Students would bemade to place their finger over the
Student runs the student application and
sensor so as to mark their presence in the class. It can
communicate with a host computer using its USB
interface. After feeding the student list to the
device.1 st
class students have toregister their
fingerprint by selecting roll number and placing their
finger. From 2nd class onwards, they can mark their
attendance. The attendance details can be updated
using the GUI application.[34].Once registered, the
student card can then be used by flashing it to the
RFID Reader to record the student attendance.the log
data, which include the current timestamp, is also
recorded. Data Reporter component sothat it is able
to fetch log data from RFID Reader and pass it to
Data Collector.[35]. Taking attendance
simultaneously gets stored in EEPROM in
accordance with subject, date and time. This stored
data can then be send to its local server either via
ZigBee. A local server with ZigBee for monitoring
all the devices in its network and updating website
with daily attendance records.[36].The application
needs to be installed first on the user’s Android based
a start button should be clicked to activate the
scanner application. The scanner application will be
opened and ready to use the phone’s camera to detect
and capture the barcode, printed on the student’s card
. The captured student ID (from the barcode) will be
matched with the student IDs from the student list. A
matching student ID will then be marked with the
current timestamp. The updated students attendance
list can then be uploaded to the server or saved as a
file to be transferred to a PC.[37].Student walks into
class with his NFC Tag. Teacher sets Attendance
Application, selects Lectureand Time and starts M-
Attendance. Students' Tag is detected and his ID is
added to queue he walks into the class and taps his
phone lNFC tag to the teacher's phone or a classroom
phone.
verifies his Tag and receives OTP as SMS on his
registered Mobile Number. Student Enters OTP
through college Wi-Fi and verifies his Identity and
Presence in class. After the lecture is done, teacher
ends class on the Attendance Application.As students
leave, their tags are detected again and their
attendance is marked 'P' Present.[38].User need to
provide details like course, branch, batch, semester
etc. After fetching the list, user can record students'
present status in the toggle button provided with each
name. At the end the total of present and absent
students are calculated and displayed
beforesubmission . When the 'Update' button is
clicked the data will get stored to the local database .
[39].The users or employee can do attendance from
their own smartphone after they downloadand
installapplication and register their smartphone to
administrator. When they do attendance, the
application will send the information such as GPS
coordinate, date and time, unique number of android
operating system and the fingerprint or voice for
authentication to parser. Ifthe authentication process
success. Attendance will be marked.[40].When a
student enters the application and selects the course,
his voiceprint would firstly be captured and sent to
the voice recognition server for verification. If it is
passed, the app would form a message containing
student’s info with cellphone’s current location and
send it to the attendance collecting server. After
receiving the message, the server needs to ensure it to
be valid and genuine. Then the server would calculate
and check the distance between student and course
location. If the distance check is successful, the
attendance records would be finally submitted to the
database.[41].Group members need to enter personal
information, such as name, student number, contact
information, personal photos.After that Four- bit
code, GPS and facial recognition technologies are
used in the student attendance recording,which
improve the efficiency of management and reduce the
inimical emotion of students.Attendance recording
APP is developed based on Android platform and the
functions of this APP is extended to provide more
services to users.[42].Student need to enter personal
information the photo is sent to the cloud server for
face detection and recognition processing. The results
are saved into a database together with all the
reachable data. Each course has a unique six
character code. The teacher can share this code with
his/her students so they can access their attendance
results via the student application. When a student
adds his/her parents, they are automatically able to
see the attendance results.[43].Student details are
entered through keypad and are stored into the
memory used in the WFT with their corresponding
roll numbers. This is one time process and is
executed only once at the beginning of an academic
year database is referred to as WFT database .These
data transfers require an IP address in order to
connect to the Internet. The WFT gets an IP address
assigned to it by using Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
network interface. During the verification phase, the
finger print verification is done to record the student
attendance.[44].Student Attendance System ensures
the access the application system. Anyone without ID
and password can’t the framework. Save the data in
the web server as well as phone server.The
percentage less than 60% is marked by red color and
others marked as green.The MySQL database is
placed in web server which ensures the remote store
of attendance. Print details of the attendance, send
SMS, and send an email.[45]. Information of the
students along with their photographs linked via
cloud.activate button on the window application is
selected by the faculty to activate the camera. The
camera in turn scans the students and matches the
scanned data with the one stored in the database and
will thereby mark the attendance of the recognized
faces. The whole process is integrated on cloud.
