1.

 erbium
a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group

The device uses an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet, or Er:YAG, laser, to drive a tiny, precise
stream of liquid drug with just the right amount of force.

2.  nanometer
a metric unit of length equal to one billionth of a meter

In this latest version, described in the study, the team used a laser with a wavelength of
2,940 nanometers.

3.  transdermal
through the unbroken skin

Painless microjet injections powered by laser could one day replace jabs from hypodermic needles in
delivering annual flu shots, vaccines and other medications, according to researchers at Seoul National
University in South Korea, who write about the desi

4.  yttrium
a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and
aluminum alloys

The device uses an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet, or Er:YAG, laser, to drive a tiny, precise
stream of liquid drug with just the right amount of force.

5.  hypodermic needle
a hollow needle

Painless microjet injections powered by laser could one day replace jabs from hypodermic needles in
delivering annual flu shots, vaccines and other medications, according to researchers at Seoul National
University in South Korea, who write about t

6.  wavelength
a way of thinking or coming to mutual understanding

For instance, in previous versions, the laser wavelength was not quite right in that it was not well
absorbed in the driving liquid, and did not produce a good vapor bubble capable of delivering the right
amount of elastic strain to the membrane.
7.  epidermal
of or relating to a cuticle or cuticula

But just the fact they are aiming for the epidermal layer just under the surface of the skin, about 500
micrometers down, where there are no nerve endings, should already ensure it is "completely pain-free".

8.  tensile strength
the strength of material expressed as the greatest longitudinal stress it can bear without
tearing apart

Yoh explains that the jet pressure is higher than the tensile strength of skin, so it penetrates smoothly
into the targeted depth underneath, causing no splashback.

9.  hypodermic
a piston syringe that is fitted with a needle for injections

Painless microjet injections powered by laser could one day replace jabs from hypodermic needles in
delivering annual flu shots, vaccines and other medications, according to researchers at Seoul National
University in South Korea, who write about the design of their Er:YAG laser microjet transdermal device
and how they tested it on guinea pigs in the 15 September issue of Optics Letters.

10.  guinea
a former British gold coin worth 21 shillings

Painless microjet injections powered by laser could one day replace jabs from hypodermic needles in
delivering annual flu shots, vaccines and other medications, according to researchers at Seoul National
University in South Korea, who write about the design of their Er:YAG laser microjet transdermal device
and how they tested it on guinea pigs in the 15 September issue of Optics Letters.

11.  jab
poke or thrust abruptly

Painless microjet injections powered by laser could one day replace jabs from hypodermic needles in
delivering annual flu shots, vaccines and other medications, according to researchers at Seoul National
University in South Korea, who write about the design of their Er:YAG laser microjet transdermal device
and how they tested it on guinea pigs in the 15 September issue of Optics Letters.

12.  penetration
the act of entering into or through something
 "The laser-driven microjet injector can precisely control dose and the depth of
drug penetration underneath the skin.

13.  aerospace
the atmosphere and outer space considered as a whole

It uses multiple pulses of laser beam at lower energy, thereby delivering a significantly higher dose than a
previous version, the Nd:YAG system, report senior author Jack Yoh, professor of mechanical
and aerospace engineering, and colleagues.

14.  piston
mechanical device that has a plunging or thrusting motion

Other researchers have tried to develop similar microjet systems as that devised by Yoh and colleagues,
but they are invariably mechanically powered, using piston-based methods to drive the drugs into the
skin.

15.  garnet
any of a group of hard glassy minerals (silicates of various metals) used as gemstones
and as an abrasive

The device uses an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet, or Er:YAG, laser, to drive a tiny, precise
stream of liquid drug with just the right amount of force.

16.  facial
of or concerning the front of the head

The type of laser in their device is commonly used by dermatologists, particularly for facial cosmetic
treatments.

17.  colleague
an associate that one works with

It uses multiple pulses of laser beam at lower energy, thereby delivering a significantly higher dose than a
previous version, the Nd:YAG system, report senior author Jack Yoh, professor of mechanical and
aerospace engineering, and colleagues.

18.  Seoul
the capital of South Korea and the largest city of Asia
 Painless microjet injections powered by laser could one day replace jabs from hypodermic needles in
delivering annual flu shots, vaccines and other medications, according to researchers at Seoul National
University in South Korea, who write about the design of their Er:YAG laser microjet transdermal device
and how they tested it on guinea pigs in the 15 September issue of Optics Letters.

19.  penetrate
pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance

Yoh explains that the jet pressure is higher than the tensile strength of skin, so it penetrates smoothly into
the targeted depth underneath, causing no splashback.

20.  motor neuron

a neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord

: She is a simpleton, but has a lot of egos.

Nowadays clannish dresses have become a new trend.
It is said that bad deeds always leave a satanic effect.
He had always refused to be titular but, he achieved many because of his personality.
Her dress was speckled beautifully and glossy.
Vehicles today have befouled air and water.
After the corona outbreak there was no flurry in the markets.
In the amusement ride, I found myself in a quandary situation.
She felt quite a dude after the fight.

Quisling (Noun): Traitor

Word: betrayer, collaborator

Antonyms: loyalist, patriot

Sentence: The boy who committed the crime was proved not to be a quisling.

Plebeian (ADJECTIVE): Native

Word: local, indigenous

Antonyms: uncommon, different

Sentence: She is a plebian writer.

Opulence (Noun): Wealth

Word: abundance, affluence

Antonyms: dearth, deficiency

Sentence: His opulence made her have many fake friends.

#Obviate (Verb): Counteract

Word: preclude, forestall

Antonyms: assist, support

Sentence: The weather shown on the tv obviates the snow.

#Overt (Adjective): Obvious

Word: apparent, definite

Opposite: obscure, uncertain

Example: The person in the last smiled overtly at that woman.

New Vocabulary Words with Meanings Set Two

#Meddlesome (Adjective): Interfering

Word: intrusive, meddling

Opposite: avoiding, dodging

Example: She made a meddlesome statement.

#Mincing (Adjective): Affected

Word: artificial, dainty

Opposite: extroverted, unaffected

Example: Claire can’t put up with his mincing singer for the rest of her life.

Lavish (Adjective): wasteful

Word: extravagant, profligate

Opposite: economical, mean

Example: He came to grief because of his lavish dating habits.

Oblivion (Noun): mental blankness

Similar Word: forgetfulness, unconsciousness

Opposite: awareness, concern

Example: She was immersed in oblivion when he left.

Refurbish (Verb): make clean

Similar Word: repair, renovate

Opposite: ruin, destroy

Example: An individual can refurbish his/her image by discipline.

Raze (Verb): destroy completely

Similar Word: demolish, obliterate

Opposite: build, construct

Example: Dozens of forests have been razed.

#Rapt (Adjective): fully attentive

Similar Word: elated, ecstatic

Opposite: dejected, doleful

Example: She listened to the lecturer with rapt interest.

DENIGRATE (VERB): besmirch

Similar Word: defame, disparage

Opposite: praise, laud

Example: We should not try to denigrate the personality of anyone