Unit 2 Physics Grade 8 Lecture Slide

Unit 2.
Motion in One Dimension

Revision - Grade 7
2.1 Force in Physics
2.2 Motion in One Dimension
2.3 Representation of Uniform Motion and Uniformly Accelerated Motion Using Tables and Graphs
Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension
Mr. Behailu Fekade
Lycee G/Mariam
February 15, 2022
Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Revision - Grade 7
Main Contents
Unit Outcomes
Main Contents
This unit has 3 subtopics.

2.3 Representation of Uniform Motion and Uniformly Accelerated Motion Using
Tables and Graphs
Summary
Review Exercises

Revision - Grade 7
Main Contents
Unit Outcomes
Unit Outcomes
After completing this unit you should be able to:

Understand concepts related to force and uniform motion
Develop skill of manipulating problems related to statics and uniform motion
Appreciate the interrelatedness of all things
Use a wide range of possibilities for developing knowledge of the major concepts
within physics

Definition of Motion
Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Distance and Displacement
Speed and Velocity
Motion
An object is in motion when its distance from another object is changing.
Whether an object is moving or not depends on your point of view.
For example,
a woman riding on a bus is not moving in relation to the seat
she is sitting on, but she is moving in relation to the buildings
the bus passes.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Motion
A reference point is a place or object used for comparison to determine if
something is in motion.
An object is in motion if it changes position relative to a reference point.
You assume that the reference point is stationary, or not moving.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Motion
Motion is a continuous change in position of an object relative to the position
of a fixed object called reference frame.
An object is moving if its position relative to a fixed point is changing.
The concepts of rest and motion are completely relative; a body at rest in one
reference frame may be in motion in another reference frame.
Even things that appear to be at rest move.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Motion
Example:
A person A traveling in a train is in motion for a person B who
is standing outside. But person A is not literally moving.
Although you may be at rest relative to Earth’s surface, you’re
moving about 100,000 km/h relative to the sun.
A book that is at rest, relative to the table it lies on, is moving
at about 30 kilometers per second relative to the sun.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Activity 0.
1 How do you define motion?
a. When do we say that something is moving or in motion?
b. When do we say that something is not moving or at rest or
stationary?
2 Consider a woman riding in a bus:
a. Is she moving or in motion?
b. Is she not moving or at rest or stationary?
3 Consider a book lies on a table:
a. Is it moving or in motion?
b. Is it not moving or at rest or stationary?

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Types of Motion
Based on the path followed, a motion is classified into four types.
The followings are types of motion of a body.
1 Rectilinear motion
2 Curvilinear motion
3 Rotary motion
4 Vibratory motion

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Rectilinear motion
1 Rectilinear motion
Rectilinear motion is the motion of a body along a straight line.
Examples:
Motion of a car along a straight level road,
A falling ball from a certain height.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Curvilinear motion
1 Curvilinear motion
Curvilinear Motion is the motion of a body along a curved
path.
Examples:
Motion of a car around a circular path,
The motion of a ball thrown horizontally from a certain height,
The motion of the moon around the earth.
Note: Circular motion is a special case of curvilinear motion,
in which the body moves along a circular path.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Rotary motion
1 Rotary motion
Rotary motion is the motion of a body about an axis.
Examples
The motion of the second or minute hand of a wrist watch,
The motion of a wheel of a car.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Vibratory motion
1 Vibratory motion
Vibratory motion is a ’to and fro’ or back and forth or up and
down motion of a body.
This motion does not have constant velocity.
Examples
The motion of a pendulum,
The motion of objects suspended on a spring,
Water wave, etc.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Note:
Both rotary and vibrational motions are periodic motions.
Periodic motions can have constant or non-constant velocities and they repeat
themselves.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Motion along straight line path is known as a rectilinear motion.

The term ‘distance’ to mean how far a body has moved and ‘displacement’ as
how far a body has moved in a particular direction.
From these definitions you should be able to deduce that distance is a scalar
quantity while displacement is a vector quantity.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Distance (S)
Distance (S) is a physical quantity which describes the length between two
points (places).
It is the total path length traveled by a body.
It depends on the path followed.
The SI unit of distance is meter (m) and its symbol is ”S”.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
→
−
Displacement ( S )
−
→
Displacement ( S ) is the shortest distance between the initial and final
positions of the body.
Hence a displacement is the straight path having a fixed direction or the
shortest distance in a specified direction.
The SI unit of displacement is the same as the SI unit of distance that is meter
(m).
−
→
The symbol of displacement is S , with an arrow on the head of S.
Displacement is independent of the path followed.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Example: Leul walked 300 m from A to B and returned back and walked 200 m and
then stopped at C.
1 What is the total distance covered by Leul?
2 What is his change in position from A to C?

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution: Leul walked 300 m from A to B and returned back and walked 200 m and
then stopped at C.
1 S = 300m + 200m = 500m
−
→
2 S = 100m to the right

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Activity 1. A physics teacher walks 4 meters east, 2 meters south, 4 meters west,
and finally 2 meters north as shown in the diagram below.
1 What is the total distance covered by the teacher?

