Statistical Physics. Problems. Part I.

1. The x value is uniformli distributed in the interval (a, b) . Calculate the values of <x> and
<x2> . (2.17)
2. The x value has a homogeneous distribution in the (a,b) range. Calculate the distribution of
the < (Δx)2 > value. (2.18)
3. Write the Lagrangian function of the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator. (1.4)
4. Calculate the average kinetic and potential energies of the harmonic oscillator. (1.6)
5. a) Solve the Hamilton equation of harmonic the oscillator. b) Calculate the phase trajectory
of the harmonic oscillator. (1.5,1.7)
6. The physical pendulum has mass m, length L, and moment of inertia I. The initial energy of
the pendulum is H0 = 2mgL. Find the phase trajectory of the pendulum. (Gr.16)
7. Calculate, a) the partition function of one dimentional harmonic oscillator; and b) using the
Gibbs distribution find the probability distribution of total energy of oscillator. (4.43)
8. A system of N particles of isotropic ideal gas is given. Using the definition of phase space,
calculate the gas entropy as function of energy and volume. The space is three-
dimentional.(4.61)
9. Calculate the average number of the molecules hit the walls of a rectangular volume in the
x direction in 1 second and on an area of 1 cm2. (4.14)
10. A part of energy of gas molecules hitting a container wall are transferred to the wall. Find
the amount of energy transferred to an area of one square centimeter per one second. (4.17)
11. Consider the ideal gas whose particles move in two dimensions. Calculate the mean and
mean square velocity of the particles. Motion is isotropic. (4.6)
12. Calculate, a) the probability distribution of kinetic energy and b) the probabilistic kinetic
energy of particle with mass of m. (4.19;4.20)
13. Oxygen gas temperature in a unit volume is 27C. Calculate the ratio of the number of
molecules with velocities between 500m/s and 501m/s to number of molecules in a unit
volume. Calculate vx and v components of velocities. (4.3)
14. Find the number of molecules in an air column with a base of 1 cm2 and a height of 10000
meters. (4.31)
15. A mixture of two ideal gases having the number of particles N1 and N2 and masses m1 and
m2, respectively. The mixture of gases is enclosed in a cylindrical vessel with a height h and
base area of S. The mixture is in gravity field. Find the pressure on the upper wall of the
vessel. (4.59)
16. In the spherical container the molecules velocities change in the interval of (v, v + dv).
Calculate the number of molecules that strike a container wall in 1 second an area of 1
cm2.(4.13)
17. A column with a base of S and a height of h contained an ideal gas is in a gravity field.
Find the free energy, entropy, internal energy and heat capacity of gas. (4.45)
18. The volumes containers with of two identical ideal gases are V1 and V2 and the
temperatures are T1 and T2, respectively. The pressure and number of particles in each volume
are equal. Find the entropy change of gases after containers are connected with a tube.(4.64)
19. There is an ideal gases mixture in a volume. The number of gas molecules in the mixture
are N1 and N2 . Calculate the partition function, Helmholtz free energy, and pressure of the
mixture. (4.58)
20. Calculate the average potential energy of an ideal gas molecules located in vertical
cylinder with the height of h. (4.33)
21. There are N ideal gas particles in a volume V. The E is limite value of partical energies.
The distribution is microcanonical. Calculate a) phase space volume, b) entropy, and c)
temperature of the gas. (4.44)
22. There are identical ideal gases with the same particle number in the two vessels. The
pressure in vessels are P1 andP2, consequently. The temperature is constant. Find the entropy
change after connecting the vessels with each other. (4.63)
23. Bir ideal gaz hacmi eşsıcaklıklı olarak V1’den V2’ye çıkmaktadır. İdeal gaz üzerinde a)
yapılan işi, b) entropi değişimini, ve c) gazın soğurduğu ısıyı hesaplayınız. (4.65)
24. Klasik üç boyutlu rotatörün açısal hızlarının olasılık dağılımını hesaplayınız.(4.36)
25. Consider the classical rotator. Calculate the mean square angular velocity of molecule.
The motion is three dimentional and space is isotropic. (4.37)
26. There is a system of quantum mechanical rotators. Calculate, a) partition function, b) free
energy, c) entropy, and d) internal energy of rotator system. Here T ˃˃ Tc, i.e. temperature of
system is more higher that caracteristic temperature of rotational motions of rotators.(4.55)
27. There is a system of N number of non-interacted quantum mechanical oscilators.
Calculate, a) Helmholtz free energy, and b) entropy of the system.(4.51)
28) The mass of classical oscillator is m and angular velosity is ω. Calculate the partition
function of single oscillator. (4.52)
29) Calculate, a) partition function, b) internal energy, and c) heat capacity of N number of
quantum mechanical oscillator.(4.52)
30. Find the average height of the air on the Earth. T = constant.(4.29)
31. The volume of photon gas is V and the energy of the particles is ε = cp. Find, a) the phase
space volume, b) statistical weight, and c) the number of microstates Ω(ε) in the range of (ε,
ε+dε). (4.48)
32. Calculate the average potential energy of an ideal gas molecules located in a vertical
columnwith height of h. The gas is in gravitation field. (4.33)