzersiz yapmak, kullanmak ceremony (n): tören
find (v): bulmak childhood (n): çocukluk
forbid (v): yasaklamak citizen (n): vatandaş
inform (v): bilgilendirmek customer (n): müşteri

land (v): iniş yapmak damage (n): hasar
leave (v): ayrılmak, bırakmak death (n): ölüm
mean (v): anlamına gelmek, kastetmek door (n): kapı

neglect (v): ihmal etmek employee (n): çalışan
nominate (v): aday göstermek energy (n): enerji

quit (v): pes etmek hand (n): el
regret (v): pişman olmak home (n): ev, yurt
risk (v): riske atmak idea (n): fikir

sack (v): kovmak infection (n): enfeksiyon
sit (v): oturmak, sınava girmek instrument (n): çalgı, alet, doküman
steal (v): çalmak island (n): ada
stop (v): durmak, engellemek meeting (n): toplantı
try (v): ... yapmaya çalışmak, denemek, method (n): yöntem

yargılamak
mosquito (n): sivrisinek
motorist (n): otomobil sürücüsü
such as (pp): ... gibi
nerve (n): sinir, cesaret
after (conj, prep): ...dan sonra
politician (n): siyasetçi
focus on (pv): odaklanmak
problem (n): sorun
go through (pv): geçirmek, göz atmak,
pratik yapmak, kabul edilmek product (n): ürün, çarpım, bileşke
because (conj, trans): ...dığı için, çünkü production (n): üretim, yapım
late (adv): geç researcher (n): araştırmacı
accurate (adj): doğru say (n): söz hakkı
busy (adj): meşgul, işlek shower (n): duş, sağanak
difficult (adj): zor sky (n): gökyüzü
great (adj): büyük, mükemmel smoker (n): sigara içen
insulting (adj): aşağılayıcı sportsman (n): sportmen, sporcu
open (adj): açık student (n): öğrenci
passing (adj): geçen tea (n): çay
approximately (adv): yaklaşık olarak tobacco (n): tütün
quickly (adv): hızlıca word (n): kelime
but (trans): ama concerning (prep): … ile ilgili
activity (n): aktivite appear (v): ortaya çıkmak, ... gibi

görünmek
actress (n): oyuncu (kadın)
appreciate (v): takdir etmek, farkına
advertiser (n): reklam şirketi varmak
become (v): olmak bank robbery : banka soygunu
bite (v): ısırmak win medal : madalya kazanmak
cause (v): sebep olmak make sth impossible : bir şeyi imkânsız
hale getirmek
collect (v): toplamak, koleksiyon yapmak,
gidip almak nearly impossible : neredeyse imkânsız
deny (v): inkar etmek, izin vermemek bright light : parlak ışık
deserve (v): hak etmek launch mission : roket fırlatmak
fire (v): ateş etmek, kovmak healthy lifestyle : sağlıklı yaşam tarzı
form (v): oluşmak, şekil vermek natural way : doğal yol

increase (v): artmak high level : yüksek düzey
kill (v): öldürmek make movement : hareket yapmak
know (v): bilmek bodily movement : bedensel hareket

meet (v): buluşmak, tanışmak, gidermek high risk : yüksek risk
move (v): hareket etmek, taşınmak, health problem : sağlık sorunu

duygulandırmak
develop problem : problem
observe (v): gözlemlemek, uymak (kural gelişmek/oluşmak
vb.)
cure disease : hastalığı tedavi etmek
refuse (v): reddetmek
achievable goal : ulaşılabilir hedef
remember (v): hatırlamak
set a goal : bir hedef koymak
serve (v): hizmet etmek, görev yapmak, işe
yaramak rely heavily on : büyük ölçüde ...ya
güvenmek
speak (v): konuşmak
make recovery : iyileşmek, iyileşme
start (v): başlamak, (iş) kurmak, (araç) göstermek
çalıştırmak
primary responsibility : temel sorumluluk
tell (v): söylemek
have difficulty doing sth : bir şeyi
want (v): istemek, gerekmek yapmada zorluk çekmek
warn (v): uyarmak reduce a risk : riski azaltmak
in spite of (pp): ...e rağmen spend day : gününü geçirmek
night after night (phr): her gece, her native people : yerli halk
akşam
effective leadership : etkili liderlik
go on (pv): devam etmek
highly sensitive : hayli hassas
break down (pv): bozulmak, parçalamak,
kendini tutamayıp ağlamak sensitive equipment : hassas ekipman
look forward to (pv): dört gözle beklemek develop cancer : kansere yakalanmak
look into (pv): incelemek lung cancer : akciğer kanseri

risk factor : risk faktörü
Collocations
significant factor : önemli etken
cell wall : hücre duvarı/çeperi
oral medication : ağızdan alınan ilaç
vital sign : yaşamsal belirti
have problem : sorun yaşamak, sorunu
go for walk : yürüyüşe çıkmak olmak
significant role : önemli rol law may forbid : yasa yasaklayabilir
grow strong : güçlenmek wear seat belt : emniyet kemeri takmak
commit robbery : soygun yapmak create job : istihdam yaratmak
win award : ödül kazanmak important to : …için önemli
primary goal : başlıca hedef in the morning : sabahleyin

drunk driving : alkollü araç kullanma cause of : …nın sebebi
healthy food : sağlıklı yiyecek play role in sth : bir şeyde rol oynamak
successful attempt : başarılı girişim mission to : ...ya yapılan görev

manned spacecraft : insanlı uzay aracı originate in : ...da ortaya çıkmak
steal car : araba çalmak at risk : tehlikede, riskte
annual fair : yıllık fuar around the world : dünya genelinde |

dünyanın etrafında
eat food : yemek yemek
in the museum : müzede
use product : ürün kullanmak
wait for : …yı beklemek
write essay : deneme yazmak
complain about : …konusunda şikayet
take a bribe : rüşvet almak etmek
increase production : üretimi arttırmak in a row : üst üste, art arda
wide scale : geniş ölçek on the moon : ayda
old woman : yaşlı kadın inform of : …hakkında bilgilendirmek
lose job : işini kaybetmek on the highway : otoyolda
academic year : akademik yıl be ashamed of : …dan utanmak
listen to music : müzik dinlemek on a ... scale : ... ölçekte/ölçüde
listen to news : haberleri dinlemek important for : …için önemli
depressive episode : depresif nöbet / atak in the restaurant : restoranda
cause loss : kayba sebep olmak anxiety about : ...hakkında endişe
arrange meeting : toplantı düzenlemek in public : herkesin içinde, alenen
remove stain : leke çıkarmak talk about : ... hakkında konuşmak
do damage : zarar vermek tell about : ...yı anlatmak
long-term health : uzun süreli sağlık during an episode : bir nöbet / atak
sırasında
answer question : soruyu cevaplamak
interest in : …ya ilgi
private life : özel hayat
remove from : ...den kaldırmak/çıkarmak
give chance : şans vermek
work with : ... ile çalışmak
develop industry : sanayi geliştirmek
damage to : …ya hasar
Prepositions
prevent sb from doing sth : birinin
...yapmasını önlemek, engellemek
List of Verbals > Gerund
GERUND KULLANIM YERLERİ

Zaman Farkı Active Passive
Yok Ving being V3
Var having V3 having been V3
1) Cümlede özne görevinde kullanılabilir.
Dealing with stress and anxiety is one of the most

difficult aspects in modern society.
Even after many years of use, quitting the use of

tobacco significantly reduces the risk of oral cancer.
Protecting civil rights can be one of the most

important functions of the government.
2) Başka bir fiilin nesnesi olarak kullanılabilir.

Bu fiillerin listesini "verb + gerund" bölümünde bulabilirsiniz.
The athlete emphatically denied having taken any

performance-enhancing drugs.
The alloy began being produced by a variety of

competitors.
California does not permit smoking in restaurants.
3) Preposition'dan sonra kullanılabilir. "preposition + gerund"
We had difficulty in understanding her accent.
There are various reasons for being pessimistic about

the future of mankind.
Most of the 15-month-old children are able to walk

without holding on to anything.
4) Gerund, "...erek, ...arak" şeklinde çevrilebilir.
The weather will be returning to normal seasonal

temperatures starting tomorrow.
Algae can survive from few days to few years,

depending on the species.
Tornadoes travel quickly over the land causing a great

deal of destruction.
List of Verbals > Infinitive
INFINITIVE KULLANIM YERLERİ

Zaman Farkı Active Passive
Yok to V1 to be V3
Var to have V3 to have been V3
1) Cümlede özne görevinde kullanılabilir. Bu durumda gerund ve infinitive birbirine eşittir. Ama özne olarak
daha çok gerund kullanılır.
To speak five languages well is an advantage in

marketing.
To travel abroad is always exciting for many people.
To have a bicycle was important for the little boy.
2) Başka bir fiilin nesnesi olarak kullanılabilir.
- verb + infinitive
Bu fiillerin listesini "verb + infinitive" bölümünde bulabilirsiniz.
The detective promised to look into the matter right

away.
The company aims to raise its production by tenfold

by the end of this year.
The government plans to reduce the budget of all the

ministries at a certain level.
- verb + object + infinitive

Bu fiillerin listesini "verb + object + infinitive" bölümünde bulabilirsiniz.
Electric lights allowed factories to stay open longer

and produce more goods.
Extreme rain could cause the river to flood the city.
Ethnic cleansing forced many locals to flee the area

during the 1990s.
3) Infinitive, …mek için (amaç) şeklinde çevrilebilir.
He didn't have any evidence to back up his

accusations.
Several newspapers have launched a campaign to

raise money for the flood victims.
The chairman resigned to make way for a younger

man.
4) Sıfatlardan sonra infinitive kullanılabilir.
An operation is not necessary to cure the disease in

the stomach of this patient.
In today’s society, it is very difficult to give an exact
definition of the word art.
The students are afraid to speak out.
5) Bazı isimlerden sonra infinitive gelebilir.

Bu isimlerin listesini "noun + infinitive" bölümünde bulabilirsiniz.
The desire to complete the project makes success

more likely.
The only way to achieve an enjoyable and

comfortable life is to work for it.
The human brain has an astonishing ability to adapt

and change even at an old age.
6) Passive fiilden sonra infinitive gelebilir.
The modern game of football is generally accepted to

have originated in England.
Galileo's blindness is believed to have been the result

of him looking directly at the Sun with his telescope.
The patient has been told to quit drinking wine.
List of Verbals > Verb + Gerund
abhor doing sth bş yapmaktan nefret etmek
acknowledge doing sth bş yaptığını kabul etmek
admit doing sth bş yaptığını itiraf | kabul etmek
advise doing sth bş yapmayı tavsiye etmek
anticipate doing sth bş yapmayı beklemek | ummak
appreciate doing sth bş yapmayı takdirle karşılamak
worth doing sth bş yapmaya değmek
avoid doing sth bş yapmaktan kaçınmak
complete doing sth bş yapmayı bitirmek
celebrate doing sth bş yapmayı kutlamak
defer doing sth bş yapmayı ertelemek
confess doing sth bş yaptığını itiraf etmek
consider doing sth bş yapmayı düşünmek
discontinue doing sth bş yapmayı bırakmak
delay doing sth bş yapmayı ertelemek | geciktirmek
deny doing sth bş yaptığını inkâr etmek
detest doing sth bş yapmaktan nefret etmek
discuss doing sth bş yapmayı tartışmak
dispute doing sth bş yapmayı tartışmak
endure doing sth bş yapmaya dayanmak | tahammül etmek
entail doing sth bş yapmayı gerektirmek
enjoy doing sth bş yapmaktan hoşlanmak | eğlenmek
escape doing sth bş yapmaktan kaçmak
evade doing sth bş yapmaktan kurtulmak
fear doing sth bş yapmaktan korkmak
feel like doing sth canı bş yapmak istemek
finish doing sth bş yapmayı bitirmek
give up doing sth bş yapmayı bırakmak
keep doing sth bş yapmaya devam etmek | bş yapıp durmak
mention doing sth bş yapmaktan bahsetmek
mind doing sth bşin yapılmasına karşı çıkmak
miss doing sth bş yapmayı özlemek
postpone doing sth bş yapmayı ertelemek
prevent doing sth bş yapmayı engellemek
permit doing sth bş yapmaya izin vermek
put off doing sth bş yapmayı ertelemek
recall doing sth bş yaptığını hatırlamak
recollect doing sth bş yaptığını hatırlamak
recommend doing sth bş yapmayı tavsiye etmek
report doing sth bş yaptığını söylemek
resume doing sth bş yapmaya devam etmek
resent doing sth bş yapmaktan gücenmek
resist doing sth bş yapmaya direnmek
risk doing sth bş yapmayı riske atmak
support doing sth bş yapmayı desteklemek
suggest doing sth bş yapmayı önermek
tolerate doing sth bş yapmaya tahammül etmek
understand doing sth bş yapmayı anlamak
spend time doing sth bş yapmakla vakit geçirmek
waste time doing sth bş yapmakla vakit israf etmek
justify doing sth bş yapmayı haklı çıkartmak
be accustomed to doing sth bş yapmaya alışkın olmak
be used to doing sth bş yapmaya alışkın olmak
look forward to doing sth bş yapmayı dört gözle beklemek
be opposed to doing sth bş yapmaya karşı çıkmak
object to doing sth bş yapmaya itiraz etmek
have an objection to doing sth bş yapmaya itirazı olmak
prefer sth to doing sth doing sth bşi, bş yapmaya tercih etmek
devote to doing sth bş yapmaya adamak
dedicate to doing sth bş yapmaya adamak
commit to doing sth bş yapmaya adamak
in addition to doing sth bş yapmaya ek olarak
resort to doing sth bş yapmaya başvurmak
obliged to doing sth bş yapmak zorunda olmak
refer to doing sth bş yapmak anlamına gelmez
it’s no use doing sth bş yapmamın yararı yok
it is no good doing sth bş yapmamın yararı yok
it is not worth doing sth bş yapmaya değmez
there is no point in doing sth bş yapmanın anlamı yok
it is a waste of time doing sth bş yapmak zaman kaybıdır
busy doing sth bş yapmakla meşgul
difficulty doing sth bş yapmakta güçlük | zorluk
have fun doing sth bş yaparken eğlenmek
have a good time doing sth bş yaparken hoş vakit geçirmek
sth= something
bş = bir şey
List of Verbals > Verb + Infinitive
afford to do sth bş yapmaya parası yetmek
agree to do sth bş yapmaya razı olmak
appear to do sth bş yapıyormuş gibi görünmek
attempt to do sth bş yapmaya teşebbüs etmek
ask to do sth bş yapmayı istemek
beg to do sth bş yapmak için yalvarmak
care to do sth bş yapmayı umursamak
claim to do sth bş yapmayı iddia etmek
consent to do sth bş yapmaya razı olmak
dare to do sth bş yapmaya cesaret etmek
decide to do sth bş yapmaya karar vermek
demand to do sth bş yapmayı talep etmek
deserve to do sth bş yapmayı hak etmek
expect to do sth bş yapmayı ummak | beklemek
fail to do sth bş yapamamak | bş yapmada başarısız olmak
hesitate to do sth bş yapmada tereddüt etmek
hope to do sth bş yapmayı ummak | beklemek
learn to do sth bş yapmayı öğrenmek
manage to do sth bş yapmayı başarmak
mean to do sth bş yapmayı kast etmek
neglect to do sth bş yapmayı ihmal etmek
offer to do sth bş yapmayı teklif etmek
plan to do sth bş yapmayı planlamak
prepare to do sth bş yapmaya hazırlanmak
pretend to do sth bş yapıyormuş gibi görünmek | taslamak
promise to do sth bş yapmaya söz vermek
refuse to do sth bş yapmayı reddetmek
seem to do sth bş yapıyormuş gibi görünmek
struggle to do sth bş yapmaya çalışmak
swear to do sth bş yapmaya yemin etmek
strive to do sth bş yapmaya çalışmak
threaten to do sth bş yapmakla tehdit etmek
volunteer to do sth bş yapmaya gönüllü olmak
wait to do sth bş yapmayı beklemek
want to do sth bş yapmak istemek
wish to do sth bş yapmak istemek
endeavour to do sth bş yapmaya çalışmak
sth= something
bş = bir şey
List of Verbals > Verb + Object + Infinitive
advise sb to do sth birine bş yapmasını tavsiye etmek
allow sb to do sth birinin bş yapmasına izin vermek
ask sb to do sth birinden bş yapmasını istemek
beg sb to do sth birine bş yapması için yalvarmak
bring sb to do sth birini bş yapması için getirmek
build sth to do sth bş yapmak için bş inşa etmek
cause sb | sth to do sth bşin | birinin bş yapmasına neden olmak
challenge sb to do sth birini bş yapmada kafa tutmak
command sb to do sth birine bş yapmasını emretmek
choose sb to do sth birini bş yapmak için seçmek
convince sb to do sth birini bş yapması için ikna etmek
direct sb to do sth birini bş yapmaya yönlendirmek
encourage sb to do sth birini bş yapmaya teşvik etmek | cesaretlendirmek
expect sb to do sth birinin bş yapmasını ummak | beklemek
forbid sb to do sth birinin bş yapmasını yasaklamak
force sb to do sth birini bş yapmaya zorlamak
hire sb to do sth birini bş yaptırmak için işe almak
instruct sb to do sth birine bş yapması için talimat vermek
invite sb to do sth birini bş yapmaya davet etmek
lead sb to do sth birini bş yapmaya yönlendirmek
need sb to do sth bş yapmak için birine ihtiyaç duymak
order sb to do sth birinin bş yapmasını emretmek
permit sb to do sth birinin bş yapmasına izin vermek
prepare sb to do sth birini bş yapmak için hazırlamak
persuade sb to do sth birini bş yapmaya ikna etmek
remind sb to do sth birinin bş yapmasını hatırlatmak
require sb to do sth birinin bş yapmasını gerektirmek
send sb to do sth birini bş yapmaya göndermek
pay sb to do sth birine bş yapması için para vermek
teach sb to do sth birine bş yapmayı öğretmek
tell sb to do sth birine bş yapmasını söylemek
urge sb to do sth birini bş yapmaya zorlamak
want sb to do sth birinden bş yapmasını istemek
warn sb to do sth birinin bş yapması için uyarmak
enable sb to do sth birinin bş yapmasına olanak sağlamak
motivate sb to do sth birini bş yapmaya motive etmek
help sb to do sth birinden bş yapmasını istemek
help sb do sth birinden bş yapmasını istemek
let sb do sth birinin bş yapması için uyarmak
sth = something
sb = somebody
bş = bir şey
List of Verbals > Noun + Infinitive
ability to do sth bş yapma yeteneği
inability to do sth bş yapamama
determination to do sth bş yapma azmi
ambition to do sth bş yapma hırsı
anxiety to do sth bş yapma heyecanı | endişesi
attempt to do sth bş yapma girişimi
decision to do sth bş yapma kararı
demand to do sth bş yapma talebi
desire to do sth bş yapma arzusu
eagerness to do sth bş yapma istekliliği
effort to do sth bş yapma çabası
failure to do sth bş yapmada başarısızlık | bş yapamama
offer to do sth bş yapma teklifi
opportunity to do sth bş yapma fırsatı
permission to do sth bş yapma izni
plan to do sth bş yapma planı
promise to do sth bş yapma sözü
refusal to do sth bşi yapmayı reddetme
request to do sth bş yapma isteği
right to do sth bş yapma hakkı
scheme to do sth bş yapma planı
willingness to do sth bş yapma istekliliği
wish to do sth bş yapma dileği
sth = something
bş = bir şey
Verbal Recognition > Introduction
Verbal Gerund/Infinitive Active/Passive Zaman Farkı Var/Yok
to be organized infinitive passive yok
having cleared gerund active var
checking
having
to have been typed
to be multiplied
to have been harmed
to have been banned
to have dismissed
to be
having been delivered
having apologized
to be advocated
to close
having distributed
being declined
being glued
to be determined
to have chosen
being
having been denied
having scanned
having been blocked
being ground
to forgive
to ruin
to be put
to record
to have doubted
roasting
to ask
rotting
finding
having been tried
to be
to suffer
to have
being assembled
improving
inspecting
having been defeated
to stabilize
passing out
to malfunction
being annoyed
having objected
to have been damaged
looking after
to have been demolished
to have achieved
Verbal Recognition > Homework
Verbal Gerund/Infinitive Active/Passive Zaman Farkı Var/Yok
to get
putting through
being edited
to have gazed
having
to have attained
having tripled
to be unlocked
to have been evaluated
to have claimed
having been handed
to be included
to be
to gain
having backfired
to behave
patenting
to be revised
to have been proclaimed
to succeed
compressing
to have exerted
being bartered
having proposed
to have astounded
being
to have
to obtain
doing away with
to be met
having been contacted
bumping
having prevented
having doubled
to be applied
to land
to have been bought
becoming
to accomplish
to massacre
invading
enhancing
being created
having been wiped
to have been turned
having been handled
having relaxed
being matched
being demonstrated
to have been delivered
1: The government is reluctant to alter its economic 8: Kids' bodies need nutrition to grow strong healthy
policy. bones and muscles.
TR: TR:
2: Penicillin works by preventing bacteria from

making cell walls. 9: The gang admitted having committed four recent
TR: bank robberies.
TR:
3: Body temperature is a vital sign and it is

important to measure it accurately. 10: Winning the silver medal at the World
TR: Championships was the climax of his athletic
career.
TR:
4: The job involves travelling to Japan once a

month.
TR:
11: The British government plans to shut down all
coal-powered power stations by 2025.
TR:
5: To go for walk early in the morning is advised by

the doctors.
TR:
12: The bright light of the Sun makes it nearly

impossible to see Mercury.
TR:
6: Smoking is said to be the single biggest cause of
lung cancer.
TR:
13: Early in the 1800's women were not allowed to

continue school after grammar school.
7: Heredity plays a significant role in determining TR:
our looks and physiques.
TR:
14: Starting in 2011, NASA will launch the new 18: In 1953 she began researching the ecology and
series of human precursor missions to Mars. sea life of the Atlantic shore.
TR: TR:
19: Motor skills are the ability to make particular

15: Following healthy lifestyle is the best bodily movements to achieve certain tasks.
recommended natural way to control high sugar TR:
level.
TR:
20: Obese children are at high risk of developing

several serious health problems.
16: Scissors are believed to have originated in TR:
ancient Egypt.
TR:
17: Research can be conducted using surveys,

reports, observation, questionnaires.
TR:
1: An operation is not necessary to cure the disease 8: The water in Lake Powell is used to irrigate the
in the stomach of the patient. area.
TR: TR:
9: Guarding the country's border is the primary

responsibility of a government.
2: Cats are thought to have been worshipped by TR:
some ancient Egyptians.
TR:
10: She had difficulty studying with all the noise in

the library.
3: Cancer of the pancreas is very hard to control TR:
with current treatments.
TR:
11: Salaries vary depending on experience,

education, facility, and location.
4: Success relies heavily on a manager's ability to TR:
set achievable goals.
TR:
12: Astronomers will have many opportunities to

study black holes.
5: To travel around the world requires a lot of time TR:
and money.
TR:
13: Coffee has been shown to reduce the risk of

skin cancer by helping kill off damaged cells.
6: The nation continues to make an impressive TR:
recovery.
TR:
7: The Finnish hockey team is anxious to play the

Czechs for the gold medal.
TR:
14: We spent the day looking at the exhibits of the 18: Using highly sensitive equipment, scientists
native people in the museum. were able to establish the sounds of toothed
TR: whales.
TR:
15: The company has developed a special system

to maintain security in all of its departments.
TR:
19: Smoking is identified as the most significant risk
factor for developing lung cancer.
TR:
16: A crocodile has an ability to grow new teeth to

replace the old teeth.
TR:
20: The driver managed to avoid hitting any other
vehicles.
TR:
17: Effective leadership can be described as giving

a vision to the team members.
TR:
Verbal Questions > Introduction
1. Oral medications may be used ---- eczema, -- 6. The drug must go through clinical trials
-- on the severity of the patient's case. before ---- .
A) being controlled / to depend A) to approve
B) controlling / being depended B) having been approved
C) to control / depending C) to be approved
D) to have controlled / having depended D) being approved
7. We should eat regular meals and try ----

ways of ---- more.
2. We spent the whole day ---- in the train
station ---- for the overdue train. A) to be found / being exercised
A) to sit / having waited B) to have found / exercised
B) having sat / waited C) finding / having exercised
C) sitting / waiting D) to find / exercising
D) sat / to wait Translation:
Translation:
8. William regrets ---- his studies in his school

days.
3. We're having problems ---- the right material A) to neglect
for you dress.
B) having neglected
A) to find C) being neglected
B) finding D) neglect
C) having found Translation:
D) to be found
Translation:
9. Beth quit ---- about being unemployed and

decided ---- her own job.
4. Mary claims ---- for her comments. A) to be complained / creating

B) having complained / to be created
A) having been sacked
C) to complain / having been created
B) to sack
D) complaining / to create
C) being sacked
D) to have been sacked Translation:
Translation:
5. The law forbids ---- without ---- a seat belt. 10. To avoid ---- by predators, beetle species
have many strategies such as camouflage.
A) to travel / wearing
A) attacked
B) travel / having worn
B) attacking
C) travelling / wearing
C) being attacked
D) being travelled / being worn
D) to attack
Translation:
Translation:
11. The first known form of air conditioning is 16. Apollo 2 was the second successful attempt
said ---- in Ancient Rome. ---- a manned spacecraft on the Moon.
A) to have developed A) to be landing
B) to have been developed B) to land
C) to be developping C) having been landed
D) having been developed D) landing
12. The director eventually won the award after -

17. The thief admitted ---- the car at the police
--- for 9 years in a row.
station.
A) nominating
A) to have stolen
B) being nominated
B) stolen
C) having nominated
C) to steal
D) to be nominated
D) having stolen
Translation:
Translation:
13. The primary goal of the organization is ---- all 18. I am sorry ---- you of the delay.
drunk driving. A) to have informed
A) to be stopped B) informing
B) having stopped C) to inform
C) to stop D) informed
D) being stopped Translation:
Translation:
19. They got to the train station too late ---- the
train, so they ---- tomorrow.
14. We can avoid ---- such diseases by choosing A) to be caught / would leave
---- healthy food. B) catching / will have left
A) risked / eaten C) having caught / will be leaving
B) to have risked / eating D) to catch / will have to leave
C) risking / to eat Translation:
D) to risk / to be eaten
Translation:
20. Sarah always enjoyed ---- the annual autumn

fair because it meant ---- local seasonal food.
15. Some doctors have focused on ----
radiosurgery and chemotherapy ---- some A) having attended / to eat
tumours. B) attending / eating
C) to attend / having eaten
A) to use / to have controlled
D) attending / to eat
B) using / to control
C) being used / to be controlled Translation:
D) use / controlling
Translation:
Verbal Questions > Homework
1. ---- tobacco products increase smoker's 6. The law forbids any citizen ---- without
deaths. wearing a seat belt.
A) Using A) travel
B) Having used B) to travel
C) To be used C) travelled
D) Being used D) travelling
2. ---- writing good essays, you have to begin

by ---- ideas. 7. ---- your risk of infection, you should avoid --
-- by an Aedes mosquito.
A) To have started / collected
A) Reducing / to bite
B) Starting / having collected
B) Having reduced / biting
C) Having started / being collected
C) To reduce / being bitten
D) To start / collecting
D) To have reduced / bite
Translation:
Translation:
3. After his insulting comments, I thought Jack

deserved ----. 8. Researchers have begun ---- into methods ---
A) being fired - the production on a wider scale.
B) firing A) looking / to increase
C) to be fired B) to look / having been increased
D) having fired C) having looked / to be increased
Translation: D) to be looking / increase
Translation:
4. A passing motorist stopped ---- when our car

broke down on the highway.
A) having helped 9. The thief denied ---- the old woman in her
home.
B) helping
C) to help A) having killed
D) help B) killed
Translation: C) to kill
D) being killed
Translation:
5. The politician was not ashamed ---- bribes.

10. ---- quickly is important for customers in a
A) to take
restaurant.
B) of being taken
C) to have taken A) To serve
D) of having taken B) Having served
Translation: C) Served
D) Being served
Translation:
11. Her anxiety about ---- in public caused her --- 16. During a depressive episode, people often
- the job. report ---- energy and interest in activities.
A) having spoken / to being lost A) to have been reduced
B) speaking / to lose B) to have reduced
C) being spoken / losing C) having reduced
D) spoken / to having lost D) having been reduced
12. The students were looking forward to ---- the

academic year.
17. Nerve damage ---- a loss of feeling or the
A) start loss of ability ---- the hand.
B) starting A) is caused / being moved
C) having started B) can cause / to move
D) being started C) causes / having moved
Translation: D) has caused / moved
Translation:
13. John stopped ---- about his success and

went on ---- me about his problems.
18. The door appears ---- open all night.
A) having talked / telling
B) to talk / having told A) being left
C) talk / to be told B) to have been left
D) talking / to tell C) to leave
Translation: D) having left
Translation:
19. We tried ---- a meeting last Friday but

14. Joan ---- a great actress in spite of ---- a everyone was busy.
difficult childhood.
A) to arrange
A) would have become / having
B) arranging
B) became / having had
C) arrange
C) will become / have
D) to be arranged
D) becomes / has
Translation:
Translation:
20. I tried ---- the stain from my shirt, but it didn’t

15. Some people would like ---- to music or news work.
in the shower.
A) to remove
A) listening B) removing
B) to have listened C) remove
C) to listen D) being removed
D) listen Translation:
Translation:
21. I appreciate ---- the opportunity to work with 26. We are given a chance ---- and meet each
you. other.
A) to have A) know
B) having had B) to know
C) to have had C) knowing
D) had D) knew
22. ---- can do a lot of damage to your long-term 27. All of the employees should be told ---- the
health. meeting.
A) Having smoked A) to attend

B) To have smoked B) having attended
C) Being smoked C) attend
D) Smoking D) attending
23. He observed the sky night after night ---- the 28. Sam warned me not ---- anything during the
most accurate instruments. tea ceremony, so I ---- a word.
A) to use A) having said / cannot say

B) to have used B) to say / didn't say
C) using C) to be said / couldn't say
D) being used D) saying / won't say
24. The sportsman refused ---- questions 29. The government is trying ---- new industries.
concerning his private life.
A) to develop
A) answering B) developing
B) having answered C) develop
C) answer D) to be developed
D) to answer Translation:
Translation:
30. Komodo Island is believed ---- approximately

1 million years ago.
25. Advertisers want their products ----.
A) to have been formed
A) to be remembered B) to have formed
B) remembering C) to form
C) having been remembered D) having been formed
D) remembered Translation:
Translation:
1 makas look forward to scissors irrigate station
2 zorluk difficulty energy medal championship

3 yerel local form hockey worship
4 kaynaklanmak originate begin reluctant appear
5 ısırmak researcher control meeting bite
hoşlanmak, keyfini
6 member enjoy hard smoking
sürmek
7 öncü see precursor tea clinical
8 akciğer form lung wear cat
9 pişman olmak concerning opportunity regret pancreas
10 oluşmak, şekil vermek form particular deny vision
11 duş, sağanak medal say tumour shower
12 tasvir etmek describe speak comment money
13 anket maintain attack questionnaire manage
14 dört gözle beklemek play belt look forward to meal
15 çete gang seat border tooth
16 içermek, gerektirmek appreciate water involve plan
17 kömür coal tumour work fire
18 tespit etmek see develop exercise identify
19 bilgilendirmek student inform team hard
20 yetenek first ability require important
21 sağlıklı advise increase healthy after
22 ada island mean area steal
23 yorum comment athletic exercise refuse
24 yapılabilir describe accurately determine achievable
25 gürültü noise sportsman decide heavily
26 anket kid achievable launch survey
gözlemlemek, uymak
27 observe shore company bacteria
(kural vb.)
28 ölçmek measure questionnaire childhood idea
29 noise astronomer maintain physique
yapmak, iddia etmek
30 tavsiye vermek hand advise word responsibility
31 hükûmet student home wear government
32 önemli kill climax find important
33 kurmak, belirlemek seasonal advise establish sky
34 hayli, yüksek mevkili inform species highly meeting
35 bağlı olmak, güvenmek study depend on dress stomach
36 ciddi cell serious astronomer overdue
37 gözlem observation customer sign cancer
38 gerekli leadership describe necessary seasonal
39 kemer belt comment say serve
40 göl lake become island temperature
41 seçmek lung seat choose heredity
42 çalışan achievable kill vital employee
43 hatırlamak law responsibility remember allow
44 saldırmak, eleştirmek vehicle establish attack grow
45 endişeli, çok istekli alter anxious sea difficult
46 yaklaşık olarak particular conduct approximately bacteria
47 işsiz mosquito but unemployed involve
48 oturacak yer method continue vehicle seat
49 hırsız ceremony hand involve thief
50 sulamak irrigate conduct pancreas develop
51 tür (canlı) species catch cancer treatment
52 vatandaş replace citizen muscle athletic
53 yaratmak material shore create look forward to
54 azaltmak work win task reduce
inkar etmek, izin
55 anxious researcher inform deny
vermemek
56 konum location nominate serious avoid
57 güçlü show island strong bite
58 işaret train questionnaire comment sign
toplamak, koleksiyon
59 collect need body job
yapmak, gidip almak
60 taşıt bribe vehicle use sugar
61 eğitim early education sugar government
62 ölüm student damaged death walk
63 artmak increase drug early reduce
64 belirlemek, karar vermek see production determine eat
65 tecrübe want scissors experience director
66 ciddiyet, sertlik measure severity appreciate sensitive
bozulmak, parçalamak,
67 kendini tutamayıp break down difficulty attend disease
ağlamak
68 onaylamak shower approve attack species
69 eski crocodile employee observation ancient
70 kesin, belirli time certain admit passing
71 tedavi, muamele skin say treatment irrigate
72 hukuk, kanun law cell walk human
73 çocuk, oğlak create accurately kid tell
74 aday göstermek start wear strong nominate
75 isteksiz area reluctant remember actress
76 yasaklamak product forbid create cause
77 yırtıcı hayvan predator show tobacco sky
78 hayati, enerji dolu kid continue vital worship
79 ihmal etmek disease survey research neglect
80 hastalık ancient disease water current
81 hasar death severity kill damage
82 sinir, cesaret necessary nerve look into grow
83 sivrisinek career eat instrument mosquito
84 başarı physique success delay instrument
85 teçhizat require equipment motorist remember
86 pes etmek quit highly human particular
87 sebep olmak depend on death customer cause
88 görev mission concerning identify follow
89 kabul etmek, içeri almak study seasonal admit quit
katılmak, dikkatini
90 report open quit attend
vermek
91 güvenlik, güvence security impressive avoid location
92 reddetmek primary refuse politician production
93 ayrılmak, bırakmak silver leave idea scientist
94 takip etmek, anlamak driver career follow collect
95 aşağılayıcı customer library insulting childhood
izin vermek, olanak
96 predator need collect allow
sağlamak
97 sorumluluk responsibility vision impressive coal
98 yoğun şekilde drug bite heavily job
99 iyileşme recovery organization sorry ceremony
100 hızlıca trial location believe quickly
arrange private remove develop highly
make create win take lose
vital grow commit nearly bodily
cure set launch heavily primary
1 ---- sign yaşamsal belirti
2 ---- strong güçlenmek
3 ---- robbery soygun yapmak
4 ---- impossible neredeyse imkânsız
5 ---- mission roket fırlatmak
6 ---- movement bedensel hareket
7 ---- disease hastalığı tedavi etmek
8 ---- a goal bir hedef koymak
9 rely ---- on büyük ölçüde ...ya güvenmek
10 ---- recovery iyileşmek, iyileşme göstermek
11 ---- responsibility temel sorumluluk
12 ---- sensitive hayli hassas
13 ---- cancer kansere yakalanmak
14 ---- job istihdam yaratmak
15 ---- award ödül kazanmak
16 ---- a bribe rüşvet almak
17 ---- job işini kaybetmek
18 ---- meeting toplantı düzenlemek
19 ---- stain leke çıkarmak
20 ---- life özel hayat
1 prevent sb ---- doing sth birinin ...yapmasını önlemek, engellemek

2 cause ---- …nın sebebi
3 play role ---- sth bir şeyde rol oynamak
4 mission ---- ...ya yapılan görev
5 originate ---- ...da ortaya çıkmak
6 ---- risk tehlikede, riskte
7 ---- the museum müzede
8 wait ---- …yı beklemek
9 ---- a row üst üste, art arda
10 ---- the moon ayda
11 ---- the highway otoyolda
12 ---- a ... scale ... ölçekte/ölçüde
13 important ---- …için önemli
14 ---- the restaurant restoranda
15 anxiety ---- ...hakkında endişe
16 ---- public herkesin içinde, alenen
18 tell ---- ...yı anlatmak
19 ---- an episode bir nöbet / atak sırasında
20 interest ---- …ya ilgi
21 remove ---- ...den kaldırmak/çıkarmak
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Verbal ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Adjective & Adverb
• Unit Words
• Adjective & Adverb
• Adjective & Adverb Questions
cause (n): sebep, amaç

Vocabulary
economical (adj): ekonomik depression (n): depresyon, buhran
expensive (adj): pahalı disorder (n): bozukluk
experienced (adj): tecrübeli family (n): aile
happy (adj): mutlu government (n): hükûmet
important (adj): önemli inactivity (n): hareketsizlik
safe (adj): güvende, güvenli issue (n): mesele, sayı (dergi, gazete)
small (adj): küçük life (n): hayat
typical (adj): tipik member (n): üye
rather (adv): oldukça, daha doğrusu overeating (n): fazla yemek yeme
really (adv): gerçekten planet (n): gezegen
worse (adj): daha kötü scientist (n): bilim insanı
ancestor (n): ata system (n): sistem
candle (n): mum unemployment (n): işsizlik
consideration (n): düşünme, husus, by far (adv): açık arayla

anlayış of all time (phr): tüm zamanların
earth (n): dünya, toprak harsh (adj): sert
human rights (n): insan hakları industrialized (adj): sanayileşmiş
light (n): ışık, ateş (çakmak vs) vividly (adv): canlı bir şekilde
sun (n): güneş area (n): bölge, yüz ölçümü
weather (n): hava durumu head (n): kafa, başkan
weight (n): ağırlık imprisonment (n): hapseldilme
wife (n): karı past (adj, n): geçmiş
burn (v): yakmak pouch (n): kese
consume (v): tüketmek sentence (n): cümle, ceza
earn (v): para kazanmak, hak etmek smell (n): koku, koklama
expect (v): ummak tree (n): ağaç
gain (v): kazanmak recall (v): hatırlamak, geri çağırmak
watch (v): seyretmek, dikkatli olmak as much as (phr): ... olduğu kadar
a bit (adv): birazcık, kısa bir süre blue (adj): mavi, açık saçık, hüzünlü
common (adj): yaygın, ortak almost (adv): neredeyse
dense (adj): yoğun car (n): araba, vagon
great (adj): büyük, mükemmel heart (n): kalp, merkez, cesaret
honourable (adj): saygın language (n): dil
mental (adj): zihinsel root (n): kök
solar (adj): güneş kaynaklı size (n): ebat
stressful (adj): stresli whale (n): balina
anxiety (n): endişe, isteklilik
come from (pv): ...dan gelmek sleep (v): uyumak
close (adj): yakın polluted (adj): kirlenmiş

fast (adj): hızlı till (conj, prep): ...e kadar
tall (adj): uzun go on (pv): devam etmek
wide (adj): geniş live in (pv): ...da yaşamak

young (adj): genç no longer (adv): artık daha
blood (n): kan, soy so... that... (corr): o kadar... ki...

bulb (n): yumru kök, ampul fall asleep (pv): uykuya dalmak
chair (n): sandalye, makam attractive (adj): çekici
country (n): ülke, taşra bright (adj): parlak, zeki

hippopotamus (n): su aygırı dark (adj): karanlık, ürkütücü
mouth (n): ağız light (adj): hafif, açık (renk)
plan (n): plan sweet (adj): tatlı, sevimli

river (n): nehir battle (n): savaş, mücadele
trouble (n): sorun headache (n): baş ağrısı
change (v): değişmek, (para) bozdurmak help (n): yardım

flow (v): akmak proverb (n): atasözü
hate (v): nefret etmek soldier (n): asker
narrow (v): daraltmak victory (n): zafer

open (v): açmak work (n): iş, çalışma
stand (v): ayakta durmak, tahammül etmek become (v): olmak
swim (v): yüzmek carry (v): taşımak

carry out (pv): yapmak get (v): elde etmek, ulaşmak, anlamak
take in (pv): anlamak, kandırmak move (v): hareket etmek, taşınmak,

duygulandırmak
anxious (adj): endişeli, çok istekli
hot (adj): sıcak, acı
long (adj): uzun
developed (adj): gelişmiş
hardly (adv): neredeyse hiç
fish (n): balık
large (adj): büyük
military (adj): askeri
handwriting (n): el yazısı
popular (adj): popüler, halka hitap eden
midnight (n): gece yarısı
same (adj): aynı
mind (n): zihin
star (adj): yıldız
morning (n): sabah
strong (adj): güçlü
night (n): gece
unable (adj): yapamayan
speech (n): konuşma
unique (adj): eşsiz
taxi (n): taksi
especially (adv): özellikle
even (adv): bile
read (v): okumak
advance (n): ilerleme, avans carefully (adv): dikkatle
atmosphere (n): atmosfer, ortam ascent (n): tırmanma, yokuş, başarılı olma
anlamında yükseliş
average (n): ortalama
child (n): çocuk
black hole (n): kara delik
children (n): çocuklar
bodybuilding (n): vücut geliştirme
egzersizleri husband (n): koca
caffeine (n): kafein kid (n): çocuk, oğlak
committee (n): komite limp (n): topallama
deficiency (n): eksiklik market (n): pazar, piyasa

diet (n): beslenme, rejim money (n): para
dreamer (n): hayâlperest shoe (n): ayakkabı
egg (n): yumurta story (n): hikaye, haber

emergency (n): acil durum supplement (n): takviye
filming (n): filme çekme/alma tooth (n): diş

fruition (n): gerçekleşme way (n): yol, yöntem
galaxy (n): galaksi advise (v): tavsiye vermek
gasoline (n): benzin brush (v): fırçalamak, süpürmek, hafifçe

dokunmak
geography (n): coğrafya
include (v): içermek
gravity (n): yer çekimi, ciddiyet
involve (v): içermek, gerektirmek
idea (n): fikir
iron (n): demir, ütü yapmak, iddia etmek
meat (n): et repair (v): onarmak
old (n): yaşlı say (v): söylemek
price (n): fiyat understand (v): anlamak
rest (n): dinlenme, geri kalanı walk (v): yürümek
star (n): yıldız, ünlü bring up (pv): yetiştirmek, gündeme
getirmek, kusmak
care for (pv): bakımını üstlenmek,
damage (v): hasar vermek
hoşlanmak
escape (v): kaçmak
every day (adv): her gün
enough (adv): yeterince, çok
warm (v): ısınmak
advanced (adj): ileri düzeyde
catch up with (pv): ayak uydurmak
boring (adj): sıkıcı
belong to (pv): ait olmak
empty (adj): boş
warming (n): ısınma
huge (adj): kocaman
dental (adj): dişle ilgili
opposite (adj): karşı tarafta, zıt
responsible (adj): sorumlu
hard (adj): zor, katı, sıkı (çalışmak vs)
self-confident (adj): kendine güvenen
proper (adj): düzgün, uygun
thin (adj): ince
severe (adj): ciddi, sevimsiz
valuable (adj): değerli
already (adv): çoktan know (v): bilmek
never (adv): asla leave (v): ayrılmak, bırakmak

slightly (adv): birazcık, hafifçe make (v): yapmak, yaptırmak, varmak
yesterday (adv): dün meet (v): buluşmak, tanışmak, gidermek
today (adv): bugün repay (v): geri ödemek

activity (n): aktivite strike (v): grev yapmak, çarpmak,
sustain (v): sürdürmek
altitude (n): rakım
amount (n): miktar
building (n): bina, inşa etme yargılamak
cattle (n): sığır visit (v): ziyaret etmek
dad (n): baba mistake (n): hata
deforestation (n): ormansızlaşma soy (n): soya
end (n): son likely (adv): muhtemelen
epilepsy (n): epilepsi last (adj): son, geçen
hall (n): salon, giriş such as (pp): ... gibi
health (n): sağlık end up (pv): sonuçlanmak
height (n): boy, yükseklik instead of (pp): ...nın yerine
instrument (n): çalgı, alet, doküman just like (prep): tıpkı ... gibi
lightning (n): şimşek
Collocations
liquid (n): sıvı
gain weight : kilo almak
logging (n): ağaç kesme
rather worse : çok daha kötü
pace (n): hız, adım
important issue : önemli konu
people (n): insanlar, halk
solar system : güneş sistemi
production (n): üretim, yapım
life imprisonment : müebbet hapis cezası
ranching (n): çiftlikçilik
death sentence : idam cezası
seizure (n): el koyma, nöbet, kalp krizi
blood vessel : kan damarı
sound (n): ses
vital organs : hayati organlar
sport (n): spor
open mouth : ağzı açmak
surface (n): yüzey
grow food : yiyecek yetiştirmek
use (n): kullanım, fayda
take a taxi : taksiyle gitmek
water (n): su
this morning : bu sabah
accomplish (v): başarmak
close friend : yakın arkadaş
become attractive : çekici hale gelmek
control (v): kontrol etmek
get old : yaşlanmak
fail (v): kalmak (sınav), başarısız olmak,
arızalanmak, yüzüstü bırakmak military tactic : askeri taktik
grow (v): büyümek common mineral : bol/yaygın mineral
developed country : gelişmiş ülke
global warming : küresel ısınma swim in : ...da yüzmek
come to fruition : meyvesini vermek on land : karada
strong gravity : güçlü yer çekimi technology for : ... için teknoloji
dental health : diş sağlığı deficiency in : …da eksiklik
musical instrument : müzik aleti during sb's lifetime : birinin ömrü
last time : geçen sefer, son kez boyunca
cattle ranching : büyükbaş hayvancılık on average : ortalama
much more : çok daha fazla on Saturday : Cumartesi gününde
neurological disorder : sinirsel bozukluk responsible for : ...dan sorumlu

the opposite of : .... zıttı / aksi
Prepositions
Adjective & Adverb > Comparative
Karşılaştırma yaparken sıfatların ve zarfların comparative halde yazılması gerekir.
Sıfat veya zarf tek heceli ise kelimeye -er eki eklenir.
slow: yavaş > slower: daha yavaş
rich: zengin > richer: daha zengin
Sıfat veya zarf çok heceli ise kelimenin öncesine more yazılır.
beautiful: güzel > more beautiful: daha güzel
quickly: hızlı bir şekilde > more quickly: daha hızlı bir şekilde
Aşağıdaki sıfatların Comparative hallerini boşluklara yazınız.
difficult easy
common safe
poor expensive
dangerously clean
friendly handsome
dirty weak
effective strong
tall small
experienced intelligent
efficient big
Aşağıdaki cümlelerin çevirisini karşısındaki boşluklara yazınız.
A Volkswagen is more economical than a Cadillac.
Human rights are more important than economic

considerations.
If you consume more calories than you burn in a

typical day, you will gain weight.
Are we really happier than our ancestors were?
Electric light is safer than candles.
Düzensiz Sıfatlar
Adjective Comparative
good iyi better daha iyi
bad kötü worse daha kötü
further
far uzak daha uzak
farther
much
çok more daha çok
many
little az less daha az
Comparative Yapıları Pekiştirme