2 What is the teacher’s change in position? Or Displacement?

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution: A physics teacher walks 4 meters east, 2 meters south, 4 meters west, and
finally 2 meters north as shown in the diagram below.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
S = 4m + 2m + 4m + 2m = 12m

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
S = 4m + 2m + 4m + 2m = 12m
The physics teacher has walked a total distance of 12 meters.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
S = 4m + 2m + 4m + 2m = 12m

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
S = 4m + 2m + 4m + 2m = 12m
−
→
S = 0m

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
S = 4m + 2m + 4m + 2m = 12m
−
→
S = 0m
There is no displacement for the motion.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Exercise 1
1 What is the displacement and distance of the cross-country team if they begin
at the school, run 10 miles and finish back at the school?
2 An object is moving along a circular track of radius 2m with uniform speed.
Find
a) the distance
b) the displacement
3 Under what condition is displacement equal to the distance?
4 Kaleb walked 500 m from A to B and returned back and walked 400 m and then
stopped at C.
a) What is the total distance covered by Kaleb?
b) What is her change in position from A to C?

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Speed and Velocity

In everyday usage, the terms speed and velocity are interchangeable.
In physics, however, there is a clear distinction between these two quantities.
The term ‘Speed’ a scalar quantity, and ‘Velocity’, a vector quantity.
Both Speed and velocity tell the rate at which a body moves but the latter
term also tells the direction.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Speed (V)
Speed is a quantity that describes how fast a body moves.
It is a scalar quantity that refers to ”how fast an object is moving”.
Speed can be thought of as the rate at which an object covers distance.
Its symbol is ”V”.
The SI unit of speed is meter per second (m/s).

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Speed (V)
How to convert m/s to Km/h and vice versa
Km/h =⇒ m/s (Divide the given number by 3.6)
36km/hr
For example:36km/hr = 3.6
= 10m/s.
m/s =⇒ Km/h (Multiply the given number by 3.6)
For example: 25m/s = 25m/s × 3.6 = 90km/hr .

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
If you know the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time, you can
calculate the speed of the object.
The speed of an object is the distance the object travels in one unit of time.
To calculate the speed of an object, divide the distance the object travels by the
amount of time it takes to travel that distance.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
A simple equation linking speed, time and distance;
distance
Speed =
time
S S
V = =⇒ S = V × t and t =
t V

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Example: Suppose four students. Heran, Andorra, Mariamawit and Aleena are
running a 100m race. Heran takes 12s, Aleena takes 13s, Mariamawit takes 14s and
Andorra takes 15s to finish the race.
1 Calculate their speeds and record them on the chart given below.
Name Distance (m) Time (s) Speed (m/s)
Heran
Andorra
Mariamawit
Aleena
2 From the chart find:
a. Who is the fastest runner?
b. Who is the slowest runner?
c. What can you conclude about the relationship between speed
and time?

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution:
1. Calculate their speeds and record them on the chart given below.
Name Distance (m) Time (s) Speed (m/s)
100m
Heran 100m 12s S
t
= 12s
= 8.33m/s
100m
Andorra 100m 15s S
t
= 15s
= 6.67m/s
100m
Mariamawit 100m 14s S
t
= 14s
= 7.14m/s
100m
Aleena 100m 13s S
t
= 13s
= 7.69m/s

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
2. From the chart find:

a. Who is the fastest runner? Heran
b. Who is the slowest runner? Andorra
c. What can you conclude about the relationship between speed
and time?
Speed and time can be inversely proportional; as the speed
increases, time taken to complete the journey will decrease.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Average speed (Vav )

In reality, a moving body does not have a uniform speed throughout its motion.
Sometimes the body will speed up, sometimes it will go at a constant speed and
at other times it may slowdown.
For this reason the speed you calculate is an average speed.
Average speed (Vav ) is the ratio of the total distance to the total time taken.
Average speed (Vav ) is the total distance divided by the total time taken.
Total distance
Average speed =
Total time
ST
Vav =
tT

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Activity 2
1 Tirunesh Dibaba covers a distance of 5000m in 14.5 minutes. Calculate the
average speed of Tirunesh in m/s.
2 A bus is moving in a straight line at a speed of 25m/s. What time does the bus
take to cover 5km?
3 Convert 20 m/s to km/hr.
4 Convert 60 km/hr to m/s.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution 1:
1. Given S = 25Km = 5000m and t = 14.5min = 14.5 × 60 = 870s

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution 1:
Total distance
Average speed =
Total time

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution 1:
Total distance
Average speed =
Total time
ST
Vav =
tT

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution 1:
Total distance
Average speed =
Total time
ST
Vav =
tT
5000m
=
870s

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution 1:
Total distance
Average speed =
Total time
ST
Vav =
tT
5000m
=
870s
= 8.75m/s

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
2. Given V = 25m/s and S = 25Km = 5000m

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
distance
Speed =
time

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
distance
Speed =
time
S
V =
t

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
distance
Speed =
time
S
V =
t
S
t=
V

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
distance
Speed =
time
S
V =
t
S
t=
V
5000m
t=
25m/s

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
3. To convert 20 m/s to km/hr, we multiple the given number by 3.6

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
20m/s = 20m/s × 3.6

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
20m/s = 20m/s × 3.6

= 72Km/h

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
4. To convert 60 km/hr to m/s, we divide the given number by 3.6

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
60km/hr
60km/hr =
3.6

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
60km/hr
60km/hr =
3.6
= 16.67m/s

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Exercise 2
1 Dina covers a distance of 8000m in 40 minutes. Calculate the average speed of
Dina in m/s.
2 A bus is moving in a straight line at a speed of 20m/s. What time does the bus
take to cover 4km?
3 Convert 40 m/s to km/hr.
4 Convert 360 km/hr to m/s.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
→
−
Velocity ( V )
Velocity is a physical quantity that describes how fast a body moves as well as
the direction in which it moves.
Hence, velocity is a vector quantity.
It is a vector quantity that refers to ”the rate at which an object changes its
position.”
Velocity is the rate of change of displacement i.e. it is the displacement covered
by the body per unit time.
−
→
Its symbol is ” V ” (v with an arrow on the head).
The SI unit of speed is meter per second (m/s).

