Grade -7

Biology Chapter-10
Respiration in organisms
Topics to be covered
Need for respiration
Breathing
Types of respiration
-aerobic
-anaerobic
Mechanism of breathing in humans
Human respiratory system
Breathing in other animals
-cockroaches
-aquatic animals
-earthworm
Need of respiration
Have you wondered here does
the energy needed to perform
various activities come from?
The food eat has energy stored in it.
when we breathe in oxygen is taken
into our lungs .This oxygen is
transported to all the cells of our
body.
In the cells the digested food is
oxidized to release carbon dioxide
and energy that is locked in the food.
This energy is made available to all
the cells to carry out the biological
functions.
Breathing and respiration
The term respiration combines
two processes –breathing and
cellular respiration. Breathing- It is a
physical act of taking in
air rich in oxygen into
our body and releasing
carbon dioxide rich air
out of our body
Cellular respiration- The chemical through the nose.
process of breakdown of food in the
presence of oxygen to produce energy.
This takes place in all body cells.
Difference between breathing and
respiration
Breathing
1. It is a physical process.
2. It takes place through the nose.
3. It involves exchange of gases, i.e.,
taking in of oxygen and giving out
carbon dioxide.
4. Energy is consumed.
Respiration
1. It is a chemical process
2. It takes place in the cells
3. It involves a series of chemical
reactions where glucose is oxidized
to, releasing carbon dioxide, water
and energy.
4. Energy is produced.
Types of respiration
Depending on whether the oxygen is used in
the process or not respiration is of two types
 Aerobic respiration and
 Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration
This type of respiration occurs in the
ATP- Adenosine
presence of oxygen here food (glucose) Triphosphate
is broken down into carbon dioxide and
water and energy is released which is
stored as ATP molecules

Glucose+ Oxygen Carbon dioxide+ water+ energy(38 ATP)

Anaerobic respiration
It is common in
This type of respiration occurs in the
single celled absence of oxygen here food (glucose) is
organisms like Yeast.
They respire broken down into carbon dioxide and
anaerobically and ethyl alcohol and energy is released
during this process
yield alcohol. They
which is stored as ATP molecules
are used to make
wine and beer.

Glucose Absence of Alcohol + Carbon dioxide + energy(2 ATP)

oxygen
Difference between aerobic and anaerobic
respiration
Aerobic Respiration
1. It occurs in the presence of oxygen.
2. It involves the complete oxidation of
glucose to produce carbon dioxide
and water.
3. Large amount of energy is
produced( 38 ATP molecules).
4. Occurs throughout life in humans,
birds, fish, etc.
Anaerobic Respiration
1. It occurs in the absence of oxygen.
2. It involves the incomplete oxidation
of glucose to produce alcohol and
carbon dioxide.
3. Small amount of energy is
produced( 2 ATP molecules)
4. Occurs for a short period.
Why do we get cramps?
Most of us play outdoor games like cricket ,football
and basketball. when we play these games for a long
time due to vigorous movements , experience cramps
and fatigue.
This happens because our muscle cells start respiring
anaerobically for a short time.
The demand for energy is high nut supply of oxygen to
produce this huge amount of energy is less.
Glucose instead of completely breaking into carbon
dioxide and energy breaks partially into lactic acid and
energy.

Absence of
Glucose Lactic acid + energy(2 ATP)
oxygen
Breathing rate On an average a
person breathes
in and out upto
13000 litres of
air .Do you
know???

Breathing rate is the number of times we breathe

per minute. One breath involves one cycle of
inhalation and exhalation.
The rate of breathing is influenced by various
factors such as emotional or mental state,
physical activity and metabolic rate.
Activity 10.3

Number the pictures . Can

you say in which activity
rate of breathing will be
fastest and in which it will
be slowest?
MECHANISM OF BREATHING
MECHANISM OF BRATHING
INHALATION
1. Sternum is being pulled
out.
2. Ribcage is pulled upward
and outward.
3. The diaphragm muscles
contract and are flattened.
4. The volume of chest
cavity increases leading to
its enlargement.
5. Air rich in oxygen is
forced into the lungs
through the nose.
EXHALATION
1. Sternum is being pulled in.
2. Ribcage is pulled
downward and inward.
3. The diaphragm muscles
relax and return to dome-
shape.
4. The volume of chest cavity
decreases.
5. Air rich in carbon dioxide
is forced out the lungs.
Diagram of inhalation and
exhalation
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
ACTIVITY 10.6
Model of human lungs

Materials required:
• Plastic bottle
• Lid
• Balloons (3)
• Cellotape
• Straw 2
Breathing in other animals
1. COCKROACH
Insects like cockroaches have special air
holes on their body surface called spiracles.
The spiracles are connected to a network of
air tubes inside its body called trachea.

Oxygen rich air rushes through spiracles into

the tracheal tubes, diffuses into the body
tissues, and reaches every cell of the body.
Similarly, carbon dioxide goes into the
tracheal tubes and moves out through
spiracles.
2. Earthworm
Do you remember ho earthworms breathe??
Recall from ch-9 (grade-6)

They breathe through their moist skin.

Gases can easily pass through them.
Exchange of gases takes place through he surface of the skin that
are richly supplied with blood capillaries.
3. AQUATIC ANIMALS
Aquatic animals breathe through
special organs called gills.
They are adapted to take up the
oxygen dissolved in water.
Each gill consists of gill arch, which
bears a double row of thin called
filaments, gill filaments that are
richly supplied with blood capillaries.
water entering the mouth , flows over
the gills.
The blood capillaries absorb oxygen
from water and give out carbon
dioxide through the process of
diffusion.
Respiration in plants
Plants use atmospheric oxygen
to breakdown glucose i.e the
All living cells of root,
food produced during stem and leaf take in
photosynthesis. oxygen independently
and give out carbon
Majority of gaseous exchange in
dioxide.
plants take place by the simple Respiration occurs at a
much slower rate
process of diffusion through
small openings called stomata.
Thank you