[46].Fisherfaces algorithm was used to create
templates of the faces that were captured.
Databasestored the created templates.The acquired
images werecompared with face templates stored in
the database. attendance reports were sent via a
cellular network to designated handheld devices.
[47].fingerprint-based attendance-integrated portal
system. Required to enroll using their thumb and
index fingers only. The fingerprint recognition is
carried out with any off-the-shelf.All users can access
the portal system on their desktop, laptop or mobile
devices. Then attendance will be mark.[48].Users
must install APK files on their smartphones and set
up office coordinates and their fingerprint input to the
system. Users log in using fingerprints, the data will
automatically be sent to a database that can be
accessed from anywhere via the Android application,
through the website and automatically sent via
Multimedia Messaging Service. The GSM module on
this system has the function to send MMS to the user
about location data automatically.[49].Each student is
then required to speak out his unique identification
number (UIN) to the device, in order to authenticate
his/her presence. The server receives the UIN and the
status and proceeds to update the records present. The
command of each student is translated and necessary
sequence of data is streamed to the server.
[50].Register the student’s Bluetooth devices in the
application . In this phase the application will extract
the MAC address of student’s devices.The details of
this registration will be saved in the database.When
the teacher calls for the attendance, all the students
just have to enable the Bluetooth of their mobile. The
application will sense only the pre-registered devices
and it will mark attendance.[51].The image features
are extracted using LBPs algorithm.compares the
extracted features with the trained datasets. Based on
the results the prototype door will open for the
recognized student within the time frame by using a
servo motor. By clicking letter 'c' as in capture on the
keyboard system.the attendance results are stored in
MySQL database, so it can be accessible to the web
server.[52].Employee scans the NFC card, all details
of the employee attendance . ID, photo, date, time-in
and time-out is transmitted using NFC
communication modes. The employee’s identity is
searched in the database with the scanned data. The
system then validates the person information and
marks the presence with the current data and time.
[53].
Face is detected after being matched with stored
data.it shows the face with identification number.
Next stage is to show ID card to the reader, LCD
display. After that as he crosses the first IR sensor to
get in the class, count goes up. This counted number
will be displayed on LCD.As the students leave the
class room crossing another IR sensor, count goes
down and is played on LCD.[54].Student stands on
the platform over the load sensor and scans his RFID.
Student’s RFID Card stores student id, student’s
weight and height.Information is used to detect an
individual student using a unique non-biometric
verification system referred as NB Verification.If any
misshape or attempt to give proxy gets caught by the
verification system, the buzzer goes up and the
display shows information about the incident.
[55].The motion sensor is attached with camera
whenever motion is detected motion sensor activates
the camera and it will start recording of the person.
sequence of continuous image are extracted. It will
compare to the database. Feature extraction is done.
After the face recognition if the image is recognized
the attendance is marked. If the image is not matched
attendance mark as a absent.[56]. Face recognition
attendance systems can proved to be secure and
efficient and it is easy to take attendance. The flow of
the process is to capture the image using pi-camera,
the second process is to create database ,the face is
detected and Pre-processed to collect the information
and store it in the cloud and the last process is to
detect the face Recognition and Classification.