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
→
−
Velocity ( V )
In physics, velocity is speed in a given direction.
When we say a car travels at 60 km/h, we are specifying its
speed.
When we say a car moves at 60 km/h to the north, we are
specifying its velocity.

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
A simple equation linking velocity, time and displacement;
displacement
Velocity =
time
−
→ −
→
−
→ S −
→ s
V = =⇒ −→
s = V × t and t = −
→
t V

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
→
−
Average velocity ( V av )
In reality, a moving body does not have a uniform velocity throughout its
motion.
For such motion whose velocity is not constant, velocity you calculate is an
average velocity.
−
→
Average velocity ( V av ) is the ratio of the total displacement to the total time
taken.
−
→
Average velocity ( V av ) is the total displacement divided by the total time
taken.
Total displacement
Average velocity =
Total time
−
→
−
→ ST
V av =
tT

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Activity 3
1 A car moves at a speed of 20m/s for 120 seconds due East. What is the
displacement of the car?
2 A bus is moving due north for 2 hr and covered a distance of 72 km. What is
the velocity of the bus?

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution:
−
→
1. Given V = 20m/s due East and t = 120s

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution:
−
→
displacement
Velocity =
time

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution:
−
→
displacement
Velocity =
time
−
→
−
→ S
V =
t

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution:
−
→
displacement
Velocity =
time
−
→
−
→ S
V =
t
−
→ − →
S = V ×t

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution:
−
→
displacement
Velocity =
time
−
→
−
→ S
V =
t
−
→ − →
S = V ×t
= 20m/s × 120s

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution:
−
→
displacement
Velocity =
time
−
→
−
→ S
V =
t
−
→ − →
S = V ×t
= 20m/s × 120s
= 2400m, due East

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution:
−
→
displacement
Velocity =
time
−
→
−
→ S
V =
t
−
→ − →
S = V ×t
= 20m/s × 120s
= 2400m, due East
= 2.4Km, due East

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution:
−
→
2. Given S = 72km, due North and t = 2h

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution:
−
→
displacement
Velocity =
time

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution:
−
→
displacement
Velocity =
time
−
→
−
→ S
V =
t

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution:
−
→
displacement
Velocity =
time
−
→
−
→ S
V =
t
−−−→
−
→ 72km
V = , due North
2h

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Solution:
−
→
displacement
Velocity =
time
−
→
−
→ S
V =
t
−−−→
−
→ 72km
V = , due North
2h
= 36Km/h, due North

Revision - Grade 7
Types of Motion
Speed and Velocity
Exercise 3
1 A car moves at a speed of 10m/s for 240 seconds due East. What is the
displacement of the car?
2 A bus is moving due north for 3 hr and covered a distance of 210 km. What is
the velocity of the bus?

Introduction
Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension Force - Definition
Revision - Grade 7 Types of forces
2.1 Force in Physics Effects of a force
2.2 Motion in One Dimension Measuring a Force
2.3 Representation of Uniform Motion and Uniformly Accelerated Motion Using Tables
Describing and Graphs
a Force
Newton’s laws of motion
Introduction
The motion of bodies (relative to a chosen reference system) is either

uniform - its velocity won’t change or velocity is constant
accelerate - speed up or its velocity increases
decelerate - slow down or its velocity decreases
change in directions
In the last three cases, the velocities of moving bodies are changing. That is,
acceleration is produced.
To understand acceleration in its full sense you must know how it emerges or is
produced.

Introduction
a Force
Force - Definition
Force is a physical quantity that describes interactions between two bodies in

nature.
For example,
when you kick a ball,
tear a piece of paper,
hold your exercise book and
walk on the floor, you exerting or applying forces.
Hence, in physics the term ’force’ is used to describe a ’push’ or a ’pull’ exerted
on a body.

Introduction
a Force
Force - Definition
A force is a push or a pull exerted on a body by another body.

Introduction
a Force
Types of forces
Forces are classified into two broad categories known as:

i. Contact forces and
ii. Non-contact forces

Introduction
a Force
Types of forces
i. Contact forces
Contact forces are forces exerted when two objects are in
touch or contact.
For example:
a force exerted by a stretched or compressed spring.
an upward force exerted by a table on a box resting on it.

Introduction
a Force
Types of forces
ii. Non-contact forces

Non-contact forces are forces exerted without body contact.
They are forces acting at a distance.
For example:
Gravitational force,
Magnetic force and
Electrical forces

Introduction
a Force
Non contact force - How to Make Water Bend - Video
[1]
CLICK HERE

Introduction
a Force
Non contact force - A floating band - Video
[2]
CLICK HERE

Introduction
a Force
Types of forces

Introduction
a Force
Types of forces

Introduction
a Force
Effects of forces
A force has the following main effects, when it is exerted on an object:

i. It changes the shape and size of the objects.
ii. It changes the magnitude or direction of motion of the
objects.

