Chapter 4

DISCUSSION

Presented in this chapter are the discussions on the data, conclusions, and

recommendations on the variables of social media usage and student engagement

among social media usage and student engagement among science, technology,

engineering and mathematics strand students.

Social Media Usage

The high level of social media usage means that the social media usage as

perceived by the student engagement is oftentimes manifested. This is because of the

high ratings given to all its indicators namely habit, obligations, and knowledge sharing.

The overall result of this study support the research conducted by Eradagon & Mustafa

(2017) which proves that in the context of student’s engagement to the usage of Social

Media has brought big impact to them as part of their habits. The overall results

indicates that students are frequently using and engaging to Social Media to share their

skills to their Facebook friends which is also related to to the student’s routine through

using Social Media. In terms of the social media usage of Senior High School Science,

Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Students, also to emphasize the increasing

function of Social Media, the users especially the respondents of the study are able to

create online communities and share information which also allows two-ways of

communication with respect to the educational processes.

Additionally, the result of this survey from the Independent Variable’s first Indicator

also agree with Karadkar (2015), as the result shows that using social media has
become natural among Senior High School Science, Technology, Engineering, &

Mathematics Students in which they also used various social media platforms for

educational and informational purposes. Social Media will also be their medium to

create communication with other Social Media Users and continue to interact with them

in a fastest and easiest way which makes it useful for students. Many reasons exist that

explain why students love to spend time socializing. Firstly, social media provide them

the freedom to do whatever they want, to upload what they want and talk to whom they

want. They like to make new friends and comment on the lives of different people.

Students can create other online friends and communicate with them through using

internet. The freedom it gives them to act just by sitting and makes less effort in terms of

using it and never before has it been so easy for young minds to create a digital image

of their actions through such a spontaneous medium.

On the other hand, the second survey result with (High) percentage positively relates

to the findings of Al-dheleai & Tasir (2015) which indicates that Facebook friends

believed that it can help the Facebook community to accumulate or enrich knowledge is

part of being members. This implicates that being engaged with Facebook as one of the

most used Social Media Platform is able to make a connection among users to send

messages, give reactions to a certain post, share important information and make

comments towards other people which is also being engaged by students, especially for

Senior High School STEM Students. Overall, student can communicate with the use of

Facebook group as an interaction medium as students and instructor can also interact

through Facebook group without being Facebook friends which can reduce students’
concern about invading their privacy. From the findings of those studies, it is obvious

that students are trying to gain benefits from Facebook for their learning activities.

Moreover, the last highest survey result of Independent Variable shows that the Senior

High School STEM Students are enjoying sharing knowledge with their Facebook

friends as their ways of interacting and communicating with them which through their

connection and they can learn new discoveries, lessons and skills which is also

beneficial for their studies and use that important knowledge at school. Also, the biggest

advantage of social media is better communication. As stated by Willboard (2019), a

student can connect with anyone at any point in time through various Social Media

Platform including Facebook Messenger and other interactive platform. They can use

such platforms via their smartphone, tablet or computer, and learners can exchange

questions, make phone calls or video calls. If a student is stuck with their homework,

they can always communicate with their friends or teacher. They don’t need to wait and

meet the teacher physically. Social media promote learning by offering support with

sharing documents as well. Some teachers used Facebook Live, in which teacher does

by communicating with their students. Lastly, according to Sarah Mae (2021), Facebook

has 1.84 billion regular users who access this social networking site daily. And it makes

Facebook the most popular social media platform. Facebook offers many interactive

features makes it the most used Social Media Platform globally. The people who are the

most engaged in Facebook are students. Many people are engaging in Facebook for

different reasons, most of it are for communication, knowledge sharing and

entertainment purposes.
Student Engagement

Results showed that there is a high level of social and emotional competence

among the respondents. This is because of the high ratings given to all the five

indicators which are Affective Engagement (Liking for Learnings), Affective

Engagement (Liking for School), Behavioral Engagement (Effort and Persistence),

Behavioral Engagement (Extracurricular Activities) and Cognitive Engagement.

