RESPIRATION IN

ORGANISM
 WHY DO WE RESPIRE?
➢ All living organisms respire to get energy from food.

➢ Food contains stored energy.

➢ When we respire the food is broken down in the cells of

our body with the help of oxygen and energy is released.

➢ The cells can perform these function only if they get

the energy to do so.

➢ hence, all living organism need food which gives them the
required energy.
 RESPIRATION

➢ Respiration is a process which involves taking in oxygen and utilizing it for the
different function of the body and releasing carbon dioxide which is a gaseous
waste
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

➢ Respiration takes place in the cell of the body . Hence , it is known as cellular
respiration.
 RESPIRATION IN ANIMALS

➢In animals the oxygen taken in is used to break down

carbohydrates and release energy.

➢ Different organism have different ways to respire.

➢ Lower organism respire by simple diffusion, whereas higher

organisms have complex organ system for respiration.

 TYPES OF RESPIRATION
(i) AEROBIC RESPIRATION – It is a respiration in which glucose is broken down in

the presence of oxygen to release carbon dioxide, water and energy. It takes
place in most organisms.
𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒙𝒚𝒈𝒆𝒏
Glucose carbon dioxide + water + energy
(ii) ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION – A respiration in which glucose is broken down in the

absence of oxygen to release alcohol, carbon dioxide and energy. It takes place in
yeast.
𝒂𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒙𝒚𝒈𝒆𝒏
Glucose alcohol + carbon dioxide + energy
In anaerobic respiration in our muscle cells glucose is broken down in the absence
𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒙𝒚𝒈𝒆𝒏
of oxygen to release lactic acid and energy Glucose lactic acid +
energy
 BREATHING
➢ Breathing is the continuous process by which oxygen rich air is taken in and
carbon dioxide rich air is given out with the help of the respiratory organs.
➢ It involuntary action controlled by brain.
Breathing consists of two phases :
(i) Inhalation – The process of taking in air
(ii) Exhalation – The process of giving out air

BREATHING RATE – The number of times a person breathes in a minute is

called breathing rate
➢ When a person needs more energy, he breathes faster, more oxygen is
supplied to the cells, more food is broken down and more energy is released
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESPIRATION
AND BREATHING
PARAMETER BREATHING RESPIRATION

Type of process It is a physical process It is a biochemical process

Process It involves exchange of It involves oxidation of glucose

oxygen and carbon dioxide

Location It takes place in and out of It takes place in all the cells
the lungs and tissue of the body

Energy Energy is not released Energy is released

 HOW DO WE BREATHE
Human respiratory system consists of a pair of nostrils,
pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli.
➢ Nostrils : There is a pair of nostrils through which
oxygen in the air enters our body during inhalation and
carbon dioxide is released out during exhalation.
➢ Pharynx: From nasal Passage, air enters pharynx which
is a common passage for both food and air.
➢ Pharynx opens into digestive system through an opening called
gullet and into respiratory system through glottis.
➢Trachea : From pharynx air enter trachea.
Trachea is a tube-like structure and is also known as wind pipe.
Trachea divides into two bronchi(right and left)
➢ Bronchus and Bronchiole : Each bronchus enters the lung of its
side.
Bronchus divides into smaller branches known as bronchioles.
Each bronchioles ends up in small balloon-like structures called
alveoli.
➢ They are small balloon- like structures seen at the tip
of bronchioles, which are the site of gas exchange
between respiratory system and circulatory system.
Gaseous exchange takes place between alveoli and blood
➢ Lungs : They are the organs of respiration
Human beings have two lungs – left lung and right lung.
The branching network of bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
comprise the lungs.
 Lungs are protected by two two-membrane covering known as
pleural membranes. The space between the two pleural membranes is
filled with a liquid called pleural fluid.
The membranes and the fluid together protect the lungs from
external injuries and shock.
➢ Ribs : they are long curved bones, covering the chest region which
protect internal organs, like heart.
➢ Diaphragm : It is a muscular partition that separates the chest
cavity from abdominal cavity.
HUMAN LUNGS
 Duringinhalation ribs move up and out ward and diaphragm move
down. This increase space in our chest cavity and air fills into the
lung.
 During exhalation, ribs move down and inwards, while diaphragm
move up to it normal position. This reduces the space in our chest
cavity and air is pushed out of the lung.
Mechanism of breathing in human being
 BREATHING IN OTHER ANIMALS
COCKROACHES
➢Small insects like cockroaches have spiracles and tracheal
tubes.
➢SPIRACLES: these are small openings present on the side
of the body.
➢TRACHEAE: They are complex network of air tubes
present in insects.
➢Air enters the trachea through the spiracles, after which
it mixes with body tissues.
➢In a similar manner carbon dioxide from the cells enters
the tracheal tubes and the enters the spiracles from
where it moves out of the body.
 EARTHWORMS
➢These worms breathe through the passage of skin which is
wet, moist and slimy.
➢The pores on the skin make it easy for the gases to pass
in and out of the body.
FROGS
➢ They have unique features.
➢ They have lungs but can also breathe through the skin
making amphibian life easy.
 BREATHING UNDER WATER
➢ Foradapting to aquatic life style, the organisms like
fishes have developed gills.
➢ The gills are outward projections present on the skin
which acquire oxygen dissolved in water with the help
of blood vessels.
Breathing under water
 RESPIRATION IN PLANTS
➢ Plants breath in oxygen and expel out carbon dioxide.
➢ Thecells use up the oxygen to carry out aerobic
respiration and break the glucose down to produce
carbon dioxide, water and energy.
➢ Stomatapresent on leaf surfaces helps in the
exchange of these gasses.
➢ Theroots can acquire air from the soil. Soil has air
spaces in them.
Respiration in plants
THANK YOU!