Introduction
a Force
Effects of forces

The change in shape or size of a body is known as
deformation.
There are two types of deformation;
A. Permanent
B. Temporary

Introduction
a Force
Permanent Deformation - Inelastic
A. Permanent
Irreversible
Cannot be reversed even after the removal of the applied force.
An object that will not return to its original shape and size
after being squeezed, pressed, twisted or stretched is inelastic.
Example:
Tearing a piece of paper
Breaking a glass
Crushing an empty can

Introduction
a Force
Permanent Deformation - Inelastic

Introduction
a Force
Temporary Deformation - Elastic
B. Temporary
Reversible/Recoverable
An object that will return to its original shape and size after
being squeezed, pressed, twisted or stretched is elastic.
Can be reversed even after the removal of the applied force.
Example:
Squeezing a spring
Pressing a sponge
Stretching a rubber ban

Introduction
a Force
Temporary Deformation - Elastic

Introduction
a Force
Effects of forces
ii. It changes the magnitude or direction of motion of the objects.

i.e. when a force is exerted on a body:
a. stationary body starts to move
b. a moving body increases its speed,
c. a moving body decreases its speed and gradually stops moving
d. a moving body changes it direction.

Introduction
a Force
Effects of forces
A force has the following main effects, when it is exerted on an object:

ii. It changes the magnitude or direction of motion of the
objects.
i.e. when a force is exerted on a body:
a. stationary body starts to move
b. a moving body increases its speed,
c. a moving body decreases its speed and gradually stops moving
d. a moving body changes it direction.

Introduction
a Force
Measuring a Force
A force is measured using an instrument called a spring balance.

Newton meter is the scientific instrument used to measure a force.

Introduction
a Force
Measuring a Force
Figure: a spring balance

Introduction
a Force
Measuring a Force
Figure: Newton meter

Introduction
a Force
Describing a Force
A force is a vector quantity.

A vector quantity is a quantity which has both magnitude and
direction.
To fully describe the force acting upon an object, you must describe both its
magnitude and direction.
For example,
“10 N of force” is not a complete description of the force acting on an
object.
”10 N downwards” is a complete description of the force acting upon an
object.
The SI unit of force is Newton symbolized by N.
The unit Newton is named, after the great scientist Sir Isaac Newton.

Introduction
a Force
1 Newton’s First Law of Motion

2 Newton’s Second Law of Motion
3 Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Introduction
a Force
Newton’s First Law of Motion
A body moving with a constant velocity along a straight line will not increase or
decrease its speed unless an external force is applied on it.
These conditions led Newton to state the important law called Newton’s first
law of motion.
Newton’s first law of motion states that:
”an object continues in its state of rest or of uniform
motion in a straight line unless it is forced to change that
state by the application of an external force”
This means, in the absence of an external force, a body at rest will remain at
rest and a body in motion will continue its motion in a straight line with
uniform velocity.

Introduction
a Force
Newton’s First Law of Motion is also called the Law of Inertia.

Inertia is the property of a body to retain its state of rest or state of uniform
motion in a straight line in the absence of an external force.
To move a large mass, a large force is required for motion to begin; and if the
mass is small, a small force is required.
We use the term mass instead of inertia in this book.
Generally large masses have greater inertia and smaller masses have less inertia.

Introduction
a Force

Introduction
a Force

Introduction
a Force
Experiment on Newton’s Laws of Motion - Video
[3]
CLICK HERE

Introduction
a Force
Inertia and Mass - Video
[4]
CLICK HERE

Introduction
a Force
Newton’s First Law of Motion - Video
[5]
CLICK HERE

Introduction
a Force
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
Remember:
Newton’s first law describes the qualitative property of a force.
It describes how force changes the state of rest or uniform motion of a
mass of body.
In other words, it states that every change in the magnitude or direction
of a body’s velocity is caused by applying an external force.

Introduction
a Force
In Newton’s second law you will learn how to measure the magnitude of a force
required to bring a given body to rest or set in motion.
Mathematically you can state as follows:
Acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of a body for a given
applied force, i.e.
1
a∝
m
where:
’m’ is the mass of the body
‘a’ is the acceleration
∝ is proportionality symbol

Introduction
a Force
Newton’s second law of motion states that:

”the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the
force ‘(F)’ acting on the body and inversely proportional
to the mass(m) of the body.”
Mathematically expressed as:
Force(F )
Acceration(a) =
Mass(M)
Force = Mass × Acceration
F F
F = M × a or a = or M =
M a

Introduction
a Force
The SI unit of force is Newton, represented by ’N’.

1 N = 1 kg m/s2
1 Newton is the force needed to give an acceleration of 1m/s2
to a mass of 1kg.
This law is valid for objects ranging from the size of atoms to size beyond the
distances of galaxies and everything in between.
This is why Newton’s second law of motion is called the ‘universal law’.
It describes the way objects in the universe move.

Introduction
a Force
Activity 1
1 How large a force is required to set a 10 kg toy car in motion with an
acceleration of 2 m/s2?
2 A force of 30 N is applied on a box of unknown mass to set it with an
acceleration of 5m/s2. What is the mass of the box?
3 A girl pulls a box on a horizontal floor by applying a horizontal force of 100N.
The mass of the box is 20 kg. What is the acceleration of the box?
4 How much external force is required to accelerate a 1500 kg car at the rate of
6m/s2?

Introduction
a Force
Solution:
1. How large a force is required to set a 10 kg toy car in motion with an

F =M×a
F = 10kg × 2m/s 2
F = 20kg m/s 2
F = 20N

Introduction
a Force
Solution:
2. A force of 30 N is applied on a box of unknown mass to set it with an
Force
Mass =
Acceration
F
M=
a
30N
M=
5m/s 2
F = 6kg

Introduction
a Force
Solution:
3. A girl pulls a box on a horizontal floor by applying a horizontal force of 100N.
Force
Acceration =
Mass
F
a=
M
100N
a=
20kg
a = 5m/s 2

Introduction
a Force
Solution:
4. How much external force is required to accelerate a 1500 kg car at the rate of
6m/s2?