Eğer karşılaştırılan iki şey arasındaki farkı daha detaylı vermek istiyorsak comparative sıfatlar öncesinde
bazı zarflar kullanılır.
Aradaki farkın çok olduğunu gösteren zarflar
much, a lot, far, even, considerably, rather
Aradaki farkın az olduğunu gösteren zarflar
slightly, a bit
Mike is taller than Jack.
Mike is a lot taller than Jack.
Mike is a bit taller than Jack.
Jack is experienced, but Alex is a lot more

experienced.
My wife earns a bit more than me.
Going to a cinema is much more expensive than

watching TV.
The earth is a lot smaller than the sun.
The weather was rather worse than we had expected.
Adjective & Adverb > Superlative
Superlative sıfatların ve zarfın "en" halidir. Bir şeyi diğer tüm şeylerle kıyaslarken kullanılır.
Sıfat veya zarf tek heceli ise kelimeye -est eki eklenir.
slow: yavaş > the slowest: en yavaş
rich: zengin > the richest: en zengin
Sıfat veya zarf çok heceli ise kelimenin öncesine the most yazılır.
beautiful: güzel > the most beautiful: en güzel
quickly: hızlı bir şekilde > the most quickly: en hızlı bir şekilde
Aşağıdaki sıfatların Superlative hallerini boşluklara yazınız.
difficult easy
common safe
poor expensive
dangerously clean
friendly handsome
dirty weak
effective strong
tall small
experienced intelligent
efficient big
Anxiety and depression are the most common mental

disorders of today's stressful life.
By far the most important issue for the government is

unemployment.
The mother is the most honourable member of the

family.
The biggest cause of obesity is overeating and

inactivity.
Earth is the densest planet in our solar system.
Einstein is by far the greatest scientists of all time.
Düzensiz Sıfatlar
Adjective Comparative Superlative
good iyi better daha iyi the best en iyi
bad kötü worse daha kötü the worst en kötü
further the furthest

far uzak daha uzak en uzak
farther the farthest
much çok more daha çok the least en çok
many
little az less daha az the most en az
Adjective & Adverb > as ... as ...
as ... as ... iki şeyi bir açıdan birbirine eşit olduğunu ifade etmek için kullanılır.
Genellikle ... kadar ... şeklinde çevrilir.
Japan is as industrialized as the United States.
The life imprisonment sentence can be as harsh as

the death sentence.
The pouch of a kangaroo can be as big as a person's

head.
She earns three times as much as I do.
so ... as ... bağlacı as ... as ... ile eş anlamıdır. as ... as ... tüm cümlelerde kullanılabilirken, so ... as ... sadece
olumsuz cümlelerde kullanılabilir.
There are not so many trees in this area as there

used to be.
Nothing recalls the past so vividly as a smell.
Adjective & Adverb > the same ... as ...
the same ... as ... => ...ile aynı ...
The Arabic language comes from the same roots as

Hebrew.
The heart of the blue whale is about the same size as

a small car.
China is almost at the same size as Russia.
Adjective & Adverb > too & enough
too + sıfat/zarf (+ to V1)
You are too young to be in love.
We couldn't swim in the river because it was flowing

too fast.
The trouble is that your plan would be too expensive

to carry out.
I hate people standing too close to me.
sıfat/zarf + enough (+ to V1)

enough + isim (+ to V1)
He's tall enough to change the bulb without getting on

a chair.
With narrowed blood vessels, vital organs do not get

enough blood.
A hippopotamus can open its mouth wide enough to

take in a 4-foot-tall child.
Many countries in the Third World do not have enough

land to grow food on.
Adjective & Adverb > so... that ... & such ... that ...
so + sıfat/zarf + that SVO
This river is so polluted that fish can no longer live in

it.
This morning the weather was so bad that I had to

take a taxi.
Your handwriting is so bad that I can hardly read it.
such + sıfat tamlaması / isim + that SVO
His speech went on for such a long time that some

people began to fall asleep.
We are such close friends that we can almost read

each other's minds.
It was such a hot night that I could not sleep till

midnight.
Adjective & Adverb > the more ... the more ...
the more ... the more ...

İki farklı şeyin birbirleriyle orantılı olarak arttığını veya azaldığını ifade ederken kullanılır.
Çeviri: ne kadar ... o kadar ...
The older she gets, the more attractive she becomes.
The less the soldiers have to carry, the faster they can move.
The bigger a man's head is, the worse his headache is. – Proverb
Bu kalıpta kullanılan cümleler çoğu zaman ana fiilleri atılmış bir şekilde kullanılırlar.
The more the help, the lighter the work.
The harder the battle, the sweeter the victory.
The darker the night, the brighter the candle.
Adjective & Adverb > Homework
1: The atmosphere above the Arctic is not as cold 7: Iron is the most common mineral deficiency in
as that above the Antarctic. developed countries.
TR: TR:
8: The more carbon dioxide gas is produced, the

2: Too much caffeine can make people anxious and worse global warming becomes.
unable to sleep. TR:
TR:
3: There were too many advances in technology for 9: The sooner you get emergency help, the less
military tactics to catch up with. damage there will be to your heart.
TR: TR:
4: Nigeria is large enough to belong to more than 10: The oldest star in the Milky Way galaxy is over
one United Nations committee. 13 million years old.
TR: TR:
11: Nikola Tesla was such a good dreamer that

5: Most people can get enough vitamin D from their
many of his ideas never came to fruition during his
diet, especially in fish, eggs and meat.
life.
TR:
TR:
6: The price of gasoline is so high that we cannot

buy a big car.
TR: 12: Black holes are areas with such strong gravity
that not even light can escape.
TR:
13: Bodybuilding is not the same sport as 15: The Arctic is warming faster than the rest of the
weightlifting. world twice as fast, on average.
TR: TR:
14: The geography of Tunisia is so unique that it

has become a popular filming area.
TR:
Adjective & Adverb Questions > Introduction
1. Some extrasolar planets are ---- than the ---- 6. She brought up her children in just ---- way --
planet in our solar system. -- her mother did.
A) largest / large A) more / than

B) larger / large B) the same / as
C) larger / largest C) so / that
D) largest / larger D) as / as
7. Julia had ---- a severe limp ---- it was hard for

2. Her husband earns ---- money as she does.
her to walk.
A) as much
A) such / that
B) more
B) the same / as
C) less
C) more / than
D) so much
D) so / as
Translation:
Translation:
3. Proper dental care for kids involves ---- just

brushing your child's teeth every day.
8. The Danube is the second ---- river in Europe
A) too after the River Volga.
B) more than A) long
C) enough B) longer
D) the same C) longest
Translation: D) a long
Translation:
4. The more carefully you read the story, ----

you will understand it. 9. To maintain a good dental health, it is
advised to include ---- calcium supplements
A) the good in diet.
B) the well
A) too
C) the better
B) as
D) the best
C) such
Translation: D) enough
Translation:
5. The shoemaker said the shoes were ---- old

to repair.
A) less
B) too
C) such
D) enough
Translation:
10. The ascent in the market was not ---- difficult
as it seemed.
A) too
B) very
C) so
D) such
Translation:
Adjective & Adverb Questions > Homework
1. The trumpet is one of ---- musical 6. Watching sport is by far ---- popular activity
instruments. on Saturday nights.
A) the oldest A) less

B) an old B) the most
C) older C) too
D) the older D) more
2. You have made ---- mistake ---- last time.

7. Soy production is responsible for ----
A) as / as deforestation in the Amazon than logging or
B) the more / the more cattle ranching.
C) the same / as
A) least
D) less / than
B) by far
Translation: C) much
D) more
Translation:
3. ---- people you know, ---- time you have to
visit them.
A) The more / the less
B) More / the least
C) Much / little
8. Itaipu Dam is about ---- height ---- a 65 story
D) The most / the least building.
Translation:
A) so / as
B) more / than
C) such / that
4. Energy use grew at a slightly ---- pace than D) the same / as
economic activity over the past 15 years. Translation:
A) as low
B) lower
C) lowest
9. ---- you try to be the opposite of your dad, ----
D) low you end up just like him.
Translation:
A) So much / that
B) Much less / than
C) The most / the least
D) The more / the more
5. ---- you study, ---- likely you will fail the test. Translation:
A) Much more / than

B) The more / the less
C) So much / that
D) Much enough / too
Translation:
10. There aren't ---- people here today as there 15. It is ---- a huge amount of money ---- I would
were yesterday. never be able to repay them.
A) as many A) such / that

B) more B) as / as
C) less C) so / that
D) the most D) less / than
11. Good health is ---- valuable than anything

else. 16. Someday computers will be ---- advanced ----
they will control people, instead of people
A) as much controlling them.
B) the less
A) as / as
C) the most
B) so / that
D) more
C) more / than
Translation: D) such / that
Translation:
12. Sound travels faster through a liquid such as

water ---- it travels through air.
A) as
B) that
17. When I first met him, he was not ----
C) so accomplished and self-confident as he is
D) than now.
Translation:
A) such
B) more
C) so
D) less
13. ---- the tree, ---- likely it is to be struck by Translation:
lightning.
A) The taller / the more

B) Such a tall / that
C) The tallest / than
18. The oxygen levels at that altitude are ---- thin
D) Tall enough / too to sustain life.
Translation:
A) the same
B) enough
C) too
14. The movie was boring. By the end, ---- many D) as
people had already left that the hall was Translation:
almost empty.
A) such / that
B) less / than
C) so / that
D) as / as
Translation:
19. Epilepsy can affect people of all ages, and is 20. The surface of Mars once flowed with water
the fourth ---- common neurological disorder, fresh ---- to sustain life.
or 'seizure disorder'.
A) as
A) too B) enough
B) less C) than
C) most D) too
D) more Translation:
Translation:
1 yıldız really star candle instrument
2 fazla yemek yeme overeating such as soy flow

3 dişle ilgili severe include dental self-confident
4 ince river logging air thin
5 et stressful belong to meat really
6 headache thin know maintain
yapmak, iddia etmek
7 düşünme, husus, anlayış consideration night mind blue
8 eşsiz mouth average unique read
9 geri ödemek work sun night repay
10 hapseldilme imprisonment geography family almost
11 ciddi, sevimsiz caffeine sun severe young
12 güneş kaynaklı solar emergency building soy
13 işsizlik unemployment height life popular
hatırlamak, geri
14 recall warm so... that... sustain
çağırmak
15 dil trouble language issue opposite
16 ata ancestor swim as much as global
17 yapamayan harsh unable sun yesterday
18 coğrafya global swim geography say
19 ayak uydurmak expect valuable catch up with watch
20 yer çekimi, ciddiyet average seizure gravity meet
21 içermek, gerektirmek money same involve anxiety
22 gece yarısı involve midnight of all time grow
23 düzgün, uygun soldier especially proper severe
24 demir, ütü proverb galaxy iron blue
25 tecrübeli experienced trouble old dad
26 sorumlu understand such as anxious responsible
27 baş ağrısı warming headache hate common
28 küresel produce global study children
29 birazcık, hafifçe air size young slightly
30 ortalama market human rights average black hole
31 kendine güvenen depression burn tree self-confident
32 atasözü age proverb scientist visit
33 hasar vermek light atmosphere damage repair
34 özellikle depression repair especially handwriting
35 kan, soy boring blood no longer really
36 bilim insanı scientist sound just like large
37 yaygın, ortak common sleep close soldier
38 boy, yükseklik come from unemployment visit height
39 dinlenme, geri kalanı cold ascent rest average
40 artık daha dental no longer attractive battle
41 kazanmak gain people experienced pouch
42 bozukluk disorder supplement accomplish common
43 gerçekleşme know yesterday fruition walk
44 el yazısı husband handwriting experienced pouch
45 kafa, başkan head already hall typical
46 çiftlikçilik recall hate fish ranching
47 tavsiye vermek disorder people advise bring up
48 sürdürmek taxi live in difficult sustain
tırmanma, yokuş,
49 başarılı olma anlamında human rights hate ascent husband
yükseliş
50 ağaç kesme market supplement epilepsy logging
yetiştirmek, gündeme
51 opposite anxious become bring up
getirmek, kusmak
52 tüketmek consume rather say catch up with
53 ısınmak try warn warm great
54 issue open victory height
gazete)
55 sanayileşmiş industrialized close friend story
56 yoğun dense huge root anxiety
57 endişe, isteklilik anxiety likely tree carefully
58 ağırlık weight cattle whale instrument
59 hareketsizlik inactivity valuable hot attractive
60 sonuçlanmak child slightly limp end up
61 akmak mouth flow move headache
62 yüzey fish long speech surface
seyahat etmek, yol
63 sentence warm committee travel
almak
64 zafer idea victory stressful dad
65 şimşek end wife carry out lightning
66 sert harsh visit scientist accomplish
67 ascent overeating brush control
hafifçe dokunmak
grev yapmak, çarpmak,
68 etkilemek (afet vs), buy industrialized try strike
saldırmak
69 etkilemek help planet open affect
70 endişeli, çok istekli advise anxious developed overeating
vital take get military developed
disorder meet advanced altitude grow
gain issue imprisonment death vessel
global fruition dental instrument cattle
1 ---- weight kilo almak
2 important ---- önemli konu
3 life ---- müebbet hapis cezası
4 ---- sentence idam cezası
5 blood ---- kan damarı
6 ---- organs hayati organlar
7 ---- food yiyecek yetiştirmek
8 ---- a taxi taksiyle gitmek
9 ---- old yaşlanmak
10 ---- tactic askeri taktik
11 ---- country gelişmiş ülke
12 ---- warming küresel ısınma
13 come to ---- meyvesini vermek
14 ---- health diş sağlığı
15 musical ---- müzik aleti
16 ---- ranching büyükbaş hayvancılık
17 neurological ---- sinirsel bozukluk
18 ---- need ihtiyacı karşılamak
19 ---- technology ileri teknoloji
20 lose ---- irtifa kaybetmek
1 swim ---- ...da yüzmek

2 ---- land karada
3 technology ---- ... için teknoloji
4 deficiency ---- …da eksiklik
5 ---- sb's lifetime birinin ömrü boyunca
6 ---- average ortalama
7 ---- Saturday Cumartesi gününde
8 the opposite ---- .... zıttı / aksi
9 ---- consideration görüşülmekte, incelenmekte
10 common ---- ... arasında yaygın
11 ---- the country ülke genelinde
12 ---- the river nehir boyunca
13 ---- midnight gece yarısında
14 battle ---- ...ya karşı savaş
15 victory ---- ...ya karşı zafer
16 unique ---- ...ya özgü
17 advance ---- ...da ilerleme
18 escape ---- …dan kaçmak
19 advise ---- ... konuda tavsiye vermek
20 ---- a … pace hızda, hızla
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Adjective & Adverb ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Quantifiers
• Unit Words
• List of Quantifiers
• Quantifier Questions
difference (n): fark, uyuşmazlık

Vocabulary
different (adj): farklı disease (n): hastalık
environmental (adj): çevresel drug (n): ilaç, uyuşturucu
European (adj, n): Avrupalı effort (n): çaba
female (adj, n): dişi employer (n): işveren
free (adj, adv): özgür, bedava, boşta energy (n): enerji
historic (adj): tarihi entertainment (n): eğlence
key (adj): önemli experience (n): tecrübe
main (adj): ana eye (n): göz, iğne deliği
medical (adj): tıbbi factor (n): etken, (matematik) çarpan
musical (adj): müzikle ilgili family (n): aile
only (adj): tek fan (n): hayran, pervane
popular (adj): popüler, halka hitap eden flaw (n): kusur
possible (adj): mümkün food (n): yiyecek
enough (q): yeterli friend (n): arkadaş
tomorrow (adv, n): yarın fruit (n): meyve, sonuç
advantage (n): avantaj galaxy (n): galaksi
age (n): yaş, çağ gas (n): gaz, doğal gaz, benzin
agreement (n): anlaşma government (n): hükûmet
area (n): bölge, yüz ölçümü guest (n): misafir
attendant (n): görevli hand (n): el
attention (n): dikkat, özen holiday (n): tatil
benefit (n): yarar, devlet yardımı human (n): insan
body (n): vücut, ceset, kütle instrument (n): çalgı, alet, doküman
book (n): kitap length (n): uzunluk
building (n): bina, inşa etme make-up (n): makyaj, yapı
cause (n): sebep, amaç material (n): madde
cell (n): hücre, küçük oda meaning (n): anlam
channel (n): kanal method (n): yöntem
child (n): çocuk minute (n): dakika, an
choice (n): seçim money (n): para
colour (n): renk month (n): ay
complaint (n): şikayet, hastalık name (n): isim
danger (n): tehlike nominee (n): aday
delegate (n): delege party (n): parti (eğlence), parti (siyasi),

taraf
design (n): tasarım
person (n): kişi
detail (n): ayrıntı
planet (n): gezegen
player (n): oyuncu, sanatçı consume (v): tüketmek
population (n): nüfus contain (v): içermek, kontrol altına almak
predator (n): yırtıcı hayvan develop (v): gelişmek, ortaya çıkmak
prisoner (n): mahkum expect (v): ummak

problem (n): sorun mean (v): anlamına gelmek, kastetmek
property (n): mal, özellik need (v): ihtiyaç duymak
purpose (n): amaç provide (v): sağlamak

question (n): soru, şüphe read (v): okumak
reason (n): neden, mantık require (v): gerektirmek
region (n): bölge take (v): almak, (süre) almak

salt (n): tuz use (v): kullanmak
scholar (n): alim visit (v): ziyaret etmek

shape (n): şekil wear (v): giymek, yıpranmak
side effect (n): yan etki plant (n): bitki, santral
size (n): ebat spare time (phr): boş vakit

snake (n): yılan so far (adv): şimdiye kadar
soldier (n): asker drop by (pv): ziyaret etmek
speaker (n): konuşmacı, hoparlör life-threatening (adj): yaşamı tehdit eden

species (n): tür (canlı) necessary (adj): gerekli
student (n): öğrenci previous (adj): önceki
sugar (n): şeker rich (adj): zengin
support (n): destek sunny (adj): güneşli

surgery (n): ameliyat, muayenehane percent (adj, adv): yüzde
tattoo (n): dövme yesterday (adv): dün

teacher (n): öğretmen so (trans): bu yüzden
team (n): takım little (q): az
time (n): zaman, kat article (n): makale, fıkra (hukuk)

town (n): kasaba, çarşı brain (n): beyin
type (n): tür continent (n): kıta
use (n): kullanım, fayda country (n): ülke, taşra

vegetable (n): sebze couple (n): çift
vehicle (n): taşıt death (n): ölüm
village (n): köy device (n): cihaz, yöntem

water (n): su election (n): seçim
wheel (n): tekerlek, direksiyon flag (n): bayrak
window (n): pencere, vitrin, fırsat iceberg (n): buz dağı

year (n): yıl infancy (n): bebeklik
ask (v): sormak, istemek nation (n): ulus, kavim
choose (v): seçmek place (n): yer
power (n): güç, enerji procedure (n): yöntem
precaution (n): önlem restaurant (n): restoran
recovery (n): iyileşme revenue (n): gelir

reference (n): söz etme, başvurma suburb (n): dış mahalle
research (n): araştırma communicate (v): iletişim kurmak,

(hastalık) bulaştırmak
scientist (n): bilim insanı
subject (n): konu, ders, özne, denek
drink (v): içmek, içki içmek
success (n): başarı
feel (v): hissetmek
sunshine (n): gün ışığı
interview (v): görüşme yapmak
week (n): hafta
mistake (v): yanlış anlamak
world (n): dünya
panic (v): panik yapmak
world war (n): dünya savaşı
shoot (v): ateş etmek, şut çekmek, fotoğraf
claim (v): iddia etmek, talep etmek, canını çekmek
almak
classify (v): sınıflandırmak
derive from (pv): ...dan türemek
climb (v): tırmanmak, artmak
alone (adj, adv): yalnız
die (v): ölmek
hopeless (adj): umutsuz
handle (v): başa çıkmak, tutmak, ticaret
yapmak ill (adj): hasta, kötü
make (v): yapmak, yaptırmak, varmak nuclear (adj): nükleer

manage (v): yönetmek, başarmak safe (adj): güvende, güvenli
prove (v): kanıtlamak, ortaya çıkmak severe (adj): ciddi, sevimsiz

rule (v): yönetmek, hüküm vermek terrible (adj): korkunç
survive (v): hayatta kalmak daily (adj, adv): günlük
until (conj, prep): ...e kadar seriously (adv): ciddi bir şekilde
exposed (adj): maruz kalmış sometimes (adv): bazen
good (adj): iyi adaptation (n): uyum sağlama, uyarlama

(film, oyun vb.)
thirsty (adj): susamış
bank (n): banka, kıyı (nehir, göl), yığın
beach (n): plaj
easily (adv): kolay bir şekilde
bed (n): yatak, (dere vs) taban
candidate (n): aday
exception (n): istisna
case (n): durum, vaka, kap
fire (n): ateş, yangın, ateş etme (silah)
climate (n): iklim
fit (n): kriz, uyum
course (n): kurs, yemek, saha, gidişat
forest (n): orman
dad (n): baba
guard (n): koruma
diabetes (n): şeker hastalığı
helmet (n): kask
diversity (n): çeşitlilik
mark (n): leke, işaret, puan, seviye
doctor (n): doktor
patient (n): hasta
fishing (n): balıkçılık
position (n): pozisyon, durum, iş
generation (n): nesil, enerji üretimi musical instrument : müzik aleti
growth (n): büyüme, şişlik plastic surgery : estetik ameliyatı | plastik
cerrahi
gulf (n): körfez, uçurum
develop a disease : bir hastalığa
head (n): kafa, başkan yakalanmak
headache (n): baş ağrısı free time : boş zaman
health (n): sağlık have problem : sorun yaşamak, sorunu
issue (n): mesele, sayı (dergi, gazete) olmak
knowledge (n): bilgi female population : kadın nüfusu
lack (n): eksiklik take month : ay sürmek
member (n): üye ask question : soru sormak
noise (n): gürültü wear make-up : makyaj yapmak
physics (n): fizik go on holiday : tatile gitmek
side (n): taraf, kenar carry meaning : anlam taşımak
staff (n): personel specific meaning : özel anlam
teaching (n): öğretim, öğreti viral infection : viral enfeksiyon
trumpet (n): trompet previous research : önceki araştırmalar
university (n): üniversite use term : terim kullanmak
vegetation (n): bitki örtüsü full recovery : tamamen iyileşme
zoo (n): hayvanat bahçesi take ... week : ... hafta sürmek
affect (v): etkilemek result in death : ölümle sonuçlanmak
allow (v): izin vermek, olanak sağlamak good fit : iyi uyum
buy (v): satın almak, kanmak make mistake : hata yapmak
commit (v): suç işlemek, adamak, (hapise, nuclear physics : nükleer fizik
hastane) göndermek stay alive : hayatta kalmak
earn (v): para kazanmak, hak etmek seriously ill : ciddi bir şekilde hasta
experience (v): tecrübe etmek health issue : sağlık sorunu
explain (v): açıklamak terrible headache : feci/şiddetli baş ağrısı
help (v): yardım etmek go fishing : balığa çıkmak
hurry (v): acele etmek earn money : para kazanmak
offer (v): teklif etmek, sunmak
Prepositions
reduce (v): azaltmak
in a region : bir bölgede
refuse (v): reddetmek
time for : ... için zaman
at a ... age : ... yaşında
spend (v): harcamak
support from : ...dan destek
yargılamak attention to : ...ya verilen dikkat/gösterilen
özen
complaint about : …konusunda şikayet
get in (pv): girmek
in the body : vücutta
lead to (pv): yol açmak
for days : günlerdir
Collocations
live in : ...da yaşamak be committed to : …ya kendini adamış
olmak
die of : ...dan ölmek
most of : ...nın çoğu
in winter : kışın
through the generations : nesiller boyu
effect on : …üzerinde etki
ill with : ...dan hasta
exposed to : …ya maruz kalmış
lack of : ... eksikliği
in detail : detaylı olarak
List of Quantifiers > List of Quantifiers
many birçok, çok
many types of plants
many of these gases
many advantages
many drugs
much çok, fazla
don't have much money
too much salt
much of the water
how much water
most çoğu, büyük bir kısmı
most of their food
most books
most of the prisoners
most people in this region
more ...den daha çok, ...den daha fazla
needs more time
more guests than we expected
provided more support
will have more time for entertainment
less ...den daha az
consumes less gas
have less food than they need
contains less sugar
it means less effort
some biraz, bazı; (herhangi) biri/bir
some scholars
some of the oldest musical instruments
some snake species
some of the most popular speakers
any hiçbiri, hiç (olumsuz cümlede)
I don't have any spare time.
She hasn't got any plastic surgery so far.
There is not any difference.
She doesn't have any children.
any herhangi biri (olumlu cümlede)
People can develop this disease at any age.
You can drop by at any time tomorrow.
Any one of the students can do it.
You can choose any of them.
a little biraz
I have a little free time.
a little support from his family
a little attention to the details
it needs a little more sugar
little az, çok çok az
I have little free time.
little support from his family
little attention to the details
had little problem
a few birkaç
a few complaints about the foods
The team has a few fans.
it has a few predators
a few environmental dangers
few az, çok çok az
few complaints about the foods
The team has few fans.
it has few predators
few environmental dangers
all bütün, tüm, hepsi, tamamı
all human-like robots
all of TV channels in Turkey
all of the planets
all vehicles with four wheels
every her, her bir
every minute of our holidays
every European government
every cell in the human body
every year
each her, her bir
each player
each of the soldiers
each one of the speakers
each of the delegates
whole tüm, bütün
the whole galaxy
read the whole book
a whole village
the whole town
both (iki şeyin) her ikisi
can use his both hands
both of the nominees
both parties in the agreement
both of his eyes
no hiç
there is no sugar
I have no friends
a drug with no side effects
he needs no support
none hiç, hiçbirisi
none of the windows
none of them
none of the teachers
none of the attendants
one bir, bir tane
one of the main benefits
one of the key factors
only one of many reasons
one of its several purposes
half yarısı, yarım
half of the female population
half of that area
half of Europe
about half of all employers
enough yeterli, yeterince
don't have enough money
enough energy
didn't take enough food
enough support
several birkaç
doing for several days
one of its several properties
it takes several months
has several meanings
plenty bol, çok
asks plenty of questions
plenty of choices
requires plenty of experience
plenty of fruits and vegetables
a lot birçok, çok miktarda
uses a lot of energy
visited a lot of historic buildings
wears a lot of make-up
has a lot of tattoos
a number of birçok, çok sayıda
a number of medical uses
a large number of side effects
a number of different methods
a small number of flaws
a range of bir dizi, çok çeşitli
a wide range of materials
a range of sizes and shapes
a range of colours
a range of possible causes
a variety of
birçok farklı, çok çeşitli
a diversity of
a variety of designs
has a diversity of names
a variety of reasons
a diversity of lengths
List of Quantifiers > Homework
1: Some of the side effects may prove life 8: The drug does not have any effect on viral
threatening in a child. infections.
TR: TR:
9: Only a few people managed to climb the Everest.

2: Most of the world's obese people live in the rich TR:
countries of the world.
TR:
10: The article made no reference to previous

research on the subject.
TR:
3: A large numbers of people die of cancer every

year.
TR:
11: Scientists use a variety of terms to classify

icebergs.
TR:
4: All parties have claimed success in yesterday's
elections.
TR:
12: Full recovery takes several weeks.

TR:
5: The whole continent was ruled by European

powers until the world wars.
TR: 13: A little precaution is necessary in handling an
electronic device.
TR:
6: London has little sunshine in the winter, so many

British people go on holiday to sunny places!
TR: 14: The couple had five more children but none
survived past infancy.
TR:
15: Today, less than 10 percent of brain surgeries

7: The colours of each flag carry specific meanings result in death.
for its nation. TR:
TR:
Quantifier Questions > Introduction
1. ---- player needs to wear a helmet. There are 6. ---- of the guards might easily panic and
no exceptions. shoot someone.
A) Some B) No A) Few B) One
C) Every D) All C) Little D) Much
2. Janette has drunk ---- water today, so she 7. The forest fire destroyed ---- suburb.
feels very thirsty now.
A) the whole B) neither
A) few B) plenty of C) plenty of D) enough
C) a little D) little
Translation:
Translation:
8. The patient is exposed to ---- radiation

during the procedure, as it is an x-ray.
3. I speak ---- Spanish, so can't we A) most B) a small amount of
communicate in English? C) few D) plenty of
A) little B) any Translation:
C) few D) a little
Translation:
9. The student made very ---- mistakes, so she

4. We have interviewed with ten candidates for got a very good mark.
the position, but ---- of them was actually a A) little B) few
good fit.
C) much D) a lot of
A) less B) much
Translation:
C) none D) little
Translation:
10. ---- of government revenue is derived from

the petroleum sector.
A) Every B) Any
5. There are ---- good restaurants in Paris than C) Half D) Few
in London.
Translation:
A) much B) every
C) both D) more
Translation:
Quantifier Questions > Homework
1. Sorry, I have to hurry. I have ---- time to 7. Very few students have ---- knowledge of
explain this in detail. nuclear physics.
A) plenty B) no A) some B) few

C) any D) a little C) every D) whole
8. Adaptation is needed in ---- species for it to

2. I'd like to have helped my friend but I had
stay alive through the generations.
very ---- time, so I had to refuse her.
A) neither B) plenty
A) few B) little
C) both D) every
C) a lot of D) a little
Translation:
Translation:
9. A fourteen-year-old boy and a doctor were

3. Committing to ---- exercise daily may help
seriously ill with diabetes, and ---- of them
reduce cancer risk.
were hopeless cases.
A) a little B) little
A) neither B) both
C) few D) many
C) few D) every
Translation:
Translation:
4. James has got very ---- friends, so he is

alone most of the time.
A) few B) little 10. Qatar is ---- of the safest regions in the Gulf.
C) a few D) a little
A) all B) most
Translation: C) one D) several
Translation:
5. The email has been sent to ---- member of

the teaching staff. 11. In our country, most universities offer ----
courses.
A) every B) much
C) a few D) both A) a wide range of B) the whole
C) much D) every
Translation:
Translation:
6. The zoo contains ---- animals.

12. A lack of magnesium can lead to ---- health
A) much B) every issues.
C) a large diversity of D) a little A) a little B) a wide range of
Translation: C) much D) every
Translation:
13. Most people experience a terrible headache 17. Humans get ---- of their protein by eating fish
and sometimes it affects ---- sides of the from the ocean.
head.
A) each B) none
A) little B) both C) every D) most
C) several D) most
Translation:
Translation:
18. Don't make ---- noise! Your dad just got in

the bed.
14. ---- people like to go fishing in their free time. A) any B) no
A) Much B) Every C) few D) all
C) Many D) A little Translation:
Translation:
19. The severe climate of northern Mali does not

15. He has ---- of money in the bank, so he allow ---- growth of vegetation.
doesn't have to work. A) many B) a few
A) many B) several C) each D) much
C) enough D) plenty Translation:
Translation:
20. Tom is trying to earn ---- money to buy a new

16. We did not spend ---- day on the beach.
trumpet.
A) all B) a little
A) many B) several
C) none D) much
C) enough D) the whole
Translation:
Translation:
banka, kıyı (nehir, göl),

1 drug channel require bank
yığın
2 farklı commit use different female
3 yüzde manage percent trumpet delegate
4 fark, uyuşmazlık difference time place family
5 bayrak make meaning flag reduce
6 hayatta kalmak survive instrument speaker colour
7 ameliyat, muayenehane population surgery shape terrible
uyum sağlama, uyarlama
8 energy guard adaptation vegetable
(film, oyun vb.)
9 ilaç, uyuşturucu enough drug offer diversity
10 kıta country continent allow complaint
11 tehlike danger question handle surgery
12 misafir couple guest mistake different
13 kusur flaw university choose side
14 cihaz, yöntem knowledge friend ask device
15 aday candidate exposed election bed
16 bölge region lead to precaution work
17 tüketmek consume so advantage age
18 buz dağı colour type iceberg manage
19 açıklamak entertainment explain dad fishing
20 asker size wheel soldier beach
21 körfez, uçurum wheel guest gulf channel
22 gürültü feel detail commit noise
23 gelir flag predator revenue design
24 tatil holiday classify experience course
25 anlam need enough seriously meaning
26 amaç musical scholar purpose friend
27 kurs, yemek, saha, gidişat send iceberg course agreement
28 sınıflandırmak classify mean surgery agreement
29 bilim insanı scientist family drink percent
30 çeşitlilik diversity fan offer allow
31 mal, özellik vehicle property severe course
32 destek region article climb support
33 teklif etmek, sunmak colour player prisoner offer
34 baş ağrısı manage little headache position
35 human effort fire complaint
(silah)
36 sebep, amaç bank galaxy different cause
37 güç, enerji child area hopeless power
38 bebeklik brain nominee dad infancy
39 taşıt predator factor region vehicle
40 kask helmet course effort attendant
41 makyaj, yapı continent exposed panic make-up
42 önlem percent historic choose precaution
43 yanlış anlamak year make mistake procedure
44 ciddi bir şekilde shape seriously alone buy
45 gelişmek, ortaya çıkmak patient develop main window
46 aday speak nominee choice device
ateş etmek, şut çekmek,
47 boy adaptation nuclear shoot
fotoğraf çekmek
iletişim kurmak, (hastalık)
48 exception procedure communicate spend
bulaştırmak
49 reddetmek recovery flaw refuse flag
50 tür (canlı) diversity species member scholar
51 makale, fıkra (hukuk) headache article nation medical
52 ulus, kavim student country staff nation
53 mümkün environmental property possible tomorrow
54 korkunç fishing terrible climb case
55 delege climate delegate diabetes nation
56 uzunluk length reason tomorrow growth
suç işlemek, adamak,
57 (hapise, hastane) need place commit week
göndermek
başa çıkmak, tutmak,
58 body severe issue handle
ticaret yapmak
59 yönetmek, başarmak reference beach manage actually
60 beyin brain food claim purpose
seriously develop free take wear
go on meaning infection previous result in
medical draw come receive pose
make stay surgery issue earn
1 plastic ---- estetik ameliyatı | plastik cerrahi
2 ---- a disease bir hastalığa yakalanmak
3 ---- time boş zaman
4 ---- month ay sürmek
5 ---- make-up makyaj yapmak
6 ---- holiday tatile gitmek
7 carry ---- anlam taşımak
8 viral ---- viral enfeksiyon
9 ---- research önceki araştırmalar
10 ---- death ölümle sonuçlanmak
11 ---- mistake hata yapmak
12 ---- alive hayatta kalmak
13 ---- ill ciddi bir şekilde hasta
14 health ---- sağlık sorunu
15 ---- money para kazanmak
16 ---- treatment tıbbi tedavi
17 ---- attention dikkat çekmek
18 ---- to an agreement bir anlaşmaya varmak
19 ---- complaint şikayet almak
20 ---- danger tehlike oluşturmak
1 ---- a region bir bölgede

2 ---- a ... age ... yaşında
3 support ---- ...dan destek
4 attention ---- ...ya verilen dikkat/gösterilen özen
5 complaint ---- …konusunda şikayet
6 ---- the body vücutta
7 ---- days günlerdir
8 live ---- ...da yaşamak
9 die ---- ...dan ölmek
10 exposed ---- …ya maruz kalmış
11 ---- detail detaylı olarak
12 be committed ---- …ya kendini adamış olmak
13 ---- the generations nesiller boyu
14 ill ---- ...dan hasta
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Quantifiers ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Transitions
• Unit Words
• List of Transitions
• Recognition EN-TR
• Meaning Exercise

Vocabulary
colourful (adj): renkli pronunciation (n): telaffuz
harmless (adj): zararsız proof (n): kanıt
important (adj): önemli resource (n): kaynak
late (adj): geç, sonları, rahmetli room (n): oda, alan
poor (adj): fakir, yetersiz, zavallı star (n): yıldız, ünlü
rich (adj): zengin stone (n): taş, cevher, çekirdek
same (adj): aynı substance (n): madde, önem
trustworthy (adj): güvenilir tobacco (n): tütün
unwanted (adj): istenmeyen tool (n): alet
abroad (adv): yurt dışında vegetable (n): sebze
even (adv): bile word (n): kelime
exactly (adv): tam olarak contact (v): temas kurmak
furthermore (trans): ayrıca contain (v): içermek, kontrol altına almak
instead (trans): bunun yerine decide (v): karar vermek
moreover (trans): ayrıca differ (v): farklı olmak
sufficiently (adv): yeterince discuss (v): tartışmak
thus (trans): bu yüzden exist (v): var olmak
otherwise (trans): aksi takdirde find (v): bulmak
butterfly (n): kelebek gain (v): kazanmak
case (n): durum, vaka, kap help (v): yardım etmek
caterpillar (n): tırtıl include (v): içermek
coast (n): sahil land (v): iniş yapmak
east (adj, n): doğu leave (v): ayrılmak, bırakmak
education (n): eğitim lose (v): kaybetmek
expense (n): masraf miss (v): kaçırmak, özlemek
heel (n): topuk reply (v): cevap vermek
historian (n): tarihçi say (v): söylemek
insect (n): böcek see (v): görmek, anlamak, ziyaret etmek
material (n): madde spell (v): hecelemek
matter (n): konu, madde think (v): düşünmek
money (n): para for example (trans): örneğin
mosquito (n): sivrisinek turn into (pv): dönüşmek
movie (n): film in other words (trans): başka bir deyişle
period (n): dönem, âdet dönemi take off (pv): çıkarmak (kıyafet), kalkış
be short of (v): bir şeyin yeterli olmaması
politician (n): siyasetçi
live in (pv): ...da yaşamak
deal with (pv): başa çıkmak, ...ile ilgili adopt (v): evlat edinmek, benimsemek
olmak
refer to (pv): söz etmek, ifade etmek, göz
atmak, havale etmek ban (v): yasaklamak
in addition (trans): ayrıca cause (v): sebep olmak
that is (trans): yani challenge (v): meydan okumak, karşı