[57]“Drive Thru” attendance system for staff UPSI
by using RFID will be created in software and
hardware. The hardware circuit included PIC
16F877A that be connected to the RFID reader
RFID-IDR-232N. The ID will be stored and the tag
will be detected by the reader and validation
attendance will be display on the LCD display. [58]
The system process flow is to start the program with
the installation and open the application that is
installed to set the longitude & radius of the area and
set the IP address to the system. The mobile server
app is used to track the location of the employee
whether the he/she is with in the range of GPS.[59]
Starts the process of transferring the data in SPIFFS
to the online database. Teacher to place their finger
on the FPS to confirm their identity. Once the
teacher’s ID is confirmed, the pod can then be handed
over to the students who would use their fingers to
register their attendance. The attendance information
is saved on the on-board the flash memory into a txt
file called “teachertid.txt”.[60].Students registered in
the application, they have to confirm their fingerprint
photos. This fingerprint photo will be saved in the
database. ZKTeco ZK4500 fingerprint reader that is
installed in the smart classroom.student press on the
scan fingerprint bottom, it will show him/her the
fingerprint photo that is registered in the database at
the first.When a lecturer press on the scan fingerprint
bottom, he/she will be able to see all his/her students
fingerprints and make sure that all students confirm
their fingerprints photos.[61].The student’s can
register themselves through the User Interface
provided.The students can scan the RFID card.when
the student’slog their attendance daily by flashing
their RFID cards in frontof the card reading module.
The attendance gets recordedwhich can be fetched by
the Administrator to view the details of time when
the student has entered the institution.[62].Student
database is for storing the details of the
student.System will have a high-definition camera
installed outside the classroom. Students will access
to enter the classroom, by scanning their faces in that
camera. Anothercamera will be installed inside the
classroom in that every student in the class will be
visible to the lens of thecamera. Facial detection and
recognition algorithms will beapplied to both the
cameras to analyze the faces and marktheir
attendance accordingly.[63].The camera acquisition
terminal is installed in the classroom. Its main
function is to collect real-time studentportrait videos
in the classroom, and transmit the collectedportrait
videos to the server through the line for storage
andprocessing. The main function of the server is to
segmentthe video information of the human image
obtained by thecamera.Filter and improve the
recognition results using multi-frame images.After
that compare the image and attendance will be
provided.[64].Use fingerprint scanner-based sensing
mechanismStoring student’s attendance in the cloud
instead ofany local system to avoid any storage
issue.Automatic record generation on the spreadsheet
andre- porting of attendance.Automatic reporting to
parents through SMS when thestudent is
absent.Attendance record available to the student in
real timeon the Mobile App.Web Application based
enrollment of fingerprints.[65].Face detection done
by camera inside theclassroom, next is extraction of
image captured and finalprocess is recognition of
image which facial through ourimage segmentation
by eigen vector implementation.Record Attendance
On Power Supply and Send Data to Cloud.[66].Store
the data in cloud. Face Recognition for Automatic
Class Attendance after integration testing. Face API
provides a series of features which isface verification,
finding similar face and face group. And then it will
give the attendance data will be stored in cloud.
[67].This camera model is named as Horizontally
Float-able Dynamic Camera Model.camera
model(HFDCM) will also help to take snapshots of
visible facesinside the class more efficiently.camera
model can cover up to 20 students. attendance will be
mark as presentwho all are in the class. Store the data
base.[68].Google Drive account which issigned in
both on the smartphone as well as on
thedesktop/laptop.Create a new cloud platform
project and enable theDrive API by going to the web
link.Download thecredentials.json file to the
project’sroot folder. The credentials.json file contains
all the requiredinformation.it will detect the students
face and store the data to file.[69]. This model
explains an IoT-based Automatic Attendance System
(called IAAS)and it is to provide a reliable and
improved automatic attendance checking system with
face recognition technologies and trained data with
Haar-cascade to extract a user’s face data. The system
used is SRGAN, MTCNN, and Google net. [70] 3
methods analyze the face detection area, Histogram
Oriented Gradients(HOG), Viola-Jones (Haar
cascade), and Convolution Neural Network(CNN)it is
working on the bases of based viola-jones and CNN
is used for the attendance management system. First,
the image is captured in real-time and the Video is
segmented into frames. Pre-processing is applied to
remove redundancy in captured images and the face
is detected using Viola- jones (Haar cascade).
[71]The system design is divided into 3 functional
modules are information entry, attendance check-in
and attendance record and the ORL (Olivetti
Research Laboratory) face database is used to
conduct experiment and in the training stage the face
image is extracted with LBP feature and histogram .
[72] In this method, the detection part contains the
MTCNN algorithm, the face recognition part contains
the face net algorithm, and the implementation part
contains the Tensor Flow framework, the liveness
detection part contains the ERT algorithm.  [73]The
smart attendance management system the
requirements are Students Enrolment details with
image and Detecting , Recognizing the face, Camera
view with confirmation , Recording the attendance.