F =M×a
F = 1500kg × 6m/s 2
F = 9000kg m/s 2
F = 9000N

Introduction
a Force
Exercise 1
1 How large a force is required to set a 15 kg toy car in motion with an
2 A force of 20 N is applied on a box of unknown mass to set it with an
3 A girl pulls a box on a horizontal floor by applying a horizontal force of 200N.
4 How much external force is required to accelerate a 2000 kg car at the rate of
2m/s2?

Introduction
a Force
Mass and weight
The mass of a body depend on the quantity of matter it contains and being
measured using a beam balance everywhere.
Mass is the amount of matter in a substance.
The mass of a body characterizes its inertia and it is a scalar quantity which is
measured in kilogram (kg).
If you throw a stone vertically upward, it will fall back to the earth.
The same thing will happen every time you throw an object in any direction.
The pulling of objects by the earth towards its center is called the force of
gravity.
The pull of gravity acting on a body towards the Centre of the earth is called
the weight of a body. Thus the weight of a body is a force.
Thus the mass of a given body is the same everywhere. Whereas the weight is
the pulling force of the earth towards its center and it is a vector quantity.

Introduction
a Force
Mass and weight
In science or physics you need to recognize between ’weight’ and ‘mass’. They
are two different physical quantities in physics.
According to Newton’s second law, force equals to the product of mass and
acceleration, that is F= ma.
Similarly the force of gravity of the earth equal to the product of mass and
acceleration due to gravity ’g’, thus;
Weight(W ) = mass(m) × gravitational acceleration (g)

W = mg
Where ’m’ stands for mass and ’g’ is acceleration due to gravity.

Introduction
a Force
Mass and weight
Activity 2
1 The mass of one quintal of ’teff’ is 100 kg. What is its weight? Take g =
10m/s2.
2 How much does a 100 kg body weight on the surface of the moon whose
acceleration due to gravity is equal to 1.63 m/s2?

Introduction
a Force
Mass and weight
Solution:
1. The mass of one quintal of ’teff’ is 100 kg. What is its weight? Take g =
10m/s2.

W = mg
W = 100kg × 10m/s 2
W = 1000kg m/s 2
W = 1000N

Introduction
a Force
Mass and weight
Solution:
2. How much does a 100 kg body weight on the surface of the moon whose

W = mg
W = 100kg × 1.63m/s 2
W = 163kg m/s 2
W = 163N

Introduction
a Force
Mass and weight
Exercise 2
1 The mass of an object is 45 kg. What is its weight? Take g = 10m/s2.
2 How much does a 50 kg body weight on the surface of the moon whose

Introduction
a Force
Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Newton’s third law states that

”To every action there is always an equal and opposite
reaction”.
That is, whenever one body exerts a certain force on a second body, the second
body also exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.
These forces are called the action and reaction forces.

Introduction
a Force
Figure: Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Introduction
a Force
Newton’s Third Law of Motion is also called the law of Action and Reaction.
Action and reaction forces always act on two different bodies and always exist in
pairs.
For example: when holding your book on your palm
The force will be exerted by the palm on the book.
It is applied to the book and is directed upwards.
In return the weight will act on the palm with the force.
This force is applied to the palm and is directed down ward.

Introduction
a Force
Figure: Pushing a wall

Introduction
a Force
Figure: Rockets

Introduction
a Force
In this and in all other action and reaction cases it can be summarized
mathematically as:
FA = −FR . . . where FA is the action force and FR is the reaction force
The negative (-) sign indicates the reaction force is opposite in direction to the
action force.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
uniformly accelerated motion
Uniform motion
Constant Speed and Constant Velocity

Constant speed means steady speed. Something with constant speed doesn’t
speed up or slow down.
Constant velocity, on the other hand, means both constant speed and constant
direction.
Constant direction is a straight line - the object’s path doesn’t curve.
So constant velocity means motion in a straight line at constant speed.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Uniform motion
Constant Speed and Constant Velocity

Note that:
Constant speed and constant velocity are not the same.
Consider for example a body which moves along a curved path:
It may move at constant speed along a curved path but it

does not move with constant velocity, because its direction is
changing every instant.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
For Example: The car on the circular track may have a constant speed but not
a constant velocity, because its direction of motion is changing every instant.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Changing Velocity
If either the speed or the direction (or both) is changing, then the velocity is
changing.
A body may move at constant speed along a curved path, for example, but it
does not move with constant velocity, because its direction is changing every
instant.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Changing Velocity
In a car there are three controls that are used to change the velocity.
One is the gas pedal, which is used to maintain or increase the
speed.
The second is the brake, which is used to decrease the speed.
The third is the steering wheel, which is used to change the
direction.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Note that:
Velocity is a vector quantity. That is, it has both magnitude and direction.
The velocity of a certain body changes if either the magnitude or the direction
or both magnitude and direction are changed.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Uniform Motion
A motion is said to be uniform if both the magnitude and direction of the
velocity are kept constant.
The motion of the body with a constant velocity on a straight line is called
uniform motion.
Uniform motion is the motion of an object along a straight line with a constant
velocity or speed in a given direction.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Example 1 The motion of a body is measured and recorded in a table as follows
S(m) 6 12 18 24 30
t(s) 1 2 3 4 5
V(m/s)
Calculate the speed of the body and complete the table.

What do you call the type of speed?