çıkmak
in fact (trans): aslında
turn on one's heel (idiom): birdenbire
dönüp gitmek influence (v): etkilemek
agricultural (adj): tarımsal learn (v): öğrenmek
dangerous (adj): tehlikeli save (v): kurtarmak, birikim yapmak,

tasarruf etmek, kaydetmek
rough (adj): pürüzlü, yaklaşık, şiddetli, güç
smell (v): kokmak, koklamak
slimy (adj): balçıkla kaplı, yağcı
slow (adj): yavaş
smooth (adj): pürüzsüz, sorunsuz çalıştırmak
directly (adv): doğrudan use (v): kullanmak
generally (adv): genellikle rarely (adv): nadiren

accent (n): aksan, vurgu cover up (pv): örtbas etmek, üstünü
örtmek
make up (pv): oluşturmak, uydurmak, telafi
climate (n): iklim etmek, makyaj yapmak, barışmak
continent (n): kıta cell phone (n): cep telefonu
country (n): ülke, taşra get into (pv): seçilmek, ilgilenmek
couple (n): çift lead to (pv): yol açmak
crop (n): ekin archaeological (adj): arkeolojik
driver (n): sürücü, faktör crowded (adj): kalabalık
fly (n): sinek, pantolon fermuarı deaf (adj): sağır
food (n): yiyecek hard of hearing (adj): işitme güçlüğü
çeken
immigrant (n): göçmen
harmful (adj): zararlı
island (n): ada
independent (adj): bağımsız
language (n): dil
stressful (adj): stresli
month (n): ay
unpopular (adj): beğenilmeyen
parent (n): ebeveyn
easily (adv): kolay bir şekilde
part (n): parça
luckily (adv): neyse ki
partner (n): ortak, hayat arkadaşı
slightly (adv): birazcık, hafifçe
performance (n): performans, gösteri
baby (n): bebek
road (n): yol
bomb (n): bomba
skin (n): deri, kabuk
cell (n): hücre, küçük oda
smoking (n): sigara içme
culture (n): kültür
snake (n): yılan
function (n): işlev, tören
system (n): sistem
government (n): hükûmet
health (n): sağlık closed system : kapalı sistem
hurricane (n): kasırga class struggle : sınıf mücadelesi

land (n): kara, ülke take seriously : ciddiye almak
life (n): hayat leave room : odadan ayrılmak

majority (n): çoğunluk mobile phone : cep telefonu
minister (n): bakan, papaz use cell phone : cep telefonu kullanmak
orphanage (n): yetimhane smell bad : kötü kokmak

passenger (n): yolcu quite dry : oldukça kuru
policy (n): politika, sigorta senedi adopted country : yurt edinilmiş ülke
position (n): pozisyon, durum, iş speak language : dili konuşmak

correspond (v): karşılık gelmek, yazışmak make money : para kazanmak
describe (v): tasvir etmek climate change : iklim değişikliği
diminish (v): azalmak agricultural system : ziraat sistemi

discover (v): keşfetmek affect directly : doğrudan etkilemek
explode (v): patlamak poor parent : yoksul ebeveyn
fail (v): kalmak (sınav), başarısız olmak, written record : yazılı kayıt
high level : yüksek düzey
yapmak, iddia etmek crowded bus : kalabalık otobüs
reach (v): ulaşmak, uzanmak maintain life : hayatı sürdürmek
remain (v): kalmak reach land : karaya ulaşmak
send (v): göndermek end struggle : mücadeleye son vermek
support (v): desteklemek Prepositions

depend on (pv): bağlı olmak, güvenmek short of : ... eksikliği
in winter : kışın
Collocations
cold temperature : soğuk sıcaklık over time : zamanla, zaman içerisinde
kill mosquito : sivrisinek öldürmek to the contrary : aksine, zıttına
change form : şekli değiştirmek for a long time : uzun süredir
bell pepper : dolma biber live in : ...da yaşamak
long time : uzun zaman on the coast : sahilde
harmless substance : zararsız madde in conflict : çatışma içinde
have proof : kanıtı olmak deal with : ... ile anlaşma
physical exercise : fiziksel egzersiz ban from : ...dan yasaklamak
burn calorie : kalori yakmak, harcamak as a result : sonuç olarak
regular exercise : düzenli egzersiz type of : ...türü / bir tür ...
relieve stress : stresi azaltmak/gidermek at times : bazen
solar system : güneş sistemi harmful to : …için zararlı
east coast : doğu kıyısı in the world : dünyada
pay expense : masraf ödemek at sea : denizde
List of Transitions > List of Transitions
so bu yüzden sonuç
We were short of money, so we decided not to go abroad.
therefore bu yüzden sonuç
Cold temperatures kill mosquitoes, therefore, you won't see them in winter.
thus bu yüzden sonuç
The first tools were made out of stone, thus, historians refer to the period of time as the Stone Age.
as a result sonuç olarak sonuç
We were late; as a result, we missed the beginning of the movie.
for example örneğin örnek
Some insects may change their form over time. For example, caterpillars turn into butterflies.
for instance örneğin örnek
Vitamin C is found in colourful vegetables. For instance, bell peppers have a lot of vitamin C.
but fakat, ama, ancak zıtlık
Some words are spelled exactly the same, but may differ in pronunciation.
however fakat, ama, ancak zıtlık
For a long time, tobacco was thought to be a harmless substance; however, we have proof to the contrary.
yet fakat, ama, ancak zıtlık
The space shuttle takes off like a rocket, yet lands like a plane.
moreover ayrıca ekleme
The politician is too old to be our president. Moreover, he is not trustworthy.
in addition ayrıca ekleme
Regular physical exercise helps you burn the unwanted calories. In addition, it relieves stress.
furthermore ayrıca ekleme
Milky Way includes the Sun and its solar system, furthermore, it contains about 400 billion other stars.
and ve ekleme
24 million people live in Australia, and about 80% of them live on the east coast.
otherwise yoksa, aksi takdirde koşul
My father paid all my expenses; otherwise I couldn't have had university education.
that is yani, başka bir deyişle diğer
The Earth is a closed system; that is, it cannot gain or lose materials or resources.
in other words yani, başka bir deyişle diğer
Class struggle has always existed. In other words, the rich and poor have always been in conflict.
nor ne de diğer
It was a very important case, but no one took it seriously, nor did they deal with it sufficiently.
instead bunun yerine, onun yerine diğer
He didn't reply. Instead, he turned on his heel and left the room.
in fact aslında diğer
He said he had not discussed the matter with her; in fact, he had not even contacted her.
Recognition EN-TR > Introduction
1. "in fact" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "for instance" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bunun yerine, onun yerine A) yani, başka bir deyişle
B) sonuç olarak B) ne de
C) aslında C) örneğin
2. "that is" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "instead" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) fakat, ama, ancak A) bunun yerine, onun yerine

B) yani, başka bir deyişle B) ayrıca
C) bu yüzden C) bu yüzden
3. "instead" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "so" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bunun yerine, onun yerine A) bu yüzden

B) ve B) yoksa, aksi takdirde
C) aslında C) ayrıca
4. "in addition" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "for instance" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) fakat, ama, ancak A) bu yüzden

B) yani, başka bir deyişle B) aslında
C) ayrıca C) örneğin
5. "so" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "so" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

A) sonuç olarak A) aslında
B) bu yüzden B) bu yüzden
C) yani, başka bir deyişle C) yani, başka bir deyişle
6. "so" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "instead" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sonuç olarak A) fakat, ama, ancak

B) bu yüzden B) sonuç olarak
C) fakat, ama, ancak C) bunun yerine, onun yerine
7. "yet" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "therefore" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yoksa, aksi takdirde A) örneğin

B) bunun yerine, onun yerine B) bu yüzden
C) fakat, ama, ancak C) sonuç olarak
8. "therefore" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "in other words" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) bu yüzden
B) örneğin A) örneğin
C) fakat, ama, ancak B) ve
C) yani, başka bir deyişle
9. "as a result" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

A) yoksa, aksi takdirde
B) ayrıca A) bunun yerine, onun yerine
C) sonuç olarak B) sonuç olarak
C) yoksa, aksi takdirde
19. "so" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 25. "as a result" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yoksa, aksi takdirde A) sonuç olarak

B) ve B) ayrıca
C) bu yüzden C) yani, başka bir deyişle
20. "and" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 26. "thus" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ve A) örneğin
B) örneğin B) aslında
C) sonuç olarak C) bu yüzden
21. "that is" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 27. "moreover" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) fakat, ama, ancak A) ayrıca
B) sonuç olarak B) bunun yerine, onun yerine
C) yani, başka bir deyişle C) fakat, ama, ancak
22. "thus" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "yet" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) örneğin A) fakat, ama, ancak

B) bu yüzden B) yani, başka bir deyişle
C) yani, başka bir deyişle C) bu yüzden
23. "that is" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "for example" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bunun yerine, onun yerine A) aslında

B) yani, başka bir deyişle B) yoksa, aksi takdirde
C) ayrıca C) örneğin
24. "however" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "however" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) fakat, ama, ancak A) yoksa, aksi takdirde

B) ayrıca B) fakat, ama, ancak
C) bunun yerine, onun yerine C) ne de
Recognition EN-TR > Homework
1. "for instance" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "however" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) örneğin A) ayrıca
B) bu yüzden B) bunun yerine, onun yerine
C) ne de C) fakat, ama, ancak
2. "in other words" bağlacının çevirisi 10. "nor" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) ne de
A) yani, başka bir deyişle B) bu yüzden
B) ne de C) fakat, ama, ancak
C) sonuç olarak
11. "instead" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

3. "moreover" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bunun yerine, onun yerine
A) bunun yerine, onun yerine B) ve
B) sonuç olarak C) ne de
C) ayrıca
12. "instead" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

4. "in other words" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir? A) aslında
B) bunun yerine, onun yerine
A) ve
B) yani, başka bir deyişle
5. "otherwise" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? A) sonuç olarak

B) yoksa, aksi takdirde
A) yoksa, aksi takdirde
C) bunun yerine, onun yerine
B) bu yüzden
14. "yet" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
6. "in other words" bağlacının çevirisi A) bu yüzden

hangisidir? B) fakat, ama, ancak
C) ayrıca
A) yani, başka bir deyişle
B) ayrıca
C) aslında 15. "in other words" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir?
7. "but" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? A) aslında

B) yani, başka bir deyişle
A) fakat, ama, ancak
C) aslında
16. "and" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
8. "for instance" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? A) ayrıca

A) örneğin
C) ve
B) ayrıca
C) ne de
17. "in fact" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bu yüzden
B) aslında
18. "that is" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 27. "therefore" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yani, başka bir deyişle A) sonuç olarak

B) ayrıca B) ve
C) bu yüzden C) bu yüzden
19. "in addition" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "otherwise" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ve A) ayrıca
B) ayrıca B) yoksa, aksi takdirde
C) bunun yerine, onun yerine C) bu yüzden
20. "otherwise" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "in addition" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ayrıca A) örneğin
B) örneğin B) ayrıca
C) yoksa, aksi takdirde C) bunun yerine, onun yerine
21. "for instance" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "nor" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) örneğin A) ve
B) ne de B) ne de
C) yoksa, aksi takdirde C) fakat, ama, ancak
22. "in addition" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "therefore" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ve A) bu yüzden
B) ayrıca B) ne de
C) fakat, ama, ancak C) bunun yerine, onun yerine
23. "and" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 32. "therefore" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ve A) yani, başka bir deyişle

B) bunun yerine, onun yerine B) örneğin
C) örneğin C) bu yüzden
24. "in addition" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 33. "in other words" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) ayrıca
B) ne de A) ve
C) sonuç olarak B) örneğin
25. "nor" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

A) örneğin
B) ne de A) sonuç olarak
C) yani, başka bir deyişle B) ne de
26. "however" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

35. "for instance" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) fakat, ama, ancak
B) ne de A) bunun yerine, onun yerine
C) bunun yerine, onun yerine B) örneğin
36. "instead" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 45. "therefore" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bunun yerine, onun yerine A) bu yüzden

B) bu yüzden B) örneğin
C) aslında C) sonuç olarak
37. "instead" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 46. "nor" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) bu yüzden A) ayrıca
B) aslında B) ne de
C) bunun yerine, onun yerine C) bu yüzden
38. "in fact" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 47. "and" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) fakat, ama, ancak A) yani, başka bir deyişle

B) sonuç olarak B) yoksa, aksi takdirde
C) aslında C) ve
39. "moreover" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 48. "as a result" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ayrıca A) yani, başka bir deyişle

B) örneğin B) sonuç olarak
C) sonuç olarak C) ayrıca
40. "however" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 49. "that is" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) yani, başka bir deyişle A) sonuç olarak
B) örneğin B) yani, başka bir deyişle
C) fakat, ama, ancak C) fakat, ama, ancak
41. "for example" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 50. "in other words" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) bu yüzden
B) ve A) sonuç olarak
C) örneğin B) yani, başka bir deyişle

51. "that is" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) aslında
B) örneğin A) yani, başka bir deyişle
C) ne de B) yoksa, aksi takdirde
C) sonuç olarak

52. "moreover" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ne de
B) bu yüzden A) sonuç olarak
C) yoksa, aksi takdirde B) yani, başka bir deyişle
C) ayrıca

53. "yet" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sonuç olarak
B) örneğin A) sonuç olarak
C) bu yüzden B) bu yüzden
C) fakat, ama, ancak
54. "however" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 58. "in addition" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sonuç olarak A) ne de
B) yoksa, aksi takdirde B) ayrıca
C) fakat, ama, ancak C) sonuç olarak
55. "moreover" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 59. "otherwise" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ayrıca A) ve
B) yani, başka bir deyişle B) yoksa, aksi takdirde
C) yoksa, aksi takdirde C) fakat, ama, ancak
56. "in fact" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 60. "and" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) aslında A) ve
B) örneğin B) sonuç olarak
C) sonuç olarak C) yani, başka bir deyişle
57. "otherwise" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

A) yani, başka bir deyişle
B) yoksa, aksi takdirde
C) ne de
Meaning Exercise > Homework
Bağlaçların Türkçe karşılıklarını boşluklara yazınız.
for example therefore
in other words in addition
instead for instance
as a result furthermore
furthermore furthermore
thus yet
but moreover
however in addition
that is for instance
but instead
in other words nor
moreover thus
and as a result
in fact but
yet therefore
yet otherwise
moreover and
so thus
so instead
moreover but
so otherwise
furthermore in other words
for example for instance
in other words nor
nor yet
for instance in other words
therefore moreover
so that is
that is nor
in fact as a result
for instance in fact
furthermore for example
in fact yet
and otherwise
as a result for example
and however
for example in addition
however but
in fact instead
thus however
therefore in addition
in addition that is
therefore however
instead otherwise
otherwise nor
so as a result
thus and
1: Mobile phone use can cause drivers to take their 6: We'd better cover up the food until we start
eyes off the road; therefore, they should be banned eating, otherwise, the flies will get into it.
from using cell phones. TR:
TR:
7: Women generally make less money than men, as

a result they have less money to save.
TR:
2: Smoking is dangerous. Moreover, it makes you

smell bad.
TR:
8: Climate change can directly affect agricultural

systems, for example by influencing the types of
3: The skin of a snake is not rough or slimy, in fact,
crops.
it is quite dry and smooth.
TR:
TR:
4: Japan is made up of islands, but it is considered

a part of the Asian continent.
TR: 9: Partners challenge each other to do better, thus
leading to a better performance for each of them.
TR:
5: Children of immigrants learn to speak the

language of their adopted country without an
accent; however, the parents rarely do so.
TR: 10: The metabolism of the cobra is very slow, so it
only needs to eat every couple of months.
TR:
1: The poor parents could not support the baby. 6: English will be the language of all the countries in
Therefore, they sent him to an orphanage. the world, so people in the world can correspond
TR: easily.
TR:
2: The Wessex culture is an archaeological culture;

that is, it is not described in written records, and is
known only through artifacts.
TR: 7: The majority of hurricanes do not reach land;
instead, they remain at sea.
TR:
8: The struggle didn't end, nor was it any less

diminished.
TR:
3: High level positions are stressful at times. In
addition, they can be harmful to your health.
TR:
9: My grandmother is hard of hearing. In other

words, she is slightly deaf.
TR:
4: A bomb was discovered by a passenger on a

crowded bus, but luckily it failed to explode.
TR:
10: The government's policy was unpopular.
Furthermore, it wasn't supported by all the
ministers.
TR:
5: The function of an organism depends on its own

cells, yet each cell maintains its own independent
life.
TR:
1 masraf moreover matter expense skin
2 kolay bir şekilde easily decide turn into directly

3 ülke, taşra country gain thus movie
4 farklı olmak differ substance start luckily
5 güvenilir minister hurricane reply trustworthy
kurtarmak, birikim
6 yapmak, tasarruf etmek, lose save that is unpopular
kaydetmek
7 önemli generally deaf word important
8 bağımsız fly politician heel independent
9 yılan send differ snake smell
10 cevap vermek luckily otherwise reply take off
11 tam olarak majority exactly slow smoking
12 kelebek for example function butterfly unwanted
13 sağır deaf directly discover president
14 değişiklik, para üstü unpopular proof abroad change
15 bakan, papaz consider minister luckily easily
16 renkli bomb cause colourful land
17 fakir, yetersiz, zavallı poor important gain period
başa çıkmak, ...ile ilgili
18 deal with cause think health
olmak
19 böcek historian smell harmful insect
20 madde, önem performance support dangerous substance
21 sinek, pantolon fermuarı fly independent challenge fail
22 içermek harmful education hurricane include
23 göçmen say immigrant in addition reach
24 işlev, tören cell phone function lose contain
25 dönüşmek get into send turn into agricultural
26 tarımsal word poor minister agricultural
27 balçıkla kaplı, yağcı vegetable in fact slimy discuss
örtbas etmek, üstünü
28 furthermore lose same cover up
örtmek
29 deri, kabuk baby skin immigrant harmful
karşılık gelmek,
30 moreover cell phone support correspond
yazışmak
31 kanıt part proof depend on climate
32 kalabalık stone cell crowded make up
33 passenger slightly maintain contact
yapmak, iddia etmek
34 temas kurmak contact education change remain
35 kasırga turn on one's hurricane maintain sufficiently
heel
36 yol ban language stone road
37 tehlikeli partner be short of dangerous in other words
38 yasaklamak ban hurricane remain material
39 tarihçi deal with ban caterpillar historian
40 yurt dışında abroad describe money find
41 zararlı refer to butterfly position harmful
42 azalmak diminish archaeological minister country
43 başkan exactly life president snake
turn on one's
44 hücre, küçük oda deal with money cell
heel
evlat edinmek,
45 orphanage dangerous speak adopt
benimsemek
pürüzlü, yaklaşık,
46 in other words rough food adopt
şiddetli, güç
47 tasvir etmek describe resource island use
48 hükûmet politician government instead harmless
49 tırtıl poor caterpillar remain function
50 pürüzsüz, sorunsuz smooth support cause even
end implement adopt place meet
coast pay struggle seriously adopted
change harmless burn regular relieve
speak make directly maintain reach
1 ---- form şekli değiştirmek
2 ---- substance zararsız madde
3 ---- calorie kalori yakmak, harcamak
4 ---- exercise düzenli egzersiz
5 ---- stress stresi azaltmak/gidermek
6 east ---- doğu kıyısı
7 ---- expense masraf ödemek
8 class ---- sınıf mücadelesi
9 take ---- ciddiye almak
10 ---- country yurt edinilmiş ülke
11 ---- language dili konuşmak
12 ---- money para kazanmak
13 affect ---- doğrudan etkilemek
14 ---- life hayatı sürdürmek
15 ---- land karaya ulaşmak
16 ---- struggle mücadeleye son vermek
17 ---- a policy politika uygulamak
18 ---- a child bir çocuk evlat edinmek
19 ---- a bomb bomba yerleştirmek
20 ---- expense masrafı karşılamak
1 short ---- ... eksikliği

2 ---- time zamanla, zaman içerisinde
3 ---- the contrary aksine, zıttına
4 ---- a long time uzun süredir
5 ---- the coast sahilde
6 ---- conflict çatışma içinde
7 deal ---- ... ile anlaşma
8 ban ---- ...dan yasaklamak
9 ---- a result sonuç olarak
10 ---- times bazen
11 harmful ---- …için zararlı
13 ---- sea denizde
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Transitions ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Conjunctions
• Unit Words
• List of Conjunctions
polar (adj): kutup

Vocabulary
airless (adj): havasız previous (adj): önceki
ancient (adj): eski private (adj): özel
animal (adj): hayvani real (adj): gerçek
available (adj): mevcut, müsait remaining (adj): arta kalan
bright (adj): parlak, zeki round (adj): yuvarlak
conventional (adj): geleneksel serious (adj): ciddi
curable (adj): tedavi edilebilir simple (adj): basit
dangerous (adj): tehlikeli stationary (adj): hareketsiz
dense (adj): yoğun venomous (adj): zehirli
different (adj): farklı wide (adj): geniş
expensive (adj): pahalı deep (adj, adv): derin
extinct (adj): nesli tükenmiş, sönmüş accordingly (adv): bu doğrultuda

(yanardağ) actively (adv): etkin bir şekilde
extreme (adj): aşırı again (adv): tekrar
famous (adj): meşhur ago (adv): önce
federal (adj): federal almost (adv): neredeyse
finite (adj): sonlu approximately (adv): yaklaşık olarak
great (adj): büyük, mükemmel commonly (adv): yaygın olarak, ortaklaşa
harsh (adj): sert consistently (adv): tutarlı bir şekilde
healthy (adj): sağlıklı immediately (adv): derhal, hemen
high (adj): yüksek, kafayı bulmuş (yakınında)
important (adj): önemli never (adv): asla
lethal (adj): ölümcül possibly (adv): muhtemelen, mümkün

olduğunca
lifelong (adj): ömür boyu süren
rather (adv): oldukça, daha doğrusu
light (adj): hafif, açık (renk)
undoubtedly (adv): hiç süphesiz
limited (adj): sınırlı, limitet şirket
well (adv): iyi bir şekilde
long (adj): uzun
ability (n): yetenek
lost (adj): kayıp
main (adj): ana
address (n): adres, resmi konuşma
massive (adj): muazzam
airbag (n): hava yastığı
moving (adj): hareketli, duygulandırıcı
alternative (n): seçenek
necessary (adj): gerekli
amount (n): miktar
northern (adj): kuzey
axis (n): eksen
obese (adj): obez
bear (n): ayı
orange (adj): turuncu
benefit (n): yarar, devlet yardımı
overweight (adj): aşırı kilolu
biosphere (n): biyosfer
painful (adj): acı verici
brain (n): beyin ice (n): buz
branch (n): branş, dal, nehir kolu independence (n): bağımsızlık
breath (n): nefes individual (n): birey
buffalo (n): bufalo inspector (n): müfettiş

burglar (n): hırsız instruction (n): talimat, öğretim
cemetery (n): mezarlık invention (n): icat, uydurma
cheetah (n): çita killer (n): katil
citizen (n): vatandaş language (n): dil

college (n): üniversite law (n): hukuk, kanun
committee (n): komite leaf (n): yaprak
communication (n): iletişim life (n): hayat

computer (n): bilgisayar machine (n): makine
contract (n): sözleşme malaria (n): sıtma

coral (n): mercan manufacturer (n): imalatçı
country (n): ülke, taşra marriage (n): evlilik
court (n): mahkeme, kort, saray mass (n): yığın, kütle

creature (n): yaratık menace (n): tehlike, çok yaramaz çocuk
crowd (n): kalabalık mercury (n): cıva
dam (n): baraj moon (n): ay, (doğal) uydu

deforestation (n): ormansızlaşma mosquito (n): sivrisinek
difficulty (n): zorluk motive (n): sebep
earth (n): dünya, toprak Mount (n): dağ

earthquake (n): deprem nature (n): doğa, karakter
energy (n): enerji need (n): ihtiyaç
eruption (n): patlama (yanardağ) object (n): cisim, amaç

evidence (n): kanıt organism (n): organizma
extinction (n): nesli tükenme organizer (n): düzenleyici
factory (n): fabrika ownership (n): sahiplik

fire (n): ateş, yangın, ateş etme (silah) paper (n): kâğıt, gazete, belge, makale
flood (n): sel, bolluk parent (n): ebeveyn
flooding (n): sel part (n): parça

food (n): yiyecek patient (n): hasta
function (n): işlev, tören penicillin (n): penisilin

government (n): hükûmet photographer (n): fotoğrafçı
health (n): sağlık pill (n): hap
heat (n): ısı place (n): yer

hemisphere (n): yarı küre, beyin yarısı planet (n): gezegen
home (n): ev, yurt pocket (n): cep
human (n): insan police (n): polis (teşkilatı)
potato (n): patates winner (n): galip
predator (n): yırtıcı hayvan winter (n): kış
probe (n): araştırma, sonda woman (n): kadın

proposal (n): teklif, evlenme teklifi writing (n): yazı, yazma
race (n): yarış, ırk year (n): yıl
rate (n): oran, ücret absorb (v): emmek, odaklanmak, (bilgi)

kavramak
regulation (n): düzenleme
adjust (v): ayarlamak, alışmak
resource (n): kaynak
river (n): nehir
allow (v): izin vermek, olanak sağlamak
satellite (n): (yapay) uydu
announce (v): duyurmak
shape (n): şekil
appear (v): ortaya çıkmak, ... gibi
size (n): ebat görünmek
skill (n): beceri arrive (v): varmak
source (n): kaynak become (v): olmak
speed (n): hız begin (v): başlamak
star (n): yıldız, ünlü believe (v): inanmak
state (n): durum, devlet, eyalet benefit (v): yararlanmak
story (n): hikaye, haber bite (v): ısırmak
stream (n): dere, akım build (v): inşa etmek
sun (n): güneş calculate (v): hesaplamak
supply (n): kaynak change (v): değişmek, (para) bozdurmak
syphilis (n): frengi contain (v): içermek, kontrol altına almak
technology (n): teknoloji control (v): kontrol etmek
temperature (n): sıcaklık cover (v): kaplamak
terrorism (n): terörizm decline (v): azalmak, reddetmek,
gerilemek
thermometer (n): ısı ölçer
decrease (v): azalmak
tree (n): ağaç
defuse (v): etkisiz hale getirmek,
trunk (n): ağaç gövdesi, fil hortumu,
yatıştırmak
sandık, araba bagajı
vacation (n): tatil
develop (v): gelişmek, ortaya çıkmak
valuables (n): değerli eşyalar
die (v): ölmek
volume (n): hacim, cilt, ses (gücü)
end (v): bitmek
wall (n): duvar
examine (v): incelemek, sınav yapmak
war (n): savaş
excavate (v): kazı yapmak
watch (n): kol saati, nöbet
exceed (v): aşmak
water (n): su
exercise (v): egzersiz yapmak, kullanmak
weapon (n): silah
exist (v): var olmak
whale (n): balina
experience (v): tecrübe etmek
wife (n): karı
extinguish (v): söndürmek
fail (v): kalmak (sınav), başarısız olmak, seem (v): ... gibi görünmek
feed (v): beslemek
set (v): ayarlamak, (güneş vb.) batmak, (bir
feel (v): hissetmek yerde) geçmek
find (v): bulmak shed (v): dökmek (yaprak, gözyaşı vb.),
elden çıkarmak
shrink (v): küçülmek
grow (v): büyümek çalıştırmak
happen (v): meydana gelmek stay (v): kalmak
heal (v): iyileştirmek study (v): çalışmak (ders), incelemek
increase (v): artmak tackle (v): ele almak
influence (v): etkilemek talk (v): konuşmak
insure (v): sigortalamak think (v): düşünmek
invent (v): icat etmek, uydurmak transmit (v): iletmek, geçmek
kill (v): öldürmek treat (v): davranmak, tedavi etmek,
ısmarlamak
know (v): bilmek
unearth (v): ortaya çıkarmak
lack (v): eksik olmak
use (v): kullanmak
verify (v): doğrulamak
limit (v): sınırlamak
violate (v): ihlal etmek
live (v): yaşamak
math (n): matematik
move (v): hareket etmek, taşınmak,
duygulandırmak glasses (n): gözlük
overhear (v): kulak misafiri olmak basic (adj): temel
paint (v): boyamak treatable (adj): tedavi edilebilir
pass (v): geçmek, uzatmak, pas vermek to the contrary (trans): aksine
probe (v): araştırmak ever since (conj, prep): ...den beri
proceed (v): ilerlemek at the time (adv): o anda
produce (v): üretmek, neden olmak cast aside (pv): bir kenara bırakmak
protect (v): korumak do with (pv): ...ile alakalı olmak
pursue (v): takip etmek give birth (pv): doğurmak
put (v): koymak be about to do (phr): ...yapmak üzere
olmak
receive (v): almak
pass away (pv): vefat etmek
reflect (v): yansıtmak
as soon as (conj): …er ...mez
regard (v): ...olarak görmek, dikkatlice
bakmak go away (pv): uzaklaşmak, kaybolmak
rescue (v): kurtarmak show up (pv): gelmek
rise (v): yükselmek, doğmak (güneş), make up (pv): oluşturmak, uydurmak, telafi
ayağa kalkmak etmek, makyaj yapmak, barışmak
rotate (v): döndürmek, sırayla değiştirmek take place (pv): meydana gelmek
see (v): görmek, anlamak, ziyaret etmek anorexia (n): iştahsızlık
until (conj, prep): ...e kadar mankind (n): insanoğlu
blow up (pv): havaya uçurmak, şişirmek, money (n): para

kopmak (fırtına)
monkey (n): maymun
live with (pv): ...ile birlikte yaşamak,
katlanmak population (n): nüfus
refer to (pv): söz etmek, ifade etmek, göz primate (n): primat
atmak, havale etmek
revolution (n): devrim, dönüşüm, devinim
take on (pv): üstlenmek, ... hal almak, işe
almak, kapışmak
space (n): alan, uzay
no longer (adv): artık daha
species (n): tür (canlı)
be made up of (pv): ...dan oluşmak
transportation (n): taşıma
in case (conj): ...r diye
treatment (n): tedavi, muamele
a majority of (q): ...nın çoğunluğu
wonder (n): hayret
climatic (adj): iklimsel
adapt (v): uyum sağlamak
dramatic (adj): çarpıcı, tiyatroyla ilgili
aid (v): yardım etmek
falling (adj): düşen
collapse (v): çökmek
fatal (adj): ölümcül
stable (adj): sabit
emerge (v): ortaya çıkmak
always (adv): daima, tekrar tekrar (şikayet)
fascinate (v): büyülemek
plainly (adv): sade bir şekilde, açık bir
şekilde hover (v): havada asılı kalmak, dolanıp
durmak, durmak
typically (adv): tipik olarak
ape (n): maymun
ash (n): kül, dişbudak ağacı
remain (v): kalmak
beginning (n): başlangıç
save (v): kurtarmak, birikim yapmak,
brink (n): eşik, kenar
tasarruf etmek, kaydetmek
undergo (v): maruz kalmak
climate (n): iklim
wastewater (n): atık su
collapse (n): çöküş
belong to (pv): ait olmak
put aside (pv): bir kenara koymak
cost (n): maliyet, bedel
result in (pv): ... ile sonuçlanmak
diagnosis (n): teşhis
on the brink of (pp): ...nın eşiğinde
disorder (n): bozukluk
do well (pv): iyi gitmek
economy (n): ekonomi
emergency (n): acil durum
detrimental (adj): zararlı
epilepsy (n): epilepsi
eager (adj): istekli
family (n): aile
economic (adj): ekonomik, kârlı
fishing (n): balıkçılık
environmental (adj): çevresel
growth (n): büyüme, şişlik
heavy (adj): ağır, yoğun
habitat (n): yaşam alanı
industrial (adj): endüstriyel
mild (adj): yumuşak (hava), hafif, sakin
moderate (adj): ılımlı rainfall (n): yağmur yağışı
poor (adj): fakir, yetersiz, zavallı rebel (n): isyancı

rich (adj): zengin role (n): görev, rol
toxic (adj): zehirli scientist (n): bilim insanı
vivid (adj): canlı sheep (n): koyun

willing (adj): istekli spider (n): örümcek
already (adv): çoktan street (n): cadde
fully (adv): tamamıyla sugar (n): şeker

gradually (adv): aşamalı olarak team (n): takım
literally (adv): kelimenin tam anlamıyla town (n): kasaba, çarşı
particularly (adv): özellikle troop (n): askeri birlik

quite (adv): oldukça village (n): köy
regularly (adv): düzenli olarak abandon (v): terk etmek

air (n): hava, havayolu age (v): yaşlanmak
body (n): vücut, ceset, kütle cause (v): sebep olmak
bomb (n): bomba design (v): tasarlamak

boss (n): patron distinguish (v): ayırt etmek
cloning (n): klonlama follow (v): takip etmek, anlamak
consumer (n): tüketici inhale (v): soluk almak, çok hızlı yemek
consumption (n): tüketim look (v): bakmak, görünmek

copy (n): kopya meet (v): buluşmak, tanışmak, gidermek
demand (n): talep provide (v): sağlamak
employee (n): çalışan speed (v): hızlanmak

erosion (n): erozyon spend (v): harcamak
headline (n): manşet threaten (v): tehdit etmek

hot button (n): önemli konu close off (pv): girişi kapamak
impact (n): etki, darbe search for (pv): aramak
insect (n): böcek

Collocations
issue (n): mesele, sayı (dergi, gazete) announce winner : kazananı duyurmak
joint (n): eklem, ek yeri, büyük parça et, medical treatment : tıbbi tedavi
ucuz lokanta
seek treatment : tedavi aramak
kidnapper (n): adam kaçıran
defuse a bomb : bombayı etkisiz hale
liver (n): karaciğer getirmek
microbe (n): mikrop give treatment : tedavi etmek
onset (n): başlangıç federal police : federal polis
opportunity (n): fırsat shed leaf : yaprak dökmek
pollution (n): kirlilik air travel : havayolu seyahati
powerhouse (n): güç noktası physical activity : fiziksel/ bedensel
price (n): fiyat aktivite
surgical wound : cerrahi yara
hold breath : nefesini tutmak limited resources : sınırlı kaynaklar
nervous system : sinir sistemi raw material : ham madde
solar system : güneş sistemi Earth may rotate : dünya ekseni etrafında
dönebilir
recent years : son yıllar
dramatic change : büyük/çarpıcı değişiklik
get old : yaşlanmak
undergo change : değişiklik geçirmek
take on shape : şekil almak
extinguish fire : yangını söndürmek
temperature may increase : sıcaklık
artabilir climate change : iklim değişikliği
main issue : ana sorun habitat loss : yaşam alanı kaybı
catch thief : hırsızı yakalamak plant life : bitki yaşamı

police officer : polis memuru drinking water : içme suyu
flee scene : olay yerinden kaçmak natural gas : doğal gaz

drink water : su içmek remote area : uzak bölge
earthquake may occur : deprem meydana key issue : temel konu

gelebilir
great success : büyük başarı
cause complication : komplikasyona
neden olmak disappear suddenly : aniden kaybolmak
study hard : çok (ders) çalışmak climatic condition : iklim koşulları
get grade : not almak remain stable : sabit kalmak
low grade : düşük seviye, not blood test : kan tahlili
well aware : gayet farkında meet demand : talebi karşılamak
run fast : hızlı koşmak national park : ulusal park
flight recorder : uçuş kayıt cihazı environmental impact : çevresel etki
black box : kara kutu economic opportunity : ekonomik fırsat
vowel sound : ünlü ses negative impact : olumsuz etki
absorb heat : ısıyı emmek provide opportunity : imkân/fırsat sunmak
high blood pressure : yüksek tansiyon rebel troops : isyancı askeri birlikler
human race : insan ırkı lose ability : yeteneğini kaybetmek
cause extinction : yok olmasına neden original painting : orijinal tablo

olmak
distinguish easily : kolayca ayırt etmek
ice may melt : buz eriyebilir
cause erosion : erozyona/aşınmaya
sea level : deniz seviyesi neden olmak
go to war : savaşa girmek heavy rainfall : yoğun yağış
seat belt : emniyet kemeri serious fire : ciddi/tehlikeli yangın
previous year : önceki yıl have knowledge : bilgi sahibi olmak
hydroelectric power : hidroelektrik güç Prepositions

environmental pollution : çevre kirliliği graduate from : ...dan mezun olmak
take measure : önlem almak eruption of : ... patlaması
lose consciousness : bilincini kaybetmek covered in : …ile kaplı
panic attack : panik atak in captivity : tutsak
watch sky : gökyüzünü izlemek compared to : … ile karşılaştırıldığında
in the universe : evrende chance for : …için şans
common in : ...da yaygın equip with : ...ile donatmak
revolve around : ...etrafında dönmek in whisper : fısıldayarak

gather around : ... etrafında toplanmak in size : büyüklük bakımından
regard as : …olarak görmek supply of : ... arzı, temini

on Earth : Dünya'da emerge from : …dan çıkmak
in the act : suç üstü fascinated with : ...dan çok etkilenmek,

hayran kalmak
protect from : ...dan korumak
adapt to : …ya uyum sağlamak
occur in : ...da meydana gelmek
in number : sayıca
as a child : çocukken
die from : …dan ölmek
rate of : ...nın oranı
exposed to : …ya maruz kalmış
in the world : dünyada
detrimental to : …ya zararlı
around the world : dünya genelinde |
dünyanın etrafında arrive at : ...ya ulaşmak/varmak
aware of : …nın farkında distinguish from : …dan ayırt etmek
List of Conjunctions > List of Conjunctions
after + SVO conjunction

...den sonra tense bağlacı
after + noun preposition
After I graduated from college, I moved back home and lived with my parents for three years.
Jack had difficulty adjusting to life on his own after his wife passed away.
Over 2,000 people died in Pompeii after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.
as soon as + SVO conjunction ...er ...mez tense bağlacı
The organizers will announce the winners as soon as the race has finished.
As soon as we had received instructions, we proceeded accordingly.
once + SVO
conjunction ...den sonra tense bağlacı
once + V3
Once I've found somewhere to live, I'll send you my address.
The inspector will probe the source of the fire once it is extinguished,
Once bitten by a venomous cobra, one should immediately seek medical treatment.
before + SVO conjunction

...den önce tense bağlacı
before + noun preposition
They defused the bomb before it blew up.
Before Columbus got to America, potatoes weren’t grown in Europe.
Writing started long before the invention of paper.
until + SVO conjunction
...e kadar tense bağlacı
until + noun preposition
The patient will not be given any treatment until the doctor has examined him.
Until more evidence is found, the police cannot verify the killer’s motive.
Until approximately 9000 years ago, Ireland was covered in ice.
by the time + SVO conjunction ...e kadar tense bağlacı
By the time federal police rescued him, he had been in captivity for almost two weeks.
The trees will have shed all of their leaves by the time winter arrives.
when + SVO
conjunction ...dığı zaman tense bağlacı
when + V3
When air travel started in the twentieth century, it was very expensive.
Flooding takes place when the volume of water exceeds the normal amount.
When compared to other stars in the universe, the Sun is of average size.
while + SVO
conjunction ...iken tense bağlacı
while + Ving
conjunction
while + SVO ...e rağmen, fakat, oysa zıtlık bağlacı
transition
Physical activity should be limited while the surgical wounds heal.
While the Great Wall of China was being built, it was commonly referred to as 'the longest cemetery on earth'.
Flamingos hold their breath while feeding.
While corals lack a brain, they have a simple nervous system.
99.86% of the solar system's mass is contained within the sun while the remaining mass is made up of the eight
planets.
Anorexia most commonly affects girls and women, while it has become more common in boys and men in recent
years.
as + SVO conjunction ...iken tense bağlacı
as + SVO conjunction ...dıkça tense bağlacı
conjunction
as + SVO ...dığı için, çünkü sebep bağlacı
transition
as + SVO
as + prep conjunction ...gibi benzetme bağlacı
as + Verb
Earth rotates about its polar axis as it revolves around the Sun.
As she was leaving the court, a crowd of photographers gathered around her.
As we get older, staying healthy becomes more and more important.
Mercury inside of a thermometer takes on a different shape and volume as the temperature increases or
decreases.
As your proposal had nothing to do with the main issue, the committee cast it aside.
Saturn is very light as it is made up of more hydrogen than helium, so it is less dense.
The African buffalo is regarded as a very dangerous animal, as it kills over 200 people every year.
Giving birth was very painful as you well know. I don't think I can do it again.
Basic math skills will be necessary, as will basic communication skills
Without water, life, as we know it now, wouldn’t exist on Earth.
just as + SVO tam... iken tense bağlacı

conjunction
just as + SVO tıpkı ... gibi ... benzetme bağlacı
The thief was caught in the act, just as he was putting the watch in his pocket.
A police officer showed up just as the burglar was trying to flee the scene.
Just as a tree has a main trunk and many branches, a river system is made up of a main river and all its smaller
streams.
Plants have the ability to protect themselves from predators just as all other creatures do.
since + SVO conjunction
since + noun prep

...den beri tense bağlacı
ever since + SVO conjunction
ever since + noun prep
conjunction
since + SVO ...dığı için, çünkü sebep bağlacı
transition
Television has been influencing our lives since it was developed 80 years ago.
Since life began, many organisms have been lost from the biosphere through extinction.
Marriage as a contract between a man and a woman has existed since ancient times.
Ever since penicillin was invented, syphilis has been treatable and curable.
India has been tackling the menace of terrorism ever since its independence.
Almost 1,700 years after the eruption, Pompeii was unearthed by accident, and it has been consistently excavated
and studied ever since.
Since the first computers were stationary, manufacturers saw no real need to shrink the size of the machines.
Everyone believes his story since there is no evidence to the contrary.
Early glasses were all round, since it was the easiest shape to make at the time.
conjunction
because + SVO ...dığı için, çünkü sebep bağlacı
transition
Because the moon is airless, waterless satellite with harsh extreme temperatures, no kind of life could possibly
exist there.
Cheetah drinks water every 3 to 4 days because it absorbs part of the water from the food.
The conventional machines are no longer used in many factories, because digital ones can do more functions.
conjunction
although + SVO ...e rağmen, fakat zıtlık bağlacı
transition
Although the Grand Canyon is very famous, it is not the widest, deepest, or longest canyon in the world.
The northern hemisphere experiences more although earthquakes occur in both hemispheres.
Some allergies go away as a child gets older, although many are lifelong.
conjunction
though + SVO ...e rağmen, fakat zıtlık bağlacı
transition
Though the earthquake affected only a little part of the country, the death toll was rather high.
Africa has the highest deforestation in the world though the rate of deforestation has declined since 2000.
These pills are available around the world, though many of them can cause serious health complications.
I studied hard for my English test. I still got a low grade though.
conjunction
even though + SVO ...e rağmen, fakat zıtlık bağlacı
transition
Even though a majority of people are well aware of the benefits of exercising, many don't pursue it actively.
Bears can run faster than humans even though they are massive.
Flight recorders often are referred to as black boxes, even though they usually are painted bright orange.
conjunction
whereas + SVO ...e rağmen, fakat, oysa zıtlık bağlacı
transition
Whereas English has just five vowel sounds, some languages have 30 or more.
In communism private ownership is not allowed whereas in democracy it is allowed.
The colour black absorbs heat, whereas the colour white reflects it.
if + SVO conjunction (eğer) ...se koşul bağlacı
Your chances for having high blood pressure are greater if you're overweight or obese.
If technology is used to destroy nature, it can cause the extinction of the human race.
If the ice at Antarctica melted, the sea levels would rise by 200 feet.
Undoubtedly, the government would have passed the law if it had benefited all the citizens.
as long as + SVO
conjunction ...dığı sürece koşul bağlacı
so long as + SVO
As long as there are weapons, there will be wars.
Individual states can make regulations as long as they do not violate federal standards.
Kinetic energy can be calculated for any moving object so long as the objects' mass and speed are known.
unless + SVO conjunction ...mezse, ...medikçe koşul bağlacı
The government does not want to go to war unless all other alternatives have failed.
Unless whales are protected, they will become extinct.
Malaria is transmitted to humans from female mosquitoes and can be lethal unless treated.
even if + SVO conjunction ...se bile koşul bağlacı
Seat belts are necessary even if your car is equipped with airbags.
Even if you've already had a flu vaccine in previous years, you need another one each year.
so that + SVO conjunction ...sın diye, böylece amaç bağlacı
They talked in whispers so that nobody would overhear them.
The dam was built so that it could control floods, and produce hydroelectric power.
in case + SVO conjunction ...rsa diye tedbir bağlacı
The government should take several measures in case the environmental pollution increases.
You should insure all your valuables before you leave on vacation in case something happens while you're away.
as if + SVO conjunction (sanki) ...mış gibi diğer
as though + SVO
During a panic attack, the individual may feel as if he or she is about to lose consciousness and even die.
If you watch the sky for a month, it seems as if the moon changes in size and shape.
Earth is a finite place with limited resources, yet we live as though our supply of raw materials will never end.
As the Earth rotates, it appears as though the moon is rising and setting.
1. "unless" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "in case" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...se bile A) ...r diye, ...rsa diye

B) ...den sonra B) ...e kadar
C) ...mezse, ...medikçe C) ...den sonra
2. "while" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "ever since" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...dığı sürece A) ...den beri

B) tam ...iken B) tıpkı … gibi
C) ...iken C) ...den sonra
3. "once" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "if" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

A) ...dığı zaman A) ...dığı sürece
B) …den sonra B) (eğer) ...se
C) ...dıkça, ...dikçe C) ...r diye, ...rsa diye
4. "so long as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "while" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...dığı sürece A) ...er ...mez