The result of the survey from the dependent variable shows that the students are

interested in learning since self-directed learning is encouraged through social media,

which prepares students to find answers and make decisions on their own. These social

media abilities can be coached and polished in a classroom setting to promote greater

learning outcomes and critical awareness. Also, it shows that students are proud to be

at their school since it is more convenient for them to learn as they can directly ask their

teachers to guide them and with the use of social media, their tasks become more easy.

Moreover, the survey indicates that students are trying hard to do well in school,

taking an active role in extracurricular activities and trying to understand the material

better by relating it to things they already know. Findings reveal that students’ use of

social media is favorably associated to their creativity and academic engagement

through intrinsic motivation and it shows that social media usage positively affects

student’s liking for learning, liking for school, cognitive engagement and behavioral

engagement. Academic engagement, according to Christenson, Reschly, and Wylie

(2012), has evolved from students’ attention in the classroom to a whole construct built
on emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components that further lead to students’

motivation for learning.

Students’ engagement and inventiveness are developed from their use of social

media in today’s world. Students’ use of social media, for example, may increase

intrinsic motivation, leading to academic engagement and creativity, by displaying

examples of other high-achieving students, providing study materials that are easily

accessible, and connecting them with other students working in the same field. In short,

.social media is impacting and molding how today’s students study and interact

Significance on the Relationship between

Social Media Usage and Student engagement

In contrast to the study of Gulzar, Ahmad, Hassan & Rasheed (2021), the results

revealed a significant relationship between Social Media Usage and Student

Engagement which led to the rejection of the null hypothesis of the study. Therefore, it

implies that Social Media Usage relates to Student Engagement. Also, these two

variables which are the (Independent and Dependent Variable) has an important

obligation towards each other. Since, Senior High School STEM Students are

dependent in using various Social Media Sites which can provide essential context and

concepts among Learners which also beneficial to their Academic Performance at

School and most especially, helps them to boost their confident and gives them wider

opportunity to make their study and projects in classroom more efficiently and effectively

in easier way as possible. The significant relationship between Independent Variable

(Social Media Usage) and Dependent Variable (Student Engagement) determines to

provide important data which implies that in the modern generation, the usage of

various Social Media Networking Sites is part of most students around the world which

gives them the opportunity to use a reliable medium that are useful for their study,

quizzes, activity, assignment and exams at school through the use of different type of

Technology Devices including smartphone, television, computer etc. In a recent

research, reveals that the social media usage has been rapidly increased in higher

education. The current study is an attempt to understand how and when the use of

social media by the students is related to their academic engagement and creativity.

Findings reveals that social media use by the students is positively related to their

creativity and academic engagement through intrinsic motivation.

Additionally, in accordance with Coates (2007), student engagement is the physical

and psychological effort students devote to academic experience. It involves both in-

class and out-of-class activities. Thus, as stated by Lee (2014) and Soffer & Yaron

(2017) it includes collaborative learning and support. It is the effort students dedicate to

everyday school activities. There is enough evidence that supports the existence of a

relationship between student engagement and learning outcomes. As stated by Bryson

(2014), existing research that relates to engagement are mostly in the domain of

student learning outcomes. This has received more prominence in recent times.

According to Croxton (2014) and Shadiev et al. (2014), studies have shown that the

amount of interaction and level of quality directly influence student learning and

development. In agreement with George (2017), as an attempt to promote and improve

the effectiveness of student engagement, several studies have emphasized the use of

social media. This is because, existing research has demonstrated that social media

and networks play an important role in student engagement.

Furthermore, this study also agrees with the study of Zhu (2012) that the use of social

media and mobile devices presents both advantages as well as challenges, mostly its

benefits seen in terms of accessing course contents, video clip, transfer of the

instructional notes etc. Overall, students feel that social media and mobile devices are

the cheap and convenient tools of obtaining relevant information. Studies in western

countries have confronted that online social media use for collaborative learning has a

significant contribution to students’ academic performance and satisfaction. In relation

to the study of Ansari & Khan (2020), the purpose of this research project was to

explore how learning and teaching activities in higher education institutions were

affected by the integration and application of mobile devices in sharing the resource

materials, interaction with colleagues and students’ academic performance. The broad

goal of this research was to contemporized the in-depth perspectives of students’

perception of mobile devices and social media in learning and teaching activities.