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution: The motion of a body is measured and recorded in a table as follows
S(m) 6 12 18 24 30
t(s) 1 2 3 4 5
V(m/s) 6 6 6 6 6

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion


Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion

distance
Speed =
time

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion

distance
Speed =
time
S
V =
t

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion

distance
Speed =
time
S
V =
t
6 12 18 24 30
V = = = = =
1 2 3 4 5

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion

distance
Speed =
time
S
V =
t
6 12 18 24 30
V = = = = =
1 2 3 4 5
V = 6m/s

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion

distance
Speed =
time
S
V =
t
6 12 18 24 30
V = = = = =
1 2 3 4 5
V = 6m/s

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion

distance
Speed =
time
S
V =
t
6 12 18 24 30
V = = = = =
1 2 3 4 5
V = 6m/s
What do you call the type of speed? From the table you observe that when a
body makes equal changes of displacement within equal interval of time, its
velocity is said to be a Uniform Velocity. i.e. its speed is constant and the
direction is fixed.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Uniform Motion
The motion with a uniform velocity is called a uniform motion.
For a uniform motion:
displacement
Velocity =
time
−
→
−
→ S
V =
t
−
→ − → −
→
s
S = V × t and t = −
→
V

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Example 2 Suppose a car moves at a constant velocity of 10m/s for 5s. This
implies:
the car covers 10m in each second, that is, the car covers 10m within a second,
20m within 2s, 30m within 3s, 40m within 4s and 50m within 5s.
the motion can be measured and recorded in a table as follows
S(m) 10 20 30 40 50
t(s) 1 2 3 4 5
V(m/s) 10 10 10 10 10

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Changing Velocity
If either the speed or the direction (or both) is changing, then the velocity is
changing.
A body may move at constant speed along a curved path, for example, but it
does not move with constant velocity, because its direction is changing every
instant.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Changing Velocity
In a car there are three controls that are used to change the velocity.
One is the gas pedal, which is used to maintain or increase the
speed.
The second is the brake, which is used to decrease the speed.
The third is the steering wheel, which is used to change the
direction.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Acceleration
We can change the state of motion of an object by changing its speed, its
direction of motion, or both.
Any of these changes is a change in velocity.
Acceleration is the rate at which the velocity is changing.
You can calculate the acceleration of an object by dividing the change in its
velocity by time.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Acceleration
Whenever the velocity of an object changes in magnitude, or direction or both
simultaneously, it is said to be accelerated.
Acceleration is a measure of how much the velocity of an object changes in a
unit of time (usually in one second).
Acceleration is the time rate of change of velocity.
You can calculate the acceleration of an object by dividing the change in its
velocity by time.
A simple equation linking initial velocity, final velocity and time;
change in velocity
Accelearation =
time taken
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t
−
→ −
→
−
→ Vf −Vi
a =
t

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Acceleration
The key idea that defines acceleration is change.
Whenever we change our state of motion, we are accelerating.
A car that can accelerate well has the ability to change its velocity rapidly.
A car that can go from zero to 60 km/h in 5 seconds has a greater acceleration
than another car that can go from zero to 80 km/h in 10 seconds. (Why?)
So having good acceleration means being able to change velocity quickly and
does not necessarily refer to how fast something is moving.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Example 1:
1.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
1. Answer: The speed increases by 5 km/h during each 1-s interval in a straight
line. The acceleration is therefore 5 km/h•s during each interval.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Example 2:
2.
Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
2. Answer: The car and truck both increase their speed by 15 km/h during the
same time interval, so their acceleration is the same.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Example 3-4:
3. What is the acceleration of a car that goes from rest to 100 km/h in 10 s?
4. What is the acceleration of a mechanical part that moves from 0 to 10 m/s in a
time of 1 s?

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
3. What is the acceleration of a car that goes from rest to 100 km/h in 10 s?
10 km/h/s
4. What is the acceleration of a mechanical part that moves from 0 to 10 m/s in a
time of 1 s?
10 m/s2

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
A car is accelerating whenever there is a change in its state of motion.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion

We “feel” acceleration when we lurch backward in the subway (or car, bike etc)
when it starts, or when it stops (lurch forward), or turns (lean to one side)
We experience acceleration, or “pickup” as it is sometimes called, as they are
pressed into their seats.
We experience deceleration when the driver of a bus or car slams on the brakes
and we tend to hurtle forward.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion

Accelerate in the direction of velocity–speed up

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Accelerate against velocity–slow down

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Accelerate at an angle to velocity–change direction

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Acceleration
The SI unit of acceleration is meter/second/second = m/s2.
−
→
If a body starts from rest, then the initial velocity is zero ( V i = 0).
If the velocity of a body increases then the final velocity is greater than the
−
→ −
→
initial velocity. Such motion is called accelerating. That is, ( V f > V i ).
If the velocity of a body decreases then the final velocity is less than the initial
velocity. Such motion is called decelerating.
−
→ −
→
Deceleration is called a negative acceleration. (That is, ( V f < V i ))
−
→
If the body comes to rest then, the final velocity is zero ( V f = 0).