B) her ne zaman ...se B) ...e rağmen, fakat
C) ...den beri C) ...r diye, ...rsa diye
5. "by the time" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "while" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) (eğer) ...se A) ...sın diye, böylece

B) her ne zaman ...se B) her ne zaman ...se
C) …e kadar C) ...e rağmen, oysa
6. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...mezse, ...medikçe A) ...iken

B) ...dığı sürece B) ...se bile
C) ...iken C) ...e rağmen, fakat
7. "although" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

A) ...dığı sürece A) ...dığı zaman
B) ...e rağmen, fakat B) ...dığı için, çünkü
C) ...r diye, ...rsa diye C) sadece/ancak ...se
8. "when" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e kadar A) ...dıkça, ...dikçe

B) …dığı zaman B) (sanki) ...mış gibi
C) ...r diye, ...rsa diye C) ...e rağmen, oysa
9. "just as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "until" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tıpkı … gibi A) …e kadar

B) ...er ...mez B) ...den beri
C) ...e rağmen, fakat C) ...mezse, ...medikçe
19. "since" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 25. "in case" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, oysa A) ...e rağmen, fakat
B) ...den beri B) ...r diye, ...rsa diye
C) ...e rağmen, fakat C) ...dığı zaman
20. "as though" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 26. "because" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...den önce A) ...se bile
B) ...r diye, ...rsa diye B) ...den önce
C) (sanki) ...mış gibi C) ...dığı için, çünkü
21. "even if" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 27. "so that" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) (eğer) ...se A) ...sın diye, böylece

B) ...se bile B) (sanki) ...mış gibi
C) (sanki) ...mış gibi C) ...dığı zaman
22. "since" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "since" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, oysa A) ...den önce

B) ...r diye, ...rsa diye B) ...dığı için, çünkü
C) ...dığı için, çünkü C) ...dıkça, ...dikçe
23. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "though" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...mezse, ...medikçe A) ...dığı zaman
B) (sanki) ...mış gibi B) ...e rağmen, fakat
C) ...iken C) (eğer) ...se
24. "unless" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "before" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, oysa A) ...dığı sürece

B) ...e kadar B) her ne zaman ...se
C) ...mezse, ...medikçe C) …den önce
1. "as long as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "so long as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...dığı sürece A) tam ...iken

B) (eğer) ...se B) ...e rağmen, oysa
C) ...den beri C) ...dığı sürece
2. "since" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "just as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tam ...iken A) tam ...iken

B) sadece/ancak ...se B) ...dıkça, ...dikçe
C) ...dığı için, çünkü C) ...dığı için, çünkü
3. "after" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "until" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) tam ...iken A) (sanki) ...mış gibi

B) …den sonra B) …e kadar
C) ...iken C) ...dığı zaman
4. "as soon as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "while" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) her ne zaman ...se A) ...den sonra
B) …er …mez B) ...iken
C) ...den beri C) ...dığı için, çünkü
5. "although" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "whereas" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sadece/ancak ...se A) ...sın diye, böylece

B) ...e rağmen, fakat B) ...e rağmen, oysa
C) ...er ...mez C) ...den sonra
6. "as soon as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "though" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …er …mez A) ...er ...mez

B) tıpkı … gibi B) ...dıkça, ...dikçe
C) ...den önce C) ...e rağmen, fakat
7. "as soon as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …er …mez A) ...e rağmen, fakat
B) ...mezse, ...medikçe B) ...dığı için, çünkü
C) ...sın diye, böylece C) her ne zaman ...se
8. "even if" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "in case" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...se bile A) sadece/ancak ...se

B) ...den beri B) tam ...iken
C) ...mezse, ...medikçe C) ...r diye, ...rsa diye
9. "as long as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, oysa A) ...e rağmen, oysa

B) ...dığı sürece B) ...dığı için, çünkü
C) ...e kadar C) ...dığı sürece
19. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "as soon as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, fakat A) ...mezse, ...medikçe
B) ...e rağmen, oysa B) ...r diye, ...rsa diye
C) … gibi C) …er …mez
20. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "while" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...dıkça, ...dikçe A) ...mezse, ...medikçe
B) sadece/ancak ...se B) ...iken
C) ...r diye, ...rsa diye C) ...dıkça, ...dikçe
21. "though" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "by the time" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sadece/ancak ...se A) …e kadar

B) ...mezse, ...medikçe B) ...se bile
C) ...e rağmen, fakat C) ...den beri
22. "just as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "just as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...dığı için, çünkü A) ...r diye, ...rsa diye

B) tam ...iken B) tıpkı … gibi
C) (sanki) ...mış gibi C) ...er ...mez
23. "although" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 32. "while" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...dıkça, ...dikçe A) ...r diye, ...rsa diye
B) ...e rağmen, fakat B) ...iken
C) ...mezse, ...medikçe C) … gibi
24. "until" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 33. "just as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) (sanki) ...mış gibi A) ...er ...mez
B) …e kadar B) tam ...iken
C) ...sın diye, böylece C) (eğer) ...se
25. "just as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 34. "as if" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...den sonra A) tıpkı … gibi

B) tam ...iken B) (eğer) ...se
C) ...e rağmen, oysa C) (sanki) ...mış gibi
A) ...den beri A) ...r diye, ...rsa diye

B) her ne zaman ...se B) ...dıkça, ...dikçe
C) ...iken C) her ne zaman ...se
27. "when" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 36. "if" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …dığı zaman A) tam ...iken
B) ...dığı için, çünkü B) ...se bile
C) ...e rağmen, oysa C) (eğer) ...se
37. "before" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 46. "ever since" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) (sanki) ...mış gibi A) ...den beri

B) …den önce B) ...dığı için, çünkü
C) ...sın diye, böylece C) ...e kadar
38. "as though" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 47. "while" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, oysa A) ...iken

B) ...mezse, ...medikçe B) tam ...iken
C) (sanki) ...mış gibi C) ...dığı sürece
39. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 48. "so that" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) … gibi A) ...sın diye, böylece
B) (eğer) ...se B) tıpkı … gibi
C) sadece/ancak ...se C) ...e kadar
40. "while" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 49. "as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e rağmen, oysa A) (sanki) ...mış gibi
B) ...dıkça, ...dikçe B) ...sın diye, böylece
C) ...er ...mez C) … gibi
41. "before" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 50. "since" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …den önce A) ...den beri

B) tam ...iken B) ...e kadar
C) ...e rağmen, fakat C) ...den sonra
A) (sanki) ...mış gibi A) ...dığı zaman

B) ...dığı için, çünkü B) ...e rağmen, fakat
C) ...r diye, ...rsa diye C) ...iken
43. "in case" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 52. "once" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...r diye, ...rsa diye A) ...dıkça, ...dikçe
B) ...iken B) ...e kadar
C) ...dığı zaman C) …den sonra
44. "after" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 53. "by the time" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...den önce A) ...mezse, ...medikçe

B) …den sonra B) ...r diye, ...rsa diye
C) ...mezse, ...medikçe C) …e kadar
45. "even if" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 54. "until" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...se bile A) ...den beri

B) ...er ...mez B) ...mezse, ...medikçe
C) her ne zaman ...se C) …e kadar
55. "so that" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 58. "ever since" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e kadar A) ...den beri
B) ...sın diye, böylece B) ...dığı sürece
C) ...se bile C) ...e rağmen, fakat
56. "just as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 59. "while" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) sadece/ancak ...se A) ...iken
B) ...dığı sürece B) ...sın diye, böylece
C) tam ...iken C) ...dığı zaman
57. "unless" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 60. "even if" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e kadar A) ...dıkça, ...dikçe

B) ...mezse, ...medikçe B) ...se bile
C) her ne zaman ...se C) … gibi
though just as
so that even though
once as though
even though until
as soon as even if
since until
because although
so that ever since
so long as when
if as
although so long as
before because
so long as as
by the time in case
after until
as soon as as soon as
so long as so that
once although
when so that
as soon as as long as
whereas before
because just as
before in case
as if as though
before unless
as if though
whereas as
while as if
even though just as
once as long as
since as long as
until if
though even if
as soon as by the time
while as if
even though by the time
so that while
as long as if
as though since
in case after
even if since
unless once
ever since even though
ever since as long as
even if because
unless just as
as though when
although once
whereas as though
as while
when ever since
unless ever since
as whereas
as if when
while until
because by the time
in case whereas
before although
unless if
though by the time
even if since
in case if
after though
just as so long as
after after
1: After America emerged from the ashes of the 6: Ever since the beginning of time, mankind has
Revolution, it started to undergo dramatic changes. been fascinated with wonders of space.
TR: TR:
7: Wastewater treatment is needed so that we can

2: The inspector will probe the source of the fire use our rivers and streams for fishing and drinking
once it is extinguished, water.
TR: TR:
3: When climate change results in habitat loss,

species and plant life may become extinct.
TR:
8: Unless the country is determined to save itself,
no government can save it from falling.
TR:
4: While some African economies have done well,

others have hovered on the brink of collapse.
TR:
9: Because natural gas is typically found in remote
areas, transportation costs become a key issue.
TR:
5: Though both belong to the Primate family,

monkeys and apes are plainly different from one
another.
TR:
10: Just as Minoan society was growing and seeing
great success, it suddenly disappeared.
TR:
11: As the century progresses, all organisms will 14: Although epilepsy isn't commonly fatal, some
have to adapt to new climatic conditions. people die from this disorder.
TR: TR:
15: If needed, X-rays and blood tests can be used

12: Even though the number of bacteria grows in to aid diagnosis.
number, the growth of the population remains TR:
stable.
TR:
13: You should always put aside some emergency

money in case you need it.
TR:
1: Metabolism is important because it is literally the 7: Humans are regularly exposed to pollution when
powerhouse of the body. they inhale toxic air inside them.
TR: TR:
2: Sugar consumption has risen since the beginning

8: Alcohol is particularly detrimental to the liver as it
of the Industrial Revolution.
can speed the onset of cirrhosis.
TR:
TR:
3: Police immediately closed off the streets around

the hotel as they searched for the bomb.
9: By the time the rebel troops arrived, the village
TR:
had already been abandoned.
TR:
4: The kidnapper threatened to kill the boy if his 10: As people age, they often gradually lose their
demands were not met. ability to move their joints fully.
TR: TR:
5: Whereas Sweden has very cold winters, UK

winters are usually quite mild.
TR: 11: When we arrived at the town, there was nobody
around and it looked as if it was abandoned.
TR:
6: Even though The National Park has negative

environmental impacts, it provides some economic
opportunities.
TR: 12: The employees had been talking until their boss
arrived.
TR:
13: Ever since Dolly the sheep made headlines, 17: While microbes have always existed, scientists
cloning has been a hot button issue around the did not always have knowledge of them.
world. TR:
TR:
18: As long as there are rich people in the world,

they will be eager to distinguish themselves from
14: Consumers were willing to spend so long as the the poor.
price was moderate. TR:
TR:
15: The original painting and the copy are easily

distinguished since the one is much more vivid than
the other.
TR: 19: Most sports with teams are designed so that
people of different sizes can work in different roles.
TR:
16: Serious fires can cause erosion even if they are

not followed by heavy rainfall. 20: Spiders don't have antennae, while insects do.
TR: TR:
1 kaynak stable individual resource close off
2 sivrisinek rotate moving mass mosquito

azalmak, reddetmek,
3 appear actively decline erosion
gerilemek
4 ciddi shed serious photographer nature
5 yardım etmek emergency aid produce function
havada asılı kalmak,
6 dolanıp durmak, know accident animal hover
durmak
döndürmek, sırayla
7 refer to rotate overhear finish
değiştirmek
8 (yapay) uydu creature satellite make up need
9 küçülmek shrink limited basic detrimental
10 yaklaşık olarak emergency opportunity coral approximately
11 alan, uzay planet space climatic rebel
12 kazı yapmak excavate penicillin object potato
13 ölümcül bite ape fatal independence
14 doğurmak woman dam give birth invention
15 büyülemek organizer fascinate set language
tehlike, çok yaramaz
16 seem citizen mosquito menace
çocuk
17 araştırma, sonda independence probe axis proceed
18 talep speed change orange demand
19 etki, darbe rainfall impact show up design
20 zararlı gradually detrimental feel space
21 teşhis diagnosis manufacturer progress protect
devrim, dönüşüm,
22 immediately revolution lifelong consistently
devinim
23 muazzam lack massive weapon again
24 kulak misafiri olmak rotate diagnosis overhear eruption
25 yığın, kütle copy kill ownership mass
26 istekli writing willing result in simple
27 ısırmak put aside round aid bite
28 hasta money health patient shape
29 aramak consistently northern society search for
30 eksik olmak lack massive home feel
31 ilerlemek proceed round crowd moving
32 ılımlı overweight biosphere moderate determine
33 ... ile sonuçlanmak result in study society climate
34 vefat etmek impact wastewater at the time pass away
35 dökmek (yaprak, particularly sugar shed a majority of
gözyaşı vb.), elden
çıkarmak
36 maruz kalmak tackle curable lethal undergo
37 taşıma provide transportation dense alternative
38 doğrulamak finite long food verify
emmek, odaklanmak,
39 believe absorb wastewater watch
(bilgi) kavramak
40 düzenli olarak regularly stay contract simple
41 yarar, devlet yardımı vivid benefit deep at the time
42 hareketsiz stationary loss treat state
43 meydana gelmek tree emerge end take place
44 patlama (yanardağ) literally eruption previous court
45 müfettiş falling thermometer inspector age
46 bir kenara bırakmak cast aside meet think dense
47 gelişmek, ortaya çıkmak regulation develop branch blow up
48 teklif, evlenme teklifi to the contrary give birth receive proposal
49 azalmak decrease skill refer to onset
50 ilerlemek progress math mild committee
51 düzenleme regulation lethal fail shrink
52 havasız motive live with airless finish
53 başlangıç cost cold habitat onset
soluk almak, çok hızlı
54 loss invent inhale treatment
yemek
55 sözleşme contract opportunity weapon threaten
56 askeri birlik wastewater troop adjust epilepsy
derhal, hemen
57 scientist joint size immediately
(yakınında)
58 branş, dal, nehir kolu almost branch orange treatable
59 işlev, tören rebel build primate function
60 arta kalan real heavy cloning remaining
61 sebep motive liver ape federal
62 icat, uydurma invention place mosquito temperature
63 sabit collapse buffalo fire stable
oluşturmak, uydurmak,
64 telafi etmek, makyaj mankind penicillin make up undergo
yapmak, barışmak
65 zehirli alternative grow show up toxic
66 sahiplik ownership abandon stay emerge
...olarak görmek,
67 vacation penicillin stay regard
dikkatlice bakmak
68 ihlal etmek biosphere undergo violate communication
69 terk etmek abandon woman as soon as whale
70 hiç süphesiz undoubtedly country revolution technology
71 tedavi edilebilir glasses air adapt curable
72 ölümcül microbe lethal plant find
73 hukuk, kanun law food start revolution
74 yaşam alanı airless meet high habitat
muhtemelen, mümkün
75 typically cause put aside possibly
olduğunca
76 bir kenara koymak lost develop put aside writing
77 kül, dişbudak ağacı ash as soon as manufacturer moderate
78 yoğun dense regard be about to do verify
79 iletmek, geçmek well organizer pill transmit
80 beslemek coral marriage body feed
81 takip etmek wife important pursue kill
82 iyileştirmek overhear heal go away age
83 silah pass away weapon volume headline
84 yaratık extinguish creature do well determine
üstlenmek, ... hal
85 almak, işe almak, sheep a majority of take on habitat
kapışmak
86 tutarlı bir şekilde consistently destroy branch hover
87 sıtma remain show up machine malaria
88 ayırt etmek pursue distinguish trunk do with
89 kurtarmak bear rescue hemisphere photographer
90 önemli axis important size coral
91 yarı küre, beyin yarısı hemisphere moving make up bomb
92 mevcut, müsait available planet federal change
93 sert long harsh heat cost
94 icat etmek, uydurmak ice lost invent follow
95 değerli eşyalar patient live valuables plainly
96 geleneksel insure conventional move individual
97 galip harsh extinguish find winner
98 ormansızlaşma race become speed deforestation
99 bağımsızlık eager famous weapon independence
100 bu doğrultuda poor consumption ash accordingly
rebel extinction take undergo key
seek defuse shed catch lose
loss stable easily provide hold
extinguish meet surgical blood suddenly
1 ---- treatment tedavi aramak
2 ---- a bomb bombayı etkisiz hale getirmek
3 ---- leaf yaprak dökmek
4 ---- wound cerrahi yara
5 ---- thief hırsızı yakalamak
6 cause ---- yok olmasına neden olmak
7 ---- measure önlem almak
8 ---- change değişiklik geçirmek
9 ---- fire yangını söndürmek
10 disappear ---- aniden kaybolmak
11 ---- demand talebi karşılamak
12 ---- troops isyancı askeri birlikler
13 habitat ---- yaşam alanı kaybı
14 ---- consciousness bilincini kaybetmek
15 ---- test kan tahlili
16 remain ---- sabit kalmak
17 ---- issue temel konu
18 distinguish ---- kolayca ayırt etmek
19 ---- opportunity imkân/fırsat sunmak
20 ---- breath nefesini tutmak
1 ---- captivity tutsak

2 compared ---- … ile karşılaştırıldığında
3 ---- the universe evrende
4 common ---- ...da yaygın
5 gather ---- ... etrafında toplanmak
6 regard ---- …olarak görmek
7 ---- the act suç üstü
8 protect ---- ...dan korumak
9 occur ---- ...da meydana gelmek
10 ---- a child çocukken
12 aware ---- …nın farkında
13 chance ---- …için şans
14 equip ---- ...ile donatmak
15 ---- whisper fısıldayarak
16 ---- size büyüklük bakımından
17 supply ---- ... arzı, temini
18 emerge ---- …dan çıkmak
19 fascinated ---- ...dan çok etkilenmek, hayran kalmak
20 adapt ---- …ya uyum sağlamak
21 ---- number sayıca
22 detrimental ---- …ya zararlı
23 distinguish ---- …dan ayırt etmek
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Conjunctions ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Prepositional Phrases
• Unit Words
• List of Prepositional Phrases
blood (n): kan, soy

Vocabulary
ancient (adj): eski brain (n): beyin
certain (adj): kesin, belirli build-up (n): birikme, övgü, hazırlık
chemical (adj, n): kimyasal cat (n): kedi
continuous (adj): devamlı category (n): kategori
conventional (adj): geleneksel cause (n): sebep, amaç
early (adj): erken, başları chocolate (n): çikolata
existing (adj): mevcut civilization (n): uygarlık
forced (adj): zorunlu, zaruri climate (n): iklim
genetic (adj): genetik colony (n): koloni
governmental (adj): hükümete ait colour (n): renk
known (adj): bilinen company (n): şirket, eşlik
lasting (adj): kalıcı composition (n): beste, kompozisyon,

bileşim
long (adj): uzun
consumption (n): tüketim
medical (adj): tıbbi
continent (n): kıta
necessary (adj): gerekli
coral reef (n): mercan resifi
overweight (adj): aşırı kilolu
cough (n): öksürük
country (n): ülke, taşra
crash (n): çarpışma, şangırtı, çökme
prevailing (adj): yaygın
deforestation (n): ormansızlaşma
pure (adj): saf, tam
development (n): gelişme, geliştirme
record (adj): en yüksek
diabetes (n): şeker hastalığı
related (adj): bağlantılı, akraba
difficulty (n): zorluk
single (adj): tek, bekâr
dinosaur (n): dinozor
specialized (adj): uzman
forever (adv): sonsuza kadar
disorder (n): bozukluk
long (adv): uzun zamandır
drug (n): ilaç, uyuşturucu
addict (n): bağımlı kimse
ear (n): kulak, başak
addition (n): toplama, ilave
animal (n): hayvan
emergency (n): acil durum
antibiotic (n): antibiyotik
emission (n): salınım
astronomer (n): gök bilimci
employee (n): çalışan
authority (n): yetki
engine (n): motor
award (n): ödül
fat (n): yağ
beauty (n): güzellik
force (n): güç, kuvvet (askeri vs)
belief (n): inanç
forest (n): orman
bird (n): kuş
foundation (n): vakıf, temel, fondöten
freedom (n): özgürlük species (n): tür (canlı)
greenhouse (n): sera steam (n): buhar
health (n): sağlık substance (n): madde, önem
hearing (n): işitme, duruşma supply (n): kaynak

heart (n): kalp, merkez, cesaret surface (n): yüzey
history (n): tarih, geçmiş teenager (n): ergen

human (n): insan therapy (n): terapi
independence (n): bağımsızlık transformation (n): dönüşüm
landing (n): iniş, sahanlık trouble (n): sorun

language (n): dil understanding (n): anlayış
level (n): seviye universe (n): evren
lifeboat (n): filika use (n): kullanım, fayda

liver (n): karaciğer war (n): savaş
mankind (n): insanoğlu weapon (n): silah
marketplace (n): pazar yeri, piyasa work (n): iş, çalışma

microscope (n): mikroskop world (n): dünya
moon (n): ay, (doğal) uydu because of (pp): ...dan dolayı
nation (n): ulus, kavim believe (v): inanmak

organization (n): kurum, organizasyon breathe (v): nefes almak
origin (n): köken cause (v): sebep olmak
photosynthesis (n): fotosentez change (v): değişmek, (para) bozdurmak

pipeline (n): boru hattı classify (v): sınıflandırmak
plane (n): uçak, düz yüzey communicate (v): iletişim kurmak,

(hastalık) bulaştırmak
planet (n): gezegen
contain (v): içermek, kontrol altına almak
planning (n): planlama
continue (v): devam etmek
pollution (n): kirlilik
domesticate (v): evcilleştirmek
earn (v): para kazanmak, hak etmek
eat (v): yemek
preservative (n): koruyucu madde
flee (v): kaçmak
product (n): ürün, çarpım, bileşke
grow (v): büyümek
profit (n): kâr
hunt (v): avlamak, aramak
religion (n): din
intend (v): niyet etmek
single (n): tekli
kill (v): öldürmek
size (n): ebat
lay (v): koymak
skin (n): deri, kabuk
lose (v): kaybetmek
smoking (n): sigara içme
map (v): haritalamak
snake (n): yılan
snow (n): kar
socialism (n): sosyalizm
roar (v): kükremek fuel (n): yakıt, körük (mecazi)
seem (v): ... gibi görünmek generation (n): nesil, enerji üretimi
transport (v): taşımak hawk (n): doğan

treat (v): davranmak, tedavi etmek, heating (n): ısıtma
ısmarlamak
infection (n): enfeksiyon
use (v): kullanmak
weaken (v): zayıflatmak
measles (n): kızamık
such as (pp): ... gibi
microbe (n): mikrop
due to (pp): ...den dolayı
neighbour (n): komşu
take off (pv): çıkarmak (kıyafet), kalkış
yapmak, başarılı olmak patient (n): hasta
die off (pv): yok olmak polio (n): çocuk felci
get off (pv): inmek (taşıttan) role (n): görev, rol
lead to (pv): yol açmak sun (n): güneş
rely on (pv): bel bağlamak, güvenmek sunlight (n): güneş ışığı
several (adj): ayrı surgeon (n): cerrah
afraid (adj): korkmuş temperature (n): sıcaklık
agricultural (adj): tarımsal tetanus (n): tetanos
different (adj): farklı trade (n): ticaret, iş
fried (adj): yağda kızartılmış view (n): manzara, görüş
global (adj): küresel weight (n): ağırlık
healthy (adj): sağlıklı bring (v): getirmek
small (adj): küçük consume (v): tüketmek
soft (adj): yumuşak darken (v): karanlık olmak
vital (adj): hayati, enerji dolu decide (v): karar vermek
gradually (adv): aşamalı olarak disappear (v): ortadan kaybolmak
advance (n): ilerleme, avans drink (v): içmek, içki içmek
agreement (n): anlaşma harm (v): zarar vermek
amount (n): miktar lick (v): yalamak
cattle (n): sığır play (v): oynamak, çalmak (müzik aleti), rol
almak
choice (n): seçim
provide (v): sağlamak
clothing (n): kıyafet
control (n): kontrol
transform (v): dönüşmek
county (n): ilçe
obscure (v): gizlemek
electricity (n): elektrik
rarely (adv): nadiren
exposure (n): maruz kalma, açığa
çıkarma, poz (fotoğrafçılıkta) rising (adj): artan
fire (n): ateş, yangın, ateş etme (silah) as well as (pp): ...e ilaveten
food (n): yiyecek color (n): renk
adult (adj, n): yetişkin fruit (n): meyve, sonuç
apt (adj): eğilimli, uygun, yatkın hole (n): delik
cold (adj): soğuk, ilgisiz illness (n): hastalık
dangerous (adj): tehlikeli impact (n): etki, darbe

easy (adj): kolay, rahat invention (n): icat, uydurma
excellent (adj): mükemmel leader (n): lider

financial (adj): mali lesson (n): ders
great (adj): büyük, mükemmel light (n): ışık, ateş (çakmak vs)
indoor (adj): iç mekanlarda yapılan locale (n): olay yeri

industrial (adj): endüstriyel lung (n): akciğer
inner (adj): iç, gizli mammal (n): memeli
northern (adj): kuzey market (n): pazar, piyasa

physical (adj): fiziksel motorist (n): otomobil sürücüsü
strong (adj): güçlü need (n): ihtiyaç
suburban (adj): dış mahalle nightmare (n): kabus

towering (adj): çok yüksek novel (n): roman
vast (adj): çok büyük observatory (n): gözlemevi
almost (adv): neredeyse puzzle (n): bulmaca

entirely (adv): tamamen researcher (n): araştırmacı
prematurely (adv): vakitsiz risk (n): risk
recently (adv): son zamanlarda safety (n): güvenlik

still (adv): hâlâ, yine de sand (n): kum
today (adv): bugün source (n): kaynak
aircraft (n): hava aracı vegetable (n): sebze

area (n): bölge, yüz ölçümü workman (n): işçi
benefit (n): yarar, devlet yardımı young (n): gençler, yavru

birth (n): doğum, başlangıç zinc (n): çinko
city (n): şehir according to (pp): …e göre
committee (n): komite associate (v): ilişkilendirmek
condition (n): durum, koşul, rahatsızlık become (v): olmak

desert (n): çöl complete (v): tamamlamak
drawback (n): dezavantaj die (v): ölmek
dune (n): kum tepeciği find (v): bulmak

earthquake (n): deprem gain (v): kazanmak
elasticity (n): esneklik import (v): ithal etmek
environment (n): çevre, ortam manage (v): yönetmek, başarmak

fame (n): ün meet (v): buluşmak, tanışmak, gidermek
fever (n): ateş, telaş pose (v): teşkil etmek (tehlike, risk vs)
fish (n): balık spend (v): harcamak
suffer (v): muzdarip olmak observe behaviour : davranışı
gözlemlemek
warn (v): uyarmak
maintain level : seviyeyi korumak
write (v): yazmak
raise price : fiyat yükseltmek
in particular (adv): özellikle
renewable energy : yenilenebilir enerji
jigsaw (n): yapboz, dekupaj testere
send to prison : hapishaneye göndermek
consist of (pv): ...dan oluşmak
distribute resource : kaynağı dağıtmak
blow up (pv): havaya uçurmak, şişirmek,
kopmak (fırtına) mechanical failure : mekanik arıza
care for (pv): bakımını üstlenmek, human error : insan hatası
hoşlanmak
small size : küçük boyut
a variety of (q): çok çeşitli
vital role : hayati rol
Collocations play a role : rol oynamak
mechanical problem : mekanik sorun old people : yaşlı insanlar
make sb redundant : birini işten çıkarmak street crime : sokakta işlenen suç
economic recession : ekonomik leave home : evi terketmek
durgunluk
obscure view : görüşü perdelemek
greenhouse gas : sera gazı
agricultural trade : tarımsal ticaret
infectious disease : bulaşıcı hastalık
solar energy : güneş enerjisi
fried food : kızartma
produce oxygen : oksijen üretmek
make choice : seçim yapmak
powerful telescope : güçlü teleskop
healthy diet : sağlıklı beslenme
great detail : büyük/önemli ayrıntı
consume food : yiyecek tüketmek
cough medicine : öksürük ilacı
drink water : su içmek
large reserve : büyük rezerv
lose weight : kilo kaybetmek/kilo vermek
precious metal : değerli metal
soft drink : meşrubat
technological advances : teknolojik
gelişmeler use currency : para birimi kullanmak
contain chemical : kimyasal içermek heal wound : yarayı iyileştirmek
contain preservative : koruyucu içermek make plan : plan yapmak
popular belief : yaygın inanış gain fame : ün kazanmak
high cholesterol : yüksek kolesterol long period : uzun dönem
chemical weapon : kimyasal silah die prematurely : erken ölmek
receive award : ödül almak jigsaw puzzle : yapboz
give scholarship : burs vermek work hard : çok çalışmak
blood transfusion : kan nakli spend time : zaman harcamak/vakit
geçirmek
blood loss : kan kaybı
industrial area : sanayi bölgesi
immune system : bağışıklık sistemi
air pollution : hava kirliliği
industrial revolution : sanayi devrimi
natural gas : doğal gaz
brightly coloured : parlak renkli
health risk : sağlık riski
heart disease : kalp hastalığı
short story : kısa öykü
hunt animal : hayvan avlamak
arable land : tarıma elverişli arazi increase in : ...da artış
cold water : soğuk su to be caused by : ...dan kaynaklanmak
excellent source : mükemmel kaynak role in : ...da rol
pose risk : risk teşkil etmek over time : zamanla, zaman içerisinde
offer benefit : fayda sağlamak advance in : ...da ilerleme
agreement among : ... arasında anlaşma

Prepositions
at a ... rate : ... bir oranda at last : sonunda
communicate with : …ile iletişim kurmak under control : kontrol altında
in detail : detaylı olarak a variety of : çok çeşitli ...
in the world : dünyada impact on : …üzerinde etki
risk for : ... için risk care for : ...nın bakımını üstlenmek
foundation for : ... için temel associate with : ... ile ilişkilendirmek
price for : ... için fiyat, bedel
List of Prepositional Phrases > List of Prepositional Phrases
because of PP ...den dolayı sebep bağlacı
Because of its chemical composition, ethanol cannot be transported by existing pipelines.
They had to flee their country because of their religion.
due to PP ...den dolayı sebep bağlacı
The plane couldn't take off due to a mechanical problem.
Due to deforestation, we are losing many animal species every single day.
owing to PP ...den dolayı sebep bağlacı
Owing to engine trouble, the plane had to make a forced landing.
Many employees will be made redundant owing to continuous economic recession.
as a result of PP ...ın sonucu olarak sebep bağlacı
Earth’s climate has changed as a result of the build-up of greenhouse gases.
As a result of Indepence War, Turkish people earned their freedom.
thanks to PP ...ın sayesinde sebep bağlacı
Coral reefs are dying off at record rates, thanks to pollution, disease and global warming.
Thanks to specialised microscopes, we first have long been able to see the beauty of single atoms.
by means of PP …aracılığıyla sebep bağlacı
By means of photosynthesis, forests produce oxygen through the transformation of solar energy.
Human beings communicate with each other by means of language.
with the help of PP …ın yardımıyla sebep bağlacı
With the help of powerful telescopes, astronomers were able to map the surface of the moon and other planets in
great detail.
Cough can be treated with the help of antibiotics and cough medicines.
despite prep …e rağmen zıtlık bağlacı
Despite the size of ears, the African Elephant’s hearing is poor.
Africa is the poorest continent in the world, despite having the world's largest reserves of precious metals.
in spite of PP …e rağmen zıtlık bağlacı
The world’s population, consumption and poverty have continued to grow, in spite of technological advances.
In spite of seeming pure, the water contains chemicals and some preservatives.
unlike prep ...ın aksine zıtlık bağlacı
Unlike most other large cats, snow leopards cannot roar.
Ethiopia, unlike most African nations, was never a European colony.
contrary to PP …ın aksine zıtlık bağlacı
Contrary to popular belief, eating chocolate does not cause skin problems for teenagers.
Having high cholesterol is not bad for your brain, contrary to prevailing medical belief.
...e ilaveten, ...ın yanı sıra, ve
as well as PP ekleme bağlacı
ayrıca
Being overweight is a known risk for heart disease as well as diabetes.
As well as being one of the earliest, Ancient Egypt was one of the longest lasting civilizations in world history.
in addition to PP ...e ilaveten ekleme bağlacı
In addition to conventional weapons, Italian forces used chemical weapons against the Ethiopians.
He received many awards for his work in addition to the Nobel Prize.
besides prep ...e ilaveten ekleme bağlacı
She was given a scholarship besides the award.
Besides cancer, smoking can lead to other diseases.
in case of PP … durumunda, … halinde tedbir bağlacı
A lifeboat is intended only for use in case of an emergency.
In the case of a large amount of blood loss, a blood transfusion is necessary.
such as PP …gibi, örneğin, mesela örnek bağlacı
There are several causes for blood cancer such as a weakened immune system and genetic disorders.
Technological developments such as the development of the steam engine laid the foundation for the Industrial
Revolution.
like prep …gibi örnek bağlacı
benzetme bağlacı
Like Newton and Galileo before him, Albert Einstein changed forever mankind's understanding of the universe.
Dinosaurs are believed to be brightly coloured like modern snakes or birds.
Obesity causes many health related problems like cancer, heart disease, diabetes, liver and breathing difficulties.
Certain substances like protein and some fats can keep insulin levels in check.
in order to PP ...mek için amaç bağlacı
Ancient humans observed the behaviour of animals in order to hunt or to domesticate them.
In order to maintain the same level of profit, the company has to raise the price for the product.
instead of PP ...ın yerine diğer
An increase in the use of renewable energy supplies, instead of fossil fuels, will reduce greenhouse emissions.
Instead of sending a drug addict to prison, the Portuguese authorities offer a therapy to get them off drugs.
rather than PP ...den ziyade diğer
Socialism relies on governmental planning, rather than the marketplace, to distribute resources.
{{questi3}3}
Rather than human error, the plane crash was caused by mechanical failure.
according to PP …e göre diğer
According to the World Health Organization, smoking kills more people than any disease in the world.
In the system of Nazi Germany, people were to be classified into categories according to their colour and origin.
1. "in case of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 10. "like" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) … durumunda, … halinde A) ...ın yerine

B) ...e ilaveten B) …gibi
C) ...mek için C) ...den dolayı
2. "in spite of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 11. "by means of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …e rağmen A) …aracılığıyla
B) …gibi B) …ın aksine
C) …ın aksine C) …gibi
3. "contrary to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 12. "by means of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …gibi A) …aracılığıyla
B) ...ın aksine B) …e göre
C) …açısından C) ...den ziyade
4. "thanks to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 13. "in order to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …ın aksine A) …açısından

B) …e göre B) …gibi, örneğin, mesela
C) ...ın sayesinde C) ...mek için
5. "due to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 14. "owing to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...den dolayı A) …gibi

B) …gibi, örneğin, mesela B) ...den dolayı
C) ...e ilaveten C) ...mek için
6. "contrary to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 15. "owing to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...ın aksine A) …e rağmen
B) ...ın sayesinde B) ...den dolayı
C) …ın yardımıyla C) ...den ziyade
7. "besides" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 16. "such as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...mek için A) ...e ilaveten
B) ...den ziyade B) …gibi, örneğin, mesela
C) ...e ilaveten C) ...den ziyade
8. "such as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 17. "instead of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …gibi, örneğin, mesela A) ...ın sonucu olarak

B) …ın yardımıyla B) …ın yardımıyla
C) …e rağmen C) ...ın yerine
9. "as well as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 18. "according to" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) ...e ilaveten, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca
B) ...mek için A) …e göre
C) … durumunda, … halinde B) …ın yardımıyla
C) …açısından
19. "like" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 25. "because of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...mek için A) ...den dolayı
B) ...ın sayesinde B) …açısından
C) …gibi C) ...ın yerine
20. "instead of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 26. "according to" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) ...ın yerine
B) …aracılığıyla A) ...ın sonucu olarak
C) …e göre B) …e göre
C) ...mek için
21. "despite" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

27. "rather than" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …e rağmen
B) ...den dolayı A) …ın yardımıyla
C) ...e ilaveten B) ...ın sayesinde
C) ...den ziyade
22. "in spite of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

28. "unlike" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …e rağmen
B) ...mek için A) ...ın sonucu olarak
C) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına B) ...den ziyade
C) ...ın aksine
23. "in case of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

29. "in order to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …gibi, örneğin, mesela
B) ...mek için A) ...ın sonucu olarak
C) … durumunda, … halinde B) …aracılığıyla
C) ...mek için
24. "in order to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

30. "as well as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …gibi
B) ...mek için A) ...ın sayesinde
C) ...ın sonucu olarak B) …gibi
C) ...e ilaveten, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca
1. "instead of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 9. "in spite of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …gibi A) … durumunda, … halinde

B) ...ın yerine B) ...ın yerine
C) ...e ilaveten C) …e rağmen
2. "according to" bağlacının çevirisi 10. "besides" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

hangisidir?
A) …ın yardımıyla
A) …gibi, örneğin, mesela B) …e rağmen
B) …e göre C) ...e ilaveten
C) …ın yardımıyla
11. "because of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

3. "instead of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...den dolayı
A) …aracılığıyla B) …ın aksine
B) ...ın yerine C) …açısından
12. "due to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

4. "by means of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...den dolayı
A) … durumunda, … halinde B) …gibi
B) …aracılığıyla C) …açısından
C) ...ın yerine
13. "like" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

5. "according to" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir? A) ...den ziyade
B) …e rağmen
A) …e göre
C) …gibi
B) ...mek için
C) … durumunda, … halinde
6. "by means of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? A) ...mek için

B) …e rağmen
A) ...e ilaveten
C) ...e ilaveten, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca
B) …aracılığıyla
C) …gibi
7. "in case of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? A) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına
B) ...e ilaveten, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca
C) …açısından
B) … durumunda, … halinde
C) ...den dolayı
8. "instead of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? A) ...e ilaveten, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca
B) …gibi
A) …aracılığıyla
C) …e göre
B) ...ın yerine
C) …e rağmen
A) ...ın sonucu olarak

B) …ın yardımıyla
C) …e rağmen
18. "in order to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 27. "despite" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...mek için A) ...e ilaveten
B) ...den dolayı B) …e rağmen
C) ...ın sayesinde C) ...den ziyade
19. "owing to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 28. "by means of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...mek için A) …aracılığıyla

B) ...e ilaveten B) …e göre
C) ...den dolayı C) …gibi, örneğin, mesela
20. "by means of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 29. "due to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …gibi, örneğin, mesela A) …e rağmen

B) …ın aksine B) …ın aksine
C) …aracılığıyla C) ...den dolayı
21. "in case of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 30. "owing to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) … durumunda, … halinde A) …ın aksine

B) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına B) ...den dolayı
C) …gibi, örneğin, mesela C) …açısından
22. "thanks to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 31. "instead of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …gibi A) ...ın yerine
B) ...ın sayesinde B) …gibi, örneğin, mesela
C) …açısından C) ...ın sonucu olarak
23. "instead of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 32. "rather than" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …açısından A) ...den ziyade

B) ...ın yerine B) …ın aksine
C) …ın aksine C) ...e ilaveten
24. "according to" bağlacının çevirisi 33. "in case of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
hangisidir?
A) … durumunda, … halinde
A) …gibi B) ...den ziyade
B) …e göre C) …aracılığıyla
C) …e rağmen

A) ...den dolayı
A) …aracılığıyla B) ...den ziyade
B) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına C) ...mek için
C) …e rağmen
35. "in case of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

A) …e rağmen
A) …açısından B) … durumunda, … halinde
B) …aracılığıyla C) ...ın sonucu olarak
C) ...e ilaveten
36. "such as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 45. "because of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e ilaveten A) …e rağmen

B) …gibi, örneğin, mesela B) ...den dolayı
C) …ın yardımıyla C) ...den ziyade
37. "thanks to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 46. "in addition to" bağlacının çevirisi
hangisidir?
A) ...ın sayesinde
B) …e göre A) ...e ilaveten
C) …e rağmen B) ...den dolayı
C) ...ın sonucu olarak

A) ...den dolayı
B) ...e ilaveten A) ...mek için
C) ...ın yerine B) …e rağmen
C) ...e ilaveten
39. "contrary to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

48. "with the help of" bağlacının çevirisi
A) …e rağmen hangisidir?
B) ...e ilaveten
A) …ın yardımıyla
C) ...ın aksine
B) …e göre
C) ...ın yerine
40. "besides" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...ın sonucu olarak 49. "thanks to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?

