WAVE OPTICS

VERY SHORT TYPE QUESTIONS:

1. when monochromatic light travels from one medium to another, Its wave length
changes but frequency remains constant. Comment.
2. Light of wave length 500 A0 propagating in air gets partly reflected and partly
refracted from the surface of water. How will the wave lengths and frequencies
of the reflected and refracted light be affected?
3. Why are coherent sources required to create interference of light?
4. What type of wave length will emerge from a (a) point source (b) distant light
source?
5. What will be the effect on interference fringes if red light is replaced by blue
light?
6. How does interference fringe width of interference fringe change, when the
whole apparatus of Young’s experiment is kept in water (refractive index = 4/3)?
7. In what way is the diffraction from each slit related to interference pattern in
double slit experiment.
8. How does the angular separation between fringes in single slit experiment
change when distance of separation between the slit and screen is doubled?
9. In single slit experiment, the width of slit is made double the original width. How
does this affect the size and intensity of the central diffraction pattern band?
10.What are coherent sources of light?
11.Can two identical and independent sodium lamps act as coherent sources? Give
reason for your answer.
12.In Young’s double slit experiment, if the distance between the slits less than λ
(ie d<λ) what will be effect on interference fringes?
13.What is shape of the wave front on earth for sunlight?
14.When a tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from distant source, a
bright spot is seen at the centre of the shadow of obstacle. Explain why?
15.Why is interference pattern not detected, when two coherent sources are far
apart? And when they are infinitely close to each other?
16.A parallel beam of light falls normally on a single narrow slit. How does angular
width of the principle maximum in the resulting diffraction pattern depend on
the width of the slit?
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:
1. Find intensity at a point on the screen in Young’s double slit experiment where
interfering waves of equal intensity have path difference of (i) λ/4, and (ii) λ/3
2. Find the ratio of intensity at two points on the screen in Young’s double slit
experiment when waves from the two slits have path difference (i) 0 (ii) λ/4
3. A parallel beam of light of wave length 600 nm is incident normally on the slit of
width ‘a’, if the distance between the slit and the screen is 0.8 m and distance of
2nd order maximum from the center of the screen is 1.5 mm, calculate the width
of the slit.
4. Two coherent waves of equal amplitude produce interference pattern in young’s
double slit experiment. What is the ratio of intensity at a point where phase
difference is Π/2 to intensity at centre?
5. Sketch a graph showing the variation of fringe width versus the distance of thew
screen from the plane of the slits in Youngs double slit experiment. What
information can one obtain from the slope of this graph?
6. D
7. Light waves of two coherent sources if intensity ratio 81:1 produces interference
calculate the ratio of maximum and minimum intensity
8. Light waves of intensities I and 2I cross each other at a point with phase
difference of 600 what is the resultant intensity at that point?
9. Widths of two slits in Young’s double slit experiment are in the ratio 9:1. What is
the ratio of amplitudes and intensities of lights from them.
NUMERICALS:
1. Two coherent sources are 0.18 mm apart and fringes are observed on the
screen at 80 cm away. It is found that with certain source of light, the fourth
bright fringe is situated at a distance of 10.8 mm from the central fringe.
Calculate the wave length of light.
2. Green light of wave length 5100A0 from narrow slit is incident on a double slit. If
the overall separation of 10 fringes on the screen 200 cm away is 2 cm, calculate
the slit separation.
3. In soung’s double slit experiment , the width of the fringes obtained with light of
wave length 600 nm is 2mm. what will be the fringe width if the entire
apparatus is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.33?
4. Two narrow parallel slits 3mm apart are illuminated with monochromatic light
of wavelength 5900 x 10-8cm. fringes are obtained at 3 m from the slits. Find the
width of fringes.
5. In Young’s double slit experiment, while using a source of light of wave length
500A0, the fringe width obtained is 0.6 cm. if the distance between the screen
and slit is reduced to half, what should be the wave length of the source to get
fringes 0.003 m wide?
 DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT
VERY SHORT QUESTIONS:
1. What is diffraction of light?
2. Does phenomena of light helps us to decide about the longitudinal and
transverse nature of light?
3. State the condition for diffraction of light to occur.
4. What should be the order of the size of obstacle or aperture for diffraction of
light?
5. For a given single slit, the diffraction pattern is obtained on a fixed screen, first
by using red light and then with blue light. In which case, will the central
maxima, in the observed diffraction pattern, have larger angular width?
6. Yellow light is used in the single slit diffraction experiment with slit width of 0.6
mm. if yellow light is replaced by X- rays, how will the diffraction pattern be
affected?
7. What is the condition for first minima in the case of diffraction due to single slit?
8. Give one basic difference between diffraction and interference of light?
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:
1. A slit of width a is illuminated by monochromatic light at normal incidence.
Draw the intensity distribution curve observed on the screen due to diffraction.
2. In a single slit diffraction experiment, when a tiny circular obstacle is placed in
the path of the light from distant source, a bright spot is seen at the centre of
the shadow of the obstacle. Explain, why?
3. What two changes in diffraction pattern di you observe, when monochromatic
source is replaced by a source of white light?
4. In a single slit diffraction pattern, how is the width of central bright maximum
changed, when
(a) the slit width is decreased
(b) the distance between the slit and the screen, is increased
(c) light of smaller wave length is used. Justify your answer.
5. Give three of differences between fringes formed in the single slit diffraction
and young’s double slit experiment.
NUMERICALS:
1. The light of wave length 600 nm is incident normally on a slit of width 3 mm.
calculate the linear width of central maximum on the screen 3 m away from the
slit.
2. Light of wave length 600 nm is incident on a single slit of width 0.5 mm at
normal incidence. Calculate the separation between two dark bands on either
side of the central maxima, if the diffraction pattern is observed on the screen
placed at 2 m from the slit.
3. A screen is placed 2 m away from narrow slit, find the slit width if the first
maxima lies 5 mm on either side of the central maximum, when the plane
waves of 5× 10-7m are incident on the slit.
4. Light of wave length 5.4 ×10-5 cm passes through a slit 0.12 cm wide and forms
a diffraction pattern on the screen 2.7 m away what is the width of the central
maxima? If the apparatus is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.33. What
would be the width of central fringe?
5. A parallel beam of light of wave length 600 nm is incident normally on a slit of
width a. if the distance between the slits and the screen ai 0.8 m and the
distance of second order maxima from center of screen is 15 mm, calculate the
width of the slit.
6. In a single slit diffraction experiment, the third minimum due to red light of
wave length 720 nm coincides with fourth dark maximum due to light of some
unknown wavelength. Find the value of the unknown wavelength.
 RAY OPTICS
TOPIC : REFRACTION OF LIGHT:
SHORT ANSWER TYPE
1.