SEMESTER 1_DHV 10034

BIOLOGY
DHV 10034
Module
3.3 Genetic Information
3.4 Membrane
3.5 Nuclues
3.6 Protein Structure and Function in the Cell
3.7 Bioenergetics
3.8 Cell Communication and Signaling
3.9 Cell Cycle

**Max 3 persons per group

3.3 GENETIC INFORMATION

1. DNA stands for …………………………………………………

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2. DNA is the cellular structure of polymer known as ……………………………………This

polymer is made up from a monomer known as………………………………..

3. The monomer mentioned in Question 2 is made up from 3 components. Draw the

monomer as a whole and label each components that make up the monomer.

4. Adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine are known as ………………………………………

5. Adenine will pair with …………………. Meanwhile. Thymine will pair with …………………

7. Describe the structure of DNA?

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8. Where is DNA located?

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9. Central Dogma of Biology tells you how DNA become protein. There are three general
process included in Central Dogma of Biology: DNA Replication, Transcription and
Translation. With the aid of diagram, briefly describe each of the process.
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4. How does DNA difference from RNA?

MONOMER
5 CARBON SUGAR
INVOLVED
NITROGEN CONTAINING
BASE
STRUCTURE
PROCESS

LOCATION IN CELL IT
CAN BE FOUND

3.4 MEMBRANE

1. Draw and label a general structure of cell membrane.

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2. What is other name of cell membrane?

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3. What are the macromolecules that make up membranes?

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4. What is the function of cell membrane?

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5. How is the structure of cell membrane?

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6. What does it means with Fluid Mosaic Model?

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7. What is membrane protein?

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8. What are the two types of membrane protein? Describe each structure.

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9. What are the functions of membrane protein?

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3.5 NUCLUES

1. Draw and label a structure of nucleus. The structure should consists: nuclear envelope,
nuclear pore, nucleolus and chromatin.

2. Describe the function of each structure labelled in the diagram above.

Nuclear Envelope

Nuclear Pore

Nucleolus

Chromatin

3. What are the functions of nucleus?

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3.6 Protein Structure and Function in the Cell

1. Amino acid is the monomer of protein. Illustrate a diagram of amino acid and label the
structure of hydrogen, amino group, carboxyl group and side chain.
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2. Chains of amino acid are linked together by a bond. Name the bond.

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3. Illustrate the four types of protein structure.

4. The function of a protein is only expressed when the protein has achieved its three-
dimensional shape. Mutation could cause the misfolding of protein. An error in protein
conformation can lead to disease. Therefore it is important for protein to maintain its 3D
shape. How do you explain the relation of protein misfolding and diseases such as
Alzheimer and Parkinson?

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3.7 Bioenergetics

1. Define Bioenergetics.
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2. There are two types of energy. State and describe each type with an example.
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3. In cellular reaction, energy is provided in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Draw
and label the structure of ATP. Include all the components of ATP (adenine nitrogen base,
ribose sugar and chains of phosphate group)

4. From the structure of ATP, explain any similarities or differences when compared to
nucleotide of RNA.
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5. Since ATP is the energy provided in the cellular reaction, which component of the ATP
actually provide the energy?
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6. Involvement of ATP in the body are by the process known as dehydration and hydrolysis
of ATP. Explain your understanding about these process that occur in the cell.
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7. Define metabolism
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8. Illustrate your understanding on the metabolic reaction that occur in the body.
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3.8 Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

There are two types of cell signalling. Local and long distance cell signalling. Sketch your understanding on the diagram about each category
stated on the diagram. (Simple description only. You may provide example, meaning)

Types of
Cell Signaling

Long Distance
Local Signaling
Signaling

Hormonal
Direct contact
Signaling

Paracrine
Signaling

Synaptic
Signaling
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3.9 Cell Cycle

1.

This figure shows a process of cell division. Describe about the process in your
own words.

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2. The process of cell division occur repeatedly, thus it is called cell cycle. There are
differences in the cell division between eukaryote and prokaryote. Which organism
possessed complicated process of cell division? Explain your answer by stating the
differences involved in the cell cycle of eukaryote and prokaryote.
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3. The diagram below is a cell cycle known as mitosis. There are two major phases involved which are Interphase and Mitotic phase. In both
major phases, there are further divided into few more phases. Briefly describe (sketch your description besides the phases available in the
diagram) each phases involve in the cycle (Interphase: G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase and Mitotic phase: mitosis and cytokinesis).
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4. What is cytokinesis?
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5. How cytokinesis of animal cell different from plant cell?

Animal Cell Plant Cell

6. What is meiosis?
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7. How to differentiate mitosis from meiosis?

Mitosis Criteria Meiosis

Crossing over

Types of cells involved

Name and number of

division

Number of daughter cell

produced

Genetically identical?
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8. Illustrate with description, how prokaryote divide?

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NOTE
(You can use this section for any additional sketch notes/scribble answers/questions need to be asked
during lecture session)