B) ...e ilaveten
A) ...ın sayesinde
B) ...ın yerine
C) ...den ziyade
A) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına 50. "in order to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
B) ...e ilaveten, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca
A) ...den ziyade
C) …açısından
B) …aracılığıyla
C) ...mek için
42. "due to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...den dolayı 51. "in spite of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
C) …e göre
B) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına
C) …e rağmen
43. "besides" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...ın sayesinde 52. "on account of" bağlacının çevirisi

B) ...e ilaveten hangisidir?
C) …ın aksine
A) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına
B) ...mek için
44. "in case of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? C) ...den dolayı
A) ...den dolayı
B) ...ın yerine 53. "unlike" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
C) … durumunda, … halinde
A) ...den dolayı
B) ...ın aksine
C) ...ın sayesinde
54. "in case of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 58. "because of" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …ın yardımıyla A) ...den dolayı
B) …açısından B) ...ın adına, ...i temsilen, ...ın namına
C) … durumunda, … halinde C) …e rağmen
55. "like" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 59. "despite" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) …aracılığıyla A) …e rağmen
B) …gibi B) …gibi, örneğin, mesela
C) …e rağmen C) ...e ilaveten, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca
56. "as well as" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir? 60. "contrary to" bağlacının çevirisi hangisidir?
A) ...e ilaveten, ...ın yanı sıra, ve ayrıca A) ...ın aksine

B) …ın aksine B) …açısından
C) ...ın sonucu olarak C) …aracılığıyla
57. "in addition to" bağlacının çevirisi

hangisidir?
A) ...mek için
C) ...e ilaveten
because of such as
such as by means of
despite in case of
contrary to thanks to
as well as rather than
as a result of unlike
in order to in case of
with the help of because of
contrary to as well as
unlike thanks to
thanks to thanks to
despite by means of
in addition to in spite of
in case of thanks to
in order to according to
as well as contrary to
like instead of
contrary to as a result of
according to rather than
rather than besides
in spite of as a result of
with the help of instead of
instead of besides
such as as a result of
in addition to owing to
due to instead of
rather than in spite of
in addition to despite
besides in case of
instead of according to
by means of with the help of
because of according to
despite despite
such as in order to
as well as due to
owing to by means of
like in addition to
in order to unlike
due to rather than
in case of because of
due to according to
like as well as
such as in order to
in addition to like
unlike because of
with the help of owing to
owing to unlike
with the help of besides
besides contrary to
as a result of due to
like in spite of
by means of owing to
1: Despite their small size, microbes play a vital role 6: Many coral reefs will have disappeared by 2040
in the metabolism of this planet. because of rising seawater temperatures.
TR: TR:
2: Owing to the increase in street crime, many old 7: Agricultural trade is becoming more global due to
people are afraid to leave their homes. advances in technology and trade agreements
TR: among counties.
TR:
3: Besides being used for the heating of water, solar

energy also can be used for the generation of
electricity.
TR: 8: Thanks to vaccinations, many of the infectious
diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus are
rarely seen anymore.
TR:
4: Over time, the skin gradually darkens as a result

of sun exposure.
TR:
9: By means of photosynthesis, plants transform

sunlight to chemical energy.
TR:
5: In addition to harming the patient, blood loss can

obscure the surgeon’s view.
TR:
10: With the help of the neighbours the fire was at

last brought under control.
TR:
11: Unlike many animals, hawks are able to see 14: In the south of Sudan, cattle are used as
different colours. currency, as well as providing food, drink, clothing,
TR: and fuel.
TR:
12: Rather than consuming large amounts of fried

food, one can make healthier diet choices.
TR:
15: Contrary to popular belief, the cat cannot heal

the wound by licking it.
TR:
13: She decided to drink water instead of soft drinks

in order to lose weight.
TR:
1: The safety committee is meeting Tuesday to 6: With the help of a variety of observatories,
make plans in case of an earthquake. researchers found four more planets in the system.
TR: TR:
2: Like every invention, television also gained fame

over a long period of time.
7: The health of women and children in particular
TR:
suffers as a result of indoor air pollution.
TR:
3: According to WHO, about 2.4 million people die

prematurely every year.
TR:
8: In 1995, most European countries met almost
half of their energy needs by means of natural gas.
TR:
4: Instead of working hard at her lessons, Mary has

spent her time completing a jigsaw puzzle recently.
TR:
9: Obesity has a strong impact on children,

teenager and adults due to its dangerous health
risks.
TR:
5: Today, industrial areas are more apt to be found

in suburban locales rather than in inner cities.
TR:
10: Mammals care for their young after birth, unlike

many other species.
TR:
11: In addition to her novels, Edith Wharton wrote 17: Nanotechnology may pose risks for health and
more than 84 short stories. the environment as well as offering many benefits.
TR: TR:
12: Thanks to the development of aircraft, the world

has become much smaller.
TR: 18: The company managed to be a market leader in
spite of their financial drawbacks.
TR:
13: Despite having vast arable lands, the country

still has to import vegetable and fruits.
TR:
19: Because of their great elasticity, our lungs are
100 times easier to blow up than a balloon.
TR:
14: Some physical conditions such as fever and

illness are found to be associated with nightmares.
TR:
20: Contrary to popular belief, the Sahara Desert of
northern Africa does not consist entirely of towering
sand dunes.
TR:
15: Besides plenty of omega 3, cold water fish is an

excellent source of vitamin A and zinc.
TR:
16: The workmen left red lights near the hole in

order to warn motorists.
TR:
1 artan emission write employee rising
2 seçim desert decide choice vaccination

3 cerrah complete astronomer surgeon need
4 farklı continue continuous different decide
5 din drawback religion healthy trouble
6 zayıflatmak antibiotic weaken transform play
7 zorunlu, zaruri forced change take off choice
8 komşu get off amount neighbour observatory
9 akciğer popular due to locale lung
10 dış mahalle brain war lung suburban
11 kesin, belirli certain color ancient bird
12 kaynak build-up supply aircraft committee
13 evcilleştirmek a variety of domesticate great communicate
14 eğilimli, uygun, yatkın socialism mammal meet apt
15 bozukluk disorder mankind recently puzzle
16 acil durum emergency novel use temperature
17 nesil, enerji üretimi planet language generation photosynthesis
18 etki, darbe pipeline chocolate vaccination impact
19 karanlık olmak teenager transport darken manage
20 inanç belief become landing hearing
21 yalamak reduce emergency lick due to
havaya uçurmak,
22 şişirmek, kopmak surgeon grow see blow up
(fırtına)
23 çevre, ortam independence prevailing small environment
24 toplama, ilave addition impact rising foundation
25 kaçmak drug flee continue agricultural
26 yarar, devlet yardımı map therapy strong benefit
27 kıta continent belief change freedom
28 dönüşmek entirely colour transform landing
29 yüzey spend surface soft according to
30 yakıt, körük (mecazi) associate record fuel sun
31 roman snake mankind zinc novel
32 anlayış kill understanding human small
33 hayati, enerji dolu health excellent vital beauty
çarpışma, şangırtı,
34 crash colour care for pipeline
çökme
35 mevcut existing universe warn addict
36 çok çeşitli use colony domesticate a variety of
37 ticaret, iş preservative committee trade continuous
38 aşılama lasting young vaccination blow up
39 bağımlı kimse addict polio dinosaur today
40 muzdarip olmak cold fame conventional suffer
41 doğan birth physical hawk single
42 hastalık generation consist of forest illness
43 tarımsal fish lick agricultural early
44 ilişkilendirmek infection heart category associate
45 kabus supply die off recently nightmare
46 küresel industrial specialized global condition
47 olay yeri liver leader communicate locale
48 iniş, sahanlık suffer landing researcher clothing
49 ithal etmek authority engine addition import
50 insanoğlu lose mankind single diet
51 yetki authority disease product believe
52 zarar vermek hunt sunlight harm religion
53 tamamen governmental existing difficulty entirely
54 uygarlık civilization war hawk flee
55 yaygın prevailing invention liver lesson
56 kirlilik belief pollution consume moon
57 kükremek smoking roar surface emergency
58 kızamık deforestation play measles weaken
59 enfeksiyon long take off infection physical
60 koruyucu madde independence preservative specialized climate
61 çalışan employee certain today afraid
62 gizlemek cause country obscure measles
63 geleneksel conventional bird motorist as well as
64 tüketim consumption astronomer agreement use
65 dezavantaj composition pose financial drawback
66 çok yüksek greenhouse suburban overweight towering
67 özellikle lick physical substance in particular
68 vakıf, temel, fondöten existing foundation kill colour
69 bağımsızlık consist of independence drawback pure
70 gezegen certain planet fat plant
71 kazanmak grow condition mankind gain
72 dönüşüm long transformation elasticity breathe
73 mükemmel conventional intend risk excellent
74 gerekli necessary existing lifeboat size
75 tıbbi medical level certain cat
76 bel bağlamak, emission long rely on force
güvenmek
77 silah work weapon according to lick
78 çocuk felci use consume polio play
79 ilaç, uyuşturucu drug die because of fat
80 niyet etmek transform intend weapon trade
81 filika climate lifeboat cough nation
durum, koşul,
82 chemical light disease condition
rahatsızlık
83 ün long supply eat fame
84 kayıp, zarar force marketplace loss strong
85 kâr surface profit company development
86 sonsuza kadar forever classify infection plant
87 beyin brain rarely forest skin
88 iç mekanlarda yapılan in particular foundation medical indoor
89 hükümete ait governmental development fire microscope
90 uzman specialized suburban fried mammal
91 pazar yeri, piyasa forest marketplace category tetanus
92 güvenlik import apt novel safety
93 tamamlamak heating cough contain complete
94 evren dune universe global seem
95 karaciğer tetanus liver drug domesticate
96 anlaşma category diabetes agreement because of
97 yetişkin committee snake manage adult
beste, kompozisyon,
98 composition heart beauty genetic
bileşim
99 delik get off country sand hole
100 yok olmak harm poor die off electricity
send infectious make heal gain
prematurely air arable pose offer
loss immune brightly hunt raise
recession cough contain belief give
1 economic ---- ekonomik durgunluk
2 ---- medicine öksürük ilacı
3 ---- chemical kimyasal içermek
4 popular ---- yaygın inanış
5 ---- scholarship burs vermek
6 blood ---- kan kaybı
7 ---- system bağışıklık sistemi
8 ---- coloured parlak renkli
9 ---- animal hayvan avlamak
10 ---- price fiyat yükseltmek
11 ---- to prison hapishaneye göndermek
12 ---- disease bulaşıcı hastalık
13 ---- choice seçim yapmak
14 ---- wound yarayı iyileştirmek
15 ---- fame ün kazanmak
16 die ---- erken ölmek
17 ---- pollution hava kirliliği
18 ---- land tarıma elverişli arazi
19 ---- risk risk teşkil etmek
20 ---- benefit fayda sağlamak
1 communicate ---- …ile iletişim kurmak

2 bad ---- ... için kötü
3 risk ---- ... için risk
4 amount ---- …nın miktarı
5 foundation ---- ... için temel
6 price ---- ... için fiyat, bedel
7 to be caused ---- ...dan kaynaklanmak
8 ---- time zamanla, zaman içerisinde
9 agreement ---- ... arasında anlaşma
10 ---- last sonunda
11 ---- control kontrol altında
12 a variety ---- çok çeşitli ...
13 half ---- ...nın yarısı
14 impact ---- …üzerinde etki
15 care ---- ...nın bakımını üstlenmek
16 associate ---- ... ile ilişkilendirmek
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Prepositional Phrases ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Correlatives
• Unit Words
• List of Correlatives
fuel (n): yakıt, körük (mecazi)

Vocabulary
abundant (adj): bol happiness (n): mutluluk
active (adj): etkin health (n): sağlık
amazing (adj): şaşırtıcı inequality (n): eşitsizlik
beneficial (adj): yararlı life (n): hayat
global (adj): küresel mouth (n): ağız
harmful (adj): zararlı poverty (n): yoksulluk
healthy (adj): sağlıklı product (n): ürün, çarpım, bileşke
important (adj): önemli quartz (n): kuartz minerali
major (adj): büyük/önemli result (n): sonuç
mechanical (adj): mekanik, düşünmeden rock (n): kaya, rock müziği

yapılan role (n): görev, rol
necessary (adj): gerekli sin (n): günah
related (adj): bağlantılı, akraba singer (n): şarkıcı
social (adj): toplumsal site (n): alan, web sitesi
talented (adj): yetenekli species (n): tür (canlı)
almost (adv): neredeyse sunlight (n): güneş ışığı
always (adv): daima, tekrar tekrar (şikayet) sunrise (n): gün doğumu
certainly (adv): kesinlikle, elbette sunset (n): gün batımı
directly (adv): doğrudan view (n): manzara, görüş
indirectly (adv): dolaylı olarak virtue (n): erdem
verbally (adv): sözlü olarak visitor (n): ziyaretçi
actor (n): oyuncu (erkek) word (n): kelime
amount (n): miktar writer (n): yazar
ant (n): karınca acquire (v): edinmek
appearance (n): görünüş, ortaya çıkma advertise (v): reklamını yapmak
aspect (n): özellik affect (v): etkilemek
bike (n): bisiklet, motosiklet avoid (v): kaçınmak
body (n): vücut, ceset, kütle communicate (v): iletişim kurmak,
brain (n): beyin (hastalık) bulaştırmak
cause (n): sebep, amaç contain (v): içermek, kontrol altına almak
company (n): şirket, eşlik convert (v): dönüştürmek
computer (n): bilgisayar create (v): yaratmak
contact (n): temas, tanıdık destroy (v): yok etmek
corruption (n): yolsuzluk find (v): bulmak
effect (n): etki like (v): hoşlanmak
eye (n): göz, iğne deliği need (v): ihtiyaç duymak
form (n): form, biçim
play (v): oynamak, çalmak (müzik aleti), rol population (n): nüfus
almak
project (n): proje
ride (v): binmek
source (n): kaynak
surroundings (n): muhit
stand (v): ayakta durmak, tahammül etmek
system (n): sistem
supplementation (n): ilave
war (n): savaş
come from (pv): ...dan gelmek
water (n): su
give rise to (pv): sebep olmak
way (n): yol, yöntem
at least (adv): en azından
call (v): adlandırmak, telefon etmek,
make it (pv): başarmak, varmak çağırmak
depending on (phr): ...ya bağlı olarak exist (v): var olmak

deal with (pv): başa çıkmak, ...ile ilgili interact (v): etkileşime girmek
olmak
kill (v): öldürmek
rely on (pv): bel bağlamak, güvenmek
project (v): projelendirmek, görüntü
warming (n): ısınma yansıtmak
as well (adv): ayrıca solve (v): çözmek

adult (adj, n): yetişkin wound (v): yaralamak
ancient (adj): eski burning (n): yanma
hardened (adj): sertleştirilmiş plant (n): bitki, santral

high (adj): yüksek, kafayı bulmuş invading (adj): istila eden
industrial (adj): endüstriyel ways (phr): davranış tarzı

northern (adj): kuzey derive from (pv): ...dan türemek
same (adj): aynı great (adj): büyük, mükemmel
strong (adj): güçlü medical (adj): tıbbi

continually (adv): devamlı olarak mental (adj): zihinsel
today (adv): bugün physical (adj): fiziksel
animal (n): hayvan various (adj): çeşitli

building (n): bina, inşa etme divinely (adv): kutsal bir biçimde
cancer (n): kanser advertisement (n): reklam
century (n): yüzyıl allergy (n): alerji

dam (n): baraj benefit (n): yarar, devlet yardımı
death (n): ölüm breathing (n): nefes alıp verme
earthquake (n): deprem dehydration (n): su kaybı

eyelid (n): göz kapağı fashion (n): moda, tarz
fish (n): balık gender (n): cinsiyet
insect (n): böcek literature (n): edebiyat, yazılı, basılı bilgi

irrigation (n): sulama musician (n): müzisyen
lens (n): mercek province (n): il

magnitude (n): büyüklük reservoir (n): gölet, rezervuar
place (n): yer trend (n): eğilim, moda
world (n): dünya lung cancer : akciğer kanseri
agree (v): aynı fikirde olmak health risk : sağlık riski
cause (v): sebep olmak pose risk : risk teşkil etmek
change (v): değişmek, (para) bozdurmak irrigation system : sulama sistemi

complain (v): şikayet etmek create problem : sorun yaratmak
consider (v): düşünmek protect eye : gözü korumak

exercise (v): egzersiz yapmak, kullanmak living thing : canlı
influence (v): etkilemek physical aspect : fiziksel yön
inspire (v): ilham vermek change plan : planı değiştirmek

keep (v): tutmak, devam etmek great poet : büyük şair
miss (v): kaçırmak, özlemek political decision : siyasi karar

move (v): hareket etmek, taşınmak, eat properly : uygun biçimde yemek
duygulandırmak
great musician : önemli müzisyen
sleep (v): uyumak
poet (n): şair
Prepositions
plenty of : bol bol ...
from time to time (phr): ara sıra
during the day : gün boyunca
Collocations
during the night : gece boyunca
central to : ...için çok önemli/merkez
reduce pollution : kirliliği azaltmak
around the world : dünya genelinde |
health problem : sağlık sorunu dünyanın etrafında
talented writer : yetenekli yazar result of : ...nın sonucu
major cause : ana sebep visitor to : ...ya ziyaretçi
social inequality : sosyal eşitsizlik at sunset : gün batımında

fossil fuel : fosil yakıt convert from : …dan dönüştürmek
harmful effect : zararlı etki effect on : …üzerinde etki
beneficial effect : faydalı etki role in : ...da rol

eye contact : göz teması amount of : …nın miktarı
important role : önemli rol convert into : ...ya dönüştürmek
play a role : rol oynamak interact with : ... ile etkileşime geçmek
sell product : ürün satmak benefit for : ... için yarar
global warming : küresel ısınma complain about : …konusunda şikayet

etmek
deal with aspect : yönü ile ilgilenmek
in history : tarihte
steam engine : buhar makinesi
worried about : ...konusunda endişeli
leading cause : önde gelen sebep
List of Correlatives > List of Correlatives
not only… but also… sadece… değil ayrıca...
Bike riding is not just making the body healthier, but it also reduce air pollution as well.
Obesity not only affects your appearance, but it gives rise to plenty of health related problems.
Not only was he a talented writer, but he also was a singer and actor.
both… and… hem… hem de… / gerek… gerek…
Ants can be active both during the day and night, depending on the species.
For both Plato and Aristotle, acquiring virtue and avoiding sin were central to happiness.
Corruption is both a major cause and result of poverty and social inequality around the world.
either… or… ya… ya da…
The energy in fossil fuels comes from sunlight, either directly or indirectly.
Most visitors to Mount Nemrut try to make it to the site at either sunrise or sunset, to see the amazing view.
neither… nor… ne…ne de…
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another.
Vitamin E supplementation was found to have neither a harmful nor beneficial effect on people.
whether… or… ister…ister…
Whether sitting, standing, or making eye contact, you are always communicating non-verbally.
Computers are certainly playing an important role in our life, whether we like it or not.
not… but… …değil…
This company does not advertise, but rely on word of mouth to sell its products.
just as… so… tıpkı … gibi …
Just as the body needs fuel, so does the brain.
so… that… o kadar ... ki...
Quartz is so abundant that almost every rock contains at least a small amount of it.
such… that… o kadar ... ki...
Global warming is such a problem that it is necessary to deal with all its aspects.
such… as… …gibi…, örneğin, mesela
Such machines as steam engines can convert mechanical energy into other forms of energy.
not only… but also… neither… nor…
either… or… such… as…
both… and… just as… so…
neither… nor… such... that ...
whether… or… not… but…
just as… so… both… and…
not… but… so... that...
such… as… such... that ...
such... that ... either… or…
so... that... so... that...
both… and… not… but…
neither… nor… just as… so…
whether… or… not only… but also…
just as… so… so... that...
not only… but also… so... that...
neither… nor… not only… but also…
not only… but also… such… as…
either… or… neither… nor…
such... that ... so... that...
such… as… such… as…
not… but… whether… or…
whether… or… such... that ...
either… or… just as… so…
both… and… just as… so…
both… and… either… or…
such… as… not… but…
whether… or… neither… nor…
such... that ... whether… or…
not only… but also… either… or…
both… and… not… but…
1: Many species exist today in much the same form 7: Such water projects as dams and irrigation
as they did 200 million years ago. systems, sometimes create more problems than
TR: they solve.
TR:
2: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer

deaths in both men and women.
TR:
8: Neither fish nor insects have eyelids; their eyes
are protected by a hardened lens.
TR:
3: Obesity has posed a health risk not only to adults

but also to children.
TR:
9: Living things, whether plants or animals,

continually interact with their surroundings in many
ways.
TR:
4: Buildings should be made so strong that it even

stands high magnitude earthquake.
TR:
10: Balkh, in northern Afghanistan, is such an

ancient place that the invading Arabs in the 7th
century called it "Mother of Cities."
5: 11% of the population of France was either TR:
wounded or killed during the war.
TR:
6: Much of Africa’s air pollution derives not from

industrial sources but from the burning of fossil
fuels.
TR:
1: Exercising has various benefits for both the 7: Bill was so worried about his missing daughter
mental and physical aspects. that he could neither sleep nor eat properly.
TR: TR:
2: Whether he agrees or not, we won't change our

plans.
TR: 8: Handel's music has influenced such great
musicians as Beethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn
and Mozart.
TR:
3: Not only men but also women have complained

about the advertisement.
TR:
9: Breathing problems could be caused by either

dehydration or medical allergies.
TR:
4: British Columbia is so large that only 30 countries
in the world are larger than the province.
TR:
10: Just as fashion trends keep changing, so music

trends keep moving from time to time.
TR:
5: The Greeks considered Homer such a great poet

that the divinely inspired reservoir of all literature.
TR:
6: Wars in the history are not about gender, but

about political decisions.
TR:
1 küresel brain global interact certainly
2 en azından allergy contain at least literature

3 yaralamak wound social play verbally
4 ürün, çarpım, bileşke product view earthquake mechanical
5 büyük/önemli corruption at least cancer major
6 şair poet keep today insect
7 güneş ışığı call same sunlight adult
8 gün batımı singer sunset inspire sleep
9 yakıt, körük (mecazi) building poet fuel virtue
10 günah sin project divinely kill
from time to
11 ilave advertise magnitude supplementation
time
12 yarar, devlet yardımı harmful eyelid wound benefit
13 bağlantılı, akraba brain amazing related move
14 ziyaretçi need visitor project water
15 mutluluk happiness change gender interact
16 karınca abundant complain various ant
17 bol body abundant communicate cause
18 yolsuzluk word result corruption medical
19 sulama deal with province irrigation health
20 eşitsizlik solve inequality derive from agree
21 doğrudan active directly brain sunlight
22 başarmak, varmak make it quartz like continually
23 muhit surroundings eye verbally irrigation
24 gölet, rezervuar world indirectly reservoir wound
25 tıbbi rock health role medical
26 özellik aspect company warming trend
27 yazar same invading building writer
28 baraj physical sunlight dam fish
29 yoksulluk inequality insect come from poverty
30 kesinlikle, elbette communicate actor certainly avoid
31 yararlı benefit beneficial continually inequality
ayakta durmak,
32 burning advertise stand directly
tahammül etmek
33 sebep olmak ant plant give rise to hardened
34 su kaybı insect animal appearance dehydration
35 kaynak source invading singer harmful
36 sonuç company northern result system
37 gün doğumu virtue project sunrise create
38 edinmek magnitude convert consider acquire
39 devamlı olarak bike continually acquire contact
40 var olmak exist cause wound high
inequality properly talented pollution harmful
health create irrigation living decision
necessary make hold acquire ancient
lung leading cause fuel aspect
1 reduce ---- kirliliği azaltmak
2 ---- writer yetenekli yazar
3 major ---- ana sebep
4 social ---- sosyal eşitsizlik
5 fossil ---- fosil yakıt
6 ---- cause önde gelen sebep
7 ---- cancer akciğer kanseri
8 ---- risk sağlık riski
9 ---- system sulama sistemi
10 ---- problem sorun yaratmak
11 ---- thing canlı
12 physical ---- fiziksel yön
13 political ---- siyasi karar
14 eat ---- uygun biçimde yemek
15 ---- substance zararlı madde
16 ---- measure gerekli önlem
17 ---- appearance ortaya çıkmak, görünmek
18 ---- view görüşe sahip olmak
19 ---- a language bir dil edinmek
20 ---- civilization
1 plenty ---- bol bol ...

2 ---- the day gün boyunca
3 ---- the night gece boyunca
4 central ---- ...için çok önemli/merkez
5 result ---- ...nın sonucu
6 visitor ---- ...ya ziyaretçi
7 ---- sunset gün batımında
8 convert ---- …dan dönüştürmek
9 convert ---- ...ya dönüştürmek
10 interact ---- ... ile etkileşime geçmek
11 benefit ---- ... için yarar
12 ---- history tarihte
13 worried ---- ...konusunda endişeli
14 related ---- ...ile ilişkili
15 interact ---- ... ile etkileşime geçmek
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Correlatives ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Connectors Revision
• Unit Words
• Form Recognition
• Group Recognition
• Connector Questions
project (n): proje

Vocabulary
clever (adj): akıllı relationship (n): ilişki
functional (adj): işlevsel, çalışır durumda republic (n): cumhuriyet
happy (adj): mutlu southwest (adv): güneybatıya doğru
lonely (adj): yalnız, ıssız (yer) steamboat (n): buharlı gemi
missing (adj): kayıp storm (n): fırtına
possible (adj): mümkün weather (n): hava durumu
ridiculous (adj): saçma wedding (n): düğün
sad (adj): üzgün accomplish (v): başarmak
western (adj): batı adopt (v): evlat edinmek, benimsemek
quite (adv): oldukça advise (v): tavsiye vermek
simultaneously (adv): aynı anda allow (v): izin vermek, olanak sağlamak
beach (n): plaj approve (v): onaylamak
border (n): sınır, şerit ask (v): sormak, istemek
camel (n): deve choose (v): seçmek
death (n): ölüm employ (v): iş vermek, kullanmak
debt (n): borç hate (v): nefret etmek
deficiency (n): eksiklik interpret (v): yorumlamak, çevirmek
emergency (n): acil durum know (v): bilmek
giraffe (n): zürafa lie (v): uzanmak
goal (n): hedef, gol look (v): bakmak, görünmek
happiness (n): mutluluk manage (v): yönetmek, başarmak
health (n): sağlık miss (v): kaçırmak, özlemek
holiday (n): tatil operate (v): işletmek, ameliyat yapmak
husband (n): koca punish (v): cezalandırmak
interpreter (n): çevirmen, derleyici, raise (v): yükseltmek, yetiştirmek (çocuk

yorumlayan vs), ortaya atmak
job (n): iş read (v): okumak
kitten (n): kedi yavrusu replace (v): değiştirmek, yerine koymak
lesson (n): ders say (v): söylemek
maid (n): kadın hizmetçi signify (v): belirtmek, bildirmek
meeting (n): toplantı solve (v): çözmek
museum (n): müze speak (v): konuşmak
neighbour (n): komşu stay (v): kalmak
outsider (n): yabancı survive (v): hayatta kalmak
patient (n): hasta take (v): almak, (süre) almak
price (n): fiyat visit (v): ziyaret etmek
profit (n): kâr further (adv): daha fazla, daha ileriye
pay back (pv): geri ödemek fighting (n): savaşma
actual (adj): gerçek fire (n): ateş, yangın, ateş etme (silah)
adult (adj, n): yetişkin flea (n): pire
biological (adj): biyolojik, öz glove (n): eldiven

careful (adj): dikkatli grade (n): not (sınav), seviye
dangerous (adj): tehlikeli hat (n): şapka
dedicated (adj): kendini adamış information (n): bilgi

difficult (adj): zor interval (n): aralık
expensive (adj): pahalı investment (n): yatırım
foreign (adj): yabancı knife (n): bıçak

free (adj, adv): özgür, bedava, boşta language (n): dil
huge (adj): kocaman lie (n): yalan
individual (adj): bireysel meaning (n): anlam

injured (adj): yaralanmış morning (n): sabah
intelligent (adj): zeki occasion (n): durum, özel gün

poor (adj): fakir, yetersiz, zavallı olive (n): zeytin
qualified (adj): nitelikli orphanage (n): yetimhane
tired (adj): yorgun, bıkmış race (n): yarış, ırk
weekly (adj, adv): haftalık resemblance (n): benzerlik

actually (adv): aslında road (n): yol
certainly (adv): kesinlikle, elbette robber (n): soyguncu
generally (adv): genellikle runner (n): koşucu, kaçakçı

quickly (adv): hızlıca salary (n): maaş
really (adv): gerçekten secret (n): sır
socially (adv): sosyal olarak secretary (n): sekreter, bakan

alcoholic (n): alkolik seed (n): tohum
antioxidant (n): antioksidan session (n): oturum, dönem

appetite (n): iştah settlement (n): antlaşma, yerleşim alanı
association (n): kuruluş, ilişki shop (n): dükkan
atmosphere (n): atmosfer, ortam shortage (n): kıtlık

bean (n): fasulye, tane sibling (n): kardeş
calculator (n): hesap makinesi software (n): yazılım
citizen (n): vatandaş source (n): kaynak

counselling (n): danışma strike (n): grev, çarpma, saldırı
discovery (n): keşif sum (n): toplam
distance (n): mesafe sun (n): güneş

driver (n): sürücü, faktör text (n): metin
enemy (n): düşman time zone (n): zaman dilimi
environment (n): çevre, ortam trade (n): ticaret, iş
train (n): tren seem (v): ... gibi görünmek
treaty (n): antlaşma send (v): göndermek
union (n): birlik, sendika sound (v): kulağa ... gibi gelmek, ses
çıkarmak
user (n): kullanıcı
support (v): desteklemek
vehicle (n): taşıt
threaten (v): tehdit etmek
yacht (n): yat
tremble (v): titremek
accept (v): kabul etmek
type (v): yazmak (daktilo veya klavye ile)
access (v): erişim sağlamak
apologize (v): özür dilemek
arrive (v): varmak kalmak
cease (v): durdurmak put on (pv): giymek, kilo almak
close (v): kapatmak look for (pv): aramak
come (v): gelmek wait for (pv): beklemek
compel (v): zorlamak a couple of (q): bir iki
complete (v): tamamlamak
Collocations
comprehend (v): anlamak
miss train : treni kaçırmak
convince (v): ikna etmek
good health : sağlıklı olma
kesişmek, melezlemek take lesson : ders almak
decide (v): karar vermek pay back debt : borcu geri ödemek
delay (v): ertelemek, geciktirmek seem ridiculous : saçma görünmek
disappear (v): ortadan kaybolmak stay home : evde kalmak
discuss (v): tartışmak look lonely : yalnız görünmek
fear (v): korkmak look sad : üzgün görünmek
handle (v): başa çıkmak, tutmak, ticaret old people : yaşlı insanlar
yapmak heart attack : kalp krizi
house (v): barındırmak get injured : yaralanmak
include (v): içermek low salary : düşük maaş
keep (v): tutmak, devam etmek accept a job : işi kabul etmek
kill (v): öldürmek know well : iyi bilmek
learn (v): öğrenmek poor parent : yoksul ebeveyn
matter (v): önemi olmak younger sibling : küçük kardeş
meet (v): buluşmak, tanışmak, gidermek good investment : iyi yatırım
misbehave (v): yaramazlık yapmak keep nerve : sinire hakim olmak
modify (v): değişiklik yapmak cross the road : yolun karşısına geçmek
nerve (v): cesaretlendirmek sound alarm : alarm çalmak
participate (v): katılmak do sums : hesap yapmak
receive (v): almak weekly report : haftalık rapor
remain (v): kalmak send report : rapor göndermek
long distance : uzun mesafe
Prepositions
start work : işe başlamak talk about : ... hakkında konuşmak
individual counselling : bireysel punish for : ...için cezalandırmak
danışmanlık
approve of : ...yı onaylamak
tell a lie : yalan söylemek
think of : düşünmek, hayal etmek;
difficult race : zor yarış uydurmak
poor grade : düşük not at home : evde
seem intelligent : zeki gibi görünmek shortage of : …kıtlığı, darlığı
quite intelligent : oldukça zeki dangerous to : …için tehlikeli
same kind : aynı tür at ... intervals : ... aralıklarla
huge appetite : büyük iştah access to : …ya erişim
foreign language : yabancı dil source of : ...nın kaynağı
get help : yardım almak in time : zamanla, vaktinde
type quickly : çabuk, hızlı yazmak
Form Recognition > Introduction
1. Transition olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz. 10. Preposition olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz.
A) when A) as well as
B) and B) until
C) in order to C) in the event of
2. Hangisi yanlış bir ikili kullanımdır? 11. Hangisi doğru bir ikili kullanımdır?
A) such / as A) such / than
B) much / that B) both / and
C) both / and C) both / or
3. Hangisi yanlış bir ikili kullanımdır? 12. Prepositional Phrase olan bağlacı
işaretleyiniz.
A) too / enough
B) both / and A) while
C) the more / the more B) furthermore
C) by means of
4. Hangisi yanlış bir ikili kullanımdır?

A) either / or
B) the more / the more A) so / as
C) as / so B) the same / as
C) much / so
5. Preposition olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz.

14. Transition olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz.
A) so that
B) once A) whereas
C) before B) like
C) as though

15. Preposition olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz.
A) in addition to
B) because of A) instead
C) even though B) moreover
C) until

16. Hangisi doğru bir ikili kullanımdır?
A) such as
B) moreover A) such / such
C) in terms of B) the same / as
C) so / than
8. Prepositional Phrase olan bağlacı

işaretleyiniz. 17. Transition olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz.
A) as though A) unless
B) as long as B) before
C) according to C) for instance
9. Transition olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz. 18. Conjunction olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz.
A) as though A) in other words

B) although B) instead
C) in the event of C) even if
19. Conjunction olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz. 20. Conjunction olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz.
A) thanks to A) besides
B) unlike B) ever since
C) so that C) by means of
Form Recognition > Homework
1. Preposition olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz. 9. Hangisi doğru bir ikili kullanımdır?
A) thanks to A) such / that

B) like B) such / such
C) so long as C) as / so
2. Preposition olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz. 10. Conjunction olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz.

A) like A) in addition to
B) although B) rather than
C) furthermore C) as long as
3. Conjunction olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz. 11. Preposition olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz.
A) instead A) in terms of
B) ever since B) besides
C) as a result of C) owing to
4. Prepositional Phrase olan bağlacı 12. Prepositional Phrase olan bağlacı

işaretleyiniz. işaretleyiniz.
A) otherwise A) only if
B) as soon as B) therefore
C) in the event of C) on behalf of
5. Prepositional Phrase olan bağlacı 13. Hangisi yanlış bir ikili kullanımdır?
işaretleyiniz.
A) as / as
A) despite B) either / nor
B) due to C) such / as
C) therefore
14. Conjunction olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz.

A) only if
A) in fact B) according to
B) and C) in the event of
C) as long as
15. Hangisi doğru bir ikili kullanımdır?

A) neither / none
A) in fact B) so / as
B) in the event of C) rather / more
C) in addition to

A) so / that
A) rather than B) neither / none
B) as C) the same / as
C) such as
A) yet
B) thanks to
C) so that
18. Transition olan bağlacı işaretleyiniz. 20. Hangisi doğru bir ikili kullanımdır?
A) but A) rather / more

B) unlike B) less / than
C) as though C) more / more

A) however
B) after
C) in addition
Group Recognition > Introduction
1. Hangisi "koşul" bağlacıdır? 8. Hangisi "koşul" bağlacıdır?
A) despite A) instead of
B) as B) if
C) in case C) because of
D) as long as D) owing to
2. Hangisi "sebep" bağlacıdır? 9. Hangisi "amaç" bağlacıdır?

A) such as A) thanks to
B) besides B) so that
C) on account of C) that is
D) as soon as D) due to
3. Hangisi "ekleme" bağlacıdır? 10. Hangisi "koşul" bağlacıdır?
A) rather than A) when

B) once B) thanks to
C) just as C) nor
D) furthermore D) unless
4. Hangisi "ekleme" bağlacıdır? 11. Hangisi "koşul" bağlacıdır?
A) since A) while
B) as though B) by means of
C) besides C) even if
D) instead of D) besides
5. Hangisi "sebep" bağlacıdır? 12. Hangisi "ekleme" bağlacıdır?
A) in addition A) only if
B) for example B) thus
C) since C) if
D) if D) besides
6. Hangisi "zıtlık" bağlacıdır? 13. Hangisi "zaman" bağlacıdır?
A) even though A) besides

B) besides B) moreover
C) instead of C) before
D) when D) on behalf of

A) like A) as though
B) owing to B) in addition to
C) as well as C) according to
D) so long as D) though
15. Hangisi "zıtlık" bağlacıdır? 18. Hangisi "zıtlık" bağlacıdır?
A) as a result A) owing to
B) besides B) but
C) instead of C) instead
D) but D) thus
16. Hangisi "karşılaştırma" bağlacıdır? 19. Hangisi "ekleme" bağlacıdır?
A) contrary to A) though
B) moreover B) in addition
C) besides C) as long as
D) as if D) after
17. Hangisi "koşul" bağlacıdır? 20. Hangisi "zaman" bağlacıdır?

A) in spite of A) once
B) yet B) besides
C) so long as C) but
D) but D) as well as
Group Recognition > Homework
1. Hangisi "koşul" bağlacıdır? 8. Hangisi "zıtlık" bağlacıdır?

A) whenever A) even if
B) as long as B) despite
C) such as C) in case
D) since D) by the time
2. Hangisi "sebep" bağlacıdır? 9. Hangisi "zaman" bağlacıdır?

A) nor A) by the time
B) in terms of B) by means of
C) as a result of C) as long as
D) as if D) in other words
A) if A) unlike
B) though B) that is
C) before C) furthermore
D) as D) but
4. Hangisi "zıtlık" bağlacıdır? 11. Hangisi "zaman" bağlacıdır?
A) unless A) before
B) however B) even though
C) because of C) like
D) in order to D) instead
5. Hangisi "zaman" bağlacıdır? 12. Hangisi "zaman" bağlacıdır?
A) as if A) besides
B) in case B) so
C) that is C) otherwise
D) whenever D) ever since
6. Hangisi "ekleme" bağlacıdır? 13. Hangisi "örnek" bağlacıdır?

A) due to A) as a result of
B) moreover B) moreover
C) only if C) in case
D) for example D) such as
7. Hangisi "zaman" bağlacıdır? 14. Hangisi "sonuç" bağlacıdır?

A) by the time A) although
B) as a result of B) thus
C) unlike C) contrary to
D) thus D) whenever
15. Hangisi "zaman" bağlacıdır? 18. Hangisi "sebep" bağlacıdır?
A) otherwise A) since
B) by the time B) only if
C) that is C) as a result
D) in case D) even though
16. Hangisi "koşul" bağlacıdır? 19. Hangisi "zaman" bağlacıdır?
A) though A) in place of
B) furthermore B) instead of
C) only if C) if
D) in place of D) since
17. Hangisi "karşılaştırma" bağlacıdır? 20. Hangisi "zıtlık" bağlacıdır?
A) in other words A) as if
B) since B) although
C) whenever C) thus
D) unlike D) before
Connector Questions > Introduction
1. She spoke ---- she knew what she was 7. I stayed an extra night ---- I could see more
talking about, but she didn't. of Mumbai.
A) whereas B) once A) before B) so that
C) whenever D) as if C) while D) but
8. ---- I don't approve of what you did, I'm not

2. ---- she hated cats, she wasn't happy when
going to punish you for it.
her husband adopted three kittens.
A) Because B) If
A) As B) By the time
C) While D) However
C) As a result D) In fact
Translation:
Translation:
9. She hasn't taken dance lessons, ---- does

3. She employs a maid to do ---- the cooking ---- she need to.
washing for her family.
A) also B) yet
A) neither / nor B) both / and
C) nor D) hence
C) whether / or D) such / as
Translation:
Translation:
10. You can come to the meeting ---- you don't

say anything. Normally, outsiders are not
4. ---- you go to visit him, you should make
allowed to do so.
sure he's at home.
A) while B) as if
A) When B) By the time
C) as long as D) until
C) Although D) Before
Translation:
Translation:
5. I would advise you to leave as soon as

possible, ----, you might miss your train.
11. ---- banks he managed to pay back most of
A) instead B) but his debt.
C) otherwise D) that is A) With the help of B) Despite
Translation: C) In order to D) As a result of
Translation:
6. Vitamin E and cholesterol have a

relationship ---- good health.
A) according to B) by means of
C) apart from D) in terms of
Translation:
12. ---- you think of all the people who could 17. Giraffe don't drink too much water and can
have got the job, it seems ridiculous that he survive ---- water longer than a camel.
was chosen.
A) thanks to B) without
A) So B) While C) instead of D) such as
C) As D) When
Translation:
Translation:
18. Red signifies happiness, ---- it is used in

Chinese weddings.
13. ---- he has a vitamin deficiency, the patient
was given tablets for replacing the missing A) thus B) in contrast
minerals. C) that is D) instead
A) If B) Because Translation:
C) Unless D) While
Translation:
19. ---- I’m not used to interpreting

simultaneously, I did it quite well during my
first day of work as an interpreter.
A) As soon as B) Since
14. It was ---- a beautiful meteor storm ---- we C) But D) Even though
watched it all night.
Translation:
A) just as / so B) so / that
C) the same / as D) such / that
Translation:
20. ---- you are very clever, you should be able to

15. He was not at home and ---- we asked the solve this puzzle.
neighbours when he would be back.
A) Although B) Since
A) after B) instead C) While D) As if
C) therefore D) so that
Translation:
Translation:
21. We're not making much profit, ---- we need to

raise our prices.
16. Many modern steamboats are operated as
museum pieces, ---- functional ships. A) because B) so
A) owing to B) rather than C) in addition D) instead
C) such as D) in terms of Translation:
Translation:
22. The project is the biggest one for the

museum ---- 1914.
A) before B) during
C) while D) since
Translation:
23. I took a nice book on holiday with me, ---- I 27. Many of the deaths of older people are ----
didn't have enough time to read it. heart attacks.
A) if B) so A) by means of B) in spite of
C) but D) instead C) such as D) due to
28. Poland lies along Belarus 'western border, ---

24. The weather was ---- bad ---- we stayed at - the Czech Republic lies further to the
home. southwest.
A) whether / or B) such / as A) once B) while

C) less / than D) so / that C) when D) thus
25. He always looks so lonely and sad ---- his

popularity.
A) rather than B) instead of 29. I'll leave you my mobile number ---- there's
an emergency while I'm away.
C) with the help of D) despite
A) in case B) as soon as
Translation:
C) in the event of D) even if
Translation:
26. I am not able to go to the beach with you. ---

-, thanks for asking me.
A) In fact B) Nevertheless
30. ---- it takes you three years, you must
C) As a result D) Instead accomplish your goal.
Translation: A) Because B) After
C) Once D) Even if
Translation:
Connector Questions > Homework
1. Be careful when handling a knife, ---- you will 7. The poor parents could not support the
get injured. baby; ----, they sent him to an orphanage.
A) otherwise B) so that A) because B) instead
C) therefore D) instead C) however D) therefore
2. The driver did ---- stop the vehicle ---- drove

on. 8. She worked ---- her younger siblings could
go to school.
A) not / but B) neither / nor
C) not only / but also D) whether / or A) though B) so that
C) as D) if
Translation:
Translation:
3. They were able to position the yacht ----

radar. 9. ---- we have so much to do, let's delay
A) in the event of B) by means of discussing this until our next meeting.
C) in terms of D) on account of A) Since B) Unless
Translation: C) Once D) However
Translation:
4. We trembled ---- we watched the horror in

the movie with the zombies attacking the
citizens.
10. The shops were closed ---- the trade union
A) if B) unless strike.
C) though D) as
A) by means of B) rather than
Translation: C) in spite of D) on account of
Translation:
5. I decided to accept the job ---- the low salary. 11. She is going to stay at the beach ---- the sun
has disappeared.
A) in addition to B) thanks to
A) now that B) once
C) because of D) in spite of
C) in case D) until
Translation:
Translation:
6. I don't know him very well, ---- I have met him

socially on a couple of occasions.
12. Kate never learnt Spanish ---- she lived in
A) before B) although Spain for many years.
C) just as D) only if A) because B) even if
Translation: C) as long as D) although
Translation:
13. Buying a house is expensive; ----, it is a good 19. Children are told that it’s dangerous to cross
investment. the road ---- looking for cars first.
A) as a result B) however A) during B) without
C) that is D) in fact C) while D) by means of
14. ---- the treaty is announced, the fighting on

the border should cease. 20. ---- fire, the alarm will sound at intervals of
A) Whether B) While 15 seconds.
C) Before D) Once A) In terms of B) In spite of
Translation: C) In the event of D) As a result of
Translation:
15. ---- we receive enough rain, there will be a

shortage of electricity. 21. ---- you left, the atmosphere in the office has
not been as nice as it was before.
A) While B) Just as
A) Until B) Since
C) Unless D) After
C) Even though D) As a result
Translation:
Translation:
16. Alfred ---- got up late this morning ----

missed the train.
22. Russia is ---- a big country ---- it has eleven
A) not only / but also B) whether / or time zones.
C) neither / not D) so / as A) both / and B) so / as
Translation: C) such / that D) whether / or
Translation:
17. We have nothing to fear from our enemies ---

- we keep our nerve.
23. You must start at once; ---- you will be late.
A) instead B) as long as
A) thus B) otherwise
C) unless D) so that
C) yet D) whereas
Translation:
Translation:
18. ---- you win this race ---- you lose it doesn't 24. We are unable to go by train ---- the rail
matter. strike.
A) Neither / nor B) Whether / or A) because of B) before

C) The more / the more D) So / that C) despite D) ever since
25. The secretary spoke ---- the association. 31. ---- I don't think she's perfect for the job,
she's certainly better qualified than someone
A) as well as B) on behalf of else.
C) rather than D) due to
A) While B) So long as
Translation: C) As D) Since
Translation:
26. Why is he looking at me ---- he knew me?
A) so that B) even if
C) as though D) because
Translation: 32. We send them weekly reports ---- they may
have all the information.
A) when B) but
27. ---- people have access to your trade secrets,
C) so that D) after
---- it is.
Translation:
A) So little / such a B) As little as / so
good good
C) The less / the better D) More / than
Translation:
33. Nathan is a great long distance runner; ----,
he is a dedicated family man.
A) similarly B) otherwise
28. ---- the discovery, no settlements were made C) furthermore D) in contrast
in Brazil until 30 years later.
Translation:
A) Despite B) Along with
C) Due to D) Unlike
Translation:
34. ---- the teacher had arrived, they started to
work.
A) As soon as B) When
29. The robbers threatened to kill him ---- he C) Because D) Although
didn’t give them his money.
Translation:
A) if B) though
C) whereas D) after
Translation: 35. The group meets four times a week; ---- we
have individual counselling sessions.
A) in fact B) so
C) in addition D) yet
30. You should learn to do your sums in your Translation:
head ---- always using your calculator.
A) instead of B) with the help of

