MONKEYPOX

- re-emerging viral disease transmitted from animals to humans (zoonoses).

- causative agent: monkeypox virus, species of Genus Orthopoxvirus, distinct from variola (smallpox)
virus
- 4 decades: discovered 1958 from monkeys experimented on. 1970s – 1 st human case reported.
Through years in west African countries are endemic. 2003 it got out of African countries – US reported
40 confirmed cases and was traced to prairie dogs.
- history remain unclear. There is reference to enzootic cycle that involved humans, nonhuman primates
and squirrels
-transmission: direct or indirect animal exposure and person-to-person transmission including sexual
contact and unprotected contact with contaminated beddings, clothes

SUSPECTED CASE:
a person of any age presenting in a monkeypox non-endem,ic country with an unexplained acute rash
AND
one or more of the following signs and symptoms since March 15, 2022:
> Headache
> Acute onset of fever (>38.5C)
> Lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
> Myalgia (muscle pain/body aches)
> Back pain
> Asthenia (profound weakness)
AND
 Some cases are still communicable even after fall off of scabs
Smallpox ; stopped 1980s
 Not all needs to be vaccinated – close contacts/health care workers

If
2 YES = public health emergency
Transmission is zoonosis (animals to animals) 1st then primary to seconday infections
NOT AIRBORNE
* LESION – MOSTLY
Virus is in blood until end of incubation til start of febrile stafe
Same time of progression
Rubella can also cause lymphadenopathy
death rate: variants: western – milder, non-endemic countries. Central – 10%-11%. Nonedemic areas :
western
Neck, armpits, groin
Immune system will defeat
GC and NC only if there are secondary infections (fungal) and also antibitotics for bacteria

Vitamin C - Needs more evidence

Complications
- If crusted