However, this research paper paid attention to only students’ experiences, and their

understanding of social media fetched changes and its competency in academic

performance.
Significance on the Influence
Social Media Usage and Student Engagement

The main purpose of this research which relates to the study of Talaue, AlSaad,

AlRushaidan, AlHugail & AlFahhad (2018); Gonzales & Young (2015) was to investigate

the significance on the influence of Social Media Usage and Student Engagement it was

revealed that all of the indicators of Social Media Usage, such as Habit, Obligation and

Knowledge Sharing are all found to be significant predictors to the Student Engagement

among Senior High School STEM Students. Social Media influenced SHS through

showcasing its significant role that determines the application of Independent Variable`s

Indicators including the Habit, Obligation and Knowledge, these are the important

concepts of Social Media among Students which still continuously applied in these

times. Studies found out that academic outcome of students who spent most of their

time interacting

Using social media are positive because they were able to share and generate ideas

and concepts related to their studies. They also use these sites for having fun as these

social media sites are Helpful in their academic work. Research shows that the use of

social media in learning impacts achievement in a positive way. Social media is one

way to strengthen communication skills. The use of social media tools helps students

share information, communicate ideas, and create videos to extend and enhance their

learning and demonstrate their mastery of content and skills. According to studies,

students who spent the most of their time connecting with others performed better

academically.
Social media is beneficial because it allows people to exchange and generate ideas and

concepts. Pertaining to their study They also utilize these sites for entertainment

because they are social media sites. They will find it beneficial in their academic work

according to research, using social media in the classroom has a favorable impact on

achievement. One technique to improve communication skills is to use social media.

Students can utilize social media technologies to extend and enhance their learning and

demonstrate mastery of curriculum and skills by sharing information, communicating

ideas, and creating films.

Additionally, increased usage of social media is a global phenomenon. With the

continuous improvements in information and communication technologies and

increasing possibilities for Ubiquitous internet connectivity, more freedom is anticipated

for using social media whenever and wherever one wants. Educationally, relating to

freedom, and as indicated by The Nielsen Company (2012), social media platforms

such as Whatsapp, MySpace, Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Mebo, Email, Youtube,

Instagram, Tiktok, Blogs, Email, and others continue to alter the way in which students

access, generate, share and Use information. With the possibility for more freedom (i.e.

of connectivity and access) regarding networking online anywhere and at any time, it is

not difficult to note that social media use will remain a regular aspect of students’

everyday life. Social media use is already pervasive in all contexts, but many

Implications of the specific use of social media in the lives of specific sets of users such

as students are not adequately conspicuous and they may not be until focused research

efforts (such as this) are made to expose them. Increased social media usage is a

worldwide phenomena. With the help of Continual advancements in information and

communication technology, as well as the expanding opportunities with widespread

internet connectivity, users will have more freedom to use social media whenever and

whenever they want. Anyone can go wherever they choose. According to The Nielsen

Company (2012), social media is beneficial to education and freedom. Whatsapp,

MySpace, Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Mebo, Email, Youtube, Instagram, and other

social media platforms Tiktok, Blogs, Email, and other platforms continue to change

how students access, generate, share, and collaborate. Make advantage of data. With

the ability to have more freedom (in terms of connectivity and access) in terms is easy

to see how social media will continue to be a popular way to network online at any time

and from anywhere. A common occurrence in the lives of students.

Conclusion

The Indicator Habit has a highest level which means it is observed most of the

time. In relation to the influenced of Social Media towards SHS Students and the

evidences why it became a Habit among learners. Noted that “the use of social media

networks and the Internet is one of the most important factors that can influence

educational performance of students positively or adversely” Mehmood and Taswir

(2013). Social networking and media tools offer students the opportunity to

communicate with others, get in touch, access information from the internet, research

and chat. Social media can be used for educational purposes (Rito, 2018). The

evolution and diversity of social media paved the way for hundreds of social media

settings, such as sharing words, photographs, and videos that social media can be used

for, are expected to pave the way for new interaction alternatives among users. The
usage of mobile devices, the fact that it is interactive, user and society-based, and that it

is user-friendly have all contributed to its widespread adoption. In the meantime,

according to a Perrin study on social media usage profiles conducted between 2005

and 2015, 65 percent of American youths utilize social media. According to studies on

social media settings, social media can be employed in administrative procedures,

social requirements, information searching, and more. For educational purposes,

entertainment It was suggested that social media facilitates formal and informal

communication.