The first process/Stalling , Students enrolment with
trained images and the camera has a high resolution
camera at the front of classroom and ensure Student
face visibility. [74]This model uses the three types as
Face Detection and Localization, Face Embedding
Model, and Triplet Loss. The triplet loss is used in
Face Embedding Model and it achieves the following
goals as, Two instances with identical labels have
their close proximity in the embedding space and
Two specimens with unlike labels have their
embeddings far off. [75] This system has a correct
accuracy, based on trials ,and the need for a reliable,
cost effective, automated attendance system and it
can also be updated to data acquisition systems based
on it's cost efficient and feasible. The technology can
used added to the system is face recognition system
implementation ,and to avoid fingerprint, use radio
frequency identification technology, improve issues
of security. [76] The system uses various tools and
techniques in creating an online attendance system
using QR code and the operation of the system. A QR
Code has two-dimensional barcode is readable by
smart phones and. consists of two main activities,
data management and attendance records. The coding
is accomplished by small packages, then merging into
larger software packages and testing. The entire
interface is designed to be responsive to all devices.
[77] This system is done to compare the performance
of an attendance server which will be cost-effective
but also reliable in reduce the cost, users are
connected to the biometric attendance device with a
local server where the data is updated instantly. This
devices produce multiple data for a single user on a
specific day as the data fetched from the internal
memory of the respective device and the framework
requires a marginal power to drive the system. [78]
This system is designed by combining VB, VC++
programming language and MySQL database . The
system checking management platform was
established on the classroom teacher’s computer, and
the attendance information was stored in the database
of the server. The system design contains three are
lower computer design, Upper Computer Design ,
Database Design, and data transmission. [79] This
system uses Python Libraries as, Tkinter, Pandas,
Open CV, PILLOW, Openpy XL. The flow of
program is to start the GUI Application and enter the
details of the Enrolling person and the images taken
using Button in detail of the person get stored into
the particular file path mentioned in the program and
the captured images are compared with the details
stored in the folder. [80] This system presents a
location-controlled attendance recording method, that
is developed by a mobile APP named MstarC. So,
the users can use the APP to log in the attendance
recording system by smart phone. It is easy access
able to the teacher opens the signature function as
required at any time in class, so the students can
submit the attendance information and location
coordinates through M-starC APP. [81] The
implement of crossing numbers not only applied to
the attendance system but also applied for
surveillance technology using Unmanned Aerial
Vehicles (UAVs), based on the polygon area
predetermined. The technology combined with IoT
for various services such as military, smart city,
agriculture, and many more are used in it. A
combination of the fingerprint with a GPS sensor of
the smartphone could track to the attended user
location. [82] This system is developed to avoid the
manual systems, the automated systems are
developed using radio frequency identification-based
scanning, fingerprint scanning, Face-recognition, and
Iris scanning based biometric systems are used. For
the face detection the algorithm and classifiers’ are
used as HAAR-like Features works on similar
models as Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG)
and Local Binary Patterns (LBP). HAAR-like
Features, Integral Image, AdaBoost Algorithm,
Cascade Classifiers. For face Recognition
Convolution Neural Network (CNN)is optimistic and
systematic tool for image recognition the Viola-Jones
algorithm to detect human faces in an image. [83] In
this software development . In the hardware
development optical fingerprint sensors are used to
take low-resolution ,AS608 fingerprint sensor is used
to have the capability of sorting 128 distinct
fingerprints on board integrated with an ESP8266
NodeMCU micro-controller. In the software
development there are three dashboards of the
website for three types of users (Admin, Student, and
Teacher). HTML,CSS, Bootstrap, and JavaScript are
used for front-end development and Firebase is used
for back-end development of the website. JavaScript
is used for complex designs. [84] This system is
separated into three parts, single image to image set,
MTCNN for face detection, and C2D-CNN for face
recognition. The Single Image to Image SetC-Net is
used after R-Net predicts pose and lighting. The
MTCNN for Face Detection is good for medium and
small face detection. [85] The system is to design an
Android-based attendance application using GPS
online. The GPS on the smart phone will monitor the
user's position so that it can be used to find out the
position of attendance and it is used mobile phone
number and Mac address of the employee's cell
phone will be recorded in the system and become the
employee ID. [86] The system can be grouped into
four main stages. These are Data Entry, Dataset
Training, Face Recognition, Attendance Entry. The
Data Entry is the first step is to include the faces of
the students in the system for creating a dataset. The
Dataset Training is step is automatically done after
the Data Entry stage period . [87] In this system a
software system automating the attendance-taking
scheme is used and it integrates face detection, image
processing and face recognition . In the system, an
end user has to first log in and subsequently, an IP
camera gets turned on, and the camera starts taking
photographs of the classroom and the user can also
manually upload images in this system .The
Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) approach
and the Local Binary Patterns Histograms (LBPH)
method is chosen. [88] The system uses the presence
of facial recognition technology is one of the
solutions used to record student attendance. The
technologies used in recording student attendance
include face recognition technology through
Computer Vision and Matlab of the system.