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Uniformly Accelerated Motion

Uniformly accelerated motion is motion of an object along a straight line with
a constant increase in its velocity.
For a uniformly accelerated motion the velocity changes in the same amount
for every unit interval of time.
If the change of the velocity is the same in every equal interval of time, the
motion is said to be uniformly accelerated motion or constant acceleration.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Example
1 The speed of a car increases uniformly from 5m/s to 55m/s in 10s. Calculate
the acceleration of the car.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
−
→ −
→
1 Given V f = 55m/s, V i = 5m/s and t = 10s

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t
−
→ −
→
−
→ Vf −Vi
a =
t

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t
−
→ −
→
−
→ Vf −Vi
a =
t
−
→ 55m/s − 5m/s
a =
10s

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t
−
→ −
→
−
→ V f − Vi
a =
t
−
→ 55m/s − 5m/s
a =
10s
−
→ 50m/s
a =
10s

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t
−
→ −
→
−
→ Vf −Vi
a =
t
−
→ 55m/s − 5m/s
a =
10s
−
→ 50m/s
a =
10s
−
→
a = 5m/s 2

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Activity 4
2 A car started from rest and accelerated uniformly and reached a speed of 20m/s
after 4s. What is the acceleration of the car?
3 A bus initially at rest and accelerated uniformly with an acceleration of 5m/s2.
What is the speed of the bus at the end of 6sec?

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
1.
−
→ −
→
Given V f = 30m/s, V i = 10m/s and t = 5s

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
1.
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
1.
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t
−
→ −
→
−
→ V f − Vi
a =
t

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
1.
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t
−
→ −
→
−
→ V f − Vi
a =
t
−
→ 30m/s − 10m/s
a =
5s

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
1.
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t
−
→ −
→
−
→ V f − Vi
a =
t
−
→ 30m/s − 10m/s
a =
5s
−
→ 20m/s
a =
5s

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
1.
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t
−
→ −
→
−
→ V f − Vi
a =
t
−
→ 30m/s − 10m/s
a =
5s
−
→ 20m/s
a =
5s
−
→
a = 4m/s 2

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
2.
−
→ −
→

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
2.
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
2.
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t
−
→ −
→
−
→ V f − Vi
a =
t

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
2.
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t
−
→ −
→
−
→ V f − Vi
a =
t
−
→ 20m/s − 0m/s
a =
4s

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
2.
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t
−
→ −
→
−
→ V f − Vi
a =
t
−
→ 20m/s − 0m/s
a =
4s
−
→ 20m/s
a =
4s

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
2.
−
→ −
→
−
→
−
→ △V
a =
t
−
→ −
→
−
→ V f − Vi
a =
t
−
→ 20m/s − 0m/s
a =
4s
−
→ 20m/s
a =
4s
−
→
a = 5m/s 2

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
−
→
3. Given −
→
a = 5m/s 2 , V i = 0m/s and t = 6s

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
−
→
3. Given −
→
a = 5m/s 2 , V i = 0m/s and t = 6s
−
→ −
→
−
→ Vf −Vi
a =
t

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
−
→
3. Given −
→
a = 5m/s 2 , V i = 0m/s and t = 6s
−
→ −
→
−
→ Vf −Vi
a =
t
−
→ −
→ −
→
a ×t = Vf − Vi

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
−
→
3. Given −
→
a = 5m/s 2 , V i = 0m/s and t = 6s
−
→ −
→
−
→ Vf −Vi
a =
t
−
→ −
→ −
→
a ×t = Vf − Vi
−
→ −
→
V i + (−
→
a × t) = V f

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
−
→
3. Given −
→
a = 5m/s 2 , V i = 0m/s and t = 6s
−
→ −
→
−
→ Vf −Vi
a =
t
−
→ −
→ −
→
a ×t = Vf − Vi
−
→ −
→
V i + (−
→
a × t) = V f
−
→ −
→
V = V + (−
f
→a × t)
i

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
−
→
3. Given −
→
a = 5m/s 2 , V i = 0m/s and t = 6s
−
→ −
→
−
→ Vf −Vi
a =
t
−→ −
→ −
→
a ×t = Vf − Vi
−
→ −
→
V i + (−
→
a × t) = V f
−
→ −
→
V = V + (−
f
→a × t)
i
−
→
V f = 0m/s + (5m/s 2 × 6s)

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Solution:
−
→
3. Given −
→
a = 5m/s 2 , V i = 0m/s and t = 6s
−
→ −
→
−
→ Vf −Vi
a =
t
−→ −
→ −
→
a ×t = Vf − Vi
−
→ −
→
V i + (−
→
a × t) = V f
−
→ −
→
V = V + (−
f
→a × t)
i
−
→
V f = 0m/s + (5m/s 2 × 6s)
−
→
V f = 30m/s

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Exercise 4
2 A car started from rest and accelerated uniformly and reached a speed of 48m/s
after 6s. What is the acceleration of the car?
3 A bus initially at rest and accelerated uniformly with an acceleration of 7m/s2.
What is the speed of the bus at the end of 3sec?

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Falling bodies
An apple falls from a tree. Does it gains speed as it falls? Does it accelerate
while falling?