C) in case of D) in terms of
Translation: 36. Jason ---- tells lies ---- misbehaves with
everybody.
A) the more / the more B) such / as
C) whether / or D) not only / but also
Translation:
37. It was a difficult race; ----, over 1,000 runners 42. ---- its huge appetite, adult flea can survive
participated. 100 days without food.
A) for instance B) nonetheless A) Contrary to B) Despite
C) that is D) otherwise C) As regards D) Due to
38. ---- green ---- black olives are good sources 43. We were tired ---- we had been running for
of antioxidants on their own. hours.
A) The more / the more B) Whether / or A) because B) yet
C) Both / and D) Either / nor C) although D) as a result
44. ---- the text was written in a foreign

39. Users are generally able to compile and language, I could not comprehend its
modify the software in any way, ---- it meaning.
remains free.
A) Even though B) Just as
A) unless B) so that C) While D) Since
C) whereas D) so long as
Translation:
Translation:
45. ---- his drinking was a problem, no one could

40. Alice seems quite intelligent; ----, she often convince the alcoholic to get help.
gets poor grades. A) Because B) Since
A) as well as B) for instance C) So that D) Even though
C) instead D) nonetheless Translation:
Translation:
46. Even though coffee is actually a seed, it's

41. The biological environment includes
called a bean ---- its resemblance to actual
organisms of the same kind ---- other plants
beans.
and animals.
A) according to B) contrary to
A) in terms of B) as well as
C) because of D) instead of
C) in place of D) due to
Translation:
Translation:
47. The secretary types ---- quickly ---- she 49. We are waiting for the boys. ---- Roy ----
always completes her work in time. Joseph has come yet.
A) more / than B) not only / but A) Neither / nor B) So / that
C) just / as D) so / that C) Either / or D) Both / and
50. I put on my gloves and my hat ---- it was

48. You must apologise; ---- you will be really cold outside.
punished.
A) thus B) as
A) however B) and
C) yet D) nor
C) otherwise D) nonetheless
Translation:
Translation:
1 özgür, bedava, boşta kitten shop free trade
2 zor border morning maid difficult

3 kardeş train citizen border sibling
4 antlaşma, yerleşim alanı robber settlement health matter
5 fire socially robber possible
(silah)
6 fasulye, tane bean source allow driver
7 taşıt glove vehicle modify seed
8 daha fazla, daha ileriye further say death simultaneously
9 pire sun patient yacht flea
10 kıtlık house sun shortage bean
karşıdan karşıya geçmek,
11 yacht delay discuss cross
kesişmek, melezlemek
12 oturum, dönem meaning language salary session
13 yönetmek, başarmak text manage price relationship
14 dikkatli careful ridiculuous raise stay
15 çözmek approve solve union free
16 maaş ridiculous further salary enemy
17 kesinlikle, elbette keep certainly operate dangerous
18 keşif weekly discovery kill certainly
19 yorumlamak, çevirmek interpret handle learn orphanage
20 durdurmak cease southwest salary say
21 toplam keep ridiculous sum advise
22 tehdit etmek threaten information accomplish interpret
23 ertelemek, geciktirmek settlement meeting distance delay
24 cesaretlendirmek enemy project nerve emergency
25 sınır, şerit weather border wedding solve
26 ikna etmek software hat actual convince
27 onaylamak association appetite approve free
28 yaralanmış lonely support include injured
29 titremek enemy tremble biological beach
30 zeki patient intelligent access session
31 kuruluş, ilişki language work plant association
32 saçma distance modify ridiculous read
33 eldiven republic huge glove occasion
başa çıkmak, tutmak,
34 vehicle handle interpreter train
ticaret yapmak
35 eksiklik send delay deficiency raise
36 ilişki shortage relationship orphanage profit
37 kâr comprehend husband time zone profit
38 nitelikli convince qualified race signify
çevirmen, derleyici,
39 hate actual survive interpreter
yorumlayan
40 iş vermek, kullanmak sound employ dangerous weekly
41 erişim sağlamak employ meaning job access
42 işletmek, ameliyat yapmak compel grade operate send
43 borç debt miss happy sibling
44 aynı anda stay investment goal simultaneously
45 cezalandırmak counselling ask punish cease
46 antlaşma choose visit treaty sum
47 cumhuriyet sun resemblance republic antioxidant
48 zorlamak compel quickly adult allow
49 toplantı meeting camel race olive
50 bitki, santral plant wait for shortage race
cross employ take foreign weekly
sound peace keep accept attack
appetite quickly quite tell establish
get ridiculous pay back miss hold
1 ---- train treni kaçırmak
2 ---- lesson ders almak
3 ---- debt borcu geri ödemek
4 seem ---- saçma görünmek
5 heart ---- kalp krizi
6 ---- injured yaralanmak
7 ---- a job işi kabul etmek
8 ---- nerve sinire hakim olmak
9 ---- alarm alarm çalmak
10 ---- report haftalık rapor
11 ---- a lie yalan söylemek
12 ---- intelligent oldukça zeki
13 ---- language yabancı dil
14 type ---- çabuk, hızlı yazmak
15 ---- border sınırı geçmek
16 ---- a meeting toplantı düzenlemek
17 ---- relationship ilişki kurmak
18 ---- worker işçi çalıştırmak
19 loss of ---- iştah kaybı
20 ---- treaty barış antlaşması

2 punish ---- ...için cezalandırmak
3 approve ---- ...yı onaylamak
4 think ---- düşünmek, hayal etmek; uydurmak
5 ---- home evde
6 shortage ---- …kıtlığı, darlığı
7 treaty ---- ...arasında antlaşma
8 ---- ... intervals ... aralıklarla
9 ---- time zamanla, vaktinde
10 ---- the beach sahil boyunca
11 ---- an emergency acil bir durumda
12 profit ---- ...dan kar
13 punish ---- ... için cezalandırmak
14 replace sth ---- sth bir şeyi bir şey ile değiştirmek
15 dedicated ---- kendini …ya adamış
16 association ---- ... arasındaki ilişki
17 investment ---- …ya yatırım
18 dangerous ---- …için tehlikeli
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Connectors Revision ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Relative Clause
• Unit Words
• RC Markers
• RC Recognition
• RC Questions
• RC Reduction Types
follow (v): takip etmek, anlamak

Vocabulary
ancient (adj): eski kill (v): öldürmek
dangerous (adj): tehlikeli offer (v): teklif etmek, sunmak
serial (adj): seri stop (v): durmak, engellemek
unknown (adj): bilinmeyen enjoyable (adj): eğlenceli
disease (n): hastalık expensive (adj): pahalı
driver (n): sürücü, faktör famous (adj): meşhur
job (n): iş far (adj): uzak
killer (n): katil furious (adj): öfkeli, şiddetli
man (n): adam, insanoğlu large (adj): büyük
politician (n): siyasetçi main (adj): ana
tomb (n): mezar major (adj): büyük/önemli
abuse (v): istismar etmek, küfür etmek natural (adj): doğal, normal
arrest (v): tutuklamak old (adj): yaşlı, eski
break (v): kırmak, bozmak, ara vermek poor (adj): fakir, yetersiz, zavallı
die (v): ölmek threatening (adj): tehdit eden
dislike (v): hoşlanmamak wise (adj): akıllı
like (v): hoşlanmak at all (adv): hiç
quit (v): pes etmek animal (n): hayvan
trust (v): güvenmek answer (n): cevap
turn out (pv): ... olduğu ortaya çıkmak, body (n): vücut, ceset, kütle
toplanmak country (n): ülke, taşra
great (adj): büyük, mükemmel decision (n): karar
vacant (adj): boş effect (n): etki
world-famous (adj): dünyaca meşhur extinction (n): nesli tükenme
always (adv): daima, tekrar tekrar (şikayet) eyesight (n): görme yetisi
bribe (n): rüşvet factor (n): etken, (matematik) çarpan
building (n): bina, inşa etme food (n): yiyecek
detective (n): dedektif fool (n): budala
inspiration (n): ilham health (n): sağlık
malaria (n): sıtma honey (n): bal, tatlım
people (n): insanlar, halk husband (n): koca
philosopher (n): filozof island (n): ada
speeding (n): hız yapma life (n): hayat
swimmer (n): yüzücü majority (n): çoğunluk
weather (n): hava durumu medicine (n): ilaç, tıp
weatherman (n): hava durumu sunucusu museum (n): müze
agree (v): aynı fikirde olmak
night (n): gece hand (n): el
portrait (n): portre human (n): insan

question (n): soru, şüphe hydrophobia (n): su korkusu, kuduz
rate (n): oran, ücret racehorse (n): yarış atı

river (n): nehir scientist (n): bilim insanı
source (n): kaynak skin (n): deri, kabuk
species (n): tür (canlı) substance (n): madde, önem
tower (n): kule task (n): görev

tree (n): ağaç veterinarian (n): veteriner
wild (n): vahşi doğa world (n): dünya
ask (v): sormak, istemek cure (v): tedavi etmek

attend (v): katılmak, dikkatini vermek fight (v): kavga etmek, mücadele etmek,
savaşmak
burn (v): yakmak
perform (v): uygulamak, gösteri yapmak
receive (v): almak
contain (v): içermek, kontrol altına almak
rock (v): salla(n)mak
rule (v): yönetmek, hüküm vermek
poet (n): şair
inhabit (v): yaşamak
come from (pv): ...dan gelmek
suffer from (pv): ...dan muzdarip olmak
please (v): memnun etmek, istemek
prevent (v): önlemek
outside (adj): dışarıda, dış kaynaklı
recover (v): iyileşmek
fruit (n): meyve, sonuç
meaning (n): anlam
consist of (pv): ...dan oluşmak
novelist (n): roman yazarı
fall into (pv): başlamak, (kötü bir duruma)
uğramak orphan (n): yetim
go off (pv): çalışmamak, patlamak, parent (n): ebeveyn

seed (n): tohum
put off (pv): ertelemek, tiksindirmek
word (n): kelime
on the verge of (pp): ...nın eşiğinde
capable (adj): yetenekli
call (v): adlandırmak, telefon etmek,
efficiently (adv): verimli bir şekilde çağırmak
bone (n): kemik grow (v): büyümek
brain (n): beyin know (v): bilmek
computer (n): bilgisayar use (v): kullanmak
cradle (n): beşik, telefon kızağı, asma dead (adj): ölü, bitmiş (pil vb.), uyuşmuş
iskele
cat (n): kedi
crook (n): dolandırıcı, asa
enemy (n): düşman
galaxy (n): galaksi
fee (n): ücret
pet (n): evcil hayvan
allow (v): izin vermek, olanak sağlamak student (n): öğrenci
drive (v): (araba) sürmek, harekete tutorial (n): eğitim

geçirmek
type (n): tür
locate (v): yerini belirlemek
vapour (n): buhar
apartment building (n): apartman binası
way (n): yol, yöntem
convert (v): dönüştürmek
moist (adj): nemli
find (v): bulmak
warm (adj): ılık, sıcak tutan, içten
beginning (n): başlangıç
continent (n): kıta
transform (v): dönüşmek
damage (n): hasar
set up (pv): kurmak, ayarlamak, oyuna
earthquake (n): deprem getirmek
enslavement (n): esir alma ill (adj): hasta, kötü
era (n): çağ injured (adj): yaralanmış
spring (n): ilkbahar, yay, pınar, ani sıçrama measurable (adj): ölçülebilir
wheat (n): buğday qualitative (adj): nitel
year (n): yıl care (n): bakım, dikkat, kaygı
cause (v): sebep olmak hospital (n): hastane

forget (v): unutmak skill (n): beceri
plant (v): dikmek exist (v): var olmak
set foot on (pv): ayak basmak fail (v): kalmak (sınav), başarısız olmak,
cancerous (adj): kanserli
observe (v): gözlemlemek, uymak (kural
endlessly (adv): sonsuz bir şekilde vb.)
cell (n): hücre, küçük oda provide (v): sağlamak
price (n): fiyat try (v): ... yapmaya çalışmak, denemek,
yargılamak
certain (adj): kesin, belirli
divide (v): bölmek
electromagnetic (adj): elektromanyetik
explain (v): açıklamak
foremost (adj): en başta gelen
rise (v): yükselmek, doğmak (güneş),
ayağa kalkmak global (adj): küresel
liquid (adj): sıvı, hemen paraya çevrilebilir important (adj): önemli
primary (adj): başlıca, ilkokul, ilk necessary (adj): gerekli
blood (n): kan, soy rapid (adj): hızlı
breakdown (n): arıza, parçalama, zihinsel suited (adj): uygun
çöküntü
total (adj): toplam
evaporation (n): buharlaşma
venomous (adj): zehirli
help (n): yardım
continually (adv): devamlı olarak
manner (n): biçim, tavır
process (n): süreç, işlem
often (adv): sık sık
soil (n): toprak, ülke
perhaps (adv): belki
rapidly (adv): hızlı bir şekilde create (v): yaratmak
uniquely (adv): eşsiz olarak damage (v): hasar vermek

business (n): ticaret, iş yeri develop (v): gelişmek, ortaya çıkmak
case (n): durum, vaka, kap elevate (v): yükseltmek
children (n): çocuklar invite (v): davet etmek, davetiye çıkarmak

condition (n): durum, koşul, rahatsızlık liken (v): benzetmek
coral reef (n): mercan resifi outnumber (v): sayıca fazla olmak
diabetes (n): şeker hastalığı overlook (v): nazır olmak, göz ardı etmek
dynasty (n): hanedan point (v): işaret etmek

energy (n): enerji print (v): basmak
environment (n): çevre, ortam replace (v): değiştirmek, yerine koymak

experience (n): tecrübe respect (v): saygı duymak
function (n): işlev, tören send (v): göndermek
importance (n): önem share (v): paylaşmak, bölüşmek

industry (n): sanayi, çalışkanlık smoke (v): (sigara vs) içmek, tütsülemek
information (n): bilgi speak (v): konuşmak

knowledge (n): bilgi undergo (v): maruz kalmak
laziness (n): tembellik capital (n): başkent, büyük harf, sermaye
learning (n): öğrenme plant (n): bitki, santral

level (n): seviye make use of (pv): istifade etmek
pandemic (adj, n): salgın fall out (pv): (diş, saç) dökülmek, kavga
etmek
phenomenon (n): olgu, fenomen
photosynthesis (n): fotosentez
move towards (pv): ...ya yönelmek
point (n): nokta, puan, uç
aging (n): yaşlanma
awful (adj): berbat, müthiş
position (n): pozisyon, durum, iş
busy (adj): meşgul, işlek
full (adj): dolu, tok
sufficient (adj): yeterli
recovery (n): iyileşme
eventually (adv): sonunda
relationship (n): ilişki
ruler (n): cetvel, hükümdar
airplane (n): uçak
science (n): bilim
airport (n): hava limanı
sleep (n): uyku
border (n): sınır, şerit
snake (n): yılan
emerald (n): zümrüt
sun (n): güneş
feature (n): özellik
third party (n): üçüncü kişi
force (n): güç, kuvvet (askeri vs)
transformation (n): dönüşüm
gravity (n): yer çekimi, ciddiyet
war (n): savaş
layer (n): katman
noise (n): gürültü truly (adv): gerçekten, içtenlikle
offer (n): teklif band (n): müzik grubu, bant, aralık,

topluluk
physics (n): fizik
cigarette (n): sigara
port (n): liman
preparation (n): hazırlık, ilaç karışımı
profession (n): meslek
gentleman (n): beyefendi
propeller (n): pervane
holiday (n): tatil
lead singer (n): solist
ship (n): gemi
line (n): çizgi, hat (telefon), sıra, ip, satır
shoe (n): ayakkabı (yazı)
address (v): hitap etmek, sorunla navy (n): donanma, lacivert
ilgilenmek, adres yazmak
nurse (n): hemşire
adjoin (v): eklemek
passport (n): pasaport
attract (v): çekmek
patient (n): hasta
fit (v): uymak, uygun olmak
physician (n): hekim
live (v): yaşamak
present (n): hediye, şu an
object (v): itiraz etmek
prison (n): hapishane
punctuation (n): noktalama
reject (v): reddetmek
radiation (n): radyasyon, ışıma
remember (v): hatırlamak
riding (n): binicilik
sensitize (v): duyarlılaştırmak
score (n): puan
sore (n): yara
gemstone (n): mücevher taşı
state (n): durum, devlet, eyalet
every day (adv): her gün
sublimation (n): süblimleşme
advanced (adj): ileri düzeyde
surface (n): yüzey
annoying (adj): sinir bozucu
swelling (n): şişkinlik
clever (adj): akıllı
thief (n): hırsız
close (adj): yakın
tiredness (n): yorgunluk
due (adj): beklenen, borç
town (n): kasaba, çarşı
treatment (n): tedavi, muamele
pleasing (adj): hoşa giden
vessel (n): gemi, damar, kap
surface (adj): kara/deniz ulaşımı, dış
(görünüş) wife (n): karı
commonly (adv): yaygın olarak, ortaklaşa writing (n): yazı, yazma

directly (adv): doğrudan avoid (v): kaçınmak
publicly (adv): alenen, kamuya açık olarak circle (v): daire çizmek
simply (adv): yalnızca, tek kelimeyle, complain (v): şikayet etmek

basitçe
disappear (v): ortadan kaybolmak
effect (v): meydana getirmek walk (v): yürümek
force (v): zorlamak artificial (adj): yapay

get (v): elde etmek, ulaşmak, anlamak complex (adj): karmaşık
leave (v): ayrılmak, bırakmak different (adj): farklı
lose (v): kaybetmek outer (adj): dış
move (v): hareket etmek, taşınmak, every (q): her

duygulandırmak
pistol (n): tabanca
shark (n): köpek balığı
prescribe (v): reçete yazmak
space (n): alan, uzay
station (n): istasyon, vaziyet
realize (v): farkına varmak,
gerçekleştirmek structure (n): yapı, bina
scan (v): taramak weapon (n): silah
scratch (v): kaşımak, tırmalamak design (v): tasarlamak
ski (v): kayak yapmak be made up of (pv): ...dan oluşmak
station (v): görevlendirmek banknote (n): kağıt para
steal (v): çalmak city (n): şehir
turn (v): dönmek, dönüşmek telescope (n): teleskop
mistake (n): hata writer (n): yazar
take off (pv): çıkarmak (kıyafet), kalkış hold (v): tutmak, düzenlemek
view (v): görmek, seyretmek
give up (pv): bırakmak, pes etmek
to date (adv): şimdiye kadar
land on (pv): konmak
economic (adj): ekonomik, kârlı
look at (pv): gözden geçirmek, ele almak,
exact (adj): tam
muayene etmek
ago (adv): önce
care about (pv): önemsemek
amount (n): miktar
slow (adj): yavaş
burden (n): yük
square (adj): kare
strange (adj): tuhaf, yabancı
glass (n): cam, bardak
widespread (adj): yaygın
percent (adj, adv): yüzde
money (n): para
compound (n): bileşik
newspaper (n): gazete
erosion (n): erozyon
product (n): ürün, çarpım, bileşke
language (n): dil
publish (v): yayımlamak
production (n): üretim, yapım
spend (v): harcamak
room (n): oda, alan
treat (v): davranmak, tedavi etmek,
security (n): güvenlik, güvence
ısmarlamak
depend on (pv): bağlı olmak, güvenmek
classify (v): sınıflandırmak
fluently (adv): akıcı bir şekilde
cover (v): kaplamak
chess (n): satranç
hear (v): duymak
error (n): hata volcanic (adj): volkanik
finance (n): finans illegally (adv): yasa dışı olarak
gratitude (n): şükran seriously (adv): ciddi bir şekilde
haste (n): acele still (adv): hâlâ, yine de

minister (n): bakan, papaz cough (n): öksürük
murder (n): cinayet deficiency (n): eksiklik
convict (v): suçlu bulmak direction (n): yön, talimat

decide (v): karar vermek eruption (n): patlama (yanardağ)
express (v): ifade etmek explosion (n): patlama, artış
fire (v): ateş etmek, kovmak intake (n): alım

join (v): katılmak, birleştirmek light (n): ışık, ateş (çakmak vs)
murder (v): cinayet işlemek medium (n): iletişim aracı, kanal, medyum
(insan)
sentence (v): ceza vermek
north (adj, n): kuzey
stand (v): ayakta durmak, tahammül etmek
nutrient (n): besin
support (v): desteklemek
object (n): cisim, amaç
settle (v): halletmek, yerleşmek, yatışmak
peace (n): barış, huzur
any longer (adv): artık daha
bring up (pv): yetiştirmek, gündeme
getirmek, kusmak prize (n): ödül
look for (pv): aramak shelter (n): sığınak
beneficial (adj): yararlı slavery (n): kölelik

self-esteem (n): öz saygı south (adj, n): güney
value (n): değer storage (n): depolama
everything (pron): her şey union (n): birlik, sendika

learn (v): öğrenmek vaccine (n): aşı
require (v): gerektirmek worker (n): işçi
attach to (pv): önem, değer vs vermek abolish (v): (yürürlükten) kaldırmak

long (adj): uzun collapse (v): çökmek
rural (adj): kırsal detect (v): tespit etmek
west (adj, n): batı enter (v): girmek

to be born (v): doğmak face (v): yüzleşmek, ...ya dönük olmak
best-known (adj): en bilindik raise (v): yükseltmek, yetiştirmek (çocuk

vs), ortaya atmak
environmental (adj): çevresel
shock (v): şoke etmek
essential (adj): gerekli
exhausted (adj): çok yorgun
due to (pp): ...den dolayı
inadequate (adj): yetersiz
deal with (pv): başa çıkmak, ...ile ilgili
predictable (adj): tahmin edilebilir olmak
preventable (adj): önlenebilir result from (pv): ...dan kaynaklanmak
serious (adj): ciddi undernutrition (n): yetersiz beslenme
develop a disease : bir hastalığa
Collocations yakalanmak
abuse alcohol : alkol kullanmak
take a bus : otobüsle gitmek
serial killer : seri katil
serious problem : ciddi sorun
offer sb bribe : birine rüşvet teklif etmek
really awful : gerçekten kötü
great philosopher : büyük filozof
open mail : posta/mail açmak
get inspiration : ilham almak
reach stage : aşamaya ulaşmak
each year : her yıl
enjoy work : Işten zevk almak
main source : ana kaynak
begin work : işe başlamak
fall into a coma : komaya girmek
main feature : temel özellik
major factor : ana etken
natural force : doğal güç
health problem : sağlık sorunu
have an effect : etkisi olmak
wild animal : vahşi/yabani hayvan
get present : hediye almak
poor eyesight : zayıf görüş
smoke cigarette : sigara içmek
have poor eyesight : gözleri bozuk olmak
get score : puan almak
become popular : popüler olmak
high score : yüksek puan
know well : iyi bilmek
advanced course : ileri kurs
progress quickly : hızla ilerlemek
great damage : büyük hasar
sad day : üzücü gün
cancerous cell : kanserli hücre
occur commonly : yaygın olarak/sık
water vapour : su buharı meydana gelmek
blood type : kan grubu hear noise : ses duymak
produce energy : enerji üretmek first language : ana dil
provide care : bakım sağlamak/vermek food production : gıda üretimi
elevate level : seviyeyi yükseltmek soil erosion : toprak kayması
blood sugar : kan şekeri human body : insan vücudu
heart failure : kalp yetmezliği space station : uzay istasyonu
heart may pump : kalp pompalayabilir outer space : uzay boşluğu
pump blood : kan pompalamak popular icon : popüler simge
increase rapidly : hızla artmak economic burden : ekonomik yük, külfet
developed country : gelişmiş ülke spend money : para harcamak
paper money : kağıt para create burden : yük oluşturmak
print money : para basmak express gratitude : minnettarlığı dile

getirmek
civil war : iç savaş
write book : kitap yazmak
look for a job : iş aramak
economic recovery : ekonomik iyileşme
speak fluently : akıcı şekilde konuşmak
share information : bilgi paylaşmak
put in order : düzene koymak | sipariş
make use : faydalanmak vermek
uniquely suited : benzersiz şekilde uygun turn attention : dikkatini çevirmek
foreign affairs : dış işleri
require energy : enerjiye gerek duymak share with : ...ile paylaşmak
environmental pollution : çevre kirliliği live in : ...da yaşamak
face a problem : bir sorunla karşılaşmak suited to : ... için uygun
raise a question : bir soru sormak, at the door : kapıda

gündeme getirmek
knowledge of : ... bilgisi
damage seriously : ciddi bir şekilde zarar
vermek type of : ...türü / bir tür ...
abolish slavery : köleliği kaldırmak close to : ...ya yakın
receive a prize : ödül almak effect on : …üzerinde etki
different way : farklı yol speak to : ... ile konuşmak
murky water : bulanık su design for : … için tasarlamak
social stress : sosyal stres in the world : dünyada
climate change : iklim değişikliği with a telescope : bir teleskopla

burden for : ... için yük
Prepositions
gratitude to : ...ya şükran
job as : ... olarak iş
in haste : aceleyle
die of : ...dan ölmek
attention to : ...ya verilen dikkat/gösterilen
fight against : …ya karşı savaşmak özen
capable of : ...yı yapabilen be convicted of : ...dan suçlu bulunmak
after sb's death : birinin ölümünden sonra sentence to : ...ya/cezasına çarptırılmak
in spring : ilkbaharda at once : hemen, birden, bir çırpıda
transform into : …ya dönüşmek beneficial to : ...ya faydalı
breakdown of : ...nın parçalanması to be caused by : ...dan kaynaklanmak
in turn : sırayla / dolayısıyla sensitive to : …ya karşı duyarlı/hassas
at the conference : konferansta
RC Markers > who
who
People who abuse alcohol are dangerous drivers.
George Orwell, who disliked British Imperialism, quit his job as a policeman in Burma.
Most of the men who broke these ancient tombs died of unknown diseases.
He never trusted a politician who people liked too much.
The man who the police had arrested turned out to be the serial killer.
Notes
RC Markers > whom
whom
The man whom the detective was following went into a vacant building.
The speeding motorist whom the policeman stopped offered him a bribe.
A weatherman is someone with whom the weather does not always agree.
Emerson was a great philosopher from whom Gandhi got his inspiration.
Malaria kills over one million people each year, most of whom are children under 5.
At the party there were boxers, footballers, swimmers and many other athletes, some of whom are world-
famous.
Notes
RC Markers > which
which
Honey is the only natural food which never goes off.
The Eiffel Tower is not far from the Louvre museum, which contains the famous portrait, the Mona Lisa.
The River Nile, which is over 6,500 kilometres long, is Egypt's main source of water.
The medicine which the doctor gave me had no effect at all.
A fool can ask a question which forty wise men cannot answer.
The concert which we attended last night was very enjoyable.
The tree under which they had their picnic was the largest and oldest in the park.
He fell into a coma from which he never recovered.
Metabolism determines the rate at which your body burns calories.
Obesity is a major factor for health problems, many of which are life threatening.
The wild animals of Afghanistan include more than 100 mammal species, some of which are on the verge of
extinction.
The country consists of more than 80 islands, the majority of which are inhabited.
She has very poor eyesight, which has prevented her from being a pilot.
Mrs. Parker bought three expensive dresses, which made her husband furious.
The decision was put off, which pleased all of us.
Notes
RC Markers > that
that
Water is an enemy for people that suffer from hydrophobia.
The veterinarian that cured the racehorse received a handsome fee.
He is the poet that many young people get the inspiration from.
The politician that everybody trusted turned out to be a crook.
Gelatin is a protein substance that comes from the skins and bones of animals.
The hand that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world.
Cancer is the enemy that the scientists have been fighting against for years.
Computers are capable of doing all the tasks that the human brain performs even more efficiently.
Notes
RC Markers > whose
whose
A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
Charles Dickens is one of the few novelists whose works became popular after his death.
Don't use any words whose meanings you don't know well.
A strawberry is the only fruit whose seeds grow on the outside.
Notes
RC Markers > where
where
We live in an apartment building where pets aren't allowed, so we can't have a cat.
The Milky Way is the galaxy where our Earth is located.
The only country in the world, where women are not allowed to drive is Saudi Arabia.
Notes
RC Markers > when
when
She didn't forget the year when the earthquake caused great damage.
Wheat should be planted in spring when earth is warm and moist.
The day when Columbus set foot on the new continent was the beginning of an era of enslavement.
Notes
RC Markers > why
why
She explained the reason why the prices had risen.
Men are the reason why women don't like each other.
No one knows the reason why a cancerous cell grows and divides endlessly.
Notes
RC Markers > whereby
whereby
by which
We need to set up some kind of tutorial program whereby students can get extra help.
Evaporation is the process whereby liquid water is transformed to water vapour.
Scientists have found a way by which they can convert all blood types into 0 type blood.
The breakdown of food is the primary manner by which the body produces energy.
Notes
RC Markers > those
those
Hospitals exist to provide care to those who are ill or injured.
The only people that never fail are those who never try.
Qualitative skills are those which can be observed, but are not measurable.
Notes
RC Markers > Homework
1: Carbohydrates cause blood sugar to rise, which 6: Learning is the process whereby knowledge is
in turn elevates insulin levels. created through the transformation of experience.
TR: TR:
2: Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can

not pump enough blood throughout the body. 7: The number of people who are smoking in the
TR: developed countries is increasing so rapidly.
TR:
3: Aging process is a biological phenomenon that

everyone has to undergo at a certain point of life. 8: China did not print paper money again until the
TR: 1890s when the Qing Dynasty began producing
yuan.
TR:
4: Poverty is the foremost reason why parents are

not in a position to send their children to school.
TR: 9: In 1621, when the ruler died the country fell into
civil war.
TR:
10: Turkey has a total population of over 70 million,

four million of which live in Ankara, the capital.
5: The cases in Mexico and the US may lead to a
TR:
global pandemic, which could kill millions of people.
TR:
11: Jane, whom everyone respects, was invited to 16: Plants make use of the Sun's electromagnetic
speak at a conference on the health effects of air energy for photosynthesis, the process by which
pollution. they produce food.
TR: TR:
12: Crocodiles continually grow new teeth to

17: Those which live in a coral reef are uniquely
replace teeth that are broken or that fall out.
suited to their environment.
TR:
TR:
18: Sleep is a necessary body function, whose

13: Most countries whose industries had been importance is often overlooked or likened to
damaged moved towards economic recovery. laziness.
TR: TR:
14: The science of medicine in which progress has

been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most
important of all the sciences. 19: Australia is the only continent where venomous
TR: snakes outnumber the nonvenomous.
TR:
20: Those who do not have enough insulin may

develop diabetes.
TR:
15: The information may be shared with third
parties with whom we have a business relationship.
TR:
RC Recognition > Introduction
1. Hangisi insanları niteleyebilir? 11. Hangisi sebebi niteleyebilir?

A) whose B) when A) why B) whereby
C) which C) whose
2. Hangisinden sonra yalın isim gelir? 12. Hangisi yer isimlerini niteleyebilir?
A) whose B) which A) whose B) that

C) where C) whereby
3. Hangisi sebebi niteleyebilir? 13. Hangisi insanları niteleyebilir?
A) whose B) why A) where B) which

C) when C) who
4. Hangisi sebebi niteleyebilir? 14. Hangisi insanları niteleyebilir?
A) in which B) who A) why B) whose

C) why C) which
5. Hangisi zaman ifadelerini niteleyebilir? 15. Hangisinden sonra yalın isim gelir?
A) where B) when A) who B) in which

C) whereby C) whose
6. Hangisi virgülden sonra gelemez? 16. Hangisi yer isimlerini niteleyebilir?
A) that B) why A) where B) who

C) in which C) whereby
7. Hangisi sebebi niteleyebilir? 17. Hangisi virgülden sonra gelemez?
A) whose B) where A) that B) who

C) why C) whereby
8. Hangisi yer isimlerini niteleyebilir? 18. Hangisi sebebi niteleyebilir?
A) that B) in which A) when B) why

C) who C) where
9. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelebilir? 19. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelemez?
A) that B) when A) that B) where

C) whereby C) which
10. Hangisi insanları niteleyebilir? 20. Hangisi zaman ifadelerini niteleyebilir?
A) why B) in which A) that B) why

C) whom C) whereby
RC Recognition > Homework
1. Hangisi nesneleri niteleyebilir? 11. Hangisinden sonra yalın isim gelir?
A) where B) which A) whose B) whom

C) why C) where
2. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelebilir? 12. Hangisi nesneleri niteleyebilir?
A) who B) whom A) whom B) which

C) whose C) why
3. Hangisi sebebi niteleyebilir? 13. Hangisi zaman ifadelerini niteleyebilir?

A) who B) where A) whereby B) why
C) why C) when
4. Hangisi virgülden sonra gelemez? 14. Hangisi nesneleri niteleyebilir?
A) that B) whereby A) whom B) when

C) in which C) whose
5. Hangisi virgülden sonra gelemez? 15. Hangisi yer isimlerini niteleyebilir?
A) why B) which A) whom B) who

C) that C) whose
6. Hangisinden sonra yalın isim gelir? 16. Hangisi nesneleri niteleyebilir?

A) in which B) whose A) where B) whom
C) why C) that
7. Hangisi zaman ifadelerini niteleyebilir? 17. Hangisinden sonra yalın isim gelir?
A) why B) who A) when B) why

C) that C) whose
8. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelemez? 18. Hangisinden sonra yalın isim gelir?
A) whereby B) which A) when B) who

C) who C) whose
9. Hangisi yer isimlerini niteleyebilir? 19. Hangisi nesneleri niteleyebilir?

A) whom B) whose A) whom B) why
C) why C) whose
10. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelemez? 20. Hangisinden sonra ana fiil gelemez?
A) that B) in which A) which B) that

C) which C) whereby
RC Questions > Introduction
1. There's someone at the door ---- wants to 7. We visited the school ---- my aunt taught
speak to George. until last summer.
A) who B) why A) whose B) whom
C) which D) those C) of which D) where
2. 1999 is the year ---- the big earthquake 8. Rotterdam is the port ---- is the busiest in
happened. Europe.
A) whose B) how A) of which B) wherever
C) where D) when C) what D) which
3. Politics is perhaps the only profession for --- 9. I will always remember the day ---- we met.
- no preparation is thought necessary.
A) when B) during which
A) which B) because C) whether D) what
C) whom D) that
Translation:
Translation:
10. The movie ---- we saw last Monday was really

awful.
4. The bus ---- I take to school every day is A) in which B) that

always full. C) where D) who
A) where B) when Translation:

C) that D) of which
Translation:
11. No one should open an mail except the
person to ---- it has been addressed.
A) that B) who
5. The man ---- we met at the races is my long
time friend. C) whose D) whom
A) whoever B) whose Translation:

C) whom D) whenever
Translation:
12. Students ---- want to major in physics ought

to have a sufficient knowledge of
6. Noise is the most serious problem for those mathematics.
---- live around the airports.
A) whether B) which
A) which B) who C) why D) who
C) when D) where Translation:
Translation:
13. Eventually, I reached a stage ---- I began to 17. Do you know the reason ---- our offer was
enjoy my work. rejected?
A) where B) at which A) when B) by which
C) from which D) by which C) where D) why
18. Colour film has several layers, ---- is

14. Do you know the reason ---- airplane
sensitized to a different colour.
propellers turn much faster than ship
propellers? A) which B) by which
A) how B) which C) whichever D) each of which
C) when D) why Translation:
Translation:
19. Mexico is a country ---- borders adjoin with

those of the United States.
15. An emerald is a type of gemstone ---- main
feature is its green colour. A) which B) whose
C) its D) wherever
A) whereby B) which
Translation:
C) whose D) that of
Translation:
20. Those shoes ---- you want to buy don’t even

fit you.
16. Gravity is the natural force ---- objects are
attracted to each other. A) who B) whom
C) whose D) which
A) by which B) whereas
C) when D) whom Translation:
Translation:
RC Questions > Homework
1. The school ---- she works is very close to her 7. The police couldn't find the painting ---- the
apartment. thieves stole last week.
A) whose B) where A) where B) if
C) which D) whenever C) which D) why
2. During the holidays, we are going to a place

---- we can ski. 8. I didn't realize I had forgotten my passport
until I reached the airport, ---- was very
A) which B) what annoying.
C) where D) how A) which B) that
Translation: C) where D) when
Translation:
3. The reason ---- she can't meet you is that

she's leaving today.
A) whereby B) when
9. A mini-robot ---- was due to land on the
C) why D) whatever
surface of an asteroid circling the Sun has
Translation: been lost.
A) whose B) that
C) who D) where
4. There's no reason ---- you should become a Translation:

physician because your father is one.
A) which B) whom
C) when D) why
Translation: 10. The person ---- you sent the letter has moved
to a new address.
A) where B) to whom
C) of which D) that is
5. The method ---- food is prepared can have an Translation:
effect on acid reflux.
A) for whom B) in that
C) when D) by which
11. This antibiotic is to be used only by the
Translation:
person ---- it is prescribed.
A) whose B) which
C) who D) to whom
6. We’re going to see a band ---- lead singer is Translation:
a friend of ours.
A) who B) whose
C) whether D) which
Translation:
12. The process ---- substances are turned 18. You should avoid going outside during the
directly from a solid state into a gas is called middle of the day ---- the sun's radiation is
sublimation. highest.
A) by which B) in that A) how B) whose

C) whose D) how C) wherever D) when
13. Those ---- publicly complained often went to 19. I've got a lot of friends, ---- smoke cigarettes.
prison or simply disappeared.
A) that B) none of whom
A) whom B) who C) many of which D) by which
C) which D) whose
Translation:
Translation:
20. The children ---- got the highest score are

very clever.
14. The Bolivian navy has 173 vessels, many of - A) when B) whose
--- are stationed on Lake Titicaca.
C) which D) who
A) which B) where
Translation:
C) whose D) whom
Translation:
21. Advanced courses are offered for students --

-- want to progress quickly in a subject.
A) whose B) who
15. There are many people ---- don't speak C) whom D) whoever
French.
Translation:
A) whether B) why
C) which D) who
Translation:
22. Who is that gentleman to ---- he is speaking?

