SHC and SLH Question (c) 

    When the balloon was put into liquid

nitrogen the temperature of the air in
the balloon decreased.
A scientist had a balloon which was filled with
air. Complete the sentences.

(a)     Which statement describes how air Choose answers from the box.
particles move?
Each answer may be used once, more than once
Tick (✓) one box. or
  not decreased stayed the same increased
at
At random speeds in random directions all.
 

At random speeds in the same direction As the air in the balloon cooled down,
the speed of the particles

At the same speed in random directions _______________. This is because

the kinetic energy of the

At the same speed in the same direction particles _______________.

(2)
(1)
(e)     The air in the balloon had a mass of
The temperature of the air was 19 °C 0.00320 kg

The scientist dipped the balloon into liquid The temperature of the air in the
nitrogen. balloon decreased by 215 °C

The temperature of the liquid nitrogen was The change in thermal energy of the
−196 °C air in the balloon was 860 J

(b)     Which thermometer could be used to Calculate the specific heat capacity of

measure the temperature of the liquid the air in the balloon.
nitrogen?
Use the Physics Equations Sheet.
Tick (✓) one box. (3)
 
(f)      The liquid nitrogen boiled.

What happens to the temperature of

nitrogen as it boils?

Tick (✓) one box.

 

Temperature decreases

Temperature increases

(1)
Temperature stays the same

(1)
The scientist recorded measurements to
calculate the specific latent heat of vaporisation
of nitrogen.

(g)     What is meant by vaporisation?

Tick (✓) one box.

 
A change of state from liquid
to gas

A change of state from solid

to gas

A change of state from solid

to liquid
(1)

(h)     The mass of nitrogen that vaporised

was 0.0072 kg

1440 J of energy was transferred to

the nitrogen as it vaporised.

Calculate the specific latent heat of

vaporisation of nitrogen.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

(3)
(Total 12 marks)
Q2.
Figure 1 shows a model of the particles in
a liquid.

Figure 1

(e)     What change of state occurs

between 200 seconds and 750
seconds?
(1)

(f)      Explain how Figure 2 shows that the

(a)     Give one similarity and one specific latent heat of vaporisation is
difference you would see in Figure 1 greater than the specific latent heat of
if it showed the same substance as a fusion.
gas.
(2) Use data from Figure 2.
(2)
(b)     Describe two limitations of the model
shown in Figure 1. (g)     1695 kJ of energy is transferred to
(2) water at 100 °C

(c)     Explain why substances have The specific latent heat of

different melting points. vaporisation of water is 2.260 × 106
(2) J / kg

(d)     Some fire extinguishers contain liquid Calculate the mass of water changed
carbon dioxide. into a gas at 100 °C

Suggest how carbon dioxide gas can Use the Physics Equations Sheet.
be changed to liquid carbon dioxide (3)
without reducing its temperature. (Total 13 marks)
(1)

Ice was heated at a constant rate.

Eventually all the ice changed to a gas.

Figure 2 shows how the temperature

changed over 800 seconds.

Figure 2