Moreover, the findings shows a significant relationship between the Indicator Habit

and Student Engagement. Since the evidence supported by Siahi & Maiyo, (2015),

student’s habit of study and they in turn are formed and Strengthened through

education. The development of good study habits is equally relative and helpful not

academic work but in career actualization and because this interrelationship cannot be

overlooked, the academic achievement and study habit of the student to a large extent

culminates into shaping an individual destiny. The general belief is that students who

exercise good study habits are likely to excel than those with poor study habits. Also,

academic performance is a necessary evil because one kind of ability is rewarded

economically and socially more than others.” This necessitates concern over factors

that are commonly linked with academic performance.

Finally, the Independent Variable’s Indicator which are the Habit, Obligation and

Knowledge Sharing have major influences on the Student Engagement among Senior
High School Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Students. This study

has also been approved by Haq & Haque, (2018), that Knowledge sharing, as well as

thought-provoking dialogue and discussion among current and incoming students, is

critical to making the world a better place. These days, the ability of students in the

educational system to exchange knowledge within themselves is seen as a key

contributor to success. This study, as supported by the study of Ghazali, Sulaiman,

Zabidi, & Alias, (2016), shows students and lecturers all need to share their knowledge

in the realm of research. The practice of knowledge sharing has become more effective

and simple since the development of social media. Previously, various studies were

conducted to evaluate the impact of social media usage on the general public. There

were also studies that tried to investigate the effects of social media in the educational

sector, but those studies were concentrated on the perspective of students. The point of

view of academia is accorded less weight. As a result, the purpose of this research is to

look at another specialty area of the knowledge sharing environment, specifically the

effects of social media on knowledge sharing among academics. Initially, a literature

research was conducted in order to identify probable criteria that attract academics to

use social media as a capacity to improve a student’s intellectual ability.

Recommendations

The following recommendations are presented based on the findings and

conclusions:

Based on the final survey result, the high levels are the Habit and Knowledge

Sharing and the least in the survey was the Obligation which means that plans must be
made to further improve the usage of Social Media in terms of the Learner’ s Habit and

how they will use a specific Platform most especially the use of Facebook as the most

applied Social Media platform for students around the world regarding the effectiveness

of Knowledge Sharing among other SHS Students. As the result shows, the study will

promote more opportunity for students to use their available Technology Devices and

the study also promotes Senior High Schools to give additional access of Internet

Connection for SHS Students for them to use Social Media Platform for educational and

informational purposes only. These suggestions will help student to access important

information, data, idea and concepts that they can apply for their activities, projects, and

assignments at school, classroom and even at their home. Through this, students will

able to learn more lessons in a lot more easier and faster ways by discovering new

things, sharing knowledge with other classmates, and just learning by themselves

through finding reliable sources online.

Moreover, the significant relationship between Social Media usage and Student

Engagement is also to provide relevant purpose in which the survey result

acknowledged the idea for Teachers or Instructor to widen their understanding towards

the use of Social Media that are engaged by SHS Students in which this Medium will

not be a hindrance or barriers for Students in terms of improving their Skills and

Knowledge unless it is used in an unsafe and inappropriate way. Social Media will also

help Students to communicate with their co-learner and Teachers for educational

related content at school.

 Finally, Habit, Obligation and Knowledge Sharing has an important influence on the

Student Engagement among SHS Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

Students which entails that Social Media is an important and relevant tool and medium

to promote good quality of education for students , since this medium provides reliable

information and context for them explore and learn continuously with the guidance of

Teachers or Instructor at school. Therefore, all the applied data, information, analysis

and idea will be acknowledge and showcase in terms of the application of Social Media

among SHS STEM Students, the overall outcome of the study will be successful in

behalf of the Researchers and the used Data and Theories that are applicable for this

existing study.

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