AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Maria Camila Benites

Mariana Vásquez

INDONESIA
POPULATION
GROWTH
Population pyramids

Population Intrinsic growth rate

275,591,549 0.132%
Reference Procedure | Analysis

1961 1976 1991 2006 2021

Population: 90.8M Population: 134.5M Population: 185.4M Population: 231.8M Population: 273.8M
Growth rate: 2.75% Growth rate: 2.52% Growth rate: 1.76% Growth rate: 1.31% Growth rate: 0.70%
Expanding Expanding Expanding Stationary Stationary

Expanding Stationary Contracting

Rapid growth Slow growth Cero growth

Underdeveloped nation Developing nation Developed nation

Youthful population Ageing population Aged population

Declining birth rate/High Low birth/death rate

High birth/death rate
death rate

Short life expectancy Increasing life expectancy Long life expectancy

The World Population

Review gives a prediction for Population predictions for 2036
2036 of 302.5M people

280,731,830 309,117,008
70 rule procedure with 0.132% 70 rule procedure with 0.82% rate
rate

Children per 1000

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) 12,45 woman Procedure

Marriage Law 1974 Sexual conflict

Parents can marry their daughter off as result of asymmetries in the minimum
young as 16 years old investment required for reproduction
for males and females
14% of young girls marry before their 18th
birthday Men have higher ideal family sizes than
women, but within reproducing couples,
Family planning 1974 desire similar numbers of future offspring.
Men have lower fertility intentions than
Launch of a vigorous family planning women when husbands are significantly
program in the mid-1970s and from older than their wives.
social and economic change
Massive improvements through the 1970s
and 1980s in basic education for girls.

Contraception
The world’s fourth most-populous
country is promoting later marriages
2.1 children per woman by 2025

Econommy
Aligns with broader strategies to
move Indonesia up the industrial
value chain higher-than-average fertility rate
A modestly
can balloon the numbers
2.3 children per woman, Indonesia will add
30 million people in the next decade
Which environmental problems could affect the
behavior of the population through the years?
High-density population and rapid
industrialization
Has led to large-scale deforestation and related wildfires, which have caused
air pollution and an increase in respiratory diseases.

Water pollution
Indonesia holds as much as 6% of the global freshwater stock, there has been
a loss of these resources.
Approximately 96% of rivers in Jakarta have been polluted due to industrial
and domestic waste. (ndonesia's Ministry of National Development Planning)
Freshwater to become even more scarce and can have a significant impact on
the country's population.

In your opinion, which sustainability

development goals can be improved in this
country? Explain and suggest a possible
strategy.
According to the United Nations, Indonesia is transforming faster than at any
time in its history. The United Nations collaborates with the Government of
Indonesia, several civil society organizations, and academic institutions to
ensure that the country successfully achieves the SDGs. As mentioned before,
one of the leading causes of water pollution is industrial and domestic waste,
which is why a solution to the problems could be implementing a circular and
green economy. This means that all companies should implement a sustainable
way of production, and the consumers should follow the same example and
apply sustainable consumption patterns to their daily lives. Ultimately, this would
lead to a decrease in the current waste produced by both citizens and
companies or other entities.

REFERENCES

Indonesia Fertility Rate 1950-2019. (2019). Macrotrends.net.

https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/IDN/indonesia/fertility-rate
Indonesia, J. C. on R. M. and N. M. in, Development, S., Affairs, P. and G.,
Council, N. R., & Sciences, I. A. of. (2013). Fertility Decline in Indonesia and
Its Relationship to Maternal Mortality. In www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. National
Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK201707/
Jiao, C., Sihombing, G., & Jamrisko, M. (2021, April 1). Bloomberg - Are you
a robot? Www.bloomberg.com.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-01/while-asia-wants-a-
baby-boom-indonesia-says-enough-is-enough?leadSource=uverify%20wall
Snopkowski, K., & Nelson, J. J. (2021). Fertility Intentions and Outcomes in
Indonesia: Evolutionary Perspectives on Sexual Conflict. Evolutionary
Human Sciences, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2021.27
Sparks, B. (2020, October 17). Women’s Rights in Indonesia | The Borgen
Project | Global Poverty. The Borgen Project.
https://borgenproject.org/womens-rights-in-indonesia/
The Asian Post Team. (2021, February 13). Indonesia: Baby Boom Or Bust?
The ASEAN Post. https://theaseanpost.com/article/indonesia-baby-boom-or-
bust