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Falling bodies
An apple falls from a tree. Does it accelerate while falling?
We know it starts from a rest position and gains speed as it
falls.
We know this because it would be safe to catch if it fell a
meter or two, but not if it fell from a high-flying balloon.
Thus, the apple must gain more speed during the time it drops
from a great height than during the shorter time it takes to
drop a meter.
This gain in speed indicates that the apple does accelerate as
it falls.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Falling bodies
Gravity causes the apple to accelerate downward once it begins falling.
In real life, air resistance affects the acceleration of a falling object.
Let’s imagine there is no air resistance and that gravity is the only thing
affecting a falling object.
An object moving under the influence of the gravitational force only is said to
be in free fall.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Falling bodies
Gravity is the pulling force of the earth on a body.
The first person who studied about motion of a falling body was Galileo Galilee.
He showed that all bodies dropped from the same height fall to the earth with
the same acceleration, which is known as the gravitational acceleration (−
→
g ).
All objects falling freely in air accelerates uniformly by 9.8 m/s every second.
Motion of a freely falling body is the natural example of a uniformly accelerated
rectilinear motion.
Free fall is the motion of a body under the action of the force of gravity.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
If you tossed an object either up or down and could somehow eliminate the
effects of air on its flight, you would find that the object accelerates downward
at a certain constant rate.
That rate is called the free-fall acceleration, and its magnitude is represented by
g.
The acceleration is independent of the object’s characteristics, such as mass,
density, or shape; it is the same for all objects.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Two examples of free-fall acceleration are shown in figure below, which is a

series of stroboscopic photos of a feather and an apple.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Falling bodies
Note from the figure that:
A feather and an apple free fall in vacuum at the same
magnitude of acceleration g.
In the absence of air, the feather and apple fall together.
As these objects fall, they accelerate downward—both at the same rate g.
Thus, their speeds increase at the same rate, and they fall together.
The value of g varies slightly with latitude and with elevation. At sea level in
Earth’s mid-latitudes the value is 9.8m/s 2 (or 32ft/s 2 ), which is what you
should use as an exact number for the problems in this book unless otherwise
noted.
Gravity is an important example of straight line motion with constant
acceleration is that of an object rising or falling freely near Earth’s surface.

Revision - Grade 7
Uniform motion
Example

Revision - Grade 7
Graphical Representation of Uniform Motion
Graphical Representation of Uniformly Accelerated Motion

−
→
1. Velocity-Time Graph ( V − t graph)
−
→
2. Displacement-Time Graph ( S − t graph)

Revision - Grade 7
→
−
Velocity-Time Graph ( V − t Graph)
This is a plot of velocity against time.
It shows the variation of the velocity with time.
For a uniform motion since the velocity is constant, for any given interval of
time the graph is straight line parallel to the time axis.

Revision - Grade 7
Example: suppose a car moves at with a constant velocity of 5m/s for 5sec.
The table is based on the motion of a car.
S(m) 5 10 15 20 25
t(s) 1 2 3 4 5
V(m/s) 5 5 5 5 5

Revision - Grade 7
−
→
V − t graph looks like:

Revision - Grade 7
−
→

Revision - Grade 7
→
−
Area Under the Curve of V − t Graph
−
→
The area under the V − t graph is given by:
Area = Length × Wedith

−
→ −
→
= V × t = S = displacement
−
→
The area under the V − t graph is the displacement of the moving body.

Revision - Grade 7
→
−
Displacement-Time Graph ( S − t Graph)
This is a plot of displacement verses time.
It shows the variation of the displacement with time.
−
→
The displacement-time ( S − t) graph for uniform rectilinear motion is a
straight inclined line with a slope equal to the velocity of the moving body.

Revision - Grade 7
Example: suppose a car moves with a velocity of 5m/s for 5sec.

S(m) 5 10 15 20 25
t(s) 1 2 3 4 5
V(m/s) 5 5 5 5 5

Revision - Grade 7
−
→
S − t graph looks like:

Revision - Grade 7
−
→
S − t graph looks like:

Revision - Grade 7
The Slope of Displacement-Time Graph

The slope of the curve is given by:
vertical change
Slope =
horizontal change
−
→
△S −
→
= = V = velocity
△t
−
→
In the S − t graph the slope of the curve is the velocity of the moving body.

Revision - Grade 7

−
→
1. Velocity-Time Graph ( V − t Graph)

Revision - Grade 7
→
−
Velocity-Time Graph ( V − t Graph)
For a uniformly accelerated motion the velocity changes in the same amount for
every unit interval of time.
−
→
The V − t graph is therefore a straight inclined line.

Revision - Grade 7
Example: suppose a car starts from rest uniformly accelerated at 2m/s 2 every
second for 5s.
V(m/s) 0 2 4 6 8 10
t(s) 0 1 2 3 4 5

Revision - Grade 7
−
→

Revision - Grade 7
−
→

Revision - Grade 7
The Slope of Velocity-Time Graph

The slope of the curve is given by:
vertical change
Slope =
horizontal change
−
→
△V
=
△t
−
→ −
→
Vf −Vi
=
t
=−→
a
= acceleration
−
→
The slope of V − t graph is the acceleration of the moving body.

Revision - Grade 7
Summary:

Revision - Grade 7
Speed:

Revision - Grade 7
Velocity:

Revision - Grade 7
Acceleration:

Revision - Grade 7
Free Fall:

Unit 2 Physics Grade 8 Lecture Slide

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Unit 2.

Motion in One Dimension

Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade

February 15, 2022

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

This unit has 3 subtopics.

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

After completing this unit you should be able to:

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Motion along straight line path is known as a rectilinear motion.

Distance and Displacement

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

1 What is the total distance covered by the teacher?

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

2 What is the teacher’s change in position? Or Displacement?

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

2 What is the teacher’s change in position? Or Displacement?

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

2 What is the teacher’s change in position? Or Displacement?

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

2 What is the teacher’s change in position? Or Displacement?

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

2 What is the teacher’s change in position? Or Displacement?

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

2 What is the teacher’s change in position? Or Displacement?

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Speed and Velocity

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

A simple equation linking speed, time and distance;

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

2. From the chart find:

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Average speed (Vav )

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

Mr. Behailu Fekade Unit 2. Motion in One Dimension

2. Given V = 25m/s and S = 25Km = 5000m