Computer Vision is Digital Image Processing so that
computers can see an object like humans know an
object . [89] The system flow is to take the
attendance that input is obtained from a Biometric
sensor which is connected to a mobile or any existing
biometric device. The App is built using the
Makeroid- Kodular, which is an advanced version of
MIT app and the App processes the data obtained
from the sensor and sends it to the Google Apps
script which is deployed in the Kodular.and all the
informations are stored in google spreadsheet. [90]
The verification process is the combination of RFID
based IoT technology and the machine learning
algorithm. Also, the attendance system will be
notified to the parents of the students in case of
absence. The major components of this system are
RFID tag, RFID reader, GSM module, and camera
module. A Multi-task Cascaded Convolution
Network (MTCNN) model is used for the face
detection of the students. [91] The process of
Attendance and information sensing for the Student /
Staff will move in range of the readers with their
respective Smart Cards. Receiving the data at the
reader will be sent to the thing speak where the
complete raw data can be set a format form thing
speak api into the webpage for user view.
Information will send to database to store and can be
seen in webpage and accessed at any time through
webpage.[92]This scheme architecture consists of
Participating devices that is Wi-Fi-enabled devices,
Wireless access points are located within the school
to remote server collocates the RSSI reading received
from a student’s Wi-Fi-enabled device and
determines whether the students are present or absent.
The flow of process is when a student enters a
classroom as per the server instructs the student’s
device to scan and sends the needed information to
the server in the form of RSSI values. [93]This
system the Internet of Things (IoT) is used as
attendance system on mobile application using
Android platform. The database that stored student
information and attendance records. It has the user
interface displayed the attendance records and ease to
managed by lecturers or system administrators and it
uses Amazon Web Services (AWS) to create a virtual
cluster of computers accessible via internet. [94]The
requirements for the analysis of system are System
Design Positioning, Functional Requirements of the
of system ,and Non-functional Requirements of the
System. The Non-functional Requirements of the
System has , performance requirements ,operating
environment requirements ,database
requirements ,security requirements. The user group
of system is divided into three parts as, System
administrator ,General administrator, Staff. [95]This
system consists of user devices and the application
server. The application server compares the
measurements and decides whether student devices
are within room level proximity to the instructor
device or not based on that the attendance decisions
are made and sent to the instructor device. [96] The
system process is to take image or the video is
captured when the student enrolls with name and roll
number of that particular student and after taking the
data it is updated in the database. The model will
train images by using the images stored in the dataset
and with the help of applying LBP algorithm and
result is obtained as decimal number for each block
and the Attendance Marking is done whether present
or absent. [97] The system has two objectives, the
first is to register, record and maintain attendance of
students using RFID tag and Website and the second
is to monitor a student’s location by installing RFID
readers at different locations within the campus such
as in the canteen, library, college gates etc. [98] RFID
is a wireless equipment that identify as RFID tag, or
label for sending data to RFID reader via radio
waves. The Arduino UNO receives authentication
data, which is then sent through an Ethernet module,
to Google Spreadsheets in order to store and access
data in real time. [99]