16. 25 December is the day ---- children in Great A) that B) whose
Britain get their Christmas presents. C) whom D) who
A) of which B) when Translation:
C) whose D) why
Translation:
23. Jessica scanned the lines, none of ---- had
any punctuation.
A) whether B) whose
C) which D) whereby
17. You have no mistakes at all in your writing, --
-- is very pleasing. Translation:
A) where B) which
C) what D) whose
Translation:
24. The day ---- I'm forced to give up riding will 28. Those ---- commonly occur during treatment
be a sad day for me. include tiredness, sore, red skin and
swelling.
A) which B) on which
C) by which D) for which A) which B) who
C) on which D) why
Translation:
Translation:
25. Nurses ---- truly care about their patients are

very much needed.
29. I know the town ---- she lives.
A) whom B) which
C) whose D) that A) whatever B) why
C) where D) when
Translation:
Translation:
30. Bill Clinton was the president ---- wife is

26. My cat Köpük, ---- I love, scratched me
called Hillary Clinton.
yesterday.
A) that B) whom
A) where B) that
C) with which D) whose
C) whom D) by which
Translation:
Translation:
27. The plane ---- you are looking at now has just
taken off for Paris.
A) who B) that
C) how D) where
Translation:
RC Reduction Types > Ving
Who / Which / That + Ana Fiil > Ving

Bu şekilde kısaltma yapabilmek için ana fiilin Active halde olması gerekir.
RC I heard a strange noise which was coming from the room above.
Reduction I heard a strange noise coming from the room above.
Translate
RC Carbon dioxide is a compound which consists of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.
Reduction Carbon dioxide is a compound consisting of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.
Translate
RC Babies who walked later than 18 months were classified as slow walkers.
Reduction Babies walking later than 18 months were classified as slow walkers.
Translate
RC 88 percent of those who live in France speak French as their first language.
Reduction 88 percent of those living in France speak French as their first language.
Translate
Tüm cümleyi niteleyen 'which' de bu şekilde kısaltılabilir.
RC Soil erosion is widespread in Africa, which affects food production and food security.
Reduction Soil erosion is widespread in Africa, affecting food production and food security.
Translate
RC Libya covers 1,759,500 square kilometres, which makes it a bit larger than the state of Alaska.
Reduction Libya covers 1,759,500 square kilometres, making it a bit larger than the state of Alaska.
Translate
RC Reduction Types > V3
Who / Which / That + Ana Fiil > V3

Bu şekilde kısaltma yapabilmek için ana fiilin Passive halde olması gerekir.
The human body is a very complex system, which is made up of millions of cells with different
RC
functions.
Reduction The human body is a very complex system, made up of millions of cells with different functions.
Translate
RC A space station is an artificial structure which is designed for humans to live in outer space.
Reduction A space station is an artificial structure designed for humans to live in outer space.
Translate
RC The weapon which was found near the body was a pistol which was made in Europe.
Reduction The weapon found near the body was a pistol made in Europe.
Translate
RC For every human who are killed by a shark, humans kill 2 million sharks.
Reduction For every human killed by a shark, humans kill 2 million sharks.
Translate
RC Reduction Types > to V1
Relative Clause ile nitelenen ismin öncesinde the first/second/third..., the only, the few, superlative varsa to V1
şeklinde kısaltma yapılabilir.
RC The first European country which produced bank notes was Sweden in 1661.
Reduction The first European country to produce bank notes was Sweden in 1661.
Translate
RC Rita was the only person who complained.
Reduction Rita was the only person to complain.
Translate
RC Stephen King is one of the few writers in the world who became a popular icon.
Reduction Stephen King is one of the few writers in the world to become a popular icon.
Translate
RC Galileo Galilei was the first person who viewed Mars with a telescope.
Reduction Galileo Galilei was the first person to view Mars with a telescope.
Translate
RC Sochi is the warmest city which held the Winter Olympic Games to date.
Reduction Sochi is the warmest city to hold the Winter Olympic Games to date.
Translate
RC Reduction Types > being V3
Who / Which / That + Ana Fiil > being V3

Bu şekilde kısaltma yapabilmek için ana fiilin Passive halde olması gerekir. Ayrıca kısaltılan ana fiil çoğu zaman
Simple Continuous bir tense'dir.
There are fewer newspapers which are being published in America now than there were a
RC
century ago.
Reduction There are fewer newspapers being published in America now than there were a century ago.
Translate
RC The exact amount of energy depended on the type of glass product which was being produced.
Reduction The exact amount of energy depended on the type of glass product being produced.
Translate
Money which is being spent to treat AIDS patients creates an economic burden for
RC
governments in Africa.
Money being spent to treat AIDS patients creates an economic burden for governments in
Reduction
Africa.
Translate
RC Reduction Types > having V3 & having been V3
Kısaltma olan fiilin ana fiilden daha önce gerçekleştiğini vurgulamak istediğimizde kısaltmayı “having V3” veya
"having been V3" şeklinde yaparız.
Having V3 active bir fiilin; Having been V3 passive bir fiilin kısaltmasıdır.
RC She expressed her gratitude to all her friends who had supported her.
Reduction She expressed her gratitude to all her friends having supported her.
Translate
RC The book which has been written in haste has a lot of errors.
Reduction The book having been written in haste has a lot of errors.
Translate
RC The police arrested the man having who had murdered the little girl.
Reduction The police arrested the man having murdered the little girl.
Translate
RC Jason, who has been fired, is looking for another job now.
Reduction Jason, having been fired, is looking for another job now.
Translate
RC The students who have joined the chess club are very clever.
Reduction The students having joined the chess club are very clever.
Translate
RC My father who was brought up in America speaks English fluently.
Reduction My father having been brought up in America speaks English fluently.
Translate
Kısaltmalar cümle başında da yazılabilir.
My parents, who have been unable to stand city life any longer, have decided to settle in a
RC
small town.
Having been unable to stand city life any longer, my parents have decided to settle in a small
Reduction
town.
Translate
RC The minister who had put the country's finances in order turned his attention to foreign affairs.
Reduction Having put the country's finances in order, the minister turned his attention to foreign affairs.
Translate
RC Mike, who had been convicted of murder, was sentenced to life imprisonment.
Reduction Having been convicted of murder, Mike was sentenced to life imprisonment.
Translate
RC Reduction Types > Omitting That
“isim + that + SV” şeklindeki Relative Clause “that” cümleden atılarak kısaltılabilir.
RC Self esteem is the value that a person attaches to himself.
Reduction Self esteem is the value a person attaches to himself.
Translate
RC A language is not something that you learn all at once.
Reduction A language is not something you learn all at once.
Translate
RC The vitamins that he took were beneficial to his health.
Reduction The vitamins he took were beneficial to his health.
Translate
RC Everything that the body does requires energy.
Reduction Everything the body does requires energy.
Translate
RC Reduction Types > Apposition
“which is | who is” kullanımlarının tamamen cümleden çıkarılmasıyla yapılan kısaltmalardır.
RC His parents, who are both doctors, were from the rural west of Scotland.
Reduction His parents, both doctors, were from the rural west of Scotland.
Translate
RC The Nile, which is the longest river in the world, is in Egypt.
Reduction The Nile, the longest river in the world, is in Egypt.
Translate
RC James Madison, who is the fourth president of the United States, was born 16 March 1751.
Reduction James Madison, the fourth president of the United States, was born 16 March 1751.
Translate
RC Istanbul, which is the best-known city in Turkey, is also the largest with over 14 million.
Reduction Istanbul, the best-known city in Turkey, is also the largest with over 14 million.
Translate
RC Reduction Types > Homework
1: Undernutrition, a deficiency of essential nutrients, 7: Haiti was the first country in the Americas to
can result from inadequate intake. abolish slavery.
TR: TR:
8: Shocked by the explosion, the people ran for

shelter.
2: Environmental pollution is one of the biggest TR:
problems the world faces today.
TR:
9: Much of the damage caused by earthquakes is

predictable and preventable.
TR:
3: There are serious questions being raised about

the direction of the future of electronic storage
media.
TR:
10: The medicine she took cured her of the bad

cough she'd been suffering from.
TR:
4: There have been cases of children being

seriously damaged by vaccines.
TR: 11: Malala was the youngest person to receive the
Nobel Peace Prize.
TR:
5: We are still dealing with problems resulting from

errors having been made in the past. 12: People living in the north of England speak
TR: English in a different way from the people living in
the south.
TR:
6: The workers having worked for more than eight

hours were very exhausted.
TR:
13: Sensitive to light, sharks can detect certain 15: Ancient Egypt may have collapsed due to social
objects even in murky water. stress caused by climate change and volcanic
TR: eruptions.
TR:
14: The majority of people trying to illegally enter

the European Union do so through Greece.
TR:
1 duyarlılaştırmak sensitize importance explosion process
2 süreç, işlem process set up elevate compound

3 görev measurable deficiency task make use of
4 tutuklamak importance arrest wheat poverty
5 güvenlik, güvence gratitude security eyesight progress
6 biçim, tavır manner offer knowledge bring up
7 nesli tükenme elevate extinction sensitize border
8 bakan, papaz deficiency overlook minister suited
9 sınıflandırmak arrest classify seriously overlook
10 ...dan oluşmak locate set up consist of orphan
11 yaygın widespread pleasing vaccine border
12 yeterli abuse sufficient poet nutrient
13 iyileşme seed recovery bring up venomous
14 şikayet etmek vapour prison collapse complain
gözlemlemek, uymak
15 observe vapour look for nutrient
(kural vb.)
16 şişkinlik swelling settle dynasty tomb
17 sayıca fazla olmak circle perhaps convict outnumber
18 salgın commonly pandemic station prescribe
19 yoksulluk vacant sentence set foot on poverty
20 tembellik laziness emerald tomb sore
21 yaygın olarak, ortaklaşa look for collapse haste commonly
22 yara security raise sore philosopher
23 sonunda eventually exhausted process tutorial
24 ilişki seed consist of recovery relationship
25 yetersiz beslenme station poet undernutrition breakdown
26 reddetmek reject deal with haste swelling
27 kıta artificial continent minister convict
28 donanma, lacivert seed undernutrition navy era
29 tedavi etmek ruler progress deal with cure
30 önem security publicly exhausted importance
31 taramak vapour scan coral reef beneficial
32 dönüşmek undergo transform sufficient result from
33 eksiklik enslavement deficiency undergo abolish
34 suçlu bulmak weapon breakdown disappear convict
35 eski ancient function suited predictable
36 şimdiye kadar nutrient compound minister to date
37 tahmin edilebilir be made up of predictable measurable replace
38 kaşımak, tırmalamak sufficient scratch border orphan
39 cetvel, hükümdar ruler moist sore task
40 önlenebilir preventable cradle complain rapidly
41 aşı vaccine pandemic publish sentence
42 esir alma laziness enslavement elevate continent
43 cinayet işlemek be made up of threatening ancient murder
44 öksürük commonly complex cough relationship
45 karmaşık ancient continually complex address
46 ceza vermek tomb emerald uniquely sentence
47 yapay primary gratitude furious artificial
48 filozof transform classify philosopher locate
49 tespit etmek preventable detect process relationship
50 ilerleme outer progress strange scratch
51 nemli relationship moist abolish bring up
52 ilham inspiration extinction artificial illegally
53 çekmek tutorial evaporation attract prison
54 ileri düzeyde perhaps address orphan advanced
55 dönüşüm tutorial recovery breakdown transformation
56 öz saygı self-esteem task reject venomous
57 buharlaşma sentence attract inspiration evaporation
58 çökmek inhabit on the verge of poverty collapse
59 başlıca, ilkokul, ilk publish primary progress manner
60 ortadan kaybolmak self-esteem era moist disappear
61 zehirli transformation venomous outer navy
62 ...dan kaynaklanmak manner result from uniquely extinction
63 aramak look for scratch sufficient weapon
64 istifade etmek lead to inadequate contain make use of
65 buhar evaporation disappear structure vapour
değiştirmek, yerine
66 uniquely transform replace beneficial
koymak
başa çıkmak, ...ile ilgili
67 cough deal with punctuation pandemic
olmak
68 (yürürlükten) kaldırmak wheat abolish outnumber weapon
69 yetim orphan vaccine task cure
70 noktalama measurable punctuation publish eyesight
71 işlev, tören burden circle unknown function
istismar etmek, küfür
72 settle gravity abuse result from
etmek
73 bileşik compound continent widespread vacant
beşik, telefon kızağı,
74 cradle poverty moist vaccine
asma iskele
75 yükseltmek elevate furious production pandemic
76 yükseltmek, yetiştirmek raise on the verge of contain threatening
(çocuk vs), ortaya atmak
77 çağ navy era cure attach to
78 sınır, şerit go off locate border shelter
79 yararlı detect malaria function beneficial
arıza, parçalama,
80 shelter pistol breakdown progress
zihinsel çöküntü
81 patlama (yanardağ) fluently shelter eruption convict
82 çok yorgun outnumber exhausted inspiration vessel
83 devamlı olarak enslavement circle continually recovery
84 sığınak eventually publicly shelter inadequate
85 yük burden malaria outer vessel
86 akıcı bir şekilde fluently dynasty inspiration prescribe
87 belki perhaps unknown foremost station
88 ...nın eşiğinde eruption on the verge of species function
halletmek, yerleşmek,
89 advanced to date abolish settle
yatışmak
alenen, kamuya açık
90 scan cradle publicly enslavement
olarak
91 boş vacant publicly exhausted perhaps
92 yapı, bina preventable punctuation structure gravity
başkent, büyük harf,
93 punctuation sensitize capital complex
sermaye
94 bilinmeyen vacant offer unknown explosion
95 ...dan oluşmak foremost classify lead to be made up of
kurmak, ayarlamak,
96 set up continually coral reef essential
oyuna getirmek
97 mezar observe philosopher tomb to date
98 daire çizmek prescribe offer complain circle
çalışmamak, patlamak,
99 bozulmak (yiyecek), undernutrition eruption security go off
çalmaya başlamak
100 bilgi strange knowledge attract arrest
fall rapidly reach seriously put
poor print pump abolish foreign
cancerous share outer receive face
offer produce burden vapour express
1 ---- sb bribe birine rüşvet teklif etmek
2 ---- into a coma komaya girmek
3 ---- eyesight zayıf görüş
4 ---- cell kanserli hücre
5 water ---- su buharı
6 ---- energy enerji üretmek
7 increase ---- hızla artmak
8 ---- money para basmak
9 ---- information bilgi paylaşmak
10 economic ---- ekonomik yük, külfet
11 ---- stage aşamaya ulaşmak
12 ---- blood kan pompalamak
13 ---- space uzay boşluğu
14 ---- gratitude minnettarlığı dile getirmek
15 ---- in order düzene koymak | sipariş vermek
16 ---- affairs dış işleri
17 ---- a problem bir sorunla karşılaşmak
18 damage ---- ciddi bir şekilde zarar vermek
19 ---- slavery köleliği kaldırmak
20 ---- a prize ödül almak
1 job ---- ... olarak iş

2 fight ---- …ya karşı savaşmak
3 capable ---- ...yı yapabilen
4 ---- sb's death birinin ölümünden sonra
5 ---- spring ilkbaharda
6 transform ---- …ya dönüşmek
7 ---- turn sırayla / dolayısıyla
8 ---- the conference konferansta
9 share ---- ...ile paylaşmak
10 live ---- ...da yaşamak
11 suited ---- ... için uygun
12 ---- the door kapıda
13 knowledge ---- ... bilgisi
14 close ---- ...ya yakın
15 speak ---- ... ile konuşmak
16 design ---- … için tasarlamak
17 ---- a telescope bir teleskopla
18 burden ---- ... için yük
19 gratitude ---- ...ya şükran
20 ---- haste aceleyle
21 attention ---- ...ya verilen dikkat/gösterilen özen
22 be convicted ---- ...dan suçlu bulunmak
23 ---- once hemen, birden, bir çırpıda
24 beneficial ---- ...ya faydalı
25 sensitive ---- …ya karşı duyarlı/hassas
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Relative Clause ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Noun Clause
• Unit Words
• NC Markers
• That SVO Lists
• RC vs NC
• Dummy it
• NC Questions
cell (n): hücre, küçük oda

Vocabulary
acceptable (adj): kabul edilebilir centre (n): merkez
cancerous (adj): kanserli civilization (n): uygarlık
certain (adj): kesin, belirli cousin (n): kuzen
clear (adj): net, açık (hava), saydam debate (n): tartışma
cold (adj): soğuk, ilgisiz digestion (n): sindirim
convenient (adj): uygun, yakın election (n): seçim
critical (adj): eleştirel, çok önemli ethic (n): ahlak kuralları
effective (adj): etkili fault (n): hata, fay
final (adj): son fisherman (n): balıkçı
hard (adj): zor, katı, sıkı (çalışmak vs) form (n): form, biçim
hot (adj): sıcak, acı health (n): sağlık
living (adj): canlı job (n): iş
long-term (adj): uzun vadeli mess (n): dağınıklık, zorluk, kışla

yemekhanesi
same (adj): aynı
money (n): para
secure (adj): güvenli
mouth (n): ağız
unacceptable (adj): kabul edilemez
outcome (n): sonuç
uncertain (adj): belirsiz
people (n): insanlar, halk
various (adj): çeşitli
police (n): polis (teşkilatı)
next (adj): sonraki
professor (n): profesör
always (adv): daima, tekrar tekrar (şikayet)
project (n): proje
endlessly (adv): sonsuz bir şekilde
fully (adv): tamamıyla
research (n): araştırma
greatly (adv): büyük ölçüde
result (n): sonuç
primarily (adv): esas olarak
right (n): sağ, hak, doğru olan (şey)
slowly (adv): yavaşça
scholar (n): alim
soon (adv): birazdan
slavery (n): kölelik
yet (adv): henüz
student (n): öğrenci
taxpayer (n): vergi mükellefi
answer (n): cevap
thermometer (n): ısı ölçer
attention (n): dikkat, özen
brain (n): beyin
train (n): tren
bus (n): otobüs
wife (n): karı
nobody (pron): hiç kimse
campaign (n): kampanya, sefer
ask (v): sormak, istemek clean up (pv): temizlemek
begin (v): başlamak depend on (pv): bağlı olmak, güvenmek
care (v): önemsemek, istemek put up with (pv): katlanmak
catch (v): yakalamak be concerned with (pv): ... ile ilgili olmak
compose (v): bestelemek, oluşturmak come to an end (pv): sona ermek
determine (v): belirlemek, karar vermek boring (adj): sıkıcı
differ (v): farklı olmak healthy (adj): sağlıklı
divide (v): bölmek high (adj): yüksek, kafayı bulmuş

exist (v): var olmak hurt (adj): yaralanmış, üzülmüş
explain (v): açıklamak irrelevant (adj): ilgisiz
fail (v): kalmak (sınav), başarısız olmak, successful (adj): başarılı

sure (adj): emin
focus (v): odaklanmak
worried (adj): kaygılı
grow (v): büyümek
percent (adj, adv): yüzde
know (v): bilmek
breast (n): meme
live (v): yaşamak
cancer (n): kanser
matter (v): önemi olmak
country (n): ülke, taşra
measure (v): ölçmek
quarrel (v): tartışmak
doubt (n): şüphe
race (v): yarışmak
evidence (n): kanıt
recover (v): iyileşmek
feature (n): özellik
remain (v): kalmak
forest (n): orman
report (v): bildirmek, şikayet etmek
share (v): paylaşmak, bölüşmek
intake (n): alım
çalıştırmak island (n): ada
steal (v): çalmak language (n): dil
stop (v): durmak, engellemek linguist (n): dilbilimci
tell (v): söylemek nicotine (n): nikotin
vote (v): oy kullanmak physics (n): fizik
want (v): istemek, gerekmek prosperity (n): refah
win (v): kazanmak question (n): soru, şüphe
wonder (v): merak etmek researcher (n): araştırmacı
work (v): çalışmak, işe yaramak resistance (n): direnç
poem (n): şiir resource (n): kaynak
of course (phr): tabii ki, kuşkusuz sign (n): işaret
be none of somebody's business (phr): tax (n): vergi

birini ilgilendirmemek
woman (n): kadın
despite (prep): ...e rağmen supervisor (n): müfettiş
believe (v): inanmak supply (n): kaynak
cause (v): sebep olmak tobacco (n): tütün

estimate (v): tahmin etmek wind (n): rüzgâr, gaz (mide, bağırsak)
find (v): bulmak winner (n): galip
forget (v): unutmak fire (v): ateş etmek, kovmak

keep (v): tutmak, devam etmek note (v): fark etmek, ifade etmek
owe (v): borçlu olmak punish (v): cezalandırmak
reduce (v): azaltmak recommend (v): tavsiye etmek
rise (v): yükselmek, doğmak (güneş), seem (v): ... gibi görünmek
ayağa kalkmak
spoken (adj): konuşma
use (v): kullanmak
beneficial (adj): yararlı
solar (adj): güneş kaynaklı
no matter (pp): her ...
at all (adv): hiç
for fear of (pp): … korkusuyla
activity (n): aktivite
difference (n): fark, uyuşmazlık
committee (n): komite
doctor (n): doktor
law (n): hukuk, kanun
membership (n): üyelik
family (n): aile
safe (n): kasa
fish (n): balık
thief (n): hırsız
intelligence (n): zekâ, istihbarat
answer (v): cevap vermek
marriage (n): evlilik
break (v): kırmak, bozmak, ara vermek
pocket (n): cep
debate (v): tartışmak
scientist (n): bilim insanı
hesitate (v): tereddüt etmek
watch (n): kol saati, nöbet
lower (v): indirmek
water (n): su
say (v): söylemek
wristwatch (n): kol saati
close (adj): yakın
come (v): gelmek
fatty (adj): yağlı
modern (adj): çağdaş
reversible (adj): tersine çevrilebilir
dangerous (adj): tehlikeli
safe (adj): güvende, güvenli
important (adj): önemli
severe (adj): ciddi, sevimsiz
responsible (adj): sorumlu
next (adv): daha sonra
welcome (adj): hoş karşılanan
still (adv): hâlâ, yine de
wrong (adj): yanlış
access (n): erişim
warmly (adv): samimiyetle
archaeologist (n): arkeolog
future (adj, n): gelecek
assistance (n): yardım
promotion (n): promosyon, terfi, teşvik
call (n): arama, talep, kısa ziyaret, sesleniş
choice (n): seçim prove (v): kanıtlamak, ortaya çıkmak
company (n): şirket, eşlik reflect (v): yansıtmak
disaster (n): felaket score (v): puan kazanmak
education (n): eğitim strike (v): grev yapmak, çarpmak,

effort (n): çaba
eye (n): göz, iğne deliği gelmek
focus (n): odak noktası vary (v): çeşitlilik göstermek
food (n): yiyecek come from (pv): ...dan gelmek
game (n): oyun, av find out (pv): keşfetmek
history (n): tarih, geçmiş revolve around (pv): etrafında dönmek,
...ile ilgili olmak
lecturer (n): öğretim görevlisi
obvious (adj): bariz
lottery (n): piyango, rastlantı
positive (adj): olumlu
medium (n): iletişim aracı, kanal, medyum
(insan) possible (adj): mümkün
millionaire (n): milyoner profound (adj): derin, anlaşılması zor
need (n): ihtiyaç secret (adj): gizli
opinion (n): fikir slimming (adj): zayıflama amacıyla
tüketilen
parent (n): ebeveyn
vital (adj): hayati, enerji dolu
patient (n): hasta
wide (adj): geniş
player (n): oyuncu, sanatçı
recently (adv): son zamanlarda
point (n): nokta, puan, uç
thus (trans): bu yüzden
preference (n): tercih
prize (n): ödül
earthquake (n): deprem
sun (n): güneş
effect (n): etki
threat (n): tehdit
energy (n): enerji
toddler (n): yeni yeni yürüyen çocuk
fact (n): gerçek
tumour (n): tümör
finger (n): parmak (el)
type (n): tür
heart (n): kalp, merkez, cesaret
worker (n): işçi
laboratory (n): laboratuvar
become (v): olmak
lung (n): akciğer
damage (v): hasar vermek
meditation (n): meditasyon
deplete (v): tüketmek
monopoly (n): tekel
disappear (v): ortadan kaybolmak
pill (n): hap
discover (v): keşfetmek
eat (v): yemek
range (n): çeşit, aralık, menzil
establish (v): kurmak, belirlemek
secret (n): sır
service (n): hizmet, çalışma süresi
invite (v): davet etmek, davetiye çıkarmak
year (n): yıl
learn (v): öğrenmek
immobilize (v): hareketsiz hale getirmek
prescribe (v): reçete yazmak aware (adj): farkında
prohibit (v): yasaklamak blind (adj): kör
broken (adj): kırık/bozuk flat (adj): düz, patlak (lastik), mayasız,

sıkıcı, gazı kaçmış
thousands of (q): binlerce
present (adj): şimdiki, mevcut
give rise to (pv): sebep olmak
badly (adv): kötü bir şekilde
take place (pv): meydana gelmek
depending on (phr): ...ya bağlı olarak
affair (n): mesele, ilişki
no longer (adv): artık daha
blood (n): kan, soy
alkaline (adj): bazik
common (adj): yaygın, ortak
glacier (n): buzul
harmful (adj): zararlı
heating (n): ısıtma
illegal (adj): yasa dışı
house (n): ev
regular (adj): düzenli
husband (n): koca
vulnerable (adj): savunmasız
immigration (n): göç
significantly (adv): önemli ölçüde
institution (n): kurum, gelenek
ultimately (adv): sonunda
librarian (n): kütüphaneci
bicycle (n): bisiklet
mercury (n): cıva
blizzard (n): kar fırtınası
pity (n): acıma
scholarship (n): burs, ciddi çalışma
crisis (n): bunalım, kriz
secretary (n): sekreter, bakan
east (adj, n): doğu
stove (n): soba
gene (n): gen
home (n): ev, yurt
trouble (n): sorun
passenger (n): yolcu
form (v): oluşmak, şekil vermek
insulate (v): yalıtmak, tecrit etmek
turn (n): sıra, dönüş
week (n): hafta
window (n): pencere, vitrin, fırsat
turn off (pv): kapatmak (elektrikli aleti),
continue (v): devam etmek sapmak (yol)
forbid (v): yasaklamak warm up (pv): ısınmak (spor için), ısıtmak,
(eğlendirerek) canlandırmak
improve (v): gelişmek
regardless of (pp): …e bakmaksızın
judge (v): yargılamak, hakemlik yapmak
annoyed (adj): sinirli
happy (adj): mutlu
predict (v): tahmin etmek
horrible (adj): berbat
threaten (v): tehdit etmek
individual (adj): bireysel
throw (v): fırlatmak
ongoing (adj): devam eden
acquired (adj): edinilmiş
rough (adj): pürüzlü, yaklaşık, şiddetli, güç
cope with (pv): başa çıkmak
talented (adj): yetenekli
absent (adj): yok, dalgın
unhealthy (adj): sağlıksız weight (n): ağırlık
unknown (adj): bilinmeyen wildlife (n): vahşi yaşam

especially (adv): özellikle because of (pp): ...dan dolayı
immediately (adv): derhal, hemen boom (v): ani ses çıkarmak, artmak
(yakınında)
delay (v): ertelemek, geciktirmek
radically (adv): kökten
depend (v): bağlı olmak
say (excl): diyelim ki
encourage (v): teşvik etmek
amount (n): miktar
face (v): yüzleşmek, ...ya dönük olmak
appointment (n): randevu, atama
boss (n): patron
hide (v): saklamak
compensation (n): tazminat, telafi
compression (n): sıkıştırma
last (v): sürmek, dayanmak
concern (n): endişe, ilgi
like (v): hoşlanmak
notice (v): fark etmek
consumer (n): tüketici
paint (v): boyamak
damage (n): hasar
promise (v): söz vermek, gelecek vaat
decision (n): karar etmek
destination (n): varış yeri rent (v): kiralamak
detail (n): ayrıntı seek (v): aramak, ...yapmaya çalışmak

diamond (n): elmas, eşkenar dörtgen shift (v): değiştirmek
examination (n): inceleme, sınav study (v): çalışmak (ders), incelemek
expert (adj, n): uzman suffer (v): muzdarip olmak

explanation (n): açıklama think (v): düşünmek
explosion (n): patlama, artış understand (v): anlamak
flight (n): uçuş write (v): yazmak

goal (n): hedef, gol stolen (adj): çalınmış
hemisphere (n): yarı küre, beyin yarısı put on (pv): giymek, kilo almak
idea (n): fikir come up with (pv): bulmak (çözüm yolu

vs)
knife (n): bıçak
focus on (pv): odaklanmak
lawyer (n): avukat
chosen (adj): seçilmiş
marketing (n): pazarlama
medicine (n): ilaç, tıp Collocations
observer (n): gözlemci catch fish : balık tutmak
painter (n): ressam win an election : seçimi kazanmak
profit (n): kâr focus attention : dikkatini toplamak
rate (n): oran, ücret differ greatly : büyük ölçüde farklılık

göstermek
reward (n): ödül
living thing : canlı
talent (n): yetenek
cancerous cell : kanserli hücre
waste (n): israf, atık
make money : para kazanmak
remain uncertain : belirsiz kalmak turn light : ışığı açmak
fail to do sth : bir şeyi yapamamak talk loudly : yüksek sesle konuşmak
clean up mess : pisliği temizlemek hear say : denilen şeyi/söz/laf duymak
share feature : özelliği paylaşmak cause problem : sorun yaratmak

spoken language : konuşma dili make a decision : bir karar vermek
get hurt : canı yanmak seek compensation : tazminat istemek
work hard : çok çalışmak cancel appointment : randevuyu iptal

etmek
breast cancer : meme kanseri
alternative medicine : alternatif tıp
direct effect : doğrudan etki
high number : büyük sayı
put on weight : kilo almak
break law : kanunu çiğnemek
delay flight : uçuşu geciktirmek
fatty food : yağlı yiyecek
shift radically : kökten değiştirmek
strong leadership : güçlü / etkin liderlik
natural gas : doğal gaz
successful team : başarılı takım
come up with an explanation : bir
get access : erişim kazanmak açıklama bulmak
severe damage : ciddi hasar natural talent : doğal yetenek
keep an eye on : ...ya göz kulak olmak rough road : arızalı/inişli çıkışlı yol
broken finger : kırık parmak
Prepositions
profound effect : derin/büyük etki
percent of : ...nın yüzdesi
positive effect : olumlu etki
irrelevant to : ...ile alakasız
sell goods : mal satmak
focus on : ...ya odaklanma
sell service : hizmeti satmak
risk for : ... için risk
price may rise : fiyat artabilir
resistance to : …ya karşı direnç
find a job : iş bulmak
good at : ...konusunda iyi
immune system : bağışıklık sistemi
on time : vaktinde
regular intake : düzenli alım
beneficial to : ...ya faydalı
developing world : gelişmekte olan dünya
effect on : …üzerinde etki
responsible for : ...dan sorumlu
last week : geçen hafta
promotion to : ...ye terfi
blood test : kan tahlili
vary depending on : ... bağlı olarak
turn off water : suyu kapatmak/kesmek değişmek
use system : sistemi kullanmak essential for : …için gerekli
offer scholarship : burs teklif etmek right to : ... hakkı
be in the air : çok yakında meydana at the end of sth : bir şeyin sonunda
gelecek olmak
need for : … ihtiyacı
enter country : ülkeye girmek
learn from : …dan öğrenmek
reach temperature : sıcaklığa ulaşmak
thousands of : binlerce ...
finish homework : ödevini bitirmek
monopoly on : ... üzerinde tekel
spend time : zaman harcamak/vakit
geçirmek rise to : ...ya yükselme
a range of : birçok farklı ... waste of : ... kaybı, israfı
on the right of : ...nın sağında focus on : ...ya odaklanmak
compare with : ...ile karşılaştırmak learn about : ...yı öğrenmek

absent from : ...da bulunmama observer of : ...nın gözlemcisi
in trouble : başı belada care for : ...nın bakımını üstlenmek

at times : bazen happy with : …ile mutlu / ...dan memnun
NC Markers > Question Words
WHO
The results of the next race will determine who will be in the finals.
The fishermen were quarrelling about who had caught the biggest fish.
Who has won the elections has not been announced yet.
Notes
WHOM
It does not matter whom you vote for because all politicians are the same.
With whom he shares his home is none of your business.
We must focus our attention on whom the campaign is affecting.
Notes
WHAT
Of course, nobody knows what the outcome of the election will be.
What a graduated student needs most is a good job.
In research, ethics are primarily concerned with what is acceptable and with what is unacceptable.
Notes
WHERE
Each taxpayer has the right to know where his money goes.
The mouth is where digestion begins.
Living things differ greatly in where they live.
Notes
WHEN
The professor wants to know when the project will start.
Nobody knows for certain when the poem was first composed.
When the brain has fully recovered is critical to the long-term health.
Notes
WHY
No one knows yet why a cancerous cell grows and divides endlessly.
Many people wonder why CEOs make so much money, and the answer is not always clear.
The police asked me to explain why I hadn't reported the accident sooner.
Notes
HOW + SVO
I wonder how my cousin put up with his wife for so many years.
How and when the Aztec civilization came to an end remains uncertain.
European scholars fail to explain how slavery can exist in various forms in Europe.
HOW + Adjective/Adverb
A thermometer measures how cold or hot something is.
Your progress in English depends on how hard you work.
It does not matter how slowly you go so long as you do not stop.
Using the Internet to do your banking is very convenient, but I'm not sure how secure it actually is.
Notes
WHICH
There is some debate over which form of vitamin B12 is most effective.
Could you tell me which bus or train goes to the center of the town?
Notes
WHOSE
They don't know whose car they have just stolen.
I don't care whose fault it was, I just want somebody to clean up this mess!
Notes
NC Markers > that
Belirli fiillerden sonra that SVO kullanılabilir. Bu fiillerin listesine "verb + that SVO" bölümünden ulaşabilirsiniz.
Verb + THAT SVO
Linguists have found that sign languages and spoken languages share many features.
In Africa, researchers estimate that more than 70 per cent of people depend on forest resources.
The government has announced that taxes will rise by two percent next year.
Most people believe that obesity cannot be reduced just by reducing calorie intake.
Notes
Bazı sıfatlardan sonra that SVO kullanılabilir. Bu sıfatların listesine "adjective + that SVO" bölümünden
ulaşabilirsiniz.
Adjective + THAT SVO
She was worried that we might get hurt.
Medical researchers are sure that nicotine causes cancer.
I am afraid that your question is irrelevant to the matter that we focus on now.
Notes
Bazı isimlerden sonra that SVO kullanılabilir. Bu sıfatların listesine "noun+ that SVO" bölümünden ulaşabilirsiniz.
Noun + THAT SVO
There is no doubt that you will be successful as long as you keep working hard.
There is evidence that a diet high in broccoli reduces a woman's risk for breast cancer.
Notes
THE FACT THAT
The fact that a healthy man has a higher resistance to disease must never be forgotten.
This country owed most of its prosperity to the fact that it was an island.
She was good at physics despite the fact that she found it boring.
Notes
NC Markers > whether
WHETHER
The students wondered whether the professor would come on time.
Your doctor will ask you whether other people in your family have had cancer.
Whether he comes or not makes no difference at all.
The researcher is trying to determine whether or not eating fish is beneficial to children’s intelligence.
You might consider whether you want a wristwatch or a pocket watch.
Notes
IF
Do you want to know if your marriage will be successful?
Some scientists wonder if solar activity have a direct effect on the earth's water.
Notes
NC Markers > Question Words + -ever
...EVER
Whoever is responsible for the fault will be punished.
You should note whatever seems to be important.
The winner is whichever side has the highest number.
Henry did whatever his supervisor wanted for fear of being fired.
We will give the promotion to whomever you recommend.
Notes
NO MATTER + Noun Clause
No matter how you smoke it, tobacco is dangerous to your health.
Wrong is wrong, no matter who does it or says it.
No matter when you visit us, you’ll be welcomed warmly.
No matter how much wind energy used today, there will still be the same supply in the future.
Notes
NC Markers > NC Reduction
Noun Clause Reduction
He knows how to break the law without being caught.
The thieves were told where to find the safe.
He hesitated before he answered, because he didn't know what to say.
The committee will debate whether to lower the age of club membership to 16.
Notes
NC Markers > Homework
1: Whoever wins the lottery will become a 8: Archaeologists have no history to help them to
millionaire. find out where the first modern men came from.
TR: TR:
2: Tests may be done to find out if the tumours are

cancerous.
TR:
9: The fact that the ozone layer is depleted was

discovered in the mid 1980s.
TR:
3: The government's focus should be on wherever

the threat is.
TR:
10: In 1836 Abraham Lincoln believed that women

should have the right to vote.
TR:
4: Diet type can vary depending on how much fatty
food patients eat.
TR:
11: Whichever player scores the highest number of

points will be the winner at the end of the game.
5: There is no doubt that strong leadership is TR:
essential for a successful team.
TR:
12: Some companies are still debating whether to

6: Whether you will succeed or not depends on your get Internet access.
efforts. TR:
TR:
7: We don't know when the next disaster will strike, 13: How severe the damage is will determine
or when the next call for assistance will come. whether it is reversible.
TR: TR:
14: Today, the government keeps a close eye on 18: Toddlers learn from their parents about what to
businesses to make sure that workers are safe. eat and why to eat it.
TR: TR:
19: Many wonder why Nobel established the Nobel

Prize.
15: The choice of whom to invite reflects their own TR:
opinions and preferences.
TR:
20: Scientists still don't know what caused

dinosaurs to disappear.
TR:
16: Wherever there is a medium for education,

there is a need for lecturers.
TR:
17: The fact that the Earth revolves around the sun
was proven.
TR:
That SVO Lists > verb + that SVO
accept that kabul etmek
acknowledge that kabul etmek
add that ilave etmek
admit that kabul etmek
advise that öğütlemek, tavsiye etmek
allege that iddia etmek
announce that duyurmak
answer that cevaplamak
anticipate that önceden tahmin etmek
appear that … gibi görünmek
appreciate that takdir etmek
argue that iddia etmek
arrange that düzenlemek
assert that iddia etmek
assume that varsaymak
assure sb that güvence vermek
believe that inanmak
bet that bahse girmek
caution that uyarmak
certify that belgelemek
charge that suçlamak
claim that iddia etmek
command that talimat vermek
comment that yorumlamak
complain that şikâyet etmek
conclude that sonlandırmak
confess that itiraf etmek
confirm that onaylamak
consider that düşünmek, sanmak
contend that ileri sürmek
convince sb that ikna etmek
decide that karar vermek
declare that ilan etmek
deduce that çıkarsama yapmak
demand that talep etmek
deny that inkâr etmek
determine that belirlemek
discover that keşfetmek
doubt that şüphelenmek
dream that hayal kurmak
ensure that sağlamak
envisage that öngörmek
establish that belirlemek
estimate that tahmin etmek
expect that ummak
explain that açıklamak
fancy that hayal etmek
fear that korkmak
feel that hissetmek
figure out that anlamak
find out that öğrenmek
forecast that tahmin etmek
foresee that önceden tahmin
forget that unutmak
gather that anlamak
guarantee that garanti etmek
guess that tahmin etmek
it happens to me that bana öyle geliyor ki
hear that duymak
hint that ima etmek
hope that ummak
hypothesize that hipotezde bulunmak
imagine that hayal etmek
demonstrate that göstermek
imply that ima etmek
indicate that göstermek
infer that sonuç çıkarmak
inform sb that bilgilendirmek
insist that ısrar etmek
judge that yargılamak
know that bilmek
learn that öğrenmek
maintain that ileri sürmek
mean that demek istemek
mention that bahsetmek
notice that fark etmek
notify sb that işaret etmek
object that karşı çıkmak
observe that gözlemlemek
it occurs to me that bana öyle geliyor ki
order that emretmek
perceive that algılamak
pledge that söz vermek
point out that işaret etmek
postulate that ileri sürmek
predict that önceden tahmin
prefer that tercih etmek
presume that sanmak
presuppose that sanmak
pretend that rol yapmak
pretend that …mış gibi yapmak
promise that söz vermek
propose that teklif etmek
prove that ortaya çıkmak
rule that hükme varmak
reckon that düşünmek
realise that fark etmek
recall that hatırlamak
recollect that hatırlamak
recommend that tavsiye temek
reflect that yansıtmak
regret that pişman olmak
remark that işaret etmek
remember that hatırlamak
remind sb that hatırlatmak
reply that cevap vermek
report that rapor etmek
request that rica etmek
resolve that karar vermek
reveal that açığa çıkartmak
say that söylemek
see that anlamak
seem that …gibi görünmek
sense that hissetmek
show that göstermek
speculate that spekülasyon
state that ifade etmek
stipulate that ön şart koşmak
stress that vurgulamak
suggest that önermek
suppose that sanmak
surmise that özetlemek
suspect that şüphelenmek
tell sb that söylemek
think that düşünmek
threaten that tehdit etmek
trust that güvenmek
turn out that … olduğu ortaya çıkmak
understand that … olduğunu anlamak
urge that …-da ısrarla istemek
verify that … olduğunu doğrulamak
visualize that görselleştirmek
warn that uyarmak
wish that dilemek, istemek
wow that söz vermek
That SVO Lists > adjective + that SVO
to be absurd that saçma
to be afraid that korkmuş
to be amazed that şaşırmış
to be annoyed that kızgın
to be apparent that belli
to be ashamed that utanmış
to be aware that farkında
to be certain that emin
to be clear that açık
to be confident that emin
to be conscious that farkında
to be convinced that ikna olmuş
to be delighted that memnun
to be disappointed that hayal kırıklığına uğramış
to be evident that belli, açık
to be excited that heyecanlı
to be fortunate that şanslı
to be furious that kızgın
to be glad that memnun
to be happy that mutlu
to be impressed that etkilenmiş
to be incredible that inanılmaz
to be likely that olası
to be natural that doğal
to be obvious that açık
to be odd that tuhaf
to be optimistic that iyimser
to be pleased that memnun
to be positive that olumlu
to be possible that olası
to be proud that gururlu
to be recommendable that tavsiye verilebilir
to be sad that üzgün
to be shocked that şok olmuş
to be sorry that üzgün
to be strange that tuhaf
to be sure that emin
to be surprised that şaşırmış
to be terrified that ürkmüş
to be thrilled that çok korkmuş
to be unaware that farkında olmayan
to be unlikely that olası olmayan
to be upset that morali bozuk
to be worried that üzüntülü
That SVO Lists > noun + that SVO
the allegation that iddia
the argument that iddia
the assumption that varsayım
the belief that inanç
the chance that şans
the claim that iddia
the concern that endişe
the conclusion that sonuç
the doubt that şüphe
the evidence that kanıt
the expectation that beklenti
the explanation that açıklama
the fact that gerçek
the fear that korku
the hope that umut
the idea that fikir
the impression that izlenim
the indication that gösterge
the miracle that mucize
the news that haber
the notion that olgu
the observation that gözlem
the opinion that fikir
the pity that yazık
the possibility that olasılık
the prediction that önceden tahmin
the premise that iddia
the principle that prensip
the probability that olasılık
the proof that kanıt
the reason that neden
the recommendation that öneri
the relief that rahatlama
the rumour that dedikodu
the shame that ayıp, yazık
the stipulation that ön şart koşma
the suggestion that öneri
(a good) thing that iyi bir şey
the view that görüş
the wonder that şaşılacak olay
RC vs NC > Introduction
1. The book that is about Japanese culture is 11. I don't know why she is angry with me.
very interesting.
A) noun clause B) relative clause
12. I'm asking if you all know where my pencil

2. The person to whom you sent the letter has is.
moved to a new address.
A) relative clause B) noun clause
13. People can be so blind that they don't even

3. The film was made in Nigeria, whose wildlife see what is in front of their eyes.
parks are larger than those in Kenya.
14. We spent two days in Berlin, where we took

4. They were having an argument about whose a walking tour of the city.
turn it was to do the cooking.
15. It is not difficult to understand why different

5. Do you know who is the governor of Ohio? people speak different languages.
A) relative clause B) noun clause A) relative clause B) noun clause
6. Most people know that a spider has eight 16. The fact that the world is round is obvious
legs. today.
A) noun clause B) relative clause A) relative clause B) noun clause
7. The television which was bought 20 years 17. Adopting a kitten depends on whether you
ago was stolen. have the ability to care for it.
A) relative clause B) noun clause A) noun clause B) relative clause
8. When he left the office was not recorded. 18. He asked me if I knew her name.
A) relative clause B) noun clause A) noun clause B) relative clause
9. When you choose to start the job will 19. The man whose car was stolen went to the
determine your salary. police station.
A) noun clause B) relative clause A) relative clause B) noun clause
10. I asked him about what had happened. 20. How he can go on interrupting really annoys
me.
RC vs NC > Homework
1. It is important that everyone be told the 12. Which way to turn is a bit confusing.
truth.
13. Can you show me which apps are best for

2. She has three brothers, two of whom are in my phone?
the army.
14. They live in a city that is in the north of

3. Arguing which colour is the most beautiful is England.
not going to help anyone.
15. A person who wins the lottery every year is

4. Do you know anyone who wants to buy a lucky.
motorbike?
16. I talked to my manager last Monday, when

5. The Earth is where we all live and it is the she got back from her business trip.
third planet from the Sun.
17. The child who we see often is playing in the

6. The belief that the soul is immortal is almost garden.
universal.
18. The illness from which he is suffering is very

7. The mountain which we climbed yesterday serious.
was the highest mountain in Britain.
19. Do you know how old the earth is?

8. I am wondering why the sky is blue.
20. How the prisoner escaped is a complete

9. The old man knew where the treasure was mystery.
kept.
21. The police were investigating who the serial

10. There are times when I feel so lonely. killer was.
A) noun clause B) relative clause A) noun clause B) relative clause
11. I will never forget the day when I met my 22. I don't know which book he has bought.
wife.
23. They haven’t announced who has won the 27. Who wins the tournament remains unknown.
elections.
28. He didn't wait at the traffic lights which were

24. The girls in my class are always gossiping red.
about who is going out with whom.
29. The lady whom you see over there is a

25. A detective is someone who discovers the famous violinist.
truth about crimes.
30. Fred dreamed that he was travelling to the

26. Metabolism refers to the processes by which moon.
a substance is handled in the body.
Dummy it > Introduction
1: It is important to keep a broken finger as 7: It is important to note that results may vary
immobilized as possible. depending on the laboratory used.
TR: TR:
2: It has been known for thousands of years that

meditation has profound positive effects. 8: It's no secret that the price of energy has been
TR: rising recently.
TR:
9: It is believed that slimming pills do not work and

3: It is vital that these facts should be kept secret. thus they are no longer prescribed.
TR: TR:
4: It is estimated that as many as one million

earthquake take place every year.
TR:
10: He doesn't speak English, and thus it has been
very hard for him to find a job.
TR:
5: In monopoly, it is prohibited to sell the goods and

services on which one company has monopoly.
TR:
6: It is obvious that air pollution gives rise to a wide

range of heart and lung diseases.
TR:
Dummy it > Homework
1: It is forbidden to throw things out of the window. 7: It is certain that the poorest and most vulnerable
TR: societies in the developing world will be the least
able to cope with global warming.
TR:
2: It is important for passengers to know where to

go in a crisis.
TR:
3: It is illegal for bicycles to pass on the right of

cars. 8: It is common to judge individuals by comparing
TR: their work to work done by others.
TR:
4: It is proven that regular intake of alkaline water

will significantly help improve a person's immune
system.
TR: 9: It is not yet clear whether the acquired genes
were ultimately beneficial or harmful.
TR:
5: It is believed that Halloween has been around for 10: It has been predicted that the severe blizzard
6000 years. that has been threatening the east of the country for
TR: three days will continue throughout next week.
TR:
6: It is not hard to say that people will be working

from home by the turn of the next century.
TR:
NC Questions > Introduction
1. The main question on the exam asked us to 7. If a house is badly insulated, it won't warm
explain ---- glaciers were formed. up regardless of ---- much heating you use.
A) whose B) by which A) how B) so
C) what D) how C) which D) whether
2. He didn't know ---- the stove wasn't working.

8. ---- the institution will offer the scholarship
A) why B) whichever to him or not is still in the air.
C) for which D) how A) Whether B) Whom
Translation: C) Which D) What
Translation:
3. The teacher asked ---- was absent from

school last week.
A) who B) whom
9. The immigration officer wants to know ----
C) which D) where
you entered the country.
Translation:
A) what B) whom
C) when D) whether
Translation:
4. Routine blood tests can show ---- your blood
cholesterol levels are healthy.
A) whereby B) whether
C) of which D) whose 10. In thermometers, ---- degree the mercury
reaches establishes the temperature.
Translation:
A) whenever B) however
C) wherever D) whatever
Translation:
5. ---- turned off the water is going to be in
trouble.
A) Whoever B) When
C) Whom D) Whether 11. They aren't sure ---- they will finish their
homework.
Translation:
A) when B) where
C) which D) whatever
6. The librarian will explain ---- to use the Translation:

catalogue system.
A) how B) what
C) which D) whom
Translation:
12. School is ---- today's children spend most of 17. Were you aware ---- your husband was
their time every day. having an affair with his secretary?
A) that B) where A) who B) what
C) which D) if C) that D) how
13. Sarah asked me ---- she could turn on the 18. I don’t know ---- problem she can cause in
light. this project.
A) when B) what A) whereby B) that
C) if D) why C) whose D) whatever
14. ---- Sarah has no friends is a pity.

19. People used to believe ---- the world was flat.
A) Where B) That
C) In which D) What A) why B) that
C) how D) whether
Translation:
Translation:
15. ---- the Olympics Games take place, Greece

is always present. 20. People, at times, can be so blind that they
A) Wherever B) Whoever don't even see ---- is in front of their eyes.
C) Whatever D) However A) what B) where
Translation: C) that D) whenever
Translation:
16. I am sorry I can't hear ---- you are saying

because everyone is talking so loudly.
A) whether B) what
C) who D) that
Translation:
NC Questions > Homework
1. It is vital ---- she make a decision 7. I don’t know ---- can cause such a horrible
immediately. damage.
A) whenever B) which A) what B) how
C) that D) whom C) when D) whichever
2. I know more than anybody ---- she suffered 8. There is concern ---- too much focus on
in Iraq. individual foods may encourage unhealthy
eating.
A) whereby B) how much
C) which D) who A) that B) whom
C) who D) by which
Translation:
Translation:
3. The lawyers have not said ---- compensation

they are seeking.
A) how much B) how long 9. How did you learn about ---- happened here
C) how many D) how far yesterday afternoon?
Translation: A) what B) that
C) why D) which
Translation:
4. I was a little annoyed, but they explained ----
they had had to cancel the appointment.
A) whom B) what 10. I'm sure I'm not the first to notice ---- your
C) why D) whether daughter is a very talented artist, especially
for her age.
Translation:
A) that B) whose
C) if D) how
Translation:
5. Some wondered ---- the boom in rates would

last.
A) how often B) how many

C) how long D) how far
11. ---- won the election is still unknown.
Translation:
A) How B) Whether
C) Who D) Whichever
6. It's very much of the opinion ---- alternative Translation:
medicine is a waste of time.
A) how B) whose
C) that D) why 12. Why don't you tell me ---- you think it
happened?
Translation:
A) which B) how
C) what D) that
Translation:
13. I eat ---- I want and I still don't seem to put on 19. I have no idea ---- hard they study for the
weight. examination.
A) which B) whatever A) why B) whether

C) whether D) that C) how D) that
14. A scientific observer of wildlife must note 20. Your doctor will tell you ---- you need
every detail of ---- animals live in their ongoing care for your condition.
environment.
A) which B) whether
A) whose B) what C) what D) whose
C) whichever D) how
Translation:
Translation:
21. ---- we rent this shop again next year

depends on the amount of profit we make.
15. Passengers were told ---- their flight was A) If B) Whichever
delayed.
C) Whether D) How
A) what B) why
Translation:
C) which D) who
Translation:
22. Many consumers are aware ---- the ethics of

16. Uranus's seasons are determined by ---- marketing have shifted radically.
hemisphere is facing the sun.
A) which B) that
A) whose B) which C) what D) where
C) whether D) when
Translation:
Translation:
23. Experts have failed to come up with an

17. Good Luck. I hope you like Canada. Promise explanation of ---- the explosion happened. It
me that you'll write to me ---- happens. might be because of natural gas
A) when B) why compression.
C) whatever D) that A) however B) when
Translation: C) where D) why
Translation:
18. I don't know ---- the museum is near here.
A) where B) if
C) whom D) on which
Translation:
24. All men have some natural talent, but the 28. The goal of our company is ---- is explained
question is ---- they can use it or not. in the profile.
A) that B) who A) whom B) where
C) whether D) which C) what D) whoever
29. My boss isn't happy with ---- the painters

25. ---- we chose not to include you is none of have painted his office.
your business.
A) where B) how
A) Whether B) Why C) what D) when
C) Whoever D) When
Translation:
Translation:
30. We didn’t understand ---- you had chosen

26. The police have offered ---- finds the stolen such a rough road to get to our destination.
diamonds a reward.
A) whether B) why
A) whoever B) when
C) where D) after
C) whose D) that
Translation:
Translation:
27. They never found out ---- he had hidden the

knife.
A) in which B) where
C) whereby D) who
Translation:
1 savunmasız cope with quarrel medium vulnerable
2 öğretim görevlisi significantly lecturer notice put up with

3 tahmin etmek critical digestion pill estimate
4 özellik prescribe debate passenger feature
5 hoş karşılanan improve welcome strike passenger
6 iyileşmek rough difference matter recover
7 gizli lottery determine evidence secret
8 bestelemek, oluşturmak compose immobilize encourage unhealthy
9 tartışmak severe debate radically progress
10 kar fırtınası researcher blizzard profit compensation
11 esas olarak boom primarily insulate recommend
12 avukat scholarship lawyer medium horrible
13 artık daha compensation pity forbid no longer
14 hiç give rise to judge at all come to an end
15 alım intake improve slavery toddler
16 tersine çevrilebilir primarily various regular reversible
17 mesele, ilişki supply announce hesitate affair
18 sorumlu explosion rough vote responsible
19 tereddüt etmek hesitate come up with ongoing waste
20 alim scholar toddler come to an end prescribe
21 yarı küre, beyin yarısı hemisphere secret aware estimate
22 randevu, atama feature prosperity appointment glacier
23 kırık/bozuk acceptable reward broken slavery
24 farkında access medicine aware deplete
25 başa çıkmak cope with significantly concern unacceptable
26 kaynak resource face waste notice
27 teklif etmek, sunmak ultimately illegal immigration offer
28 sır punish face glacier secret
29 yeni yeni yürüyen çocuk toddler resistance mercury radically
30 uygarlık marriage preference vary civilization

31 önemli ölçüde matter critical significantly lower
32 yalıtmak, tecrit etmek secret insulate doubt fault
33 gözlemci punish observer convenient harmful
34 yasaklamak resource endlessly ultimately forbid
35 teşvik etmek encourage revolve around obvious secret
36 vahşi yaşam shift slavery preference wildlife
37 ilerleme uncertain progress process vulnerable
38 sağlıksız unhealthy prosperity research recommend
39 felaket disaster expert wildlife responsible

40 kabul edilemez profit unacceptable stove long-term
41 tazminat, telafi compensation pity prescribe damage
42 berbat significantly no longer horrible membership
43 hap outcome strike beneficial pill
44 sindirim affair digestion welcome scholar
45 hata, fay expert lawyer fault debate
46 çeşitli difference promotion horrible various
pürüzlü, yaklaşık,
47 prove aware rough mercury
şiddetli, güç
48 değiştirmek shift dangerous hemisphere civilization
49 uzman marriage destination expert threaten
50 yolcu resistance expert passenger harmful
51 kölelik pity slavery beneficial lecturer
52 muzdarip olmak offer announce suffer compose
53 tavsiye etmek recommend destination pollution intelligence
54 kurum, gelenek give rise to estimate resistance institution
55 cezalandırmak institution differ difference punish
56 tartışmak various judge resource quarrel
57 kaynak immobilize irrelevant supply consider
58 erişim access endlessly lower face
59 fark, uyuşmazlık responsible at all difference researcher
60 sonunda ultimately affair vital prove
kanıtlamak, ortaya be concerned
61 wildlife prove profit
çıkmak with
62 ciddi, sevimsiz beneficial succeed severe linguist
63 reçete yazmak prescribe regular secret establish
be concerned
64 ... ile ilgili olmak secret regular scholar
with
65 yasa dışı unknown illegal matter explosion
66 sona ermek at all absent come to an end promotion
67 ağırlık weight vote no longer explanation
68 ödül reward hesitate glacier debate
69 acıma pity delay recover lecturer
70 düzenli uncertain delay regular recommend
71 ertelemek, geciktirmek delay evidence insulate supply
72 endişe, ilgi research concern reversible cope with
73 gelişmek improve lecturer radically various
belirlemek, karar be concerned
74 membership determine long-term
vermek with
75 evlilik revolve around access marriage severe
76 cıva convenient mercury absent punish
77 sebep olmak strike give rise to unknown linguist
78 hasar debate quarrel damage unacceptable
79 düşünmek intelligence disaster lottery consider
80 kirlilik ultimately compensation pollution irrelevant
81 hayati, enerji dolu appointment vital broken vary
82 israf, atık waste reward profound digestion
83 üyelik membership vary unhealthy fault
84 kanıt convenient disaster evidence appointment
85 tüketmek deplete damage evidence quarrel
86 kurmak, belirlemek immigration lottery acceptable establish
87 önemi olmak damage long-term matter passenger
88 bulmak (çözüm yolu vs) damage secret slavery come up with
89 tehlikeli dangerous aware threaten illegal
iletişim aracı, kanal,
90 medium supervisor flat pollution
medyum (insan)
91 yarış, ırk suffer lawyer blizzard race
92 eleştirel, çok önemli ongoing critical responsible observer
93 şüphe profound toddler consider doubt
94 promosyon, terfi, teşvik medicine linguist promotion scholarship
95 araştırmacı digestion progress researcher feature
96 göç race doubt immigration succeed
97 devam eden revolve around ongoing pollution weight
98 sonsuz bir şekilde endlessly encourage attention threaten
99 derin, anlaşılması zor recover prosperity archaeologist profound
100 uygun, yakın broken intake convenient lawyer
catch come up with radically loudly get
severe temperature cancel offer put on
break strong keep find regular
focus greatly remain share breast
1 ---- attention dikkatini toplamak
2 differ ---- büyük ölçüde farklılık göstermek
3 ---- uncertain belirsiz kalmak
4 ---- feature özelliği paylaşmak
5 ---- cancer meme kanseri
6 ---- law kanunu çiğnemek
7 ---- leadership güçlü / etkin liderlik
8 ---- damage ciddi hasar
9 ---- an eye on ...ya göz kulak olmak
10 ---- a job iş bulmak
11 ---- intake düzenli alım
12 ---- scholarship burs teklif etmek
13 reach ---- sıcaklığa ulaşmak
14 ---- appointment randevuyu iptal etmek
15 ---- weight kilo almak
16 shift ---- kökten değiştirmek
17 ---- an explanation bir açıklama bulmak
18 talk ---- yüksek sesle konuşmak
19 ---- hurt canı yanmak
20 ---- fish balık tutmak
1 irrelevant ---- ...ile alakasız

2 resistance to …ya karşı direnç
3 good ---- ...konusunda iyi
4 ---- time vaktinde
5 beneficial ---- ...ya faydalı
6 promotion ---- ...ye terfi
7 essential ---- …için gerekli
8 right ---- ... hakkı
9 need ---- … ihtiyacı
10 learn ---- …dan öğrenmek
11 monopoly ---- ... üzerinde tekel
12 compare ---- ...ile karşılaştırmak
13 absent ---- ...da bulunmama
14 ---- trouble başı belada
15 ---- times bazen
16 waste ---- ... kaybı, israfı
17 focus ---- ...ya odaklanmak
18 observer of ...nın gözlemcisi
19 care ---- ...nın bakımını üstlenmek
20 happy ---- …ile mutlu / ...dan memnun
21 convenient ---- ... için uygun
22 debate ---- … konusunda tartışma
23 divide ---- …ya bölmek
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Noun Clause ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.
Clauses Revision
• Unit Words
• RC vs NC Sentences
• RC vs NC Questions
mammal (n): memeli

Vocabulary
alone (adj, adv): yalnız manager (n): yönetici
angry (adj): kızgın people (n): insanlar, halk
healthy (adj): sağlıklı period (n): dönem, âdet dönemi
indifferent (adj): umursamaz, vasat photosynthesis (n): fotosentez
international (adj): uluslararası pollination (n): tozlaşma
obese (adj): obez population (n): nüfus
old (adj): yaşlı, eski productivity (n): verim
overweight (adj): aşırı kilolu representation (n): temsil, tasvir
stressful (adj): stresli ritual (n): âdet
vibrant (adj): (renk) canlı scientist (n): bilim insanı
visual (adj): görsel society (n): toplum, dernek
widespread (adj): yaygın soil (n): toprak, ülke
wrong (adj): yanlış student (n): öğrenci
actually (adv): aslında study (n): araştırma, çalışma
percent (adj, adv): yüzde supply (n): kaynak
recently (adv): son zamanlarda temperature (n): sıcaklık
that (marker): Relative Clause Marker, term (n): dönem, terim, şart
Noun Clause Marker unity (n): birlik
applicant (n): başvuran value (n): değer
award (n): ödül visitor (n): ziyaretçi
bee (n): arı water (n): su
belief (n): inanç word (n): kelime
camel (n): deve worker (n): işçi
children (n): çocuklar year (n): yıl
circumstance (n): durum accomplish (v): başarmak
coral (n): mercan communicate (v): iletişim kurmak,
cut (n): kesik, kesinti (hastalık) bulaştırmak
disease (n): hastalık convert (v): dönüştürmek
erosion (n): erozyon determine (v): belirlemek, karar vermek
exhibition (n): sergi discover (v): keşfetmek
form (n): form, biçim elect (v): seçmek (oylamayla)
globalization (n): küreselleşme give (v): vermek
goal (n): hedef, gol grow (v): büyümek
impression (n): izlenim, iz, taklit happen (v): meydana gelmek
insect (n): böcek heal (v): iyileştirmek
key (n): anahtar, tuş kill (v): öldürmek
language (n): dil know (v): bilmek
meet (v): buluşmak, tanışmak, gidermek immediately (adv): derhal, hemen
(yakınında)
nowadays (adv): bugünlerde
relax (v): rahatlamak
simply (adv): yalnızca, tek kelimeyle,
serve (v): hizmet etmek, görev yapmak, işe basitçe
yaramak
truly (adv): gerçekten, içtenlikle
share (v): paylaşmak, bölüşmek
usually (adv): genellikle
show (v): göstermek
advertising (n): reklamcılık
assumption (n): varsayım
tell (v): söylemek
challenge (n): zorluk, meydan okuma
chance (n): şans, olasılık, risk
community (n): topluluk
win (v): kazanmak
consumption (n): tüketim
word (v): sözcüklerle ifade etmek
council (n): konsey
spoken (adj): konuşma
crop (n): ekin
no doubt (phr): şüphesiz
death (n): ölüm
development (n): gelişme, geliştirme
depend on (pv): bağlı olmak, güvenmek
document (n): belge
drought (n): kuraklık
afraid (adj): korkmuş
effect (n): etki
aware (adj): farkında
folic acid (n): folik asit
civilized (adj): uygar, kibar, rahat (yer,
mekan) gluten (n): glüten
global (adj): küresel government (n): hükûmet

great (adj): büyük, mükemmel gut (n): bağırsak, cesaret
immune (adj): bağışık, dokunulmaz health (n): sağlık
infectious (adj): bulaşıcı house (n): ev

intolerant (adj): hoşgörüsüz human (n): insan
likely (adj): olası immunization (n): bağışıklık kazandırma
long-lasting (adj): uzun ömürlü impact (n): etki, darbe

major (adj): büyük/önemli individual (n): birey
necessary (adj): gerekli injection (n): iğne

resistant (adj): dirençli interest (n): ilgi, çıkar, faiz
responsible (adj): sorumlu knowledge (n): bilgi
safe (adj): güvende, güvenli lake (n): göl
severe (adj): ciddi, sevimsiz matter (n): konu, madde

significant (adj): önemli measurement (n): ölçüm
useful (adj): kullanışlı member (n): üye
almost (adv): neredeyse mind (n): zihin

exclusively (adv): yalnızca money (n): para
murder (n): cinayet lack (v): eksik olmak
museum (n): müze last (v): sürmek, dayanmak

nutritionist (n): beslenme uzmanı live (v): yaşamak
parent (n): ebeveyn look (v): bakmak, görünmek
performance (n): performans, gösteri monitor (v): gözlemlemek

philosophy (n): felsefe occur (v): meydana gelmek
place (n): yer pollute (v): kirletmek
press (n): basın prioritize (v): öncelik vermek
pressure (n): baskı, basınç report (v): bildirmek, şikayet etmek

process (n): süreç, işlem reprimand (v): azarlamak
side effect (n): yan etki restrict (v): sınırlamak
smoking (n): sigara içme ruin (v): mahvetmek

struggle (n): mücadele see (v): görmek, anlamak, ziyaret etmek
success (n): başarı sell (v): satmak

summer (n): yaz mevsimi teach (v): öğretmek
symptom (n): belirti think (v): düşünmek
theatre (n): tiyatro treat (v): davranmak, tedavi etmek,

ısmarlamak
threat (n): tehdit
warm (v): ısınmak
violence (n): şiddet
rarely (adv): nadiren
war (n): savaş
week (n): hafta
take shape (phr): şekillenmek
zinc (n): çinko
be credited with (pv): ...ya sahip olduğuna
agree (v): aynı fikirde olmak inanılmak
annoy (v): sinirlendirmek at least (adv): en azından
associate (v): ilişkilendirmek go on (pv): devam etmek
begin (v): başlamak account for (pv): oluşturmak, açıklamasını
yapmak
build (v): inşa etmek
rely on (pv): bel bağlamak, güvenmek
challenge (v): meydan okumak, karşı
çıkmak except (prep): ... hariç
conquer (v): fethetmek, üstesinden gelmek wellbeing (n): refah
control (v): kontrol etmek capable (adj): yetenekli
decide (v): karar vermek certain (adj): kesin, belirli
destroy (v): yok etmek disadvantaged (adj): dezavantajlı
dispute (v): karşı çıkmak plentiful (adj): bol
focus (v): odaklanmak scientific (adj): bilimsel
help (v): yardım etmek shy (adj): utangaç
identify (v): tespit etmek tiny (adj): küçücük
include (v): içermek part-time (adj, adv): yarı zamanlı
abnormally (adv): anormal derecede when it comes to (pp): ... söz konusu
olduğunda
doubly (adv): iki bakımdan
common (adj): yaygın, ortak
cotton (n): pamuk
corporate (adj): ortaklığa ilişkin, ortak
earnings (n): kazanç
curious (adj): meraklı, tuhaf
food (n): yiyecek
designated (adj): belirlenmiş
freeway (n): çevre yolu
fashionable (adj): modaya uygun
grade (n): not (sınav), seviye
medicinal (adj): tıbbi
gratitude (n): şükran
trained (adj): eğitimli
insurance (n): sigorta
effectively (adv): etkili bir şekilde
majority (n): çoğunluk
fairly (adv): oldukça, adil şekilde
profit (n): kâr
hardly (adv): neredeyse hiç
road (n): yol
typically (adv): tipik olarak
season (n): mevsim
area (n): bölge, yüz ölçümü
strike (n): grev, çarpma, saldırı
balance (n): denge, bakiye, terazi
thread (n): iplik, bağlantı, diş (vida)
behaviour (n): davranış
union (n): birlik, sendika
brickwork (n): tuğlacılık
celebrity (n): ünlü
calculate (v): hesaplamak
clot (n): pıhtı, avanak
describe (v): tasvir etmek
clue (n): ipucu
differ (v): farklı olmak
damage (n): hasar
equal (v): eşit olmak
demand (n): talep
fall (v): düşmek, azalmak
earthquake (n): deprem
fish (v): balık tutmak
expert (adj, n): uzman
facility (n): tesis, beceri
owe (v): borçlu olmak
gin (n): cin (içki), çırçır makinesi
perform (v): uygulamak, gösteri yapmak
itinerary (n): güzergâh
regard (v): ...olarak görmek, dikkatlice
bakmak kind (n): tür
remain (v): kalmak ladder (n): merdiven
resign (v): istifa etmek neighbour (n): komşu

shout (v): bağırmak officer (n): yetkili, subay
smile (v): gülümsemek park (n): park

mating (n): çiftleşme pigeon (n): güvercin
early (adv): erken promise (n): söz, umut verici şey
basic (adj): temel protester (n): protestocu

take notice (v): farkına varmak recycling (n): geri dönüşüm
in terms of (pp): … açısından slave (n): köle

take place (pv): meydana gelmek surgery (n): ameliyat, muayenehane
treatment (n): tedavi, muamele heal cut : kesiği iyileştirmek
wealth (n): zenginlik give form : form vermek

betray (v): aldatmak, ihanet etmek food supply : gıda arzı/kaynağı
carry (v): taşımak martial art : dövüş sanatı
climb (v): tırmanmak, artmak long period of time : uzun zaman
complete (v): tamamlamak take seat : oturmak

decline (v): azalmak, reddetmek, widespread belief : yaygın inanç
gerilemek
build museum : müze inşa etmek
develop (v): gelişmek, ortaya çıkmak
disagree (v): aynı fikirde olmamak
civilized society : medeni toplum
distribute (v): dağıtmak
trusted adviser : güvenilir danışman
guard (v): nöbet tutmak, gözetim altında
tutmak heart disease : kalp hastalığı
hunt (v): avlamak, aramak big threat : büyük tehdit
idolize (v): tapmak give injection : iğne yapmak
increase (v): artmak take chance : şansını denemek
introduce (v): tanıştırmak, ortaya koymak make measurement : ölçüm yapmak
invite (v): davet etmek, davetiye çıkarmak young people : gençler / genç insanlar
measure (v): ölçmek watch television : televizyon izlemek
need (v): ihtiyaç duymak great interest : büyük ilgi
patrol (v): devriye gezmek recommended level : tavsiye edilen

seviye
process (v): işleme koymak, işlemek
main reason : temel sebep
protect (v): korumak
alternative energy : alternatif enerji
respond (v): cevap/karşılık vermek
infectious disease : bulaşıcı hastalık
climate change : iklim değişikliği
stay (v): kalmak
part-time worker : yarı zamanlı işçi
trust (v): güvenmek
study hard : çok (ders) çalışmak
worry (v): endişelenmek
scientific study : bilimsel çalışma
cost (v): mâl olmak
physical activity : fiziksel/ bedensel
put on (pv): giymek, kilo almak aktivite
come back (pv): geri dönmek, tekrar moda rainy season : yağmurlu mevsim
olmak
go fishing : balığa çıkmak
find out (pv): keşfetmek
hunt for clue : ipucu aramak
Collocations difficult question : zor soru
soil erosion : toprak kayması ask question : soru sormak
reduce productivity : üretkenliği azaltmak develop system : sistem geliştirmek
take risk : risk almak communicate effectively : etkili bir şekilde
share value : değer paylaşmak iletişim kurmak
share belief : inancı/görüşü paylaşmak medicinal treatment : ilaç tedavisi
share goal : hedefi/amacı paylaşmak complete building : binayı tamamlamak
corporate ladder : kariyer basamakları associate with : ... ile ilişkilendirmek
climb the corporate ladder : yüksek success in : ...da başarı
mevkilere gelmek
interest in : …ya ilgi
find a job : iş bulmak
at a ... level : ... bir seviyede
healthy habit : sağlıklı alışkanlık
useful for : ...için faydalı/yararlı
put on weight : kilo almak
resistant to : ...ya karşı dirençli
good friend : iyi arkadaş
shout at : ...ya bağırmak
high school : lise
at the beginning of : …nın başlangıcında
designated area : belirlenmiş alan
come with : ...ile gelmek
break a promise : bir sözü tutmamak
small for : ...için küçük
passive smoking : pasif içici(lik)
owe sth to sb : bir şeyi birine borçlu olmak
health effect : sağlık etkisi
hunt for : …yı arama
hundreds of : yüzlerce ...
Prepositions demand for : …için talep
convert from : …dan dönüştürmek use for : ... için kullanmak
convert to : …ya dönüştürmek respond to : …ya cevap, tepki vermek
indifferent to : …ya karşı umursamaz famous for : …ile ünlü
in the universe : evrende speak to : ... ile konuşmak
effect on : …üzerinde etki key to : …nın anahtarı
responsible for : ...dan sorumlu stay with : birlikte kalmak
polluted with : ... ile kirletilmiş material for : ...için malzeme/materyal
on television : televizyonda disagree on : …konusunda anlaşmamak
threat to : …ya tehdit worry about : ...hakkında endişelenmek
on the Internet : internette to be caused by : ...dan kaynaklanmak
RC vs NC Sentences > Introduction
1: By 2035, there will be more than 150 million 6: Whoever is elected will serve a four-year term.
people in China who are more than 65 years old. Whomever you elect will serve a four-year term.
TR: TR:
2: Studies have shown that about 30% of all 7: Scientists have discovered how the body uses
children in America are either overweight or obese. electricity to heal cuts.
TR: TR:
8: Plants grow as a result of photosynthesis - the

mechanism whereby they convert carbon dioxide
3: Soil erosion is now widespread in Africa, which from the atmosphere into food.
has led to reduced productivity. TR:
TR:
4: The workers in Columbia were in no doubt that

they were taking a big risk.
TR:
9: The angry applicants wanted to know why they
had been given the wrong forms.
TR:
5: Globalization is a unity of world culture where

people are able to share their beliefs, rituals,
values, and goals.
TR:
10: When people meet, first impressions determine
more than 90 percent of whatever happens next.
TR:
11: I don’t understand how one can be indifferent to 16: Written language is a visual representation of
the problems of the society in which he lives. the spoken words that we use to communicate.
TR: TR:
17: Coral populations were healthy and vibrant until

12: The manager showed the secretary what to do the 1980s, when they were killed by disease and
with the keys. high sea temperatures.
TR: TR:
13: 33% of the human food supply depends on

insect pollination, most of which is accomplished by
bees.
TR:
18: The student of martial arts understands how to

relax during stressful circumstances.
TR:
14: The scientists want to know whether we are

alone in the Universe.
TR:
19: Camels are mammals which can go for long

periods of time without water.
TR:
15: Steve McCurry, many of whose photographs

have won international awards, recently had an
exhibition in Istanbul.
TR:
20: Generally, visitors should not take a seat until
they have been told where to sit.
TR:
RC vs NC Sentences > Homework
1: War is any struggle in which two large groups try 7: Depending on how long the smoking has been
to destroy or conquer each other. going on, these symptoms can last for several
TR: weeks.
TR:
2: There is a widespread belief that coffee can have

good effects on our health.
TR: 8: Each year, diarrheal diseases account for the
death of over two million people, most of whom are
children under the age of five.
TR:
3: No side effects have been reported except by

those who are gluten-intolerant.
TR:
9: Many individuals are under the assumption that

people are exclusively responsible for global
4: We were not told why our house had been sold warming.
immediately. TR:
TR:
5: The Nazis are responsible for at least 12 million

murders, half of which were Jewish.
TR:
10: Mesopotamia is credited with being the first
place where civilized societies truly began to take
shape.
TR:
6: The members of the town council disputed for

hours about whether to build a new museum.
TR:
11: Parents are afraid that their children's minds will 17: Money often determines where we live and with
be polluted with the violence that they see on whom we associate.
television. TR:
TR:
18: Antibiotics, which are necessary for treating

bacterial diseases, also kill the good bacteria in the
gut.
TR:
12: There was a time when philosophy included

almost every kind of knowledge.
TR:
19: People should be taught how to identify the right

13: The brain helps to control the eye to help it pressure of an injection and where to give it.
focus and to control where you are looking. TR:
TR:
20: The severe drought that occurred last summer

14: Many communities lack trusted advisers on ruined the crop.
whom they can rely. TR:
TR:
21: Success in business is simply a matter of

15: Most people are aware that heart disease is a knowing when to take your chance.
bigger threat to their health. TR:
TR:
22: Scientists rarely monitor lake temperatures in

16: Most governments cannot decide if they should winter, when ice makes measurements more
restrict the press on the Internet. challenging.
TR: TR:
23: l think what annoyed him so much was the fact 28: Archivists are usually responsible for finding
that he was reprimanded for something he hadn't and determining which documents are useful for the
done. future.
TR: TR:
24: A theatre is a place where people go and see all

29: Immunization is the process whereby a person
kinds of performances.
is made immune or resistant to an infectious
TR:
disease.
TR:
25: Young people don't watch TV nowadays, which

has led to a greater interest in internet advertising.
TR:
30: Climate change is a major global challenge that

will have significant and long-lasting impacts on
human well-being and development.
TR:
26: Most nutritionists agree that consumption of

zinc and folic acid at recommended levels will likely
be safe.
TR:
27: The main reason why the alternative energy is

needed to be prioritised is global warming.
TR:
RC vs NC Questions > Introduction
1. Americans may regard shy people as less 7. An EEG and an EMG differ in terms of where
capable than those ---- are not shy. and ---- they are performed.
A) whose B) which A) as which B) what
C) whom D) who C) by whom D) those
2. Part-time workers, the majority of ---- are 8. My student, ---- grades have fallen recently,
women, are doubly disadvantaged when it needs to study harder.
comes to insurance.
A) which B) that
A) that B) whom C) who D) whose
C) whose D) themselves Translation:
Translation:
9. At the conference, professor will describe

the basic process ---- cotton thread is made.
3. The unions have not said ---- the strike will A) why B) which
last. C) whose D) by which
A) how often B) how long Translation:

C) how many D) how much
Translation:
10. It remains to be seen ---- or not going to

4. The boy ---- Angela had shouted at smiled. America to study is good for me.
A) whose B) whom A) that B) either

C) whenever D) which C) if D) whether
5. No matter ---- often you write to her, she will

not take notice of you.
11. I don’t know the reason ---- he left early.
A) when B) how
A) when B) where
C) which D) whatever
C) why D) which
Translation:
Translation:
12. Exercise physiology is the scientific study of

6. There are roads and freeways ---- you go in ---- physical activity affects the body.
America.
A) where B) how
A) how B) which
C) which D) whose
C) wherever D) whenever
Translation:
Translation:
13. There are certain conditions ---- the teeth can 17. Earnings and profit differ in terms of ---- they
become abnormally yellow. are calculated.
A) whose B) where A) whether B) how
C) when D) whereby C) which D) whom
18. The person to ---- Candice owes the greatest

14. Mating season of coati takes place at the
gratitude is her mother.
beginning of the rainy season, ---- food is
plentiful. A) whose B) whom
A) when B) that C) that D) who
C) at which D) where Translation:
Translation:
19. The reason why he should resign his job is --

-- he is not equal to it.
15. ---- wants to go fishing should come with us. A) if B) for

C) that D) which
A) Whether B) Whom
C) Where D) Whoever Translation:
Translation:
20. My father asked me ---- had visited him the

16. We used a microscope to see tiny objects ----
day before.
are too small for the naked eye.
A) where B) who
A) how B) whose
C) why D) whether
C) that D) what
Translation:
Translation:
RC vs NC Questions > Homework
1. Archaeologists are those ---- hunt for clues 6. We should develop a system ---- workers can
about the lifestyles of ancient peoples. communicate more effectively.
A) what B) when A) whether B) whom
C) where D) who C) on which D) whereby
7. Surgery is typically used for large clots or

2. The questions ---- the teacher asked were those ---- do not respond well to medicinal
difficult. treatments.
A) which B) whose A) when B) which
C) when D) of which C) whichever D) whom
3. There were hundreds of protesters, none of -

--- were women.
A) whom B) who 8. She's curious to find out ---- sent the flowers.
C) that D) which
A) whom B) who
Translation: C) where D) what
Translation:
4. John isn't the kind of man ---- would betray

you. 9. They just idolize people ---- are in movies
and on TV.
A) which B) whose
C) who D) when A) what B) which
Translation: C) where D) who
Translation:
5. The demand for slaves in the US increased

in 1793, ---- Eli Whitney's new cotton gin was
10. I dream of a society ---- wealth is distributed
introduced.
fairly.
A) whom B) which
A) which B) when
C) that D) when
C) whose D) wherever
Translation:
Translation:
11. The building, ---- was completed in 1767, is

famous for its brickwork.
A) what B) which
C) that D) when
Translation:
12. People look at things differently depending 17. She declined to say ---- many officers
on ---- they are rich or poor. patrolled the park.
A) who B) what A) how B) what
C) why D) whether C) which D) where
18. My metabolism is such that no matter ---- I

13. Lately, it's not fashionable to measure eat I don't put on weight.
success by ---- far you climb up the
corporate ladder. A) much more B) as much as
C) how much D) too much
A) how B) whom
C) that D) why Translation:
Translation:
19. Last year my best friend, ---- name is Annie,

invited me to stay with her during the
summer holiday.
14. My father spoke to me about ---- important
school will be for finding a job when I am A) that B) how
older. C) what D) whose
A) once B) even Translation:

C) how D) however
Translation:
20. The students ---- test grades are low have to

come back after school for an extra lesson.
15. Even in 1930, Einstein was a known celebrity A) whose B) which
and had to guard his travel itinerary ---- he C) whom D) those
went.
Translation:
A) whichever B) whomever
C) wherever D) however
Translation:
21. I can't understand ---- they're such good

friends. They have hardly anything in
common.
16. Balance is the key to determining ---- or not a A) that B) why

behaviour is a healthy habit. C) with whom D) whether
A) whom B) during which Translation:
C) whether D) why
Translation:
22. Our neighbour ---- son goes to high school 27. Those ---- want to smoke will need to do so
has a new car. in a designated area.
A) at which B) when A) where B) which
C) who D) whose C) who D) whereby
23. Police officers are trained individuals ---- job 28. Those ---- often break their promises can
is to serve and protect. never be trusted.
A) where B) whose A) why B) who
C) when D) who C) whom D) which
24. A recycling plant is a facility ---- processes 29. 67% of those ---- never smoked said they
materials for recycling. worried about the health effects of passive
smoking.
A) whose B) which
A) which B) who
C) where D) why
C) if D) where
Translation:
Translation:
25. Experts disagree on ---- much the program

will cost.
30. No matter ---- you look, you can see damage
A) why B) at which caused by the earthquake.
C) what D) how
A) whether B) where
Translation: C) why D) which
Translation:
26. Pigeon post is mail ---- is carried by pigeons

or other birds.
A) which B) where
C) when D) whose
Translation:
1 en azından mammal widespread describe at least
2 baskı, basınç take place assumption pressure major

3 azarlamak ruin supply reprimand communicate
4 yok etmek destroy monitor pollute fairly
5 etki, darbe insect impact visual identify
6 izlenim, iz, taklit long-lasting at least impression exhibition
7 tüketim consumption be credited with gratitude exclusively
8 köle slave violence develop gratitude
9 temsil, tasvir destroy representation put on promise
10 çoğunluk no doubt equal majority representation
11 etkili bir şekilde effectively medicinal necessary shout
12 aldatmak, ihanet etmek exclusively demand identify betray
13 kaynak wellbeing supply cost distribute
14 ekin injection annoy union crop
15 kuraklık exhibition patrol disease drought
16 ciddi, sevimsiz severe international consumption curious
17 farkına varmak calculate monitor take notice dispute
18 sınırlamak determine be credited with conquer restrict
19 başarmak corporate matter responsible accomplish
fethetmek, üstesinden
20 knowledge long-lasting conquer press
gelmek
21 konsey neighbour interest member council
22 aşırı kilolu majority overweight freeway union
23 bulaşıcı take place infectious prioritize clot
24 kâr promise resistant indifferent profit
25 sıcaklık common last temperature introduce
26 tamamlamak regard depend on complete find out
27 talep communicate demand treatment pressure
28 tıbbi award medicinal facility corporate
29 farklı olmak differ assumption reason pressure
oluşturmak,
30 development determine convert account for
açıklamasını yapmak
31 şüphesiz no doubt conquer reprimand elect
...ya sahip olduğuna
32 be credited with lead to medicinal account for
inanılmak
33 bağırmak shout expert lead to mating
34 yaygın, ortak common process temperature find out
35 ölçüm regard measurement associate infectious
36 giymek, kilo almak representation insurance put on at least
37 durum circumstance supply murder promise
38 eksik olmak conquer climb lack clot
be credited
39 ilgi, çıkar, faiz fairly injection interest
with
40 mâl olmak cost profit significant disease
41 kirletmek patrol pollute depend on value
42 gerekli lead to necessary unity earnings
43 ölçmek include measure council circumstance
44 cinayet determine murder circumstance award
45 sinirlendirmek assumption neighbour annoy productivity
46 meraklı, tuhaf curious measurement major government
47 konu, madde matter take place struggle doubly
48 mahvetmek last international ruin language
tanıştırmak, ortaya
49 success impression introduce pressure
koymak
50 mücadele productivity consumption struggle indifferent
51 farkında disease severe common aware
belirlemek, karar
52 determine overweight community associate
vermek
53 öncelik vermek resign press demand prioritize
54 yalnızca effectively insect impact exclusively
55 şükran introduce useful gratitude measure
56 başarı globalization development pollute success
gelişmek, ortaya
57 process temperature develop decline
çıkmak
58 sürmek, dayanmak cost last describe disease
59 dönüştürmek wealth depend on exhibition convert
60 tasvir etmek significant describe temperature fairly
61 çevre yolu freeway slave prioritize community
62 gözlemlemek no doubt complete serve monitor
63 süreç, işlem equal annoy process develop
64 başvuran process applicant protect exclusively
65 varsayım restrict percent respond assumption
66 korumak applicant ruin protect community
67 hükûmet rely on value government struggle
68 iki bakımdan facility doubly ruin effectively
69 hastalık insurance injection disease doubly
70 memeli mammal majority cost behaviour
71 ünlü necessary tiny calculate celebrity
72 pıhtı, avanak clot impact clue reprimand
73 tesis, beceri facility applicant globalization restrict
74 yol açmak lead to betray resign globalization
75 davranış develop behaviour rely on council
76 dil language insect occur tiny
77 içermek lack plentiful murder include
78 uzman occur expert pollute wealth
79 istifa etmek resign success member major
80 meydana gelmek expert take place aware facility
81 refah medicinal wellbeing member treatment
82 yüzde mating slave percent clue
83 keşfetmek plentiful discover tiny protect
84 sigorta severe insurance distribute monitor
85 meydana gelmek percent occur surgery intolerant
86 kazanç severe vibrant widespread earnings
hizmet etmek, görev
87 dispute treatment serve crop
yapmak, işe yaramak
88 devriye gezmek patrol wellbeing impact surgery
89 ipucu clue infectious strike freeway
90 devam etmek go on serve overweight nutritionist
91 neden, mantık vibrant expert matter reason
92 ortaklığa ilişkin, ortak gratitude supply insect corporate
93 değer value plentiful immediately resign
94 verim take notice language profit productivity
95 birlik language unity nutritionist lack
derhal, hemen
96 calculate measure decline immediately
(yakınında)
97 küreselleşme convert freeway violence globalization
98 uzun ömürlü discover long-lasting damage curious
99 seçmek (oylamayla) drought rely on elect useful
100 basın climb take notice press patrol
high break medicinal healthy share
effectively main rainy give hunt for
soil productivity take hold heal
martial build widespread make civilized
1 ---- erosion toprak kayması
2 reduce ---- üretkenliği azaltmak
3 ---- risk risk almak
4 ---- belief inancı/görüşü paylaşmak
5 ---- cut kesiği iyileştirmek
6 ---- art dövüş sanatı
7 ---- belief yaygın inanç
8 ---- museum müze inşa etmek
9 ---- society medeni toplum
10 ---- measurement ölçüm yapmak
11 ---- injection iğne yapmak
12 ---- reason temel sebep
13 ---- exhibition sergi düzenlemek
14 ---- season yağmurlu mevsim
15 ---- clue ipucu aramak
16 communicate ---- etkili bir şekilde iletişim kurmak
17 ---- treatment ilaç tedavisi
18 ---- habit sağlıklı alışkanlık
19 ---- school lise
20 ---- a promise bir sözü tutmamak
1 convert ---- …dan dönüştürmek

2 convert ---- …ya dönüştürmek
3 indifferent ---- …ya karşı umursamaz
4 ---- the universe evrende
5 polluted ---- ... ile kirletilmiş
6 ---- television televizyonda
7 threat ---- …ya tehdit
8 ---- the Internet internette
9 interest ---- …ya ilgi
10 ---- a ... level ... bir seviyede
11 useful ---- ...için faydalı/yararlı
12 resistant ---- ...ya karşı dirençli
13 shout ---- ...ya bağırmak
14 owe sth ---- sb bir şeyi birine borçlu olmak
15 hunt ---- …yı arama
16 demand ---- …için talep
17 use ---- ... için kullanmak
18 respond ---- …ya cevap, tepki vermek
19 famous ---- …ile ünlü
20 key ---- …nın anahtarı
21 disagree ---- …konusunda anlaşmamak
22 worry ---- ...hakkında endişelenmek
YDS/YÖKDİL Basics Self-Study kitabındaki Clauses Revision ünitesindeki alıştırmaları tamamlayanız.

YDS/YÖKDİL Basics 2022 Sonbahar

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

YDS/YÖKDİL Basics 2022 Sonbahar

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

2022 SONBAHAR

Adjective & Adverb

▢ Tamamladığınız alıştırmaları işaretleyebilirsiniz.

Bu dijital kaynak kullanıcının isteği üzerine ders notu olarak çoğaltılmıştır.

then (adv): o zaman, o halde

cheap (adj): ucuz please (excl): lütfen

cold (adj): soğuk, ilgisiz age (n): yaş, çağ

constant (adj): sürekli, sabit air (n): hava, havayolu

distant (adj): uzak, mesafeli airfare (n): uçak bileti ücreti

dizzy (adj): başı dönen airport (n): hava limanı

early (adj): erken, başları area (n): bölge, yüz ölçümü

electronic (adj): elektronik atmosphere (n): atmosfer, ortam

entire (adj): bütün author (n): yazar

essential (adj): gerekli ball (n): top, yumak, balo

fatty (adj): yağlı beach (n): plaj

green (adj): yeşil, tecrübesiz biscuit (n): bisküvi

healthy (adj): sağlıklı body (n): vücut, ceset, kütle

important (adj): önemli book (n): kitap

large (adj): büyük bowl (n): kase

military (adj): askeri break (n): ara

old (adj): yaşlı, eski breakfast (n): kahvaltı

open (adj): açık bridge (n): köprü, briç

positive (adj): olumlu brother (n): erkek kardeş

recent (adj): son zamanlardaki building (n): bina, inşa etme

round (adj): yuvarlak cake (n): kek, kalıp

scientific (adj): bilimsel car (n): araba, vagon

similar (adj): benzer cause (n): sebep, amaç

small (adj): küçük century (n): yüzyıl

solar (adj): güneş kaynaklı change (n): değişiklik, para üstü

sudden (adj): ani child (n): çocuk

tremendous (adj): devasa citizen (n): vatandaş

back (adv): geri climate (n): iklim

carefully (adv): dikkatle clock (n): saat, gösterge

never (adv): asla cold war (n): soğuk savaş

now (adv, n): şimdi, hemen computer (n): bilgisayar

percent (adj, adv): yüzde condition (n): durum, koşul, rahatsızlık

pretty (adv): oldukça construction (n): inşaat

couple (n): çift gun (n): silah

credit card (n): kredi kartı happiness (n): mutluluk

cure (n): çare history (n): tarih, geçmiş

curiosity (n): merak home (n): ev, yurt

daughter (n): kız evlat hotel (n): otel

day (n): gün, gündüz hour (n): saat

decade (n): on yıl illness (n): hastalık

density (n): yoğunluk importance (n): önem

difference (n): fark, uyuşmazlık increase (n): artış

door (n): kapı invention (n): icat, uydurma

driving (n): sürüş king (n): kral

effort (n): çaba lamp (n): lamba

election (n): seçim language (n): dil

enemy (n): düşman letter (n): mektup, harf

energy (n): enerji level (n): seviye

Europe (n): Avrupa light (n): ışık, ateş (çakmak vs)

failure (n): başarısızlık man (n): adam, insanoğlu

fault (n): hata, fay match (n): maç, kibrit, eş

food (n): yiyecek medicine (n): ilaç, tıp

forest (n): orman meeting (n): toplantı

Friday (n): Cuma minute (n): dakika, an

fridge (n): buzdolabı mirror (n): ayna

garden (n): bahçe Monday (n): Pazartesi

genius (n): deha money (n): para

mosque (n): cami